Document
 

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2018

OR

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________to________

Commission file number: 001-35418

EPAM SYSTEMS, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)


Delaware
22-3536104
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
 
 
41 University Drive, Suite 202
Newtown, Pennsylvania
18940
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip code)
267-759-9000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer
x
Accelerated filer
¨
Non-accelerated filer
¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company
¨
Emerging growth company
¨

 
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No   x
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Title of Each Class
Outstanding as of April 30, 2018
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share
53,402,051 shares

 


EPAM SYSTEMS, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 
Page



Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)
EPAM SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

 
As of  
 March 31, 
 2018
 
As of  
 December 31, 
 2017
Assets
 
 
 
Current assets
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
535,857

 
$
582,585

Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $1,375 and $1,186, respectively
262,295

 
265,639

Unbilled revenues
136,807

 
86,500

Prepaid and other current assets, net of allowance of $161 and $45, respectively
33,154

 
23,196

Employee loans, current, net of allowance of $0 and $0, respectively
2,067

 
2,113

Total current assets
970,180

 
960,033

Property and equipment, net
96,825

 
86,419

Employee loans, noncurrent, net of allowance of $0 and $0, respectively
1,883

 
2,097

Intangible assets, net
59,500

 
44,511

Goodwill
150,337

 
119,531

Deferred tax assets
48,170

 
24,974

Other noncurrent assets, net of allowance of $138 and $140, respectively
16,507

 
12,691

Total assets
$
1,343,402

 
$
1,250,256

 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 

 
 

Current liabilities
 

 
 

Accounts payable
$
8,474

 
$
5,574

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
56,701

 
89,812

Due to employees
60,642

 
38,757

Deferred compensation due to employees
1,827

 
5,964

Taxes payable
52,264

 
40,860

Total current liabilities
179,908

 
180,967

Long-term debt
25,025

 
25,033

Taxes payable, noncurrent

62,031

 
59,874

Other noncurrent liabilities
21,090

 
9,435

Total liabilities
288,054

 
275,309

Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)


 


Stockholders’ equity
 

 
 

Common stock, $0.001 par value; 160,000,000 authorized; 53,326,733 and 53,003,420 shares issued, 53,306,998 and 52,983,685 shares outstanding at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively
53

 
53

Additional paid-in capital
486,022

 
473,874

Retained earnings
583,695

 
518,820

Treasury stock
(177
)
 
(177
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(14,245
)
 
(17,623
)
Total stockholders’ equity
1,055,348

 
974,947

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
1,343,402

 
$
1,250,256


The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

Table of Contents

EPAM SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except per share data)

 
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
 
2018
 
2017
Revenues
$
424,148

 
$
324,651

Operating expenses:
 
 
 
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)
277,634

 
207,730

Selling, general and administrative expenses
87,777

 
78,453

Depreciation and amortization expense
8,176

 
6,672

Other operating expenses, net
1,864

 
830

Income from operations
48,697

 
30,966

Interest and other (loss)/income, net
(551
)
 
584

Foreign exchange loss
(247
)
 
(2,955
)
Income before (benefit from)/provision for income taxes
47,899

 
28,595

(Benefit from)/provision for income taxes
(16,519
)
 
4,954

Net income
$
64,418

 
$
23,641

Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax
3,309

 
6,386

Unrealized gain on cash-flow hedging instruments, net of tax
69

 

Comprehensive income
$
67,796

 
$
30,027

 
 
 
 
Net income per share:
 
 
 
Basic
$
1.21

 
$
0.46

Diluted
$
1.15

 
$
0.44

Shares used in calculation of net income per share:
 
 
 
Basic
53,079

 
50,958

Diluted
56,241

 
53,889


The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.


4

Table of Contents

EPAM SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)

                                               
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
 
2018
 
2017
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
Net income
$
64,418

 
$
23,641

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
8,176

 
6,672

Bad debt expense/(recovery)
199

 
(517
)
Deferred taxes
(23,290
)
 
2,595

Stock-based compensation expense
16,596

 
15,776

Other
(1,982
)
 
651

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 

 
 

(Increase)/decrease in operating assets:
 

 
 

Accounts receivable
12,475

 
24,635

Unbilled revenues
(48,193
)
 
(39,485
)
Prepaid expenses and other assets
(7,623
)
 
(2,211
)
Increase/(decrease) in operating liabilities:
 

 
 

Accounts payable
2,520

 
77

Accrued expenses and other liabilities
(31,470
)
 
(18,484
)
Due to employees
11,656

 
8,611

Taxes payable
3,848

 
7,135

Net cash provided by operating activities
7,330

 
29,096

Cash flows from investing activities:
 

 
 

Purchases of property and equipment
(10,711
)
 
(5,725
)
Employee housing loans issued
(108
)
 
(370
)
Proceeds from repayments of employee housing loans
519

 
689

Decrease in time deposits, net
418

 
21

Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired
(50,264
)
 

Other investing activities, net
(18
)
 
(276
)
Net cash used in investing activities
(60,164
)
 
(5,661
)
Cash flows from financing activities:
 

 
 

Proceeds from stock option exercises
7,588

 
10,606

Payments of withholding taxes related to net share settlements of restricted stock units
(106
)
 
(2,694
)
Repayment of debt (Note 5)
(3,466
)
 
(30
)
Net cash provided by financing activities
4,016

 
7,882

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
3,040

 
2,952

Net (decrease)/increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
(45,778
)
 
34,269

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period
582,855

 
364,664

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period
$
537,077

 
$
398,933




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Table of Contents

EPAM SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)
(Continued)

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheets:
                                               
As of  
 March 31, 
 2018
 
As of
December 31,
2017
Balance sheet classification
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
535,857

 
$
582,585

 
 
 
 
Restricted cash in Prepaid and other current assets

18

 
91

Restricted cash in Other noncurrent assets
1,202

 
179

Total restricted cash
1,220

 
270

Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
$
537,077

 
$
582,855


The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

Table of Contents

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
 
1.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES    
EPAM Systems, Inc. (the “Company” or “EPAM”) is a leading global provider of digital platform engineering and software development services to clients located around the world, primarily in North America, Europe, Asia and Australia. The Company has expertise in various industries, including software and hi-tech, financial services, business information and media, travel and hospitality, retail and distribution and life sciences and healthcare. The Company is incorporated in Delaware and headquartered in Newtown, PA.
Basis of Presentation — The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of EPAM have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) and Article 10 of Regulation S-X under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of EPAM Systems, Inc. and its subsidiaries with all intercompany balances and transactions eliminated.
These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2017 included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in these condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences may be material to the condensed consolidated financial statements. Operating results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected to occur for the entire year. In management’s opinion, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been included, and all adjustments are of a normal and recurring nature.
Adoption of New Accounting Standards
Unless otherwise discussed below, the adoption of new accounting standards did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
Revenue Recognition — Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the new accounting standard ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) as amended using the modified retrospective method. The standard effectively replaced previously existing revenue recognition guidance (Topic 605) and requires entities to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services as well as requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments.
The following table summarizes the cumulative effect of adopting Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method of adoption as of January 1, 2018:
 
Balance as of
December 31, 2017
 
Adjustments
Due to Topic 606
 
Balance as of
January 1, 2018
Balance Sheet
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
   Unbilled revenues
$
86,500

 
$
(78
)
 
$
86,422

   Deferred tax assets
$
24,974

 
$
(173
)
 
$
24,801

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
    Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
$
89,812

 
$
(708
)
 
$
89,104

Stockholders’ equity
 
 
 
 
 
    Retained earnings
$
518,820

 
$
457

 
$
519,277

The Company applied a practical expedient to aggregate the effect of all contract modifications that occurred before the adoption date.
See Note 6 “Revenues” in the condensed consolidated interim financial statements for additional information regarding revenues.

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Table of Contents

Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents — Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash which requires the Company to include in its cash and cash equivalents balances presented in the statements of cash flows amounts that are deemed to be restricted in nature. As a result of the adoption, the Company restated its condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for all of the prior periods presented. The impact of adoption on the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of cash flows was as follows for the three months ended March 31, 2017:
 
As Reported
 
Restated
 
Effect
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
Prepaid expenses and other assets
$
(79
)
 
$
(2,211
)
 
$
(2,132
)
Net cash provided by operating activities
$
31,228

 
$
29,096

 
$
(2,132
)
Cash flows from investing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Decrease in restricted cash and time deposits, net
$
38

 
$
21

 
$
(17
)
Net cash used in investing activities
$
(5,644
)
 
$
(5,661
)
 
$
(17
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
$
2,928

 
$
2,952

 
$
24

Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
$
36,394

 
$
34,269

 
$
(2,125
)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period
$
362,025

 
$
364,664

 
$
2,639

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period
$
398,419

 
$
398,933

 
$
514

Pending Accounting Standards
From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies that the Company will adopt according to the various timetables the FASB specifies. Unless otherwise discussed below, the Company believes the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows upon adoption.
Leases — Effective January 1, 2019, the Company will be required to adopt the new guidance of ASC Topic 842, Leases (with early adoption permitted effective January 1, 2018.) This amendment supersedes previous accounting guidance (Topic 840) and requires all leases, with the exception of leases with a term of twelve months or less, to be recorded on the balance sheet as lease assets and lease liabilities. The standard requires lessees and lessors to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. The modified retrospective approach includes a number of optional practical expedients that entities may elect to apply. These practical expedients relate to the identification and classification of leases that commenced before the effective date, initial direct costs for leases that commenced before the effective date, and the ability to use hindsight in evaluating lessee options to extend or terminate a lease or to purchase the underlying asset. An entity that elects to apply the practical expedients will, in effect, continue to account for leases that commence before the effective date in accordance with previous GAAP unless the lease is modified, except that lessees are required to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all operating leases at each reporting date based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments that were tracked and disclosed under previous GAAP. The transition guidance in Topic 842 also provides specific guidance for the amounts previously recognized in accordance with the business combinations guidance for leases. The Company has developed a transition plan, which includes making necessary changes to policies, processes, internal controls and system enhancements to generate the information necessary to comply with the new standard. The Company expects to adopt this standard on January 1, 2019. The Company has not yet completed its assessment of the impact of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements or concluded on whether it will elect to apply practical expedients.

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Table of Contents

Derivatives and Hedging — Effective January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted in any interim or annual period, the Company will be required to adopt ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. The new guidance is intended to simplify and amend hedge accounting and reporting to better align and disclose the economic results of an entity’s risk management activities in its financial statements. The ASU makes more financial and non-financial hedging strategies eligible for hedge accounting. It also changes how companies assess effectiveness and amends the presentation and disclosure requirements by eliminating the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness and generally requires companies, for qualifying hedges, to present the entire change in the fair value of a hedging instrument in the same income statement line as the hedged item. The guidance also eases documentation and assessment requirements and modifies the accounting for components excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. The standard requires entities to apply the amended presentation and disclosure guidance prospectively as of the period of adoption. The Company has not yet concluded on when it will adopt the new standard.
Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments — Effective January 1, 2020, the Company will be required to adopt the amended guidance of ASC Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, (with early adoption permitted effective January 1, 2019.) The amendments in this update change how companies measure and recognize credit impairment for many financial assets. The new expected credit loss model will require companies to immediately recognize an estimate of credit losses expected to occur over the remaining life of the financial assets (including trade receivables) that are in the scope of the update. The update also made amendments to the current impairment model for held-to-maturity and available-for-sale debt securities and certain guarantees. Entities are required to adopt the standard using a modified-retrospective approach through a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. The Company has not yet completed its assessment of the impact of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements or concluded on when it will adopt the standard.

2.
ACQUISITIONS
Continuum — On March 15, 2018, the Company acquired all of the outstanding equity of Continuum Innovation LLC together with its subsidiaries (“Continuum”) to enhance the Company’s consulting capabilities as well as its digital and service design practices. Continuum, headquartered in Boston with offices located in Milan, Seoul, and Shanghai, focuses on four practices including strategy, physical and digital design, technology and its Made Real Lab. The acquisition of Continuum added approximately 125 design consultants to the Company’s headcount.
In connection with the Continuum acquisition, the Company paid $52,515 as cash consideration, of which $5,410 was placed in escrow for a period of 9 to 15 months as security for the indemnification obligations of the sellers under the terms of the stock purchase agreement. Furthermore, subject to attainment of specified performance targets in the 12 months after the acquisition, the Company will make a cash earnout payment with a maximum amount payable of $3,135. The Company recorded $2,500 related to this earnout payment as contingent consideration (Note 4 “Fair Value Measurements”).
The following table summarizes the preliminary fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the Continuum acquisition date:
 
 
Amount
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
2,251

Accounts receivable
 
6,676

Unbilled revenues
 
2,463

Prepaid and other current assets
 
942

Goodwill
 
29,805

Intangible assets
 
16,600

Property and equipment and other noncurrent assets
 
8,902

Total assets acquired
 
$
67,639

Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities
 
$
2,991

Due to employees
 
1,001

Long-term debt (Note 5)
 
3,220

Other noncurrent liabilities
 
5,412

Total liabilities assumed
 
$
12,624

Net assets acquired
 
$
55,015

The above estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are provisional and based on the information that was available as of the acquisition date. The Company is gathering additional information necessary to finalize the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The fair values reflected are subject to change and such changes could be significant. The Company expects to finalize the valuation and complete the purchase price allocation as soon as practicable but no later than one year from the acquisition date.
The following table presents the estimated fair values and useful lives of intangible assets acquired during the three months ended March 31, 2018:

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Table of Contents

 
Continuum
 
Weighted Average Useful Life (in years)
 
Amount
Customer relationships
8
 
$
8,500

Trade names
8
 
5,700

Contract royalties
8
 
2,400

Total
 
 
$
16,600

The goodwill recognized as a result of the Continuum acquisition is attributable primarily to strategic and synergistic opportunities related to the consulting business, the assembled workforce of Continuum and other factors. The goodwill is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.
    
Pro forma results of operations have not been presented because the effect of the Continuum acquisition on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements was not material.
3.
GOODWILL
Goodwill by reportable segment was as follows:
 
North America
 
Europe
 
Total
Balance as of December 31, 2017
$
77,290

 
$
42,241

 
$
119,531

Continuum acquisition
29,805

 

 
29,805

Effect of net foreign currency exchange rate changes
(15
)
 
1,016

 
1,001

Balance as of March 31, 2018
$
107,080

 
$
43,257

 
$
150,337

There were no accumulated impairment losses in the North America or Europe reportable segments as of March 31, 2018 or December 31, 2017.
4.
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The Company carries certain liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis on its consolidated balance sheets. The following tables show the fair values of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2018:
 
 
As of March 31, 2018
 
 
Balance
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
Foreign exchange derivative assets
 
$
90

 
$

 
$
90

 
$

Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis
 
$
90

 
$

 
$
90

 
$

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contingent consideration
 
$
2,500

 
$

 
$

 
$
2,500

Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
 
$
2,500

 
$

 
$

 
$
2,500

The Company had no material financial assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2017.

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Table of Contents

As of March 31, 2018, contingent consideration included amounts payable in cash in connection with the acquisition of Continuum completed during the three months ended March 31, 2018 (Note 2 “Acquisitions”). The fair value of the contingent consideration is based on the expected future payments to be made to the sellers of the acquired business in accordance with the provisions outlined in the purchase agreement. In determining fair value, the Company considered a variety of factors, including future performance of the acquired businesses using financial projections developed by the Company and market risk assumptions that were derived for revenue growth and earnings before interest and taxes. The Company estimated future payments using the earnout formula and performance targets specified in the purchase agreement and adjusted those estimates to reflect the probability of their achievement. Those future payments were then discounted to present value using the Company’s cost of debt. The Company believes its estimates and assumptions are reasonable; however, there is significant judgment involved. Changes in financial projections, market risk assumptions, discount rates or probability assumptions related to achieving the various earnout criteria would result in a change in the fair value of the recorded contingent liability. Such changes, if any, are recorded within Interest and other (loss)/income, net in the Company’s consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.
During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company implemented a hedging program whereby it entered into a series of foreign exchange forward contracts that are designated as cash flow hedges of forecasted Russian ruble and Indian rupee transactions. The program was immaterial to the condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2018.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of acquisition-related contractual contingent liabilities using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three months ended March 31, 2018 is as follows:
 
 
Amount
Contractual contingent liabilities at December 31, 2017
 
$

Acquisition date fair value of contractual contingent liabilities — Continuum (Note 2)
 
2,500

Contractual contingent liabilities at March 31, 2018
 
$
2,500

Estimates of fair value of financial instruments not carried at fair value on a recurring basis on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets are generally subjective in nature, and are determined as of a specific point in time based on the characteristics of the financial instruments and relevant market information. The Company uses the following methods to estimate the fair values of its financial instruments:
for financial instruments that have quoted market prices, those quoted prices are used to estimate fair value;
for financial instruments for which no quoted market prices are available, fair value is estimated using information obtained from independent third parties, or by discounting the expected cash flows using an estimated current market interest rate for the financial instrument;
for financial instruments for which no quoted market prices are available and that have no defined maturity, have a remaining maturity of 360 days or less, or reprice frequently to a market rate, the Company assumes that the fair value of these instruments approximates their reported value, after taking into consideration any applicable credit risk.
The generally short duration of certain of the Company’s assets and liabilities results in a number of assets and liabilities for which fair value equals or closely approximates the amount recorded on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. These types of assets and liabilities which are reported on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets include:
cash and cash equivalents;
time deposits and restricted cash;
employee loans;
borrowings under 2017 Credit Facility (Note 5 “Long-Term Debt”).
The fair value of employee housing loans is estimated using information on the rates of return that market participants in Belarus would require when investing in unsecured U.S. dollar-denominated government bonds with similar maturities (a “risk-free rate”), after taking into consideration any applicable credit and liquidity risk.
The following tables present the reported amounts and estimated fair values of the financial assets and liabilities for which disclosure of fair value is required, as they would be categorized within the fair value hierarchy, as of the dates indicated:

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Table of Contents

 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair Value Hierarchy
 
 
Balance
 
Estimated Fair Value
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
March 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
535,857

 
$
535,857

 
$
535,857

 
$

 
$

Restricted cash
 
$
1,220

 
$
1,220

 
$
1,220

 
$

 
$

Employee loans
 
$
3,950

 
$
3,950

 
$

 
$

 
$
3,950

Financial Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Borrowings under 2017 Credit Facility
 
$
25,020

 
$
25,020

 
$

 
$
25,020

 
$

 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair Value Hierarchy
 
 
Balance
 
Estimated Fair Value
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
582,585

 
$
582,585

 
$
582,585

 
$

 
$

Time deposits and restricted cash
 
$
673

 
$
673

 
$

 
$
673

 
$

Employee loans
 
$
4,210

 
$
4,210

 
$

 
$

 
$
4,210

Financial Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Borrowings under 2017 Credit Facility

 
$
25,009

 
$
25,009

 
$

 
$
25,009

 
$

5.
LONG-TERM DEBT
Revolving Line of Credit — On May 24, 2017, the Company entered into an unsecured credit facility (the “2017 Credit Facility”) with PNC Bank, National Association; PNC Capital Markets LLC; Wells Fargo Bank, National Association; Santander Bank, N.A.; Fifth Third Bank and Citibank N.A. (collectively the “Lenders”). The 2017 Credit Facility provides for a borrowing capacity of $300,000, with potential to increase the credit facility up to $400,000 if certain conditions are met. The 2017 Credit Facility matures on May 24, 2022.
Borrowings under the 2017 Credit Facility may be denominated in U.S. dollars or up to a maximum of $100,000 equivalent in British pounds sterling, Canadian dollars, euros or Swiss francs or other currencies as may be approved by the administrative agent and the Lenders. Borrowings under the 2017 Credit Facility bear interest at either a base rate or Euro-rate plus a margin based on the Company’s leverage ratio. The base rate is equal to the highest of (a) the Overnight Bank Funding Rate, plus 0.5%, (b) the Prime Rate, and (c) the Daily LIBOR Rate, plus 1.0%. As of March 31, 2018, the Company’s outstanding borrowings are subject to a LIBOR-based interest rate which resets regularly at issuance, based on lending terms.
The 2017 Credit Facility includes customary business and financial covenants that may restrict the Company’s ability to make or pay dividends (other than certain intercompany dividends) if a potential or an actual event of default has occurred or would be triggered. As of March 31, 2018, the Company was in compliance with all covenants contained in the 2017 Credit Facility.
The following table presents the outstanding debt and borrowing capacity of the Company under the 2017 Credit Facility:
 
As of  
 March 31, 
 2018
 
As of  
 December 31, 
 2017
Outstanding debt
$
25,000

 
$
25,000

Interest rate
2.9
%
 
2.6
%
Irrevocable standby letters of credit
$
358

 
$
1,294

Available borrowing capacity
$
274,642

 
$
273,706

Current maximum borrowing capacity
$
300,000

 
$
300,000

As part of the acquisition of Continuum, the Company assumed $3,448 of long-term debt associated with a leased facility and payable to Continuum’s landlord. The debt was payable in monthly installments through March 2029 and bore interest at a rate of 8% per annum. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company paid $3,448 to settle this assumed long-term debt.
6.
REVENUES
Adoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” and Change in Accounting Policies
Effective January 1, 2018 the company adopted ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) as amended. The Company adopted the new guidance using the modified retrospective method by recognizing the cumulative effect of adoption as an adjustment to retained earnings as of January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with Topic 605. The impact of adoption of the new guidance on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of January 1, 2018 are presented in Note 1 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.”

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Table of Contents

The Company recognizes revenues when control of goods or services is passed to a customer in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Such control may be transferred over time or at a point in time depending on satisfaction of obligations stipulated by the contract. Consideration expected to be received may consist of both fixed and variable components and is allocated to each separately identifiable performance obligation based on the performance obligation’s relative standalone selling price. Variable consideration is usually presented in the form of cash incentives or credits. Determining the estimated amount of such variable consideration involves assumptions and judgment that can have an impact on the amount of revenue reported.
The Company derives its revenues from a variety of service offerings, which represent specific competencies of its IT professionals. Fees for these contracts may be in the form of time-and-materials or fixed-price arrangements. The majority of the Company’s revenues are generated under time-and-material contracts which are billed using hourly, daily or monthly rates to determine the amounts to be charged directly to the client. The Company applies a practical expedient and revenue related to time-and-material contracts is recognized based on the Company’s right to invoice for services performed.
Fixed-price contracts include maintenance and support arrangements, which may exceed one year in duration, as well as application development arrangements. Maintenance and support arrangements generally relate to the provision of ongoing services. Revenues for such agreements are recognized ratably over the expected service period. Application development arrangements are accounted for using input or output methods for measuring the progress towards satisfaction of the performance obligation. Input methods are used only when there is a direct correlation between hours incurred and the end product delivered. Assumptions, risks and uncertainties inherent in the estimates used to measure progress could affect the amount of revenues, receivables and deferred revenues at each reporting period. Revenues from licenses which have significant stand-alone functionality are recognized at a point in time when control of the license is transferred to the customer. Revenues from licenses which do not have stand-alone functionality are recognized over time.
If there is an uncertainty about the receipt of payment for the services, revenue is deferred until the uncertainty is sufficiently resolved. The Company applies a practical expedient and does not assess the existence of a significant financing component if the period between when the Company transfers the service to a customer and when the customer pays for that service is one year or less.
The Company reports gross reimbursable “out-of-pocket” expenses incurred as both revenues and cost of revenues in the condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.
The following table summarizes the impacts of changes in accounting policies after adoption of Topic 606 on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2018, which primarily resulted from deferring the timing of revenue recognition for contracts that was previously recognized on a cash basis and recognizing revenues from certain license agreements at a point-in-time rather than over time:
 
As Reported
 
Balances Without Adoption of Topic 606
 
Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)
Balance Sheet
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred tax assets
$
48,170

 
$
48,031

 
$
139

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
  Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
$
56,701

 
$
55,988

 
$
713

Stockholders’ equity
 
 
 
 
 
  Retained earnings
$
583,695

 
$
584,269

 
$
(574
)
 
As Reported
 
Balances Without Adoption of Topic 606
 
Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)
Income Statement
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
$
424,148

 
$
424,861

 
$
(713
)
Income from operations
$
48,697

 
$
49,410

 
$
(713
)
Provision for income taxes
$
(16,519
)
 
$
(16,658
)
 
$
(139
)
Net income
$
64,418

 
$
64,992

 
$
(574
)

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Table of Contents

Disaggregation of Revenues
The following table show the disaggregation of the Company’s revenues by major client location, including a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenue with the reportable segments (Note 11 “Segment Information”) for the three months ended March 31, 2018:
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
Reportable Segments
North America
 
Europe
 
Russia
 
Total Segment Revenue
 
Other Income Included in Segment Revenues
 
Consolidated Revenues
Client Locations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
North America
$
226,070

 
$
13,361

 
$
15

 
$
239,446

 
$

 
$
239,446

Europe
2,740

 
150,480

 
42

 
153,262

 
(177
)
 
153,085

CIS
2,003

 
63

 
19,714

 
21,780

 

 
21,780

APAC
383

 
9,439

 
15

 
9,837

 

 
9,837

        Revenues
$
231,196

 
$
173,343

 
$
19,786

 
$
424,325

 
$
(177
)
 
$
424,148

The following table show the disaggregation of the Company’s revenues by industry vertical, including a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenue with the reportable segments (Note 11 “Segment Information”) for the three months ended March 31, 2018:
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
Reportable Segments
North America
 
Europe
 
Russia
 
Total Segment Revenue
 
Other Income Included in Segment Revenues
 
Consolidated Revenues
Industry Vertical
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Services
$
21,956

 
$
65,818

 
$
16,225

 
$
103,999

 
$
(177
)
 
$
103,822

Travel & Consumer
40,687

 
49,454

 
1,673

 
91,814

 

 
91,814

Software & Hi-Tech
60,564

 
20,294

 
764

 
81,622

 

 
81,622

Business Information & Media

57,337

 
18,870

 

 
76,207

 

 
76,207

Life Sciences & Healthcare
27,467

 
4,823

 

 
32,290

 

 
32,290

Emerging Verticals
23,185

 
14,084

 
1,124

 
38,393

 

 
38,393

        Revenues
$
231,196

 
$
173,343

 
$
19,786

 
$
424,325

 
$
(177
)
 
$
424,148

The following table show the disaggregation of the Company’s revenues by contract type including a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenue with the Company’s reportable segments (Note 11 “Segment Information”) for the three months ended March 31, 2018:
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
Reportable Segments
North America
 
Europe
 
Russia
 
Total Segment Revenue
 
Other Income Included in Segment Revenues
 
Consolidated Revenues
Contract Type
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Time-and-material
$
214,316

 
$
159,466

 
$
10,096

 
$
383,878

 
$

 
$
383,878

Fixed-price
15,992

 
12,953

 
9,672

 
38,617

 

 
38,617

Licensing
662

 
619

 
10

 
1,291

 

 
1,291

Other revenues
226

 
305

 
8

 
539

 
(177
)
 
362

        Revenues
$
231,196

 
$
173,343

 
$
19,786

 
$
424,325

 
$
(177
)
 
$
424,148


Timing of Revenue Recognition
The following table shows the timing of revenue recognition:

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Table of Contents

 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
Reportable Segments
North America
 
Europe
 
Russia
 
Total Segment Revenue
 
Other Income Included in Segment Revenues
 
Consolidated Revenues
Timing of Revenue Recognition
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Transferred at a point of time
$
344

 
$
428

 
$
10

 
$
782

 
$
(177
)
 
$
605

Transferred over time
230,852

 
172,915

 
19,776

 
423,543

 

 
423,543

        Revenues
$
231,196

 
$
173,343

 
$
19,786

 
$
424,325

 
$
(177
)
 
$
424,148

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company recognized $5,404 of revenues from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods.
The following table includes the estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are partially or fully unsatisfied as of March 31, 2018. The Company applies a practical expedient and does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts that (i) have an original expected duration of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which it recognizes revenue at the amount to which it has the right to invoice for services provided:
 
Less than 1 year
 
1 Year
 
2 Years
 
3 Years
 
Total
Contract Type
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed-price
$
11,704

 
$
962

 
$
142

 
$
34

 
$
12,842

The Company applies a practical expedient and does not disclose the amount of the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations nor provide an explanation of when the Company expects to recognize that amount as revenue.
Contract Balances
The following table provides information on the classification of contract assets and liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets:
 
As of  
 March 31, 
 2018
 
As of  
 December 31, 
 2017
Contract assets included in Unbilled revenues
$
15,384

 
$
7,901

Contract liabilities included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
$
8,477

 
$
4,498

Contract assets included in Unbilled revenues are recorded when services have been provided but the Company does not have an unconditional right to receive consideration. The Company recognizes an impairment loss when the contract carrying amount is greater than the remaining consideration receivable, less directly related costs to be incurred. Contract assets have increased from December 31, 2017 due to seasonality related to contracts with customers covering calendar year periods.
Contract liabilities comprise amounts billed to its clients for revenues not yet earned. Such amounts are anticipated to be recorded as revenues when services are performed in subsequent periods. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company recognized $1,624 of revenue that was included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities at the beginning of the period.

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Table of Contents

7.
INCOME TAXES
In determining its interim (benefit from)/provision for income taxes, the Company uses an estimated annual effective tax rate, which is based on expected annual profit before tax, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available in the various jurisdictions in which the Company operates. Certain significant or unusual items are separately recognized in the quarter in which they occur and can be a source of variability in the effective tax rates from quarter to quarter.
The Company’s worldwide effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was (34.5)% and 17.3%, respectively. The interim benefit from income taxes in the three months ended March 31, 2018 was favorably impacted by the recognition of $24,634 of net deferred tax assets as a result of the election to disregard as separate entities for U.S. tax purposes certain foreign subsidiaries of the Company as well as the reduction in the U.S corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. In addition, the Company recorded excess tax benefits upon vesting or exercise of stock-based awards in the period of $4,690 and $1,695 during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Due to the timing of the enactment and the complexity involved in applying the provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“U.S. Tax Act”), the Company has made reasonable estimates of the effects and recorded provisional amounts in its interim financial statements as of March 31, 2018. As the Company collects and prepares necessary data and interprets the U.S. Tax Act and any additional guidance issued by the U.S. Treasury Department, the IRS, and other standard-setting bodies, and further refines the calculations, the Company may make adjustments to the provisional amounts recorded. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company further refined its estimate and recorded a provisional $2,157 increase in its income taxes payable associated with the one-time transition tax on accumulated foreign subsidiary earnings not previously subject to U.S. income tax which now totals $66,478. Of this amount, $61,332 is classified as Taxes payable, noncurrent as of March 31, 2018. The Company expects to complete its analysis during the second half of 2018. Any adjustments during this measurement period will be included in the provision for income taxes in the reporting period when such adjustments are determined.
The U.S. Tax Act subjects a U.S. shareholder to global intangible low-taxed income tax (“GILTI”) earned by certain foreign subsidiaries. The FASB Staff Q&A, Topic 740, No. 5, Accounting for Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income, states that an entity can make an accounting policy election to either recognize deferred taxes for temporary basis differences expected to reverse as GILTI in future years or provide for the tax expense related to GILTI in the year the tax is incurred. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company elected to provide for the tax expense related to GILTI in the year the tax is incurred. This election did not have a material impact on the interim financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

8.
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
The following table summarizes the components of stock-based compensation expense recognized in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
 
2018
 
2017
Cost of revenues
$
8,289

 
$
5,350

Selling, general and administrative expenses - Acquisition related

 
4,574

Selling, general and administrative expenses - All other
8,307

 
5,852

Total
$
16,596

 
$
15,776

Stock Options

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Table of Contents

Stock option activity under the Company’s plans is set forth below:
 
Number of
Options 
 
Weighted Average
Exercise Price 
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value 
 
Weighted Average
Remaining Contractual Term (in years)
Options outstanding at January 1, 2018
4,901,748

 
$
40.91

 
 
 
 
Options granted
153,204

 
$
112.62

 
 
 
 
Options exercised
(198,936
)
 
$
38.45

 
 
 
 
Options forfeited/cancelled
(20,333
)
 
$
64.43

 
 
 
 
Options outstanding at March 31, 2018
4,835,683

 
$
43.18

 
$
344,937

 
6.1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Options vested and exercisable at March 31, 2018
3,884,351

 
$
35.74

 
$
305,998

 
5.6
Options expected to vest at March 31, 2018
883,899

 
$
73.13

 
$
36,587

 
8.0
As of March 31, 2018, $23,092 of total remaining unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to unvested stock options, net of estimated forfeitures, is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average remaining requisite service period of 2.2 years.
As of March 31, 2018, a total of 12,329 shares underlying options exercised through March 31, 2018, were in transfer with the Company’s transfer agent.
Effective January 1, 2018 the Company changed the methodology for estimating volatility used in the Black-Scholes option valuation model. Prior to January 1, 2018, the Company estimated the volatility of its common stock by using historical volatility of peer public companies including the Company’s historical volatility. In the first quarter of 2018, the Company began exclusively using its own historical volatility as it believes this is a more accurate estimate of future volatility of the price of the Company’s common stock. The Company did not change the methodology for estimating any other Black-Scholes option valuation model assumptions as disclosed in Note 13 “Stock-Based Compensation” to the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.

Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units
Service-Based Awards
The table below summarizes activity related to the Company’s equity-classified and liability-classified service-based awards for the three months ended March 31, 2018.
 
Equity-Classified
 Restricted Stock
 
Equity-Classified
Equity-Settled
Restricted Stock Units
 
Liability-Classified
Cash-Settled
Restricted Stock Units
 
Number of
Shares 
 
Weighted Average Grant Date
Fair Value Per Share 
 
Number of
Shares 
 
Weighted Average Grant Date
Fair Value Per Share 
 
Number of
Shares 
 
Weighted Average Grant Date
Fair Value Per Share 
Unvested service-based awards outstanding at January 1, 2018
1,840

 
$
54.37

 
688,012

 
$
71.60

 
314,829

 
$
72.50

Awards granted

 
$

 
322,317

 
$
113.92

 
85,218

 
$
112.63

Awards modified

 
$

 
(2,256
)
 
$
72.04

 
2,256

 
$
116.75

Awards vested

 
$

 
(186,327
)
 
$
69.11

 
(83,676
)
 
$
72.02

Awards forfeited/cancelled

 
$

 
(13,401
)
 
$
72.60

 
(2,532
)
 
$
72.34

Unvested service-based awards outstanding at March 31, 2018
1,840

 
$
54.37

 
808,345

 
$
89.03

 
316,095

 
$
83.76

As of March 31, 2018, $68 of total remaining unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to service-based restricted stock is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average remaining requisite service period of 1.4 years.

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Table of Contents

As of March 31, 2018, $59,840 of total remaining unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to service-based equity-classified restricted stock units (“RSUs”), net of estimated forfeitures, is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average remaining requisite service period of 3.2 years. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, 44,228 RSUs were granted in connection with the acquisition of Continuum.
As of March 31, 2018, $29,731 of total remaining unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to service-based liability-classified RSUs, net of estimated forfeitures, is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average remaining requisite service period of 3.0 years.
The liability associated with the service-based liability-classified RSUs as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, was $1,224 and $5,964, respectively, and was classified as Deferred compensation due to employees in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Performance-Based Awards
The table below summarizes activity related to the Company’s equity-classified performance-based awards for the three months ended March 31, 2018.
 
Equity-Classified
Equity-Settled
Restricted Stock Units
 
Number of
Shares 
 
Weighted Average Grant Date
Fair Value Per Share 
Unvested performance-based awards outstanding at January 1, 2018

 
$

Awards granted
45,375

 
$
121.75

Awards vested

 
$

Awards forfeited/cancelled

 
$

Unvested performance-based awards outstanding at March 31, 2018
45,375

 
$
121.75

As of March 31, 2018, $5,439 of total remaining unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to performance-based equity-classified restricted stock units is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average remaining requisite service period of 2.3 years.
Performance-based equity-classified RSUs were granted during the period in connection with the acquisition of Continuum and have a variable vesting period, subject to satisfaction of the applicable performance conditions with each vesting portion having its own service inception date. The Company will periodically assess the probability of achievement of the performance criteria and adjust the amount of compensation expense accordingly. Compensation is recognized over the vesting period and adjusted for the probability of achievement of the performance criteria for each vesting portion separately.
9.
EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period increased to include the number of additional shares of common stock that would have been outstanding if the potentially dilutive securities had been issued. Potentially dilutive securities include outstanding stock options, unvested restricted stock and unvested equity-settled RSUs. The dilutive effect of potentially dilutive securities is reflected in diluted earnings per share by application of the treasury stock method.

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Table of Contents

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share of common stock as follows:
 
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
 
2018
 
2017
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share:
 
 
 
Net income
$
64,418

 
$
23,641

Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share
$
64,418

 
$
23,641

 
 
 
 
Denominator:
 

 
 

Weighted average common shares for basic earnings per share
53,078,529

 
50,958,089

Net effect of dilutive stock options, restricted stock units and restricted stock awards
3,162,010

 
2,930,658

Weighted average common shares for diluted earnings per share
56,240,539

 
53,888,747

 
 
 
 
Net income per share:
 

 
 

Basic
$
1.21

 
$
0.46

Diluted
$
1.15

 
$
0.44

The number of shares underlying equity–based awards that was excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share as their effect would be anti–dilutive was 53,230 and 2,271,877 during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
10.
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Indemnification Obligations  In the normal course of business, the Company is a party to a variety of agreements under which it may be obligated to indemnify the other party for certain matters. These obligations typically arise in contracts where the Company customarily agrees to hold the other party harmless against losses arising from a breach of representations or covenants for certain matters such as title to assets and intellectual property rights associated with certain arrangements. The duration of these indemnifications varies, and in certain cases, is indefinite.
The Company is unable to reasonably estimate the maximum potential amount of future payments under these or similar agreements due to the unique facts and circumstances of each agreement and the fact that certain indemnifications provide for no limitation to the maximum potential future payments under the indemnification. Management is not aware of any such matters that would have a material effect on the condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company.
Litigation — From time to time, the Company is involved in litigation, claims or other contingencies arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company accrues a liability when a loss is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. When a material loss contingency is reasonably possible but not probable, the Company does not record a liability, but instead discloses the nature and the amount of the claim, and an estimate of the loss or range of loss, if such an estimate can be made. Legal fees are expensed as incurred. In the opinion of management, the outcome of any existing claims and legal or regulatory proceedings, if decided adversely, is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

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Table of Contents

11.
SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company determines its business segments and reports segment information in accordance with how the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) organizes the segments to evaluate performance, allocate resources and make business decisions. Segment results are based on the segment’s revenues and operating profit, where segment operating profit is defined as income from operations before unallocated costs. Generally, operating expenses for each reportable segment have similar characteristics and are subject to similar factors, pressures and challenges. Expenses included in segment operating profit consist principally of direct selling and delivery costs as well as an allocation of certain shared services expenses. Certain corporate expenses are not allocated to specific segments as these expenses are not directly attributable to or controllable at the segment level. Such expenses include certain types of professional fees and recruitment and development expenses, non-corporate taxes, compensations to non-employee directors and certain other general and administrative expenses, including compensation of specific groups of non-production employees. In addition, the Company does not allocate amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets, goodwill and other assets impairment charges, stock-based compensation expenses, acquisition-related costs and certain other one-time charges. These unallocated amounts are combined with total segment operating profit to arrive at consolidated income from operations as reported below in the reconciliation of segment operating profit to consolidated income before provision for income taxes.
The Company manages its business primarily based on the managerial responsibility for its client base. As managerial responsibility for a particular client relationship generally correlates with the client’s geographic location, there is a high degree of similarity between client locations and the geographic boundaries of the Company’s reportable segments. In some cases, managerial responsibility for a particular client is assigned to a management team in another region and is usually based on the strength of the relationship between client executives and particular members of EPAM’s senior management team. In such cases, the client’s activity would be reported through the management team’s reportable segment.
Revenues from external customers and operating profit, before unallocated expenses, by reportable segments for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, were as follows:
 
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
 
2018
 
2017
Segment revenues:
 
 
 
North America
$
231,196

 
$
178,303

Europe
173,343

 
132,707

Russia
19,786

 
13,693

Total segment revenues
$
424,325

 
$
324,703

Segment operating profit:
 

 
 

North America
$
43,960

 
$
37,092

Europe
28,890

 
19,811

Russia
5,347

 
3,549

Total segment operating profit
$
78,197

 
$
60,452

Intersegment transactions were excluded from the above on the basis that they are neither included in the measure of a segment’s profit and loss results, nor considered by the CODM during the review of segment results.
There were no customers that accounted for more than 10% of total revenues during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.
Accounts receivable and unbilled revenues are generally dispersed across the Company’s clients in proportion to their revenues. As of December 31, 2017, unbilled revenues from one customer, individually exceeded 10% and accounted for 13.0% of total unbilled revenues. There were no customers individually exceeding 10% of total unbilled revenues as of March 31, 2018. There were no customers individually exceeding 10% of total accounts receivable as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
Reconciliation of segment revenues to consolidated revenues and segment operating profit to consolidated income before provision for income taxes is presented below:

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Table of Contents

 
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
 
2018
 
2017
Total segment revenues
$
424,325

 
$
324,703

Other income included in segment revenues
(177
)
 
(52
)
Revenues
$
424,148

 
$
324,651

 
 
 
 
Total segment operating profit:
$
78,197

 
$
60,452

Unallocated amounts:
 
 
 
Other income included in segment revenues
(177
)
 
(52
)
Stock-based compensation expense
(16,596
)
 
(15,776
)
Non-corporate taxes
(2,560
)
 
(3,451
)
Professional fees
(1,916
)
 
(2,344
)
Depreciation and amortization expense
(1,769
)
 
(1,975
)
Bank charges
(589
)
 
(397
)
One-time charges and other acquisition-related expenses
(620
)
 
(568
)
Other operating expenses
(5,273
)
 
(4,923
)
Income from operations
48,697

 
30,966

Interest and other (loss)/income, net
(551
)
 
584

Foreign exchange loss
(247
)
 
(2,955
)
Income before provision for income taxes
$
47,899

 
$
28,595

Geographic Area Information
Long-lived assets include property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Geographical information about the Company’s long-lived assets based on physical location of the assets is presented below:
 
As of  
 March 31, 
 2018
 
As of  
 December 31, 
 2017
Belarus
$
48,605

 
$
49,866

United States
11,516

 
3,371

Russia
11,034

 
9,617

Ukraine
6,569

 
6,995

India
4,127

 
2,698

Hungary
3,848

 
3,901

China
3,707

 
2,608

Other
7,419

 
7,363

Total
$
96,825

 
$
86,419


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The table below presents information about the Company’s revenues by client location for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.
 
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
 
2018
 
2017
United States
$
223,683

 
$
176,830

United Kingdom
51,730

 
46,594

Switzerland
35,604

 
29,096

Germany
19,488

 
12,094

Russia
19,412

 
13,209

Netherlands
17,649

 
8,671

Canada
15,763

 
12,494

Other locations
40,819

 
25,663

Total
$
424,148

 
$
324,651

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 and the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this quarterly report. In addition to historical information, this discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from management’s expectations. Factors that could cause such differences are discussed in the sections entitled “Forward-Looking Statements” in this item and “Part II. Item 1A. Risk Factors.” We assume no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements.
In this quarterly report, “EPAM,” “EPAM Systems, Inc.,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to EPAM Systems, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
Executive Summary
We are a leading global provider of digital platform engineering and software development services offering specialized technological solutions to many of the world’s leading organizations.
Our clients depend on us to solve their complex technical challenges and rely on our expertise in core engineering, advanced technology, digital engagement and intelligent enterprise development. We are continuously venturing into new industries to expand our core industry client base in software and technology, financial services, business information and media, travel and hospitality, retail and distribution, and life sciences and healthcare. Our teams of developers, architects, strategists, engineers, designers, and product experts have the capabilities and skill sets to deliver business results.
Our global delivery model and centralized support functions, combined with the benefits of scale from the shared use of fixed-cost resources, enhance our productivity levels and enable us to better manage the efficiency of our global operations. As a result, we have created a delivery base whereby our applications, tools, methodologies and infrastructure allow us to seamlessly deliver services and solutions from our delivery centers to global clients across all geographies, further strengthening our relationships with them.
Through increased specialization in focused verticals and a continued emphasis on strategic partnerships, we are leveraging our roots in software engineering to grow as a recognized brand in software development and end-to-end digital transformation services for our clients.

Year-to-Date 2018 Developments and Trends
We began 2018 with a strong start as reflected in our results and the continued execution of our strategy. During the first three months of 2018, our revenues were $424.1 million, an increase of 30.6% over $324.7 million reported for the same period of 2017. Our performance remained strong across our key verticals, led by the Financial Services vertical which grew 38.4% during the first three months of 2018 as compared to the same period of 2017.

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Results for the three months ended March 31, 2018 were favorably impacted by the recognition of $24,634 of net deferred tax assets as a result of the election to disregard as separate entities for U.S. tax purposes certain foreign subsidiaries of the Company.
We have built a diversified portfolio across numerous verticals, geographies and service offerings. Our account management teams work to expand the scope and size of our engagements with existing customers while at the same time we grow our customer base through our business development efforts and our strategic acquisitions. On March 15, 2018, we completed the acquisition of Continuum, an innovation design firm. The acquisition strengthens EPAM’s innovation consulting capabilities and enhances our existing digital and service design practices. 
Summary of Results of Operations
The following table presents a summary of our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:
 
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
(in thousands, except per share data and percentages)
Revenues
$
424,148

 
100.0
%
 
$
324,651

 
100.0
%
Income from operations
$
48,697

 
11.5
%
 
$
30,966

 
9.5
%
Net income
$
64,418

 
15.2
%
 
$
23,641

 
7.3
%
Effective tax rate
(34.5
)%
 
 
 
17.3
%
 
 
Diluted earnings per share
$
1.15

 
 
 
$
0.44

 


The key highlights of our consolidated results for the three months ended March 31, 2018, as compared to the corresponding period of 2017, were as follows:
Revenues for the first quarter of 2018 were $424.1 million, or a 30.6% increase from $324.7 million reported in the same period last year, aided by $15.0 million or 4.6% due to improved foreign currency exchange rates as compared to the corresponding period last year.
Income from operations grew 57.3% to $48.7 million from $31.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018, as compared to the corresponding period in 2017. Expressed as a percentage of revenues, income from operations for the first quarter of 2018 was 11.5% compared to 9.5% in the first quarter last year. The increase was primarily driven by an improvement in selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue partially offset by a decrease in gross margin as compared to the same period last year.
Our effective tax rate was (34.5)% in the first quarter of 2018 compared to 17.3% in the first quarter of last year. The interim (benefit from)/provision for income taxes in the three months ended March 31, 2018 was favorably impacted by the recognition of $24.6 million of net deferred tax assets as a result of the election to disregard as separate entities for U.S. tax purposes certain foreign subsidiaries of the Company.
Net income increased 172.5% to $64.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018, compared to $23.6 million reported in the corresponding period last year. Expressed as a percentage of revenues, net income was 15.2%, an increase of 7.9% compared to 7.3% reported in the corresponding period of 2017. This was largely driven by the improved effective tax rate in the first quarter of 2018 as well as the improvement in income from operations as a percentage of revenue.
Diluted earnings per share increased by $0.71 to $1.15 in the first quarter of 2018 compared to the first quarter of 2017.
Cash provided by operations decreased $21.8 million, or 74.8%, to $7.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the corresponding period last year. This was largely driven by the payout of a higher level of variable compensation related to 2017 performance and an increase in days sales in accounts receivable and unbilled revenues during the first quarter of 2018 as compared to the corresponding period last year.
The operating results in any period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period.
Critical Accounting Policies


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The discussion and analysis of our financial position and results of operations is based on our condensed consolidated financial statements which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments that may affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On a recurring basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition and related allowances, impairments of long-lived assets including intangible assets and goodwill, income taxes including the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, and stock-based compensation. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions. In addition, our reported financial condition and results of operations could vary due to a change in the application of a particular accounting standard.
Other than as discussed below, there have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies or in the underlying accounting assumptions and estimates used in such policies in the three months ended March 31, 2018. For further information, refer to our summary of significant accounting policies and estimates in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed for the year ended December 31, 2017.
Revenues — The Company recognizes revenues when control of goods or services is passed to a customer in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Such control may be transferred over time or at a point in time depending on satisfaction of obligations stipulated by the contract. Consideration expected to be received may consist of both fixed and variable components and is allocated to each separately identifiable performance obligation based on the performance obligation’s relative standalone selling price. Variable consideration is usually presented in the form of cash incentives or credits. Determining the estimated amount of such variable consideration involves assumptions and judgment that can have an impact on the amount of revenue reported.
We derives our revenues from a variety of service offerings, which represent specific competencies of our IT professionals. Fees for these contracts may be in the form of time-and-materials or fixed-price arrangements. The majority of our revenues are generated under time-and-material contracts which are billed using hourly, daily or monthly rates to determine the amounts to be charged directly to the client. We apply a practical expedient and revenue related to time-and-material contracts is recognized based on the right to invoice for services performed.
Fixed-price contracts include maintenance and support arrangements, which may exceed one year in duration, as well as application development arrangements. Maintenance and support arrangements generally relate to the provision of ongoing services. Revenues for such agreements are recognized ratably over the expected service period. Application development arrangements are accounted for using input or output methods for measuring the progress towards satisfaction of the performance obligation. Input methods are used only when there is a direct correlation between hours incurred and the end product delivered. Assumptions, risks and uncertainties inherent in the estimates used to measure progress could affect the amount of revenues, receivables and deferred revenues at each reporting period. Revenues from licenses which have significant stand-alone functionality are recognized at a point in time when control of the license is transferred to the customer. Revenues from licenses which do not have stand-alone functionality are recognized over time.
If there is an uncertainty about the receipt of payment for the services, revenue is deferred until the uncertainty is sufficiently resolved. We apply a practical expedient and do not assess the existence of a significant financing component if the period between when we transfer the service to a customer and when the customer pays for that service is one year or less.
EPAM reports gross reimbursable “out-of-pocket” expenses incurred as both revenues and cost of revenues in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.
Stock-Based Compensation Effective January 1, 2018 we changed the methodology for estimating volatility used in the Black-Scholes option valuation model. Prior to January 1, 2018, we estimated the volatility of our common stock by using historical volatility of peer public companies including the Company’s historical volatility. In the first quarter of 2018, we began exclusively using our own historical volatility as we believe this is a more accurate estimate of future volatility of the price of EPAM’s common stock. We did not change the methodology for estimating any other Black-Scholes option valuation model assumptions as disclosed in Note 13 “Stock-Based Compensation” in the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth a summary of our consolidated results of operations for the periods indicated. This information should be read together with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this quarterly report. The operating results in any period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period.

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Table of Contents

 
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
Revenues
$
424,148

 
100.0
 %
 
$
324,651

 
100.0
 %
Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)(1)
277,634

 
65.5
 %
 
207,730

 
64.0
 %
  Selling, general and administrative expenses(2)
87,777

 
20.7
 %
 
78,453

 
24.2
 %
  Depreciation and amortization expense
8,176

 
1.9
 %
 
6,672

 
2.1
 %
  Other operating expenses, net
1,864

 
0.4
 %
 
830

 
0.2
 %
Income from operations
48,697

 
11.5
 %
 
30,966

 
9.5
 %
Interest and other (loss)/income, net
(551
)
 
(0.1
)%
 
584

 
0.2
 %
Foreign exchange loss
(247
)
 
(0.1
)%
 
(2,955
)
 
(0.9
)%
Income before (benefit from)/provision for income taxes
47,899

 
11.3
 %
 
28,595

 
8.8
 %
(Benefit from)/provision for income taxes
(16,519
)
 
(3.9
)%
 
4,954

 
1.5
 %
Net income
$
64,418

 
15.2
 %
 
$
23,641

 
7.3
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Effective tax rate
(34.5
)%
 
 
 
17.3
%
 
 
Diluted earnings per share
$
1.15

 
 
 
$
0.44

 


 
 
(1)
Includes $8,289 and $5,350 of stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively
(2)
Includes $8,307 and $10,426 of stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively
Consolidated Results Review
Revenues
During the three months ended March 31, 2018, our total revenues grew 30.6% over the corresponding period in 2017 to $424.1 million. This growth is attributable to our ability to retain existing customers and increase the level of services we provide to them and our ability to produce revenues from new customer relationships. We continue expanding our presence in multiple verticals, both organically and through acquisitions. Fluctuations in foreign currency contributed 4.6% revenue growth during the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the corresponding period last year.
Client concentration continued to decrease with revenues from our top five, top ten and top twenty clients each reducing by approximately 3% as a percentage of total revenues as compared to the same period last year.
Revenues by client location for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:
 
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
(in thousands, except percentages)
North America
$
239,446

 
56.5
%
 
$
189,324

 
58.3
%
Europe
153,085

 
36.1
%
 
114,312

 
35.2
%
CIS(1)
21,780

 
5.1
%
 
14,541

 
4.5
%
APAC(1)
9,837

 
2.3
%
 
6,474

 
2.0
%
Revenues
$
424,148

 
100.0
%
 
$
324,651

 
100.0
%
 
 
(1)
CIS, which stands for the Commonwealth of Independent States, includes revenue from Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine. APAC, which stands for Asia Pacific, includes revenue from southeast Asia, India and Australia.
During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the United States continued to be our largest client location with revenues of $223.7 million compared to $176.8 million in the first quarter of 2017.

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The top three revenue contributing European countries were the United Kingdom, Switzerland and Germany contributing $51.7 million, $35.6 million and $19.5 million, respectively, during the three months ended March 31, 2018. Revenues from these three countries were $46.6 million, $29.1 million, and $12.1 million, in the corresponding period last year, respectively. Revenues in the European geography benefited from fluctuations in foreign currencies, particularly the euro and the British pound, in the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to the same period last year.
During the three months ended March 31, 2018, revenues in the CIS geography included $19.4 million in Russia, an increase of $6.2 million over the corresponding period of 2017. The CIS region benefited from currency fluctuations which contributed 3.0% to the growth in reported revenues in this geography in the first quarter of 2018 as compared to the same period last year. Ongoing economic and geo-political uncertainty in the region and the volatility of the Russian ruble can significantly impact reported revenue in this geography. We continue to monitor geo-political forces, economic and trade sanctions, and other issues involving this region.
During the first quarter of 2018, revenues from the APAC region increased by $3.4 million, or 51.9%, over the corresponding period of 2017.
Cost of Revenues (Exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization)
The principal components of our cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) are salaries, bonuses, fringe benefits, stock-based compensation expense, project related travel costs and fees for subcontractors who are assigned to client projects. Salaries and other compensation expenses of our revenue generating professionals are reported as cost of revenues regardless of whether the employees are actually performing client services during a given period. Our employees are a critical asset, necessary for our continued success, and therefore we expect to continue hiring talented employees and providing them with competitive compensation programs.
We manage the utilization levels of our professionals through strategic hiring and efficient staffing of projects. Some of our IT professionals are hired and trained to work for specific clients or on specific projects and some of our offshore development centers are dedicated to specific clients or projects. Our staff utilization also depends on the general economy and its effect on our clients and their business decisions regarding the use of our services.
During the three months ended March 31, 2018, cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) was $277.6 million representing an increase of 33.7% from $207.7 million reported in the corresponding period of 2017. The increase was primarily due to an increase in compensation costs largely driven by the 19.3% growth in the average number of production headcount during the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017 as well as a 5.2% impact from appreciation of foreign currencies. Expressed as a percentage of revenues, cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) was 65.5% and 64.0% in the first quarter of 2018 and 2017, respectively. The year-over-year increase reflects the impact from appreciation of foreign currencies as well as a higher level of accrued variable compensation based on the strong start to the year.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses represent expenses associated with promoting and selling our services and general and administrative functions of our business. These expenses include the costs of salaries and fringe benefits, stock-based compensation, commissions, travel, talent acquisition and development, legal and audit services, insurance, operating leases, advertising and other promotional activities. In addition, we pay a membership fee of 1% of revenues generated in Belarus to the administrative organization of the Belarus Hi-Tech Park.
During the three months ended March 31, 2018, selling, general and administrative expenses were $87.8 million representing an increase of 11.9% as compared to $78.5 million reported in the corresponding period of 2017. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses was driven by a number of factors, including a $7.2 million increase in personnel-related costs excluding stock-based compensation expense and a $3.7 million increase in facilities and infrastructure related expenses to support our growth. These costs were offset by a $4.6 million decrease in acquisition-related stock-based compensation expenses as underlying awards vested during 2017. Expressed as a percentage of revenue, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased 3.5% to 20.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the same period from the prior year primarily due to the increase in revenues in the period.

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Table of Contents

Depreciation and Amortization Expense
During the three months ended March 31, 2018, depreciation and amortization expense was $8.2 million as compared to $6.7 million in the corresponding period last year. The increase in depreciation and amortization expense is primarily the result of increased investment in computer equipment used by our employees. Depreciation and amortization expense includes amortization of acquired intangible assets, all of which have finite useful lives. Expressed as a percentage of revenues, depreciation and amortization expense remained consistent during the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the corresponding period of 2017.

27

Table of Contents

Interest and Other (Loss)/Income, Net
Interest and other (loss)/income, net includes interest earned on cash and cash equivalents and employee housing loans, gains and losses from financial instruments, and interest expense related to our revolving credit facility. There were no material changes in interest and other (loss)/income, net, during the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017.
(Benefit from)/provision for Income Taxes
Determining the consolidated provision for income tax expense, deferred income tax assets and liabilities and related valuation allowances, if any, involves judgment. In determining our quarterly provision for income taxes, we use an estimated annual effective tax rate which is based on expected annual profit before tax, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available in the various jurisdictions in which we operate. Certain significant or unusual items are separately recognized in the quarter in which they occur and can be a source of variability in the effective tax rates from quarter to quarter. We also consider other factors that may contribute, favorably or unfavorably, to the overall effective tax rate in 2018 and beyond. These factors include statutory tax rate changes proposed in the countries that are part of our geographic footprint and excess tax benefits upon vesting or exercise of equity awards. 
As a global company, we are required to calculate and provide for income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. Our effective tax rate was (34.5)% for the three months ended March 31, 2018, and 17.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The interim benefit from income taxes in the three months ended March 31, 2018 was favorably impacted by the recognition of $24,634 of net deferred tax assets as a result of the election to disregard as separate entities for U.S. tax purposes certain foreign subsidiaries of the Company as well as the reduction in the U.S corporate income tax from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018.
Due to the timing of the enactment and the complexity involved in applying the provisions of the U.S. Tax Act, we made reasonable estimates of the effects and recorded provisional amounts in our financial statements as of March 31, 2018. As the Company collects and prepares necessary data and interprets the U.S. Tax Act and any additional guidance issued by the U.S. Treasury Department, the IRS, and other standard-setting bodies, and further refines the calculations, we may make adjustments to the provisional amounts recorded. We expect to complete our analysis during the second half of 2018. Any adjustments during this measurement period will be included in the provision for income taxes in the reporting period when such adjustments are determined. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, we recorded a provisional $2,157 increase in taxes payable associated with the one-time transition tax on accumulated foreign subsidiary earnings not previously subject to U.S. income tax which now totals $66,478.
Foreign Exchange Loss
For discussion of the impact of foreign exchange fluctuations see “Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”
Effects of Inflation
Economies in CIS countries, particularly Belarus, Russia, Kazakhstan and Ukraine, have periodically experienced high rates of inflation. Periods of higher inflation may slow economic growth in those countries and as a result negatively impact the business of our existing clients and decrease demand for our services. Inflation may also increase some of our expenses such as wages. We do not rely on borrowed funds for operations in those locations; therefore, increases in interest rates typical for inflationary environments do not currently pose a risk to our business.
While inflation may impact our results of operations and financial condition and it is difficult to accurately measure the impact of inflation, we believe the effects of inflation on our results of operations and financial condition are not significant.

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Table of Contents

Results by Business Segment
Our operations consist of three reportable segments: North America, Europe, and Russia. The segments represent components of EPAM for which separate financial information is available and is used on a regular basis by our chief executive officer, who is also our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) to determine how to allocate resources and evaluate performance. Our CODM makes business decisions based on segment revenues and operating profit. Segment operating profit is defined as income from operations before unallocated costs. Expenses included in segment operating profit consist principally of direct selling and delivery costs as well as an allocation of certain shared services expenses and facilities costs. These shared expenses include Delivery, Recruitment and Development, Sales and Marketing, and support functions such as IT, Finance, Legal, and Human Resources. Generally, shared expenses are allocated based on measurable drivers of expense, e.g., recorded hours or headcount. Certain expenses that are not controllable at the segment level are not allocated to specific segments.
Our reportable segments are based on managerial responsibility for a particular client. Because managerial responsibility for a particular client relationship generally correlates with the client’s geographic location, there is a high degree of similarity between client locations and the geographic boundaries of our reportable segments. In some specific cases, however, managerial responsibility for a particular client is assigned to a management team in another region, usually based on the strength of the relationship between client executives and particular members of our senior management team. In such cases, the client’s activity would be reported through the management team’s reportable segment.
Segment revenues from external clients and segment operating profit, before unallocated expenses, for the North America, Europe, and Russia reportable segments for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:
 
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
(in thousands) 
Segment revenues:
 
 
 
North America
$
231,196

 
$
178,303

Europe
173,343

 
132,707

Russia
19,786

 
13,693

Total segment revenues
$
424,325

 
$
324,703

Segment operating profit:
 

 
 

North America
$
43,960

 
$
37,092

Europe
28,890

 
19,811

Russia
5,347

 
3,549

Total segment operating profit
$
78,197

 
$
60,452


North America Segment
During the three months ended March 31, 2018, revenues for the North America segment increased $52.9 million, or 29.7%, compared to the same period last year and segment operating profits increased $6.9 million, or 18.5%, compared to the same period last year. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, revenues from our North America segment were 54.5% of total segment revenues, a decrease from 54.9% reported in the corresponding period of 2017. As a percentage of North America segment revenues, the North America segment’s operating profit margin decreased to 19.0% during the first quarter of 2018 from 20.8% in the first quarter of 2017. This decrease reflects the impact from appreciation of foreign currencies in which our global delivery centers operate as well as a higher level of accrued variable compensation based on the strong start to the year.
The following table presents North America segment revenues by industry vertical for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
 
Increase
 
2018
 
2017
 
Dollars 
 
Percentage 
Industry Vertical
(in thousands, except percentages)
Software & Hi-Tech
$
60,564

 
$
50,117

 
$
10,447

 
20.8
%
Business Information & Media
57,337

 
44,169

 
13,168

 
29.8
%
Travel & Consumer
40,687

 
33,090

 
7,597

 
23.0
%
Life Sciences & Healthcare
27,467

 
24,659

 
2,808

 
11.4
%
Emerging Verticals
23,185

 
12,910

 
10,275

 
79.6
%
Financial Services
21,956

 
13,358

 
8,598

 
64.4
%
        Revenues
$
231,196

 
$
178,303

 
$
52,893

 
29.7
%

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Table of Contents

Software & Hi-Tech remained the largest industry vertical in the North America segment and grew 20.8% as compared to the corresponding period from the prior year which was a result of the continued focus on working with our technology clients and partners. The revenues from the Financial Services and Emerging Verticals grew in excess of 60% during the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to the same period from the prior year. The Emerging Verticals have been growing most significantly with clients in the energy, utility and automotive industries.
Europe Segment
During the three months ended March 31, 2018, Europe’s segment revenues were $173.3 million, representing an increase of $40.6 million, or 30.6%, from the same period last year. During the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, Europe’s segment revenues accounted for 40.9% of total segment revenues. Compared to the first quarter of 2017, the segment’s operating profit increased $9.1 million, or 45.8%, to $28.9 million. Segment profitability benefited from the growth in revenues as well as appreciation of the euro and British pound in which segment revenues are primarily denominated as compared to the currencies in which our global delivery centers operate.
The following table presents Europe segment revenues by industry vertical for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
 
Increase
 
2018
 
2017
 
Dollars 
 
Percentage 
Industry Vertical
(in thousands, except percentages)
Financial Services
$
65,818

 
$
54,104

 
$
11,714

 
21.7
%
Travel & Consumer
49,454

 
36,572

 
12,882

 
35.2
%
Software & Hi-Tech
20,294

 
16,281

 
4,013

 
24.6
%
Business Information & Media
18,870

 
13,356

 
5,514

 
41.3
%
Life Sciences & Healthcare
4,823

 
2,386

 
2,437

 
102.1
%
Emerging Verticals
14,084

 
10,008

 
4,076

 
40.7
%
        Revenues
$
173,343

 
$
132,707

 
$
40,636

 
30.6
%
Financial Services remained the largest industry vertical in the Europe segment and grew 21.7% as compared to the corresponding period from the prior year, driven by clients responding to regulatory changes, digitization and transformation. The remaining verticals demonstrated continued strong broad-based demand, each growing in excess of 24%.
    
Russia Segment
During the three months ended March 31, 2018, revenues from our Russia segment accounted for 4.7% of total segment revenues, and segment revenues increased $6.1 million, or 44.5%, as compared to the corresponding period last year. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, operating profit of the Russia segment was $5.3 million, representing an increase of $1.8 million, or 50.7%, as compared to the corresponding period last year.
The following table presents Russia segment revenues by industry vertical for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
 
Increase
 
2018
 
2017
 
Dollars 
 
Percentage 
Industry Vertical
(in thousands, except percentages)
Financial Services
$
16,225

 
$
7,576

 
$
8,649

 
114.2
 %
Travel & Consumer
1,673

 
2,180

 
(507
)
 
(23.3
)%
Software & Hi-Tech
764

 
1,915

 
(1,151
)
 
(60.1
)%
Business Information & Media

 
42

 
(42
)
 
(100.0
)%
Life Sciences & Healthcare

 
23

 
(23
)
 
(100.0
)%
Emerging Verticals
1,124

 
1,957

 
(833
)
 
(42.6
)%
        Revenues
$