UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

 

FORM 10-Q

 

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2016

OR

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission File Number: 001-36089

 

RingCentral, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

 

 

20 Davis Drive

Belmont, California 94002

(Address of principal executive offices)

(650) 472-4100

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No   ☒

As of November 1, 2016, there were 60,474,474 shares of Class A Common Stock issued and outstanding and 13,109,918 shares of Class B Common Stock outstanding.

 

 

 

 

 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

 

 

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements that are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to our management. The forward-looking statements are contained principally in, but not limited to, the sections titled “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”. Forward-looking statements include all statements that are not historical facts and can be identified by terms such as “anticipates”, “believes”, “could”, “seeks”, “estimates”, “expects”, “intends”, “may”, “plans”, “potential”, “predicts”, “projects”, “should”, “will”, “would” or similar expressions and the negatives of those terms. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:

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Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance, or achievements to be significantly different from any future results, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. We discuss these risks in greater detail in the section entitled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Also, forward-looking statements represent our management’s beliefs and assumptions only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. You should read this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be significantly different from what we expect.

Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements publicly, or to update the reasons actual results could differ significantly from those anticipated in these forward looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future.

 

 

 

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PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

Item 1. Financial Statements

 

RINGCENTRAL, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited, in thousands)

 

 

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

 

 

 

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RINGCENTRAL, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited, in thousands, except per share data)

 

 

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

 

 

 

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RINGCENTRAL, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(Unaudited, in thousands)

 

 

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

 

 

 

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RINGCENTRAL, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited, in thousands)

 

 

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

 

 

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RINGCENTRAL, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

 

Note 1. Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Business

RingCentral, Inc. (the Company) is a provider of software-as-a-service (SaaS) solutions for business communications and collaboration. The Company was incorporated in California in 1999 and was reincorporated in Delaware on September 26, 2013.

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes of the Company reflect all adjustments (all of which are normal, recurring in nature and those discussed in these notes) that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the interim periods presented. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any subsequent quarter or for the entire year ending December 31, 2016. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) have been condensed or omitted under the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported results of operations during the reporting period. The significant estimates made by management affect revenues, accounts receivable, allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory reserves, intangibles, goodwill, share-based compensation, deferred revenue, return reserves, provision for income taxes, uncertain tax positions, loss contingencies, sales tax liabilities, and accrued liabilities. Management periodically evaluates such estimates, which are adjusted prospectively based upon such periodic evaluation. Actual results could differ from these estimates and such differences may be material to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The new guidance is a result of a joint project with the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) to clarify and converge the revenue recognition principles under U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and to develop guidance that would streamline and enhance revenue recognition requirements. In April 2015, the FASB proposed a one-year deferral of the effective date for the new revenue reporting standard for entities reporting under U.S. GAAP. In accordance with the deferral, ASU 2014-09 will be effective for fiscal 2018, including interim periods within that reporting period, and can be adopted either retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented or as a cumulative effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures and has not selected an adoption method.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which will require a lessee to recognize assets and liabilities for leases with lease terms of more than twelve months. Both capital and operating leases will need to be recognized on the balance sheet.  The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted.  The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net).  This standard amends ASU 2014-09 to improve the operability and understandability of the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations.  The effective date and transition of this amendment is the same as the effective date and transition of ASU 2014-09.  The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.  

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RINGCENTRAL, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

 

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (Topic 718), which simplifies the accounting for stock-based compensation related to the accounting for forfeitures, employer tax withholding, excess tax benefits related to awards and cash flow presentations.  The standard is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted.  The adoption of this amendment is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.  

In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing (Topic 606), which amends the revenue guidance on identifying performance obligations and accounting for licenses of intellectual property.  The effective date and transition of this amendment is the same as the effective date and transition of ASU 2014-09.  The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.  

In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients, which clarifies certain issues related to transitioning to the new revenue guidance, as well as assessing collectability, recognition of noncash consideration, and presentation of sales and other similar taxes in revenue transactions.  The effective date and transition of this amendment is the same as the effective date and transition of ASU 2014-09.  The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.  

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which clarifies the presentation and classification in the statement of cash flows.  The guidance addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice for certain cash receipts and cash payments.  The standard is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted.  The adoption of this amendment is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory, which requires entities to recognize at the transaction date the income tax effects for intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory.  The standard is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted.  The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.  

Reclassification

Certain immaterial items previously reported have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s reporting presentation.

 

 

Note 2. Agency Agreement with Westcon Group

In January 2016, the Company entered into a sales agency agreement with Westcon Group, Inc. (Westcon), a global distributor of communications devices, to provide the phones purchased by customers. Under this agreement, the Company is an agent of Westcon and receives a commission for its services, which primarily include referring phone sales to Westcon. Westcon will provide phones directly to the Company’s customers instead of the Company purchasing phones from third-party vendors and reselling the phones to the Company’s customers. Commission revenues from the arrangement are recorded as the Company is the agent for these sales based on the following criteria:

The Company completed its transition of direct phone sales to Westcon during the three months ended June 30, 2016.  The transition excludes the Company’s carriers’ phone sales from the agency model. The Company does not plan to transition the carrier partners to the agency model as the billing relationships to these customers are through the carriers.  

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RINGCENTRAL, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

 

The Company’s sales of phones that are provided free or significantly discounted to customers are not part of the sales agency agreement with Westcon. The Company recognizes revenues and cost from these sales as the Company is the primary obligor and has latitude in pricing.

 

 

Note 3. Change in Presentation

As a result of the new sales agency model, the Company replaced the product revenues line in its consolidated statements of operations with a line called other revenues, which includes the commission revenues earned as an agent of Westcon, product revenues from sales of phones not sold under the sales agency agreement with Westcon, phone sales to carrier partners, phone rentals, and professional implementation services. Correspondingly, costs of other revenues include the costs for all the above items.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, the majority of other revenues were product revenues from sales of phones that fell outside the sales agency agreement with Westcon.  Accordingly, to provide a comparison of product revenues and product cost of revenues prior to and subsequent to the change in presentation, product revenues were $2.2 million and $6.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $10.0 million and $16.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.  Product cost of revenues were $3.4 million and $5.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $11.6 million and $14.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

 

 

Note 4. Financial Statement Components

Cash and cash equivalents consisted of the following (in thousands):

 

 

 

Accounts receivable, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

 

 

 

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

 

 

 

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RINGCENTRAL, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

 

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

 

 

 

Note 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is based on the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.  The Company measures and reports certain cash equivalents, including money market funds and certificates of deposit, at fair value in accordance with the provisions of the authoritative accounting guidance that addresses fair value measurements.  This guidance establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available.  The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the reliability of the inputs as follows:

The financial assets carried at fair value were determined using the following inputs (in thousands):

 

 

  

 

The Company’s other financial instruments, including accounts receivable, accounts payable, and other current liabilities, are carried at cost, which approximates fair value due to the relatively short maturity of those instruments.

At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company estimated the fair value of its debt using an expected present value technique, which is based on observable market inputs using interest rates currently available to companies of similar credit standing for similar terms and remaining maturities. The estimated fair value of the Company’s current and non-current debt obligations was $15.8 million at September 30, 2016, compared to its carrying amount of $15.8 million at that date. The estimated fair value of the Company’s current and non-current debt obligations was $19.0 million at December 31, 2015, compared to its carrying amount of $18.6 million at that date. If the debt was measured at fair value in the condensed consolidated balance sheets, the Company’s current and non-current debt would be classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

 

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RINGCENTRAL, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

 

 

Note 6. Business Combinations      

On June 4, 2015, the Company acquired Glip, Inc. (Glip), a cloud messaging and collaboration company based in Boca Raton, Florida. Glip is a provider of team messaging services, integrated with project management, group calendars, notes, annotations, and file sharing. The consideration for this acquisition, net of cash acquired and including the fair value of contingent consideration payable in cash upon achievement of certain earn out milestones and the fair value of common stock issuable to the former stockholders of Glip was $11.9 million.  Of this total consideration, $1.5 million of cash was held back by the Company upon closing as security for certain indemnification obligations of such stockholders.  In June 2016, the Company paid the $1.5 million in full.  

The initial fair value of the milestone based earn out liability was determined to be $2.3 million using various estimates, including probabilities of achievement and discount rates. During the three months ended September 30, 2016, the Company issued 45,893 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock to settle certain milestones achieved.  Based on the completion of milestones for the quarter ended September 30, 2016 and the estimated probability of completing the remaining milestones, the estimated fair value of the milestones based earn out liability was $1.9 million at September 30, 2016, which is classified as a current liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.  

Additionally, under the terms of the acquisition, the Company may also pay up to $2.0 million in payments at the end of a two-year period to certain Glip employees, who continue to be employees of the Company, which are accounted for as a post-combination expense. At September 30, 2016, the contingent payment liability was $1.2 million and classified as a current liability in the consolidated balance sheets.

The carrying values of intangible assets are as follows (in thousands):

 

 

Amortization expense from acquired intangible assets for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 was $0.3 million for both periods. Amortization expense from acquired intangible assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 was $0.8 million and $0.3 million, respectively.  Amortization of developed technology is included in cost of revenues and amortization of customer relationships is included in sales and marketing expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.  At September 30, 2016, the weighted average amortization periods for customer relationship and developed technology approximate 0.7 years and 3.7 years, respectively.

Estimated amortization expense for acquired intangible assets for the following five fiscal years and thereafter is as follows (in thousands):

 

 

 

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RINGCENTRAL, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

 

Note 7. Debt

As of September 30, 2016, the Company’s debt was comprised of borrowings under the Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement dated March 30, 2015 (SVB Agreement), as amended, with Silicon Valley Bank (SVB).  Under the SVB Agreement, the Company has one outstanding growth capital term loan (2013 Term Loan) and a revolving line of credit.

The 2013 Term Loan was borrowed on December 31, 2013 with a principal amount of $15.0 million, which is being repaid in 48 equal monthly installments of principal, plus accrued and unpaid interest. Interest is due monthly and accrues at a floating rate based on the Company’s option of an annual rate of either the (i) prime rate plus a margin of 0.75% or 1.00% or (ii) adjusted LIBOR rate (based on one, two, three or six-month interest periods) plus a margin of 3.75% or 4.00%, in each case such margin being determined based on cash balances maintained with SVB. The Company elected the prime rate option.  In May 2016, the terms of the SVB Agreement were amended to reduce the margin on the annual rate of the 2013 Term Loan to either (i) prime rate plus a margin of 0.25% or 0.50% or (ii) adjusted LIBOR rate (based on one, two, three, or six-month interest periods) plus a margin of 3.25% or 3.50%, resulting in a current interest rate of 3.75% based on the prime rate option and cash balance maintained with SVB. As of September 30, 2016, the outstanding principal balance of the 2013 Term Loan was $5.0 million, of which $1.3 million is payable subsequent to September 30, 2017 and is classified as a non-current liability in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.   

The revolving line of credit provides for a maximum borrowing of up to $15.0 million in principal amount, subject to limits based on recurring software subscription revenue amounts as defined in the SVB Agreement. The recurring software subscription revenue requirement is not expected to limit the amount of borrowings available under the line of credit. Under the line of credit, interest is paid monthly and accrues at a floating rate based on the Company’s option of an annual rate of either the (i) prime rate plus a margin of 0.25% or 0.50% or (ii) adjusted LIBOR rate (based on one, two, three or six-month interest periods) plus a margin of 3.25% or 3.50%, in each case such margin being determined based on cash balances maintained with SVB. The Company elected the prime rate option.  In August 2015, the terms of the SVB Agreement were amended to extend the maturity of the revolving line of credit from August 13, 2015 to August 14, 2017.  In May 2016, the terms of the SVB Agreement were amended to reduce the margin on the annual rate of the revolving line of credit to either the (i) prime rate plus a margin of 0% or 0.25% or (ii) adjusted LIBOR rate (based on one, two, three, or six-month interest periods) plus a margin of 3.0% to 3.25%, resulting in a current interest rate of 3.50% based on the prime rate option and cash balance maintained with SVB. As of September 30, 2016, the outstanding principal balance and the available borrowing capacity of the line of credit were $10.8 million and $4.2 million, respectively. The outstanding principal balance is classified as a current liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as the principal balance is due in August 2017.   

The Company has pledged substantially all of its assets, excluding intellectual property, as collateral to secure its obligations under the SVB Agreement. The SVB Agreement contains customary negative covenants that limit the Company’s ability to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness, grant liens, make investments, repurchase stock, pay dividends, transfer assets and merge or consolidate. The SVB Agreement, as amended, also contains customary affirmative covenants, as well as financial covenants that require the Company to (i) maintain minimum cash balances of $10.0 million, as defined in the agreement, and (ii) maintain minimum EBITDA levels, as determined in accordance with the agreement. In March 2015, the Company adjusted certain financial covenants to expand its ability to invest in certain foreign subsidiaries and property and equipment. The Company was in compliance with all covenants under its credit agreement with SVB as of September 30, 2016.

 

 

 

Note 8. Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

The Company leases facilities for office space under non-cancelable operating leases for its U.S. and international locations and has entered into capital lease arrangements to obtain property and equipment for its operations.  In addition, the Company leases space from third party datacenter hosting facilities under co-location agreements to support its cloud infrastructure.  The Company leases space for its corporate headquarters in Belmont, California through July 2021.

Sales Tax Liability

The Company regularly increases its sales and marketing activities in various states within the U.S., which may create nexus in those states to collect sales taxes on sales to customers.  Although the Company is diligent in collecting and remitting such taxes, there is uncertainty as to what constitutes sufficient in state presence for a state to levy taxes, fees, and surcharges for sales made over the Internet.  As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company had a long-term sales tax liability of $3.5 million and $3.7 million, respectively, based on its best estimate of the probable liability for the loss contingency incurred as of those dates. The

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RINGCENTRAL, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

 

Company’s estimate of a probable outcome under the loss contingency is based on analysis of its sales and marketing activities, revenues subject to sales tax, and applicable regulations in each state in each period. No significant adjustments to the long-term sales tax liability have been recognized in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for changes to the assumptions underlying the estimate. However, changes in management’s assumptions may occur in the future as the Company obtains new information which can result in adjustments to the recorded liability. Increases and decreases to the long-term sales tax liability are recorded as general and administrative expense.

The Company recorded a current sales tax liability for non-contingent amounts expected to be remitted in the next twelve months of $4.7 million and $4.4 million as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, which is included in accrued liabilities.

Legal Matters

The Company determines whether an estimated loss from a contingency should be accrued by assessing whether a loss is deemed probable and can be reasonably estimated. The Company assesses its potential liability by analyzing specific litigation and regulatory matters using reasonably available information. The Company develops its views on estimated losses in consultation with inside and outside counsel, which involves a subjective analysis of potential results and outcomes, assuming various combinations of appropriate litigation and settlement strategies.  Legal fees are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

TCPA Matter

On April 21, 2016, Supply Pro Sorbents, LLC (SPS) filed a putative class action against the Company in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California (Court), alleging common law conversion and violations of the federal Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA) arising from fax cover sheets used by the Company’s customers when sending facsimile transmissions over the Company’s system (Lawsuit).  SPS sought statutory damages, costs, attorneys’ fees and an injunction in connection with its TCPA claim, and unspecified damages and punitive damages in connection with its conversion claim.  On July 6, 2016, the Company filed a Petition for Expedited Declaratory Ruling before the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), requesting that the FCC issue a ruling clarifying certain portions of its regulations promulgated under TCPA at issue in the Lawsuit (Petition).  On July 8, 2016, the Company filed a motion to dismiss the Lawsuit in its entirety, along with a collateral motion to dismiss or stay the Lawsuit pending a ruling by the FCC on the Company’s Petition.  On October 7, 2016, the Court granted the Company’s motion to dismiss and gave SPS 20 days to amend its complaint.  The Court concurrently dismissed the Company’s motion to dismiss or stay as moot.  SPS filed its amended complaint on October 27, 2016, alleging the same theories and claims. The Company intends to vigorously defend itself and anticipates filing another motion to dismiss and a collateral motion to dismiss or stay the case pending resolution of the FCC Petition.  Litigation is inherently uncertain, however, and it is too early in this proceeding to predict the outcome of this Lawsuit.  Based on the information known by the Company as of the date of this filing and the rules and regulations applicable to the preparation of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements, it is not possible to provide an estimated amount of any such loss or range of loss that may occur.

As of December 31, 2015, there were no significant ongoing legal matters and the Company did not have any accrued liabilities recorded for such loss contingencies.

 

 

Note 9. Share-Based Compensation

A summary of share-based compensation expense recognized in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations is as follows (in thousands):

 

 

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RINGCENTRAL, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

 

A summary of share-based compensation expense by award type is as follows (in thousands):

 

 

Equity Incentive Plans

As of September 30, 2016, a total of 8,775,309 shares remained available for grant under the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (2013 Plan). A summary of option activity under all of the Company’s equity incentive plans at September 30, 2016 and changes during the period then ended is presented in the following table:

 

 

The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted and the total intrinsic value of options exercised were as follows (in thousands, except weighted average grant date fair value):

 

 

The Company estimated the fair values of each option awarded on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model, which requires inputs including the fair value of common stock, expected term, expected volatility, risk-free interest rate, and dividend yield. The weighted-average assumptions used in the option pricing model in the periods presented were as follows: