UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2012
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Commission file number: 001-35418
EPAM SYSTEMS, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
Delaware | 223536104 | |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
EPAM Systems, Inc.
41 University Drive,
Suite 202
Newtown, Pennsylvania 18940
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
267-759-9000
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class |
Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered | |
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share | New York Stock Exchange |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein and will not be contained, to the best of registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer | ¨ | Accelerated filer | ¨ | |||
Non-accelerated filer | x (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company | ¨ |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
As of June 30, 2012 the aggregate market value of the registrants common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $313 million based on the closing sale price as reported on the New York Stock Exchange. Solely for purposes of the foregoing calculation, affiliates are deemed to consist of each officer and director of the registrant, and each person known to the registrant to own 10% or more of the outstanding voting power of the registrant.
The number of shares of common stock, $0.001par value, of the registrant outstanding as of March 1, 2013 was 44,903,909 shares.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The registrant intends to file a definitive Proxy Statement for its 2013 annual meeting of stockholders pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days of the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012. Portions of the registrants Proxy Statement are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K. With the exception of the portions of the Proxy Statement expressly incorporated by reference, such document shall not be deemed filed with this Form 10-K.
FORM 10-K
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Item 1. |
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Item 1A. |
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Item 1B. |
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Item 2. |
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Item 3. |
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Item 4. |
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Item 5. |
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Item 6. |
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Item 7. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
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Item 7A. |
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Item 8. |
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Item 9. |
Changes In and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure |
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Item 9A. |
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Item 9B. |
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Item 10. |
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Item 11. |
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Item 12. |
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters |
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Item 13. |
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence |
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Item 14. |
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Item 15. |
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In this annual report, EPAM, EPAM Systems, Inc., the Company, we, us and our refer to EPAM Systems, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
EPAM is a trademark of EPAM Systems, Inc. CMMI is a trademark of the Software Engineering Institute of Carnegie Mellon University. ISO 9001:2000 and ISO 27001:2005 are trademarks of the International Organization for Standardization. All other trademarks and servicemarks used herein are the property of their respective owners.
Unless otherwise indicated, information contained in this annual report concerning our industry and the markets in which we operate, including our general expectations and market position, market opportunity and market share, is based on information from various sources (including industry publications, surveys and forecasts and our internal research), on assumptions that we have made, which we believe are reasonable, based on those data and other similar sources and on our knowledge of the markets for our services. The projections, assumptions and estimates of our future performance and the future performance of the industry in which we operate are necessarily subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described under Item 1A. Risk Factors and elsewhere in this annual report. These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in the estimates included in this annual report.
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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This annual report on Form 10-K contains estimates and forward-looking statements, principally in Item 1. Business, Item 1A. Risk Factors and Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Our estimates and forward-looking statements are mainly based on our current expectations and estimates of future events and trends, which affect or may affect our businesses and operations. Although we believe that these estimates and forward-looking statements are based upon reasonable assumptions, they are subject to several risks and uncertainties and are made in light of information currently available to us. Important factors, in addition to the factors described in this annual report, may adversely affect our results as indicated in forward-looking statements. You should read this annual report and the documents that we have filed as exhibits hereto completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect.
The words may, will, should, could, expect, plan, anticipate, believe, estimate, predict, intend, potential, might, would, continue or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology and similar words are intended to identify estimates and forward-looking statements. Estimates and forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they were made, and, except to the extent required by law, we undertake no obligation to update, to revise or to review any estimate and/or forward-looking statement because of new information, future events or other factors. Estimates and forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties and are not guarantees of future performance. As a result of the risks and uncertainties described above, the estimates and forward-looking statements discussed in this annual report might not occur and our future results, level of activity, performance or achievements may differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements due to, including, but not limited to, the factors mentioned above, and the differences may be material and adverse. Because of these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable law.
EMERGING GROWTH COMPANY STATUS
In April 2012, several weeks after our initial public offering in February 2012, President Obama signed into law the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the JOBS Act). The JOBS Act contains provisions that relax certain requirements for emerging growth companies that otherwise apply to larger public companies. For as long as a company retains emerging growth company status, which may be until the fiscal year-end after the fifth anniversary of its initial public offering, it will not be required to (1) provide an auditors attestation report on its managements assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting, otherwise required by Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, (2) comply with any new or revised financial accounting standard applicable to public companies until such standard is also applicable to private companies, (3) comply with certain new requirements adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, (4) provide certain disclosure regarding executive compensation required of larger public companies or (5) hold shareholder advisory votes on matters relating to executive compensation.
We are classified as an emerging growth company, under the JOBS Act and are eligible to take advantage of the accommodations described above for as long as we retain this status. However, we have elected not to take advantage of the transition period described in (2) above, which is the exemption provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (in each case as amended by the JOBS Act) for complying with new or revised financial accounting standards. We will therefore comply with new or revised financial accounting standards to the same extent that a non-emerging growth company is required to comply with such standards.
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Item 1. | Business |
Overview
We are a leading provider of complex software engineering solutions and technology services with delivery capacity distributed across Central and Eastern Europe. Our clients rely on us to deliver a broad range of software engineering and IT services, with a significant share of proactive, domain-led, high-value services aimed at improving the clients ability to innovate and cut time to market. We draw on our extensive vertical, technology and process/methodology expertise and leverage industry standard technology, tools, platforms as well a portfolio of internally and externally developed assets in our delivery. We primarily focus on building long-term partnerships with clients in industries that demand technologically advanced skills and solutions, such as independent software vendors, or ISVs and Technology, Banking and Finance, Business Information and Media, and Travel and Consumer. We deliver services to clients located primarily in North America, Western Europe, and Central and Eastern Europe, or CEE.
Since our inception in 1993, we have been serving ISVs and Technology companies. These companies produce advanced software and technology products that demand sophisticated software engineering talent, tools, methodologies and infrastructure to deliver solutions that support functionality and configurability to sustain multiple generations of platform innovation. The foundation we have built serving ISVs and technology companies has enabled us to differentiate ourselves in the market for software engineering skills and technology capabilities. Our work with these clients exposes us to their customers challenges across a variety of industry verticals. This has enabled us to develop vertical-specific domain expertise and grow our business in multiple industry verticals, including Banking and Financial Services, Business Information and Media, and Travel and Consumer.
Our historical core competency is full lifecycle software development and product engineering services including design and prototyping, product development and testing, component design and integration, product deployment, performance tuning, porting and cross-platform migration. We have developed extensive experience in each of these areas by working collaboratively with leading ISVs and technology companies, creating an unparalleled foundation for the evolution of our other offerings, which include custom application development, application testing, enterprise application platforms, application maintenance and support, and infrastructure management.
We believe the quality of our employees underpins our success and serves as a key point of differentiation in how we deliver a superior value proposition to our clients. Our delivery centers in Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, Hungary, Kazakhstan and Poland are strategically located in centers of software engineering talent and educational excellence across CEE, and the Commonwealth of Independent States, or the CIS. CEE includes Albania, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Republic of Macedonia, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey and Ukraine. The CIS is comprised of constituents of the former U.S.S.R., including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. Our highly-skilled information technology, or IT, professionals, combined with our extensive experience in delivering custom solutions that meet our clients pressing business needs, has allowed us to develop a deep culture of software engineering excellence. We believe this culture enables us to attract, train and retain talented IT professionals.
We employ highly-educated IT professionals, nearly all of whom hold a masters equivalent university degree in math, science or engineering and are proficient in English. To ensure we attract the best candidates from this deep talent pool, we have developed close relationships with leading universities across CEE, whereby we actively support curriculum development and engage students to identify their talents and interests. We continue to expand these efforts throughout the major talent hubs within CEE.
Since inception, we have invested significant resources into developing a proprietary suite of internal applications and tools to manage all aspects of our delivery process. These applications and tools are effective in reducing risks, such as security breaches and cost overruns, while providing control and visibility across all project lifecycle stages to both us and our clients. In addition, these applications and tools enable us to provide solutions using the optimal software product development methodologies, including iterative methodologies such as Agile development. Our applications, tools, methodologies and infrastructure allow us to seamlessly deliver services and solutions from our delivery centers to global clients, thereby further strengthening our relationships with them.
We believe we are the only ISAE 3000 Type II certified IT services provider with multiple delivery centers in CEE, based on our analysis of publicly available information of IT services providers. This certification is a widely recognized auditing standard developed by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, or AICPA, and it serves as additional assurance to our clients that are required to validate the controls in place to protect the security of their sensitive data. Furthermore, this is an important certification for firms in data and information-intensive industries, as well as any organization that is subject to the internal controls certification requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Our ISAE 3000 Type II certification, in addition to our multiple ISO/IEC 27001:2005 and ISO 9001:2000 attestations, underscores our focus on establishing stringent security standards and internal controls.
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Our clients primarily consist of Forbes Global 2000 corporations located in North America, Europe and the CIS. We maintain a geographically diverse client base with 47.7% of our 2012 revenues from clients located in North America, 35.8% from clients in Europe and 15.0% from clients in the CIS. Our focus on delivering quality to our clients is reflected by an average of 91.9% and 82.0% of our revenues in 2012 coming from clients that had used our services for at least one and two years, respectively. In addition, we have significantly grown the size of existing accounts. For example, from 2008 to 2012 the number of clients accounting for over $5.0 million in annual revenues increased from 7 to 16, and those accounting for $1.0 million or more in revenues increased from 42 to 81.
Our Approach
Since our inception, we have focused on software product development services, which we have refined through repeat, multi-year engagements with major ISVs. Unlike custom application development, which is usually tailored to very specific business requirements, software products of ISVs must be designed with a high level of product configurability and operational performance to address the needs of a diverse set of end-users working in multiple industries and operating in a variety of deployment environments. This demands a strong focus on upfront design and architecture, strict software engineering practices, and extensive testing procedures.
Our focus on software product development services for ISVs and technology companies requires high-quality software engineering talent, advanced knowledge of up-to-date methodologies and productivity tools, and strong project management practices. As a result, we have developed a culture focused on innovation, technology leadership and process excellence, which helps us maintain a strong reputation with our clients for technical expertise and high-quality project delivery.
Our work with ISVs and technology companies, including both global leaders in enterprise software platforms and emerging, innovative technology companies focusing on new trends, exposes us to their customers business and strategic challenges, allowing us to develop vertical-specific domain expertise. In-depth understanding of how vertically-oriented ISVs and technology companies solve their clients challenges allows us to focus and grow our business in multiple industries, including Banking and Financial Services, Business Information and Media, and Travel and Consumer.
Our Services
Our service offerings cover the full software and product development lifecycle from digital strategy and customer experience design to enterprise application platforms implementation and program management services and from complex software development services to maintenance, support, custom application development, application testing, and infrastructure management. Our key service offerings include:
Software Product Development Services
We provide a comprehensive set of software product development services including product research, customer experience design and prototyping, program management, component design and integration, full lifecycle software testing, product deployment and end-user customization, performance tuning, product support and maintenance, managed services, as well as porting and cross-platform migration. We focus on software products covering a wide range of business applications as well as product development for multiple mobile platforms and embedded software product services.
Custom Application Development Services
We offer complete custom application development services to meet the requirements of businesses with sophisticated application development needs not adequately supported by packaged applications or by existing custom solutions. Our custom application development services leverage our experience in software product development as well as our industry expertise, prebuilt application solution frameworks and specific software product assets. Our range of services includes business and technical requirements analysis, user experience design, solution architecture creation and validation, development, component design and integration, quality assurance and testing, deployment, performance tuning, support and maintenance, legacy applications re-engineering/refactoring, porting and cross-platform migration and documentation.
Application Testing Services
We maintain a dedicated group of testing and quality assurance professionals with experience across a wide range of technology platforms and industry verticals. Our Quality Management System complies with global quality standards such as ISO 9001:2000 and we employ industry-recognized and proprietary defect tracking tools to deliver a comprehensive range of testing services. Our application testing services include: (i) software application testing, including test automation tools and frameworks; (ii) testing for enterprise IT, including test management, automation, functional and non-functional testing, as well as defect management; and (iii) consulting services focused on helping clients improve their existing software testing and quality assurance practices.
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Enterprise Application Platforms
As a proven provider of software product development services to major ISVs, we have participated in the development of industry standard technology and business application platforms and their components in such specific areas as customer relationship management and sales automation, enterprise resource planning, enterprise content management, business intelligence, e-commerce, mobile, Software-as-a-Service and cloud deployment. Our experience in such areas allows us to offer services around Enterprise Application Platforms, which include requirements analysis and platform selection, deep and complex customization, cross-platform migration, implementation and integration, as well as support and maintenance. We use our experience, custom tools and specialized knowledge to integrate our clients chosen application platforms with their internal systems and processes and to create custom solutions filling the gaps in their platforms functionality necessary to address the needs of the clients users and customers.
Application Maintenance and Support
We deliver application maintenance and support services through a dedicated team of IT professionals. Our application maintenance and support offerings meet rigorous CMMI and ISAE 3000 Type II requirements. Our clients benefit from our proprietary distributed project management processes and tools, which reduce the time and costs related to maintenance, enhancement and support activities. Our services include incident management, fault investigation diagnosis, work-around provision, application bug fixes, release management, application enhancements and third-party maintenance.
Infrastructure Management Services
Given the increased need for tighter enterprise integration between software development, testing and maintenance with private, public and mobile infrastructures, our service offerings also cover infrastructure management services. We have significant expertise in implementing large infrastructure monitoring solutions, providing real-time notification and control from the low-level infrastructure up to and including applications. Our ISAE 3000 Type II, ISO/IEC 27001:2005 and ISO 9001:2000 certifications provide our clients with third-party verification of our information security policies. Our solutions cover the full lifecycle of infrastructure management including application, database, network, server, storage and systems operations management, as well as incident notification and resolution.
Our Verticals
Strong vertical-specific domain knowledge backed by extensive experience merging technology with the business processes of our clients allows us to deliver tailored solutions to the following industry verticals:
| ISVs and Technology; |
| Banking and Financial Services; |
| Business Information and Media; and |
| Travel and Consumer. |
We also serve the diverse technology needs of clients in the energy, telecommunications, automotive, manufacturing, insurance and life sciences industries and the government.
The following table sets forth our revenues by vertical by amount and as a percentage of our revenues for the periods presented:
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except percent) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vertical |
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Banking and Financial Services |
$ | 111,941 | 25.8 | % | $ | 76,645 | 22.9 | % | $ | 43,019 | 19.4 | % | ||||||||||||
ISVs and Technology |
106,852 | 24.6 | 84,246 | 25.2 | 64,905 | 29.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Travel and Consumer |
95,965 | 22.1 | 71,488 | 21.4 | 36,135 | 16.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Business Information and Media |
62,398 | 14.4 | 63,988 | 19.1 | 46,146 | 20.8 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other verticals |
50,226 | 11.6 | 31,985 | 9.6 | 27,846 | 12.5 | ||||||||||||||||||
Reimbursable expenses and other revenues |
6,417 | 1.5 | 6,176 | 1.8 | 3,773 | 1.7 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Revenues |
$ | 433,799 | 100.0 | % | $ | 334,528 | 100.0 | % | $ | 221,824 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||
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ISVs and Technology. ISVs and technology companies have a constant need for innovation and rapid time-to-market. Since inception, we have focused on providing complex software product development services to leading global ISVs and technology companies to meet these demands. Through our experience with many industry leaders, we have developed rigorous standards for
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software product development, as well as proprietary internal processes, methodologies and IT infrastructure. Our services span the complete software development lifecycle for software product development, testing and performance tuning, deployment and maintenance and support. We offer a comprehensive set of software development methodologies, depending on client requirements, from linear or sequential methodologies such as waterfall, to iterative methodologies such as Agile. In addition, we are establishing close partner relationships with many of our ISV and technology company clients and are offering distributed professional services around their product offerings directly to our corporate clients.
Banking and Financial Services. We established our Banking and Financial Services vertical in 2006 and have significant experience working with global retail and investment banks, investment firms, depositories, corporate treasuries, pension funds and market data providers. We offer a broad portfolio of services in asset and wealth management, corporate and retail banking, cards and payments, investment banking and brokerage, research and analysis, as well as governance, risk and compliance. We have also established a Capital Markets Competency Center, which facilitates knowledge exchange, education and collaboration across our organization and develops new software products, frameworks and components to further enhance our industry-specific solutions and services.
Business Information and Media. We have established long term relationships with leading business information and media companies, which enable us to bring sustainable value creation and enhanced return-on-content for organizations within this vertical. Our solutions help clients develop new revenue sources, accelerate the creation, collection, packaging and management of content and reach broader audiences. We serve clients in a range of business information and media sub-sectors, including entertainment media, news providers, broadcasting companies, financial information providers, content distributors and advertising networks. Our Business Information Competency Center enables us to provide our clients with solutions that help them overcome challenges related to operating legacy systems, manage varied content formats, rationalize their online assets and lower their cost of delivery. In addition, we provide knowledge discovery platform services through our InfoNgen business, which combines custom taxonomy development with web crawling, internal file and e-mail classification, newsletter and feed publication and content trend analysis.
Travel and Consumer. We have extensive experience in designing, implementing and supporting solutions for the travel and hospitality industry. This has led to the development of a substantial repository of knowledge components and solutions, such as our Loyalty, Marketing and Booking Engine frameworks, which results in accelerated development and implementation of solutions, while ensuring enterprise-class reliability. Our capabilities span a range of platforms, applications and solutions that businesses in travel and hospitality use to serve their customers, capture management efficiencies, control operating expenses and grow revenues.
We also work closely with leading companies in the retail and consumer industry to enable our clients to better leverage technology and address simultaneous pressures of driving value for the consumer and offering a more engaging experience. Our expertise allows us to integrate our services with our clients existing enterprise resource planning, billing fulfillment and customer relationship management solutions. Our digital strategy and experience design practice, EPAM Empathy Lab, provides strategy, design, creative, and program management services for clients looking to improve their customer experience. We also offer deep expertise across several domains including business-to-business and business-to-consumer e-commerce, customer/partners self-service, employee portals, online merchandising and sales, web content management, mobile solutions and billing.
Our Delivery Model
We have delivery centers located in Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, Hungary, Kazakhstan and Poland. We have client management locations in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, Russia and Kazakhstan. We believe the development of a robust global delivery model creates a key competitive advantage, enabling us to better understand and meet our clients diverse needs and provide a compelling value proposition.
Our primary delivery centers with approximately 3,350 IT professionals are located in Belarus, the majority of which are located in Minsk, the capital of Belarus, which is a major educational and industrial center in CEE. It is well-suited to serve as a prime IT outsourcing destination given its strong industrial base, good educational infrastructure and legacy as the center of computer science for the former Soviet Union. Furthermore, the IT industry in Belarus has been strongly supported by the government, which has taken steps to encourage investment in the IT sector through long-term tax incentives.
Our delivery centers in Ukraine have approximately 2,330 IT professionals. Ukraine promotes the growth of a domestic IT outsourcing export industry that is supported by regulation, intellectual property protection and a favorable investment climate.
Our delivery centers in Russia have approximately 1,210 IT professionals. Our locations in Ukraine and Russia offer many of the same benefits as Belarus, including educational infrastructure, availability of qualified software engineers and government sponsorship of the IT industry. We believe our locations in Ukraine and Russia, along with our delivery centers in Belarus, offer a strong and diversified delivery platform across CEE.
Our delivery centers in Hungary have approximately 775 IT professionals and serve as the center for our nearshore delivery capabilities to European clients. Hungarys geographic proximity, cultural affinity and similar time zones with our clients in Europe
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enables increased interaction that creates closer client relationships, increased responsiveness and more efficient delivery of our solutions.
Our client management locations maintain account management and production personnel with significant project management capabilities, which enable us to work seamlessly with our clients and delivery centers. Our onsite and offshore delivery teams are linked together through common processes and collaboration applications and tools and a communications infrastructure that features a secure and redundant environment enabling global collaboration.
Quality and Process Management
We have built complex proprietary applications and tools to manage quality, security and transparency of the delivery process in a distributed environment. Our proprietary ISO 9001:2000 and CMMI-certified Quality Management System has been documented, implemented and maintained to ensure the timely delivery of software development services to our clients. We have also developed sophisticated project management techniques facilitated through our Project Management Center, a web-based collaborative environment for software development which we consider critical to meeting or exceeding the service levels required by our clients.
Our Quality Management System ensures that we provide timely delivery of software development services to enhance client satisfaction by enabling:
| objective valuation of the performed process, work products and services against the clients process descriptions, standards and procedures; |
| identification, documentation and timely resolution of noncompliance issues; |
| feedback to the clients project staff and managers on the results of quality assurance activities; |
| monitoring and improvement of the software development process to ensure adopted standards and procedures are implemented and flaws are detected and resolved in a timely manner; and |
| execution of planned and systematic problem prevention activities. |
Our proprietary Project Management Center supports our software development delivery model. Our Project Management Center is effective in reducing risks and providing control and visibility across all project lifecycle stages based on the following features:
| multi-site, multi-project capabilities; |
| activity-based software development lifecycle, which fully tracks the software development activities through the project documentation; |
| project, role-based access control, which can be available to us, clients and third parties; |
| fully configurable workflow engine with built-in notification and messaging; |
| extensive reporting capabilities and tracking of key performance indicators; and |
| integration with Microsoft Project and Outlook. |
The transparency and visibility into software development project deliverables, resource management, team messaging and project-related documents and files provided by our Project Management Center promotes collaboration and strengthens our relationships with our clients. Improved traceability enables significant time savings and cost reductions for business users and IT management during change management for the software development lifecycle. The combination of our Project Management Center with our other proprietary internal applications enhances our offering by reducing errors, increasing quality and improving maintenance time. Combining applications can lead to more efficient communications and oversight for both clients and our staff.
Sales and Marketing
Our sales and marketing strategy seeks to increase our revenues from new and existing clients through our account managers, sales and business development managers, vertical specialists, technical specialists and subject-matter experts. Given our focus on complex application development and the needs of our clients, we believe our IT professionals play an integral role in engaging with clients on potential business opportunities. For example, account managers are organized vertically and maintain direct client relationships. In addition, they are responsible for handling inbound requests and referrals, identifying new business opportunities and responding to requests-for-proposals, or RFPs. Account managers typically engage technical and other specialists in responding to RFPs and pursuing opportunities. This sales model has been effective in promoting repeated business and growth from within our existing client base.
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In addition to effective client management, we believe that our reputation as a premium provider of software product development services drives additional business from inbound requests, referrals and RFPs. We enjoy published recognition from other third-party industry observers, such as Forrester Research, Everest Group, Zinnov, Information Week, and Software Magazine.
We also maintain a dedicated sales force as well as a marketing team, which coordinates corporate-level branding efforts that range from sponsorship of programming competitions to participation in and hosting of industry conferences and events.
Clients
Our clients primarily consist of Forbes Global 2000 corporations. During 2011 and 2010, one of our largest clients, Thomson Reuters, accounted for over 10% of our revenues; however, in 2012, Thomson Reuters accounted for 6.0% of our revenues and no other client accounted for over 10% of revenues in that period.
The following table sets forth the percentage of our revenues for the periods presented by client location:
% of Revenues for Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
Client Location |
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||
North America |
47.7 | % | 49.4 | % | 52.8 | % | ||||||
Europe |
35.8 | 32.0 | 26.4 | |||||||||
CIS |
15.0 | 16.8 | 19.1 | |||||||||
Reimbursable expenses and other revenues |
1.5 | 1.8 | 1.7 | |||||||||
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Revenues |
100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
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Revenues by client location above differs from the segment information. Our operations consist of four reportable segments: North America, Europe, Russia and Other. This determination is based on the unique business practices and market specifics of each region and that each region engages in business activities from which it earns revenues and incurs expenses. Our reportable segments are based on managerial responsibility for a particular client. Because managerial responsibility for a particular client relationship generally correlates with the clients geographic location, there is a high degree of similarity between client locations and the geographic boundaries of our reportable segments. In some specific cases, however, managerial responsibility for a particular client is assigned to a management team in another region, usually based on the strength of the relationship between client executives and particular members of our senior management team. In a case like this, the clients activity would be reported through the reportable segment. Information about our segments is presented below:
% of Segment
Revenues for Year Ended December 31, |
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Segment |
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||
North America |
45.5 | % | 45.5 | % | 49.7 | % | ||||||
Europe |
38.9 | 36.9 | 30.9 | |||||||||
Russia |
11.7 | 13.8 | 14.2 | |||||||||
Other |
3.9 | 3.8 | 5.2 | |||||||||
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Segment Revenues |
100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
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The following table sets forth the percentage of our revenues by client vertical for the periods presented:
% of Revenues for Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
Vertical |
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||
Banking and Financial Services |
25.8 | % | 22.9 | % | 19.4 | % | ||||||
ISVs and Technology |
24.6 | 25.2 | 29.3 | |||||||||
Travel and Consumer |
22.1 | 21.4 | 16.3 | |||||||||
Business Information and Media |
14.4 | 19.1 | 20.8 | |||||||||
Other verticals |
11.6 | 9.6 | 12.5 | |||||||||
Reimbursable expenses and other revenues |
1.5 | 1.8 | 1.7 | |||||||||
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Revenues |
100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
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The following table shows the distribution of our clients by revenues for the periods presented:
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Revenues Greater Than or Equal To |
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||
$0.1 million |
216 | 176 | 143 | |||||||||
$0.5 million |
114 | 98 | 72 | |||||||||
$1 million |
81 | 54 | 43 | |||||||||
$5 million |
16 | 15 | 10 | |||||||||
$10 million |
7 | 8 | 4 |
The following table sets forth our revenues by service offering by amount and as a percentage of our revenues for the periods presented:
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Service Offering |
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except percent) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Software development |
$ | 290,139 | 66.8 | % | $ | 219,211 | 65.5 | % | $ | 149,658 | 67.5 | % | ||||||||||||
Application testing services |
85,849 | 19.8 | 67,840 | 20.3 | 44,459 | 20.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
Application maintenance and support |
36,056 | 8.3 | 29,287 | 8.8 | 19,262 | 8.7 | ||||||||||||||||||
Infrastructure services |
12,424 | 2.9 | 8,488 | 2.5 | 2,823 | 1.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Licensing |
2,914 | 0.7 | 3,526 | 1.1 | 1,849 | 0.8 | ||||||||||||||||||
Reimbursable expenses and other revenues |
6,417 | 1.5 | 6,176 | 1.8 | 3,773 | 1.7 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Revenues |
$ | 433,799 | 100.0 | % | $ | 334,528 | 100.0 | % | $ | 221,824 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||
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We typically enter into a master services agreement with our clients, which provides a framework for services that is then supplemented by statements of work, which specify the particulars of each individual engagement, including the services to be performed, pricing terms and performance criteria.
For example, we have entered into a master services agreement with Thomson Reuters. Under this master services agreement, we may not use subcontractors to perform the services without Thomson Reuters prior written consent. Our personnel must comply with Thomson Reuters security policies. The intellectual property rights to deliverables we make in the course of, or enabling the, performance of the services we provide to Thomson Reuters are owned by Thomson Reuters. Deliverables and services are subject to acceptance testing, and liquidated damages are prescribed for late delivery. Service credits are prescribed for service-level failures and charges are subject to adjustment for deficiencies in services that are not measured by service levels. The master services agreement provides step-in rights, benchmarking, monitoring rights and audit rights. The master services agreement is not a commitment to purchase our services, and may be terminated for various reasons including a time-limited right of termination upon a change-of-control event or without cause upon six months notice.
Competition
The markets in which we compete are changing rapidly and we face competition from both global IT services providers as well as those based in CEE. We believe that the principal competitive factors in our business include technical expertise and industry knowledge, end-to-end solution offerings, reputation and track record for high-quality and on-time delivery of work, effective employee recruiting, training and retention, responsiveness to clients business needs, scale, financial stability and price.
We face competition primarily from:
| India-based technology outsourcing IT services providers, such as Cognizant Technology Solutions, GlobalLogic, HCL Technologies, Infosys Technologies, Mindtree, Sapient, Symphony Technology Group, Tata Consultancy Services and Wipro; |
| Local CEE technology outsourcing IT services providers; |
| Large global consulting and outsourcing firms, such as Accenture, Atos Origin, Capgemini, CSC and IBM; |
| China-based technology outsourcing IT services providers such as Camelot Information Services, and Pactera; and |
| In-house IT departments of our clients and potential clients. |
We are a leading global IT services provider of complex software product development and software engineering services in CEE. We believe that our focus on complex software product development solutions, our technical employee base, and the development and continuous improvement in process methodologies, applications and tools position us well to compete effectively in the future. However, we face competition from offshore IT services providers in other outsourcing destinations with low wage costs, such as India and China, and from IT services providers that have more locations or that are based in countries more stable than some CIS and CEE countries. Our present and potential competitors may also have substantially greater financial, marketing or technical
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resources; may also be able to respond more quickly to new technologies or processes and changes in client demands; may be able to devote greater resources towards the development, promotion and sale of their services than we can; and may also make strategic acquisitions or establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties that increase their ability to address the needs of our clients.
Human Capital
Our people are critical to the success of our business. Attracting and retaining employees is a key factor in our ability to grow our revenues and meet our clients needs. We had 10,043, 8,125 and 6,168 employees as of December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Of these employees, approximately 93% were located in the CIS and CEE, 2% were located in Western Europe (excluding Hungary) and 5% were located in North America as of December 31, 2012. We believe that we maintain a good working relationship with our employees and we have not experienced any labor disputes. Our employees have not entered into any collective bargaining agreements.
Recruitment and Retention
We believe our company culture and reputation as a leading global IT services provider of complex software product development and software engineering services in CEE enhances our ability to recruit and retain highly sought-after employees. We have dedicated full-time employees that oversee all aspects of our human capital management process. Through our proprietary internal tools, we effectively plan our short-term and long-term recruitment needs and deploy the necessary personnel and processes to optimize utilization and to quickly satisfy the demands of our clients.
We have developed our base of IT professionals by hiring highly-qualified, experienced IT professionals from this region and by recruiting students from leading universities in CEE. We have strong relationships with the leading institutions in CEE, such as the Belarusian State University, Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, the Saint Petersburg State University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, the Moscow State University, the Moscow Institute of Physics & Technology, the Moscow State University of Instrument Engineering and Computer Sciences and the National Technical University of Ukraine, and we have established EPAM delivery centers near many of these campuses. The quality and academic prestige of the CEE educational system is renowned world-wide. For instance, in the 2012 ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest (ICPC), five out of 10 top ranked finishers were from CEE, and two Belarus universities made it in the top 12. Our ongoing involvement with these universities includes supporting EPAM-branded research labs, developing training courses, providing teaching equipment, actively supporting curriculum development and engaging students to identify their talents and interests. Our relationships with these technical institutions provide us access to a highly-qualified talent pool of programmers, and allow us to consistently attract highly-skilled students from these institutions. We also conduct lateral hiring through a dedicated IT professional talent acquisition team whose objective is to locate and attract qualified and experienced IT professionals within the region.
To attract, retain and motivate our IT professionals, we seek to provide an environment and culture that rewards entrepreneurial initiative and performance. In addition, we offer a challenging work environment, ongoing skills development initiatives and attractive career advancement and promotion opportunities.
Training and Development
We dedicate significant resources to the training and development of our IT professionals. We believe in the importance of supporting educational initiatives and we sponsor employees participation in internal and external training and certifications. Furthermore, we actively pursue partner engagements with technical institutions in CEE.
We provide training, continuing education and career development programs for both entry-level and experienced IT professionals. Entry-level IT professionals undergo a rigorous training program that consists of approximately three to six months of classroom training, as well as numerous hours of hands-on training through actual engagements. This comprehensive program results in employees who are highly proficient and possess deep technical expertise that enables them to immediately serve our clients needs. For our mid-level and senior IT professionals, we offer continuing education programs aimed at helping them advance in their careers. We also provide mentoring opportunities, management and soft skills training, intensive workshops and management and technical advancement programs. We are committed to systematically identifying and nurturing the development of middle and senior management through formal leadership training, evaluation, development and promotion.
Intellectual Property
Our intellectual property rights are important to our business. We rely on a combination of intellectual property laws, trade secrets, confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions to protect our intellectual property. We require our employees, independent contractors, vendors and clients to enter into written confidentiality agreements upon the commencement of their relationships with us. These agreements generally provide that any confidential or proprietary information disclosed or otherwise made available by us be kept confidential.
We customarily enter into non-disclosure agreements with our clients with respect to the use of their software systems and platforms. Our clients usually own the intellectual property in the software or systems we develop for them. Furthermore, we usually
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grant a perpetual, worldwide, royalty-free, nonexclusive, transferable and non-revocable license to our clients to use our preexisting intellectual property, but only to the extent necessary in order to use the software or systems we developed for them.
Protecting our intellectual property rights is critical to our business. We have invested, and will continue to invest, in research and development to enhance our domain knowledge and create complex, specialized solutions for our clients.
Long-lived Assets
The table below sets forth the locations of our long-lived assets:
As of December 31, | ||||||||
Location |
2012 | 2011 | ||||||
United States |
$ | 2,048 | $ | 1,445 | ||||
Belarus(1) |
40,095 | 26,001 | ||||||
Ukraine |
5,357 | 4,314 | ||||||
Russia |
3,234 | 2,011 | ||||||
Hungary |
1,744 | 1,108 | ||||||
Other |
657 | 603 | ||||||
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Total |
$ | 53,135 | $ | 35,482 | ||||
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(1) | At December 31, 2012 and 2011, the amounts included $15.4 million and $15.7 million, respectively, related to our building, and $15.6 million and $1.5 million, respectively, of capitalized construction costs related to our corporate facilities in Minsk, Belarus. |
Acquisitions
We have acquired a number of companies in order to expand our vertical-specific domain expertise, geographic footprint, service portfolio, client base and management expertise.
In August 2010, we acquired the assets of Instant Information, Inc., a company with operations in the United States and Belarus with 53 IT professionals, in order to acquire an experienced management team and skilled IT professionals, thereby further strengthening our Business Information and Media vertical, and to acquire the rights to the intellectual property embodied by our InfoNgen services and cloud deployment capabilities.
In May 2012, we completed the acquisition of Thoughtcorp, a Canadian company with a 17-year history of successfully delivering high-value IT solutions and complex software applications to some of Canadas most prominent companies within the telecommunications, financial and retail sectors. With the Thoughtcorp acquisition we have strengthened our Banking and Financial Services, and Travel and Consumer verticals, and have gained significant telecommunications expertise with a highly skilled and experienced employee base of approximately 50 IT professionals. The acquisition also expands our North American geographic footprint and complements our global delivery capabilities with expertise in areas important for us, such as Agile Development, Enterprise Mobility and Business Intelligence.
In December 2012, we completed the acquisition of Empathy Lab, LLC, a U.S.-based digital strategy and multi-channel experience design firm with approximately 85 IT professionals. The acquisition is intended to enhance our strong capabilities in global delivery of software engineering services with Empathy Labs proven expertise in two important growth areas - development and execution of enterprise-wide eCommerce initiatives and transformation of media consumption and distribution channels. In addition to strengthening our Travel and Consumer and Business Information and Media verticals, Empathy Lab brings significant expertise in digital marketing strategy consulting and program management.
Regulations
Due to the industry and geographic diversity of our operations and services, our operations are subject to a variety of rules and regulations, and several Belarusian, Russian, Ukrainian, Hungarian, Kazakhstan and U.S. federal and state agencies regulate various aspects of our business. See Item 1A. Risk Factors Risks Relating to Our Business Our global operations expose us to numerous and sometimes conflicting legal and regulatory requirements, and violations or unfavorable interpretation by authorities of these regulations could harm our business. and Item 1A. Risk Factors Risks Relating to Our Business We are subject to laws and regulations in the United States and other countries in which we operate concerning our operations, including export restrictions, U.S. economic sanctions and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or FCPA, and similar anti-bribery laws. If we are not in compliance with applicable legal requirements, we may be subject to civil or criminal penalties and other remedial measures, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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We benefit from certain tax incentives promulgated by the Belarusian and Hungarian governments. See Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Certain Income Statement Line Items Provision for Income Taxes.
Corporate Information
EPAM Systems, Inc. was incorporated in the State of Delaware on December 18, 2002. Our predecessor entity was founded in 1993. Our principal executive offices are located at 41 University Drive, Suite 202, Newtown, Pennsylvania 18940 and our telephone number is 267-759-9000. We maintain a website at http://www.epam.com. Our website and the information accessible through our website are not incorporated into this annual report.
We make certain filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), including our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments and exhibits to those reports. We make such filings available free of charge through the Investor Relations section of our website, http://investors.epam.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed with the SEC. The filings are also available through the SEC at the SECs Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549 or by calling 1-800-SEC-0330. Also, these filings are available on the internet at http://www.sec.gov. Our press releases and recent analyst presentations are also available on our website. The information on our website does not constitute a part of this annual report.
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Executive Officers of the Registrant
Information about our executive officers required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information in Part III, Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance of this annual report.
Item 1A. | Risk Factors |
Risk factors which could cause actual results to differ from our expectations and which could negatively impact our financial condition and results of operations are discussed below and elsewhere in this annual report. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. If any of the risks or uncertainties described below or any additional risks and uncertainties actually occur, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected. In particular, forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified. See Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.
Risks Relating to Our Business
We may be unable to effectively manage our rapid growth or achieve anticipated growth, which could place significant strain on our management personnel, systems and resources.
We have experienced rapid growth and significantly expanded our business over the past several years. Our revenues grew from $160.6 million in 2008 to $433.8 million in 2012. We have also supplemented our organic growth with strategic acquisitions. As of December 31, 2012, we had 8,495 IT professionals, as compared to 2,890 IT professionals as of December 31, 2007. We intend to continue our expansion in the foreseeable future to pursue existing and potential market opportunities.
Our rapid growth has placed and will continue to place significant demands on our management and our administrative, operational and financial infrastructure. Continued expansion increases the challenges we face in:
| recruiting, training and retaining sufficiently skilled IT professionals and management personnel; |
| adhering to and further improving our high-quality and process execution standards and maintaining high levels of client satisfaction; |
| managing a larger number of clients in a greater number of industries and locations; |
| maintaining effective oversight of personnel and delivery centers; |
| preserving our culture, values and entrepreneurial environment; and |
| developing and improving our internal administrative infrastructure, particularly our financial, operational, communications and other internal systems. |
As a result of these problems associated with expansion, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
Moreover, we intend to continue our expansion in the foreseeable future to pursue existing and potential market opportunities. As we introduce new services or enter into new markets, we may face new market, technological and operational risks and challenges with which we are unfamiliar, and we may not be able to mitigate these risks and challenges to successfully grow those services or markets. We may not be able to achieve our anticipated growth, which could materially adversely affect our business and prospects.
If we fail to attract and retain highly skilled IT professionals, we may not have the necessary resources to properly staff projects, and failure to successfully compete for such IT professionals could materially adversely affect our ability to provide high quality services to our clients.
Our success depends largely on the contributions of our IT professionals and our ability to attract and retain qualified IT professionals. Competition for IT professionals in the markets in which we operate can be intense and, accordingly, we may not be able to retain or hire all of the IT professionals necessary to meet our ongoing and future business needs. Any reductions in headcount for economic or business reasons, however temporary, could negatively affect our reputation as an employer and our ability to hire IT professionals to meet our business requirements.
The total attrition rates among our IT professionals who have worked for us for at least six months were 10.7%, 9.1% and 9.4% for 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. We may encounter higher attrition rates in the future. A significant increase in the attrition rate among IT professionals with specialized skills could decrease our operating efficiency and productivity and could lead to a decline in demand for our services. The competition for highly-skilled IT professionals may require us to increase salaries, and we may be unable to pass on these increased costs to our clients.
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In addition, our ability to maintain and renew existing engagements and obtain new business will depend, in large part, on our ability to attract, train and retain skilled IT professionals, including experienced management IT professionals, which enables us to keep pace with growing demands for outsourcing, evolving industry standards and changing client preferences. If we are unable to attract and retain the highly-skilled IT professionals we need, we may have to forgo projects for lack of resources or be unable to staff projects optimally. Our failure to attract, train and retain IT professionals with the qualifications necessary to fulfill the needs of our existing and future clients or to assimilate new IT professionals successfully could materially adversely affect our ability to provide high quality services to our clients.
Increases in wages and other compensation expense for our IT professionals could prevent us from sustaining our competitive advantage.
Wage costs for IT professionals in CIS and CEE countries are lower than comparable wage costs in more developed countries. However, wage costs in the CIS and CEE IT services industry may increase at a faster rate than in the past, which ultimately may make us less competitive unless we are able to increase the efficiency and productivity of our IT professionals as well as the prices we can charge for our services. Increases in wage costs may reduce our profitability.
Additionally, we have granted certain options under our stock incentive plans and entered into certain other stock-based compensation arrangements in the past, as a result of which we have recorded $6.8 million, $2.9 million and $2.9 million as stock-based compensation expenses for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) prescribes how we account for stock-based compensation which could adversely or negatively impact our results of operations or the price of our common stock. GAAP requires us to recognize stock-based compensation as compensation expense in the statement of operations generally based on the fair value of equity awards on the date of the grant, with compensation expense recognized over the period in which the recipient is required to provide service in exchange for the equity award. The expenses associated with stock-based compensation may reduce the attractiveness of issuing equity awards under our equity incentive plan. However, if we do not grant equity awards, or if we reduce the number of equity awards we grant, we may not be able to attract and retain key personnel. If we grant more equity awards to attract and retain key personnel, the expenses associated with such additional equity awards could materially adversely affect our results of operations. The issuance of equity-based compensation to our IT professionals would also result in additional dilution to our stockholders.
Our success depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if we lose their services.
Our future success heavily depends upon the continued services of our senior executives and other key employees. We currently do not maintain key man life insurance for any of the senior members of our management team or other key personnel. If one or more of our senior executives or key employees are unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, it could disrupt our business operations, and we may not be able to replace them easily or at all. In addition, competition for senior executives and key personnel in our industry is intense, and we may be unable to retain our senior executives and key personnel or attract and retain new senior executives and key personnel in the future, in which case our business may be severely disrupted.
If any of our senior executives or key personnel joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose clients, suppliers, know-how and key IT professionals and staff members to them. Also, if any of our business development managers, who generally keep a close relationship with our clients, joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose clients, and our revenues may be materially adversely affected. Additionally, there could be unauthorized disclosure or use of our technical knowledge, practices or procedures by such personnel. If any dispute arises between our senior executives or key personnel and us, any non-competition, non-solicitation and non-disclosure agreements we have with our senior executives or key personnel might not provide effective protection to us, especially in CIS and CEE countries where some of our senior executives and most of our key employees reside, in light of uncertainties with legal systems in CIS and CEE countries.
Emerging markets such as the CIS and CEE countries are subject to greater risks than more developed markets, including significant legal, economic, tax and political risks.
We have significant operations in CIS and CEE countries which are generally considered to be emerging markets. CEE includes Albania, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Republic of Macedonia, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey and Ukraine. The CIS is comprised of constituents of the former U.S.S.R., including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. Investors in emerging markets should be aware that these markets are vulnerable to market downturns and economic slowdowns elsewhere in the world and are subject to greater risks than more developed markets, including complying with foreign laws and regulations and the potential imposition of trade or foreign exchange restrictions, tax increases, fluctuations in exchange rates, inflation and unstable political situations and labor issues. Investors should also note that emerging economies such as the economies of Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and
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Hungary are subject to rapid change and that the information set forth in this annual report may become outdated relatively quickly. Accordingly, investors should exercise particular care in evaluating the risks involved and must decide for themselves whether, in light of those risks, an investment in our common stock is appropriate.
We generate a significant portion of our revenues from a small number of clients, and any loss of business from these clients could materially reduce our revenues.
Our ability to maintain close relationships with our major clients is essential to the growth and profitability of our business. However, the volume of work performed for a specific client is likely to vary from year to year, especially since we generally are not our clients exclusive IT services provider and we do not have long-term commitments from any clients to purchase our services. A major client in one year may not provide the same level of revenues for us in any subsequent year. The IT services we provide to our clients, and the revenues and net income from those services, may decline or vary as the type and quantity of IT services we provide change over time. Furthermore, our reliance on any individual client for a significant portion of our revenues may give that client a certain degree of pricing leverage against us when negotiating contracts and terms of service.
In addition, a number of factors other than our performance could cause the loss of or reduction in business or revenues from a client, and these factors are not predictable. For example, a client may decide to reduce spending on technology services or sourcing from us due to a challenging economic environment or other factors, both internal and external, relating to its business. These factors, among others, may include corporate restructuring, pricing pressure, changes to its outsourcing strategy, switching to another IT services provider or returning work in-house.
The loss of any of our major clients, or a significant decrease in the volume of work they outsource to us or the price at which we sell our services to them, could materially adversely affect our revenues and thus our results of operations.
Our revenues, operating results and profitability may experience significant variability and, as a result, it may be difficult to make accurate financial forecasts.
Our revenues, operating results and profitability have varied in the past and are likely to vary in the future, which could make it difficult to make accurate financial forecasts. Factors that are likely to cause these variations include:
| the number, timing, scope and contractual terms of IT projects in which we are engaged; |
| delays in project commencement or staffing delays due to difficulty in assigning appropriately skilled or experienced IT professionals; |
| the accuracy of estimates of resources, time and fees required to complete fixed-price projects and costs incurred in the performance of each project; |
| changes in pricing in response to client demand and competitive pressures; |
| changes in the allocation of onsite and offshore staffing; |
| the business decisions of our clients regarding the use of our services; |
| the ability to further grow revenues from existing clients; |
| the available leadership and senior technical resources compared to junior engineering resources staffed on each project; |
| seasonal trends, primarily our hiring cycle and the budget and work cycles of our clients; |
| delays or difficulties in expanding our operational facilities or infrastructure; |
| the ratio of fixed-price contracts to time-and-materials contracts in process; |
| employee wage levels and increases in compensation costs, including timing of promotions and annual pay increases; |
| unexpected changes in the utilization rate of our IT professionals; |
| unanticipated contract or project terminations; |
| the timing of collection of accounts receivable; |
| the continuing financial stability of our clients; and |
| general economic conditions. |
If we are unable to make accurate financial forecasts, it could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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We do not have long-term commitments from our clients, and our clients may terminate contracts before completion or choose not to renew contracts.
Our clients are generally not obligated for any long-term commitments to us. Although a substantial majority of our revenues are generated from repeated business, which we define as revenues from a client who also contributed to our revenues during the prior year, our engagements with our clients are typically for projects that are singular in nature. In addition, our clients can terminate many of our master services agreements and work orders with or without cause, and in most cases without any cancellation charge. Therefore, we must seek to obtain new engagements when our current engagements are successfully completed or are terminated as well as maintain relationships with existing clients and secure new clients to expand our business.
There are a number of factors relating to our clients that are outside of our control which might lead them to terminate a contract or project with us, including:
| financial difficulties for the client; |
| a change in strategic priorities, resulting in elimination of the impetus for the project or a reduced level of technology spending; |
| a change in outsourcing strategy resulting in moving more work to the clients in-house technology departments or to our competitors; |
| the replacement by our clients of existing software with packaged software supported by licensors; and |
| mergers and acquisitions or significant corporate restructurings. |
Failure to perform or observe any contractual obligations could result in cancellation or non-renewal of a contract, which could cause us to experience a higher than expected number of unassigned employees and an increase in our cost of revenues as a percentage of revenues, until we are able to reduce or reallocate our headcount. The ability of our clients to terminate agreements makes our future revenues uncertain. We may not be able to replace any client that elects to terminate or not renew its contract with us, which could materially adversely affect our revenues and thus our results of operations.
In addition, some of our agreements specify that if a change of control of our company occurs during the term of the agreement, the client has the right to terminate the agreement. If any future event triggers any change-of-control provision in our client contracts, these master services agreements may be terminated, which would result in loss of revenues.
Our revenues are highly dependent on clients primarily located in the United States and Europe. Worsening economic conditions or factors that negatively affect the economic health of the United States or Europe could reduce our revenues and thus adversely affect our results of operations.
The recent crisis in the financial and credit markets in North America, Europe and Asia led to a global economic slowdown, with the economies of those regions showing significant signs of weakness. The IT services industry is particularly sensitive to the economic environment, and tends to decline during general economic downturns. We derive a significant portion of our revenues from clients in North America and Europe. If the North American or European economies further weaken or slow, pricing for our services may be depressed and our clients may reduce or postpone their technology spending significantly, which may in turn lower the demand for our services and negatively affect our revenues and profitability.
If we are unable to successfully anticipate changing economic and political conditions affecting the markets in which we operate, we may be unable to effectively plan for or respond to those changes, and our results of operations could be adversely affected.
Our profitability will suffer if we are not able to maintain our resource utilization levels and productivity levels.
Our profitability is significantly impacted by our utilization levels of fixed-cost resources, including human resources as well as other resources such as computers and office space, and our ability to increase our productivity levels. We have expanded our operations significantly in recent years through organic growth and strategic acquisitions, which has resulted in a significant increase in our headcount and fixed overhead costs.
Some of our IT professionals are specially trained to work for specific clients or on specific projects and some of our offshore development centers are dedicated to specific clients or specific projects. Our ability to manage our utilization levels depends significantly on our ability to hire and train high-performing IT professionals and to staff projects appropriately and on the general economy and its effect on our clients and their business decisions regarding the use of our services. If we experience a slowdown or stoppage of work for any client or on any project for which we have dedicated IT professionals or facilities, we may not be able to efficiently reallocate these IT professionals and facilities to other clients and projects to keep their utilization and productivity levels high. If we are not able to maintain optimal resource utilization levels without corresponding cost reductions or price increases, our profitability will suffer.
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We face intense competition from onshore and offshore IT services companies, and increased competition, our inability to compete successfully against competitors, pricing pressures or loss of market share could materially adversely affect our business.
The market for IT services is highly competitive, and we expect competition to persist and intensify. We believe that the principal competitive factors in our markets are reputation and track record, industry expertise, breadth and depth of service offerings, quality of the services offered, language, marketing and selling skills, scalability of infrastructure, ability to address clients timing requirements and price.
We face competition from offshore IT services providers in other outsourcing destinations with low wage costs such as India and China, as well as competition from large, global consulting and outsourcing firms and in-house IT departments of large corporations. Clients tend to engage multiple IT services providers instead of using an exclusive IT services provider, which could reduce our revenues to the extent that clients obtain services from other competing IT services providers. Clients may prefer IT services providers that have more locations or that are based in countries more cost-competitive or more stable than some CIS and CEE countries.
Our ability to compete successfully also depends in part on a number of factors beyond our control, including the ability of our competitors to recruit, train, develop and retain highly-skilled IT professionals, the price at which our competitors offer comparable services and our competitors responsiveness to client needs. Some of our present and potential competitors may have substantially greater financial, marketing or technical resources. Our current and potential competitors may also be able to respond more quickly to new technologies or processes and changes in client demands; may be able to devote greater resources towards the development, promotion and sale of their services than we can; and may also make strategic acquisitions or establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties that increase their ability to address the needs of our clients. Client buying patterns can change if clients become more price sensitive and accepting of low-cost suppliers. Therefore, we cannot assure you that we will be able to retain our clients while competing against such competitors. Increased competition, our inability to compete successfully, pricing pressures or loss of market share could materially adversely affect our business.
We are investing substantial cash in new facilities and physical infrastructure, and our profitability could be reduced if our business does not grow proportionately.
We have made and continue to make significant contractual commitments related to capital expenditures on construction or expansion of our delivery centers, such as in Minsk, Belarus. We may encounter cost overruns or project delays in connection with new facilities. These expansions will likely increase our fixed costs and if we are unable to grow our business and revenues proportionately, our profitability may be reduced.
Our revenues are highly dependent on a limited number of industries, and any decrease in demand for outsourced services in these industries could reduce our revenues and adversely affect our results of operations.
A substantial portion of our clients are concentrated in four specific industry verticals: ISVs and Technology, Banking and Financial Services, Business Information and Media, and Travel and Consumer. Clients in ISVs and Technology accounted for 24.6%, 25.2%, and 29.3% of our revenues in 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Clients in Banking and Financial Services accounted for 25.8%, 22.9%, and 19.4% of our revenues in 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Our business growth largely depends on continued demand for our services from clients in these five industry verticals and other industries that we may target in the future, as well as on trends in these industries to outsource IT services.
A downturn in any of our targeted industries, a slowdown or reversal of the trend to outsource IT services in any of these industries or the introduction of regulations that restrict or discourage companies from outsourcing could result in a decrease in the demand for our services and materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, a worsening of economic conditions in the financial services industry and significant consolidation in that industry may reduce the demand for our services and negatively affect our revenues and profitability.
Other developments in the industries in which we operate may also lead to a decline in the demand for our services in these industries, and we may not be able to successfully anticipate and prepare for any such changes. For example, consolidation in any of these industries or acquisitions, particularly involving our clients, may decrease the potential number of buyers of our services. Our clients may experience rapid changes in their prospects, substantial price competition and pressure on their profitability. This, in turn, may result in increasing pressure on us from clients in these key industries to lower our prices, which could adversely affect our results of operations.
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If we are not successful in managing increasingly large and complex projects, we may not achieve our financial goals and our results of operations could be adversely affected.
To successfully market our service offerings and obtain larger and more complex projects, we need to establish close relationships with our clients and develop a thorough understanding of their operations. In addition, we may face a number of challenges managing larger and more complex projects, including:
| maintaining high-quality control and process execution standards; |
| maintaining planned resource utilization rates on a consistent basis; |
| maintaining productivity levels and implementing necessary process improvements; |
| controlling costs; |
| maintaining close client contact and high levels of client satisfaction; and |
| maintaining effective client relationships. |
Our ability to successfully manage large and complex projects depends significantly on the skills of our management personnel and IT professionals, some of whom do not have experience managing large-scale or complex projects. In addition, large and complex projects may involve multiple engagements or stages, and there is a risk that a client may choose not to retain us for additional stages or may cancel or delay additional planned engagements. Such cancellations or delays may make it difficult to plan our project resource requirements. If we fail to successfully obtain engagements for large and complex projects, we may not achieve our revenue growth and other financial goals. Even if we are successful in obtaining such engagements, a failure by us to effectively manage these large and complex projects could damage our reputation, cause us to lose business, impact our margins and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
If we are unable to adapt to rapidly changing technologies, methodologies and evolving industry standards we may lose clients and our business could be materially adversely affected.
Rapidly changing technologies, methodologies and evolving industry standards characterize the market for our services. Our future success will depend in part upon our ability to anticipate developments in IT services, enhance our existing services and to develop and introduce new services to keep pace with such changes and developments and to meet changing client needs. The process of developing our client solutions is extremely complex and is expected to become increasingly complex and expensive in the future due to the introduction of new platforms, operating systems, technologies and methodologies. Our ability to keep up with technology, methodology and business changes is subject to a number of risks, including that:
| we may find it difficult or costly to update our services, applications, tools and software and to develop new services quickly enough to meet our clients needs; |
| we may find it difficult or costly to make some features of our software work effectively and securely over the Internet or with new or changed operating systems; |
| we may find it difficult or costly to update our software and services to keep pace with business, evolving industry standards, methodologies, regulatory and other developments in the industries where our clients operate; and |
| we may find it difficult to maintain a high level of quality in implementing new technologies and methodologies. |
We may not be successful in anticipating or responding to these developments in a timely manner, or if we do respond, the services, technologies or methodologies we develop or implement may not be successful in the marketplace. Further, services, technologies or methodologies that are developed by our competitors may render our services non-competitive or obsolete. Our failure to enhance our existing services and to develop and introduce new services to promptly address the needs of our clients could cause us to lose clients and materially adversely affect our business.
We face risks associated with having a long selling and implementation cycle for our services that require us to make significant resource commitments prior to realizing revenues for those services.
We have a long selling cycle for our IT services, which requires significant investment of human resources and time by both our clients and us. Before committing to use our services, potential clients require us to expend substantial time and resources educating them on the value of our services and our ability to meet their requirements. Therefore, our selling cycle is subject to many risks and delays over which we have little or no control, including our clients decision to choose alternatives to our services (such as other IT services providers or in-house resources) and the timing of our clients budget cycles and approval processes. If our sales cycle unexpectedly lengthens for one or more large projects, it would negatively affect the timing of our revenues and hinder our revenue growth. For certain clients, we may begin work and incur costs prior to concluding the contract. A delay in our ability to obtain a signed agreement or other persuasive evidence of an arrangement, or to complete certain contract requirements in a particular quarter, could reduce our revenues in that quarter.
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Implementing our services also involves a significant commitment of resources over an extended period of time from both our clients and us. Our clients may experience delays in obtaining internal approvals or delays associated with technology, thereby further delaying the implementation process. Our current and future clients may not be willing or able to invest the time and resources necessary to implement our services, and we may fail to close sales with potential clients to which we have devoted significant time and resources. Any significant failure to generate revenues or delays in recognizing revenues after incurring costs related to our sales or services process could materially adversely affect our business.
We may not be able to recognize revenues in the period in which our services are performed, which may cause our margins to fluctuate.
Our services are performed under both time-and-material and fixed-price contract arrangements. All revenues are recognized pursuant to applicable accounting standards. We recognize revenues when realized or realizable and earned, which is when the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the sales price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. If there is an uncertainty about the project completion or receipt of payment for the services, revenues are deferred until the uncertainty is sufficiently resolved.
Additionally, we recognize revenues from fixed-price contracts based on the proportional performance method. In instances where final acceptance of the system or solution is specified by the client, revenues are deferred until all acceptance criteria have been met. In absence of a sufficient basis to measure progress towards completion, revenues are recognized upon receipt of final acceptance from the client. Our failure to meet all the acceptance criteria, or otherwise meet a clients expectations, may result in our having to record the cost related to the performance of services in the period that services were rendered, but delay the timing of revenue recognition to a future period in which all acceptance criteria have been met.
If our pricing structures are based on inaccurate expectations and assumptions regarding the cost and complexity of performing our work, then our contracts could be unprofitable.
We negotiate pricing terms with our clients utilizing a range of pricing structures and conditions. Our pricing is highly dependent on our internal forecasts and predictions about our projects and the marketplace, which might be based on limited data and could turn out to be inaccurate. If we do not accurately estimate the costs and timing for completing projects, our contracts could prove unprofitable for us. We face a number of risks when pricing our contracts, as many of our projects entail the coordination of operations and personnel in multiple locations with different skill sets and competencies. Our pricing and cost estimates for the work that we perform sometimes include anticipated long-term cost savings from transformational and other initiatives that we expect to achieve and sustain over the life of the contract. There is a risk that we will underprice our projects, particularly with fixed-price contracts, fail to accurately estimate the costs of performing the work or fail to accurately assess the risks associated with potential contracts. In particular, any increased or unexpected costs, delays or failures to achieve anticipated cost savings, or unexpected risks we encounter in connection with the performance of this work, including those caused by factors outside our control, could make these contracts less profitable or unprofitable.
In addition, a number of our contracts contain pricing terms that condition a portion of the payment of fees by the client on our ability to meet defined performance goals, service levels and completion schedules set forth in the contracts. Our failure to meet such performance goals, service levels or completion schedules or our failure to meet client expectations in such contracts may result in less profitable or unprofitable engagements.
Our profitability could suffer if we are not able to maintain favorable pricing rates.
Our profitability and operating results are dependent on the rates we are able to charge for our services. Our rates are affected by a number of factors, including:
| our clients perception of our ability to add value through our services; |
| our competitors pricing policies; |
| bid practices of clients and their use of third-party vendors; |
| the mix of onsite and offshore staffing; |
| employee wage levels and increases in compensation costs, including timing of promotions and annual pay increases; |
| our ability to charge premium prices when justified by market demand or the type of service; and |
| general economic conditions. |
If we are not able to maintain favorable pricing for our services, our profitability could suffer.
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If we are unable to collect our receivables from, or bill our unbilled services to, our clients, our results of operations and cash flows could be materially adversely affected.
Our business depends on our ability to successfully obtain payment from our clients of the amounts they owe us for work performed. We usually bill and collect on relatively short cycles. We maintain allowances against receivables. Actual losses on client balances could differ from those that we currently anticipate and, as a result, we might need to adjust our allowances. There is no guarantee that we will accurately assess the creditworthiness of our clients. Weak macroeconomic conditions and related turmoil in the global financial system could also result in financial difficulties, including limited access to the credit markets, insolvency, or bankruptcy for our clients, and, as a result, could cause clients to delay payments to us, request modifications to their payment arrangements that could increase our receivables balance, or default on their payment obligations to us. Timely collection of client balances also depends on our ability to complete our contractual commitments and bill and collect our contracted revenues. If we are unable to meet our contractual requirements, we might experience delays in collection of and/or be unable to collect our client balances, and if this occurs, our results of operations and cash flows could be materially adversely affected. Moreover, in the event of delays in payment from our governmental and quasi-governmental clients, we may have difficulty collecting on receivables owed. In addition, if we experience an increase in the time to bill and collect for our services, our cash flows could be materially adversely affected.
Our ability to generate and retain business depends on our reputation in the marketplace.
Our services are marketed to clients and prospective clients based on a number of factors. Since many of our specific client engagements involve unique services and solutions, our corporate reputation is a significant factor in our clients evaluation of whether to engage our services. We believe the EPAM brand name and our reputation are important corporate assets that help distinguish our services from those of our competitors and also contribute to our efforts to recruit and retain talented employees. However, our corporate reputation is potentially susceptible to damage by actions or statements made by current or former clients, competitors, vendors, adversaries in legal proceedings, government regulators, as well as members of the investment community and the media. There is a risk that negative information about our company, even if based on false rumor or misunderstanding, could adversely affect our business. In particular, damage to our reputation could be difficult and time-consuming to repair, could make potential or existing clients reluctant to select us for new engagements, resulting in a loss of business, and could adversely affect our recruitment and retention efforts. Damage to our reputation could also reduce the value and effectiveness of the EPAM brand name and could reduce investor confidence in us.
Our effective tax rate could be materially adversely affected by several factors.
We conduct business globally and file income tax returns in multiple jurisdictions. Our effective tax rate could be materially adversely affected by several factors, including changes in the amount of income taxed by or allocated to the various jurisdictions in which we operate that have differing statutory tax rates; changing tax laws, regulations and interpretations of such tax laws in multiple jurisdictions; and the resolution of issues arising from tax audits or examinations and any related interest or penalties.
We report our results of operations based on our determination of the amount of taxes owed in the various jurisdictions in which we operate. We have transfer pricing arrangements among our subsidiaries in relation to various aspects of our business, including operations, marketing, sales and delivery functions. U.S. transfer pricing regulations, as well as regulations applicable in CIS and CEE countries in which we operate, require that any international transaction involving associated enterprises be on arms-length terms. We consider the transactions among our subsidiaries to be on arms-length terms. The determination of our consolidated provision for income taxes and other tax liabilities requires estimation, judgment and calculations where the ultimate tax determination may not be certain. Our determination of tax liability is always subject to review or examination by authorities in various jurisdictions.
If a tax authority in any jurisdiction reviews any of our tax returns and proposes an adjustment, including as a result of a determination that the transfer prices and terms we have applied are not appropriate, such an adjustment could have a negative impact on our business.
Our earnings could be adversely affected if we change our intent not to repatriate earnings in the CIS and CEE or such earnings become subject to U.S. tax on a current basis.
We do not accrue incremental U.S. taxes on all CIS and CEE earnings as these earnings (as well as other foreign earnings for all periods) are considered to be indefinitely reinvested outside of the United States. While we have no plans to do so, events may occur in the future that could effectively force us to change our intent not to repatriate our foreign earnings. If we change our intent and repatriate such earnings, we will have to accrue the applicable amount of taxes associated with such earnings and pay taxes at a substantially higher rate than our effective income tax rate in 2013. These increased taxes could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
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Our operating results may be negatively impacted by the loss of certain tax benefits provided by the governments of Belarus, Hungary and Russia to companies in our industry.
Our subsidiary in Belarus is a member of the Belarus Hi-Tech Park, in which member technology companies are exempt or levied at a reduced rate on a variety of taxes, including a 100% exemption from Belarusian income tax (which as of the date of this annual report was 18% and an exemption from the value added tax, for a period of 15 consecutive years effective July 1, 2006). In addition, our subsidiary in Hungary benefits from a tax credit of 10% of qualified salaries, taken over a four-year period, for up to 70% of the total tax due for that period. We have been able to take the full 70% credit for 2007 to 2012. The Hungarian tax authorities repealed the tax credit beginning with 2012. Credits earned in years prior to 2012, however, will be allowed through 2014. We anticipate full utilization up to the 70% limit until 2014, with full phase out in 2015. Our subsidiary in Russia benefits from a substantially reduced rate on social contributions and an exemption on value added tax in certain circumstances, which is a benefit to qualified IT companies in Russia. If the tax holiday relating to our Belarusian subsidiary, the tax incentives relating to our Hungarian subsidiary or the lower tax rates and social contributions relating to our Russian subsidiary are changed, terminated, not extended or comparable new tax incentives are not introduced, we expect that our effective income tax rate and/or our operating expenses would increase significantly, which could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. See Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Certain Income Statement Line Items Provision for Income Taxes.
Our agreement with one of our largest clients gives it the option to assume the operations of one of our offshore development centers, and the exercise of that option could result in a loss of future revenues and adversely affect our results of operations.
During the four-year term of our agreement with one of our largest clients, which ends in December 2014 unless extended by the client, the client is entitled to request us to transfer to it or its designees all of the operating relationships, including employment relationships with the employees dedicated to the offshore development center and contracts with subcontractors, at a pre-determined transfer price dependent on the experience level of the transferred employee and the duration such employee worked on projects for the client. We are required to transfer assets that have already been financed by the client under our agreement, such as our offshore development center dedicated to the client, at a de minimis pre-agreed price. Since our client has already financed such assets, the carrying value of such assets is de minimis. In addition to the above amounts, the client is also required to pay a negotiated value or book value for the assets to be transferred that have not already been financed by the client. This client accounted for 9.2%, 6.3% and 2.9% of our revenues in 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. In addition, under our agreement, the client has the right to step in and take over all or part of the offshore development center in certain instances, including if we are in material default under certain provisions of our agreement, such as those related to the level or quality of our services, or the client has determined it is otherwise obliged to do so in emergencies or for regulatory reasons. In the event the client takes over any services we provide under our agreement, it will not be obligated to pay us for the provision of those services. If the client exercises these rights, we would lose future revenues related to the services we provide to the client, as well as lose some of our assets and key employees, and our losses may not be fully covered by the contractual payment, which could adversely affect our results of operations.
Undetected software design defects, errors or failures may result in loss of or delay in market acceptance of our services or in liabilities that could materially adversely affect our business.
Our software development solutions involve a high degree of technological complexity and have unique specifications and could contain design defects or software errors that are difficult to detect and correct. Errors or defects may result in the loss of current clients and loss of, or delay in, revenues, loss of market share, loss of client data, a failure to attract new clients or achieve market acceptance, diversion of development resources and increased support or service costs. We cannot assure you that, despite testing by us and our clients, errors will not be found in new software product development solutions, which could result in litigation and other claims for damages against us and thus could materially adversely affect our business.
Disruptions in internet infrastructure, telecommunications or significant failure in our IT systems could harm our service model, which could result in a reduction of our revenue.
Part of our service model is to maintain active voice and data communications, financial control, accounting, customer service and other data processing systems between our clients offices, our delivery centers and our client management locations (including our headquarters in Newtown, PA). Our business activities may be materially disrupted in the event of a partial or complete failure of any of these internet, IT or communication systems, which could be caused by, among other things, software malfunction, computer virus attacks, conversion errors due to system upgrading, damage from fire, earthquake, power loss, telecommunications failure, unauthorized entry, demands placed on internet infrastructure by growing numbers of users and time spent online or increased bandwidth requirements or other events beyond our control. Loss of all or part of the infrastructure or systems for a period of time could hinder our performance or our ability to complete client projects on time which, in turn, could lead to a reduction of our revenue or otherwise materially adversely affect our business and business reputation.
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Our computer networks may be vulnerable to security risks that could disrupt our services and cause us to incur losses or liabilities that could adversely affect our business.
Our computer networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer hackers, computer viruses, worms, malicious applications and other security problems caused by unauthorized access to, or improper use of, systems by third parties or employees. A hacker who circumvents security measures could misappropriate proprietary information, including personally identifiable information, or cause interruptions or malfunctions in our operations. Although we intend to continue to implement security measures, computer attacks or disruptions may jeopardize the security of information stored in and transmitted through our computer systems. Actual or perceived concerns that our systems may be vulnerable to such attacks or disruptions may deter our clients from using our solutions or services. As a result, we may be required to expend significant resources to protect against the threat of these security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by these breaches.
Data networks are also vulnerable to attacks, unauthorized access and disruptions. For example, in a number of public networks, hackers have bypassed firewalls and misappropriated confidential information, including personally identifiable information. It is possible that, despite existing safeguards, an employee could misappropriate our clients proprietary information or data, exposing us to a risk of loss or litigation and possible liability. Losses or liabilities that are incurred as a result of any of the foregoing could adversely affect our business.
If we cause disruptions to our clients businesses or provide inadequate service, our clients may have claims for substantial damages against us, which could cause us to lose clients, have a negative effect on our reputation and adversely affect our results of operations.
If our IT professionals make errors in the course of delivering services to our clients or fail to consistently meet service requirements of a client, these errors or failures could disrupt the clients business, which could result in a reduction in our revenues or a claim for substantial damages against us. In addition, a failure or inability to meet a contractual requirement could seriously damage our reputation and affect our ability to attract new business.
The services we provide are often critical to our clients businesses. Certain of our client contracts require us to comply with security obligations including maintaining network security and backup data, ensuring our network is virus-free, maintaining business continuity planning procedures, and verifying the integrity of employees that work with our clients by conducting background checks. Any failure in a clients system or breach of security relating to the services we provide to the client could damage our reputation or result in a claim for substantial damages against us. Any significant failure of our equipment or systems, or any major disruption to basic infrastructure like power and telecommunications in the locations in which we operate, could impede our ability to provide services to our clients, have a negative impact on our reputation, cause us to lose clients, and adversely affect our results of operations.
Under our contracts with our clients, our liability for breach of our obligations is in some cases limited pursuant to the terms of the contract. Such limitations may be unenforceable or otherwise may not protect us from liability for damages. In addition, certain liabilities, such as claims of third parties for which we may be required to indemnify our clients, are generally not limited under our contracts. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against us in amounts greater than those covered by our current insurance policies could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Even if such assertions against us are unsuccessful, we may incur reputational harm and substantial legal fees.
Our subcontracting practices may expose us to technical uncertainties, potential liabilities and reputational harm.
In order to meet our personnel needs, increase workforce flexibility, and improve pricing competitiveness, we use subcontractors and freelancers primarily to perform short-term assignments in certain specialty areas or on other projects where it is impractical to use our employees, or where we need to supplement our resources. We also use subcontractors for internal assignments, such as assisting in development of internal systems, recruiting, training, human resources consulting and administration, and other similar support functions. Despite certain advantages of subcontracting, such arrangements also give rise to a number of risks.
Although we try to source competent and credible third parties as our subcontractors, they may not be able to deliver the level of service that our clients expect us to deliver. Furthermore, we enter into confidentiality agreements with our subcontractors, but we cannot guarantee that they will not breach the confidentiality of us or our clients and misappropriate our or our clients proprietary information and technology in the course of providing service. We, as the party to the contract with the client, are directly responsible for the losses our subcontractors cause our clients. Under the subcontracting agreements we enter into, our subcontractors generally promise to indemnify us for damages caused by their breach, but we may be unable to collect under these agreements. Moreover, their breaches may damage our reputation, cause us to lose existing business and adversely affect our ability to acquire new business in the future.
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There may be adverse tax and employment law consequences if the independent contractor status of our IT professionals or the exempt status of our employees is successfully challenged.
Some of our IT professionals are retained as independent contractors. Although we believe that we have properly classified these individuals as independent contractors, there is nevertheless a risk that the IRS or another federal, state, provincial or foreign authority will take a different view. Furthermore, the tests governing the determination of whether an individual is considered to be an independent contractor or an employee are typically fact sensitive and vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Laws and regulations that govern the status and misclassification of independent contractors are subject to change or interpretation by various authorities. If a federal, state, provincial or foreign authority or court enacts legislation or adopts regulations that change the manner in which employees and independent contractors are classified or makes any adverse determination with respect to some or all of our independent contractors, we could incur significant costs under such laws and regulations, including for prior periods, in respect of tax withholding, social security taxes or payments, workers compensation and unemployment contributions, and recordkeeping, or we may be required to modify our business model, any of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. There is also a risk that we may be subject to significant monetary liabilities arising from fines or judgments as a result of any such actual or alleged non-compliance with federal, state, provincial or foreign tax laws. Further, if it were determined that any of our independent contractors should be treated as employees, we could possibly incur additional liabilities under our applicable employee benefit plans.
In addition, we have classified all of our U.S. employees as exempt under the Federal Labor Standards Act, or the FLSA. If it were determined that any of our U.S. employees should be classified as non-exempt under the FLSA, we may incur costs and liabilities for back wages, unpaid overtime, fines or penalties and/or be subject to employee litigation.
Our insurance coverage may be inadequate to protect us against losses.
Although we maintain some insurance coverage, including professional liability insurance, property insurance coverage for certain of our facilities and equipment and business interruption insurance coverage for certain of our operations, we do not insure for all risks in our operations. If any claims for injury are brought against us, or if we experience any business disruption, litigation or natural disaster, we might incur substantial costs and diversion of resources.
Most of the agreements we have entered into with our clients require us to purchase and maintain specified insurance coverage during the terms of the agreements, including commercial general insurance or public liability insurance, umbrella insurance, product liability insurance, and workers compensation insurance. Some of these types of insurance are not available on reasonable terms or at all in CIS and CEE countries. Although to date no client has brought any claims against us for such failure, our clients have the right to terminate these agreements as a result of such failure.
Our business could be negatively affected if we incur legal liability, including with respect to our indemnification obligations, in connection with providing our solutions and services.
If we fail to meet our contractual obligations or otherwise breach obligations to our clients, we could be subject to legal liability. We may enter into non-standard agreements because we perceive an important economic opportunity or because our personnel did not adequately adhere to our guidelines. In addition, the contracting practices of our competitors may cause contract terms and conditions that are unfavorable to us to become standard in the marketplace. If we cannot or do not perform our obligations, we could face legal liability and our contracts might not always protect us adequately through limitations on the scope and/or amount of our potential liability. If we cannot, or do not, meet our contractual obligations to provide solutions and services, and if our exposure is not adequately limited through the terms of our agreements, we might face significant legal liability and our financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
In the normal course of business and in conjunction with certain client engagements, we have entered into contractual arrangements through which we may be obligated to indemnify clients or other parties with whom we conduct business with respect to certain matters. These arrangements can include provisions whereby we agree to defend and hold the indemnified party and certain of their affiliates harmless with respect to claims related to matters including our breach of certain representations, warranties or covenants, or out of our intellectual property infringement, our gross negligence or willful misconduct, and certain other claims. Payments by us under any of these arrangements are generally conditioned on the client making a claim and providing us with full control over the defense and settlement of such claim. It is not possible to determine the maximum potential amount under these indemnification agreements due to the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular agreement, and any claims under these agreements may not be subject to liability limits or exclusion of consequential, indirect or punitive damages. Historically, we have not made payments under these indemnification agreements so they have not had any impact on our operating results, financial position, or cash flows. However, if events arise requiring us to make payment for indemnification claims under our indemnification obligations in contracts we have entered, such payments could have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
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We may be liable to our clients for damages caused by a violation of intellectual property rights, the disclosure of other confidential information, including personally identifiable information, system failures, errors or unsatisfactory performance of services, and our insurance policies may not be sufficient to cover these damages.
We often have access to, and are required to collect and store, sensitive or confidential client information, including personally identifiable information. Some of our client agreements do not limit our potential liability for breaches of confidentiality, infringement indemnity and certain other matters. Furthermore, breaches of confidentiality may entitle the aggrieved party to equitable remedies, including injunctive relief. If any person, including any of our employees, penetrates our network security or misappropriates sensitive or confidential client information, including personally identifiable information, we could be subject to significant liability from our clients or from our clients customers for breaching contractual confidentiality provisions or privacy laws. The protection of the intellectual property rights and other confidential information or personally identifiable information of our clients is particularly important for us since our operations are mainly based in CIS and CEE countries. CIS and CEE countries have not traditionally enforced intellectual property protection to the same extent as countries such as the United States. Despite measures we take to protect the intellectual property and other confidential information or personally identifiable information of our clients, unauthorized parties, including our employees and subcontractors, may attempt to misappropriate certain intellectual property rights that are proprietary to our clients or otherwise breach our clients confidences. Unauthorized disclosure of sensitive or confidential client information, including personally identifiable information, or a violation of intellectual property rights, whether through employee misconduct, breach of our computer systems, systems failure or otherwise, may subject us to liabilities, damage our reputation and cause us to lose clients.
Many of our contracts involve projects that are critical to the operations of our clients businesses and provide benefits to our clients that may be difficult to quantify. Any failure in a clients system or any breach of security could result in a claim for substantial damages against us, regardless of our responsibility for such failure. Furthermore, any errors by our employees in the performance of services for a client, or poor execution of such services, could result in a client terminating our engagement and seeking damages from us.
Although we attempt to limit our contractual liability for consequential damages in rendering our services, these limitations on liability may not apply in all circumstances, may be unenforceable in some cases, or may be insufficient to protect us from liability for damages. There may be instances when liabilities for damages are greater than the insurance coverage we hold and we will have to internalize those losses, damages and liabilities not covered by our insurance.
We may not be able to prevent unauthorized use of our intellectual property, and our intellectual property rights may not be adequate to protect our business and competitive position.
We rely on a combination of copyright, trademark, unfair competition and trade secret laws, as well as confidentiality agreements and other methods to protect our intellectual property rights. Implementation of intellectual property-related laws in CIS and CEE countries has historically been lacking, primarily because of ambiguities in the laws and difficulties in enforcement. Accordingly, protection of intellectual property rights and confidentiality in CIS and CEE countries may not be as effective as that in the United States or other countries.
To protect our and our clients proprietary information and other intellectual property, we require our employees, independent contractors, vendors and clients to enter into written confidentiality agreements with us. These agreements may not provide meaningful protection for trade secrets, know-how or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use, misappropriation or disclosure of such trade secrets, know-how or other proprietary information. Policing unauthorized use of proprietary technology is difficult and expensive. The steps we have taken may be inadequate to prevent the misappropriation of our and our clients proprietary technology. Reverse engineering, unauthorized copying or other misappropriation of our and our clients proprietary technologies, tools and applications could enable third parties to benefit from our or our clients technologies, tools and applications without paying us for doing so, and our clients may hold us liable for that act and seek damages and compensation from us, which could harm our business and competitive position.
We rely on our trademarks, trade names, service marks and brand names to distinguish our services and solutions from the services of our competitors, and have registered or applied to register several of these trademarks. We cannot assure you that our trademark applications will be approved. Third parties may oppose our trademark applications, or otherwise challenge our use of our trademarks. For instance, in 2005, we entered into a Consent of Use and Settlement Agreement that allowed a third party to use the mark ePAM (as capitalized in the foregoing) and restricted our ability to do so. For more information see Item 1. Business Intellectual Property. In the event that our trademarks are successfully challenged, we could be forced to rebrand our services and solutions, which could result in loss of brand recognition, and could require us to devote resources to advertising and marketing new brands. Further, we cannot assure you that competitors will not infringe our trademarks, or that we will have adequate resources to enforce our trademarks.
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We may need to enforce our intellectual property rights through litigation. Litigation relating to our intellectual property may not prove successful and might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.
In addition, we rely on certain third-party software to conduct our business. If we lose the licenses which permit us to use such software, they may be difficult to replace and it may be costly to do so.
We may face intellectual property infringement claims that could be time-consuming and costly to defend. If we fail to defend ourselves against such claims, we may lose significant intellectual property rights and may be unable to continue providing our existing services.
Our success largely depends on our ability to use and develop our technology, tools, code, methodologies and services without infringing the intellectual property rights of third parties, including patents, copyrights, trade secrets and trademarks. We may be subject to litigation involving claims of patent infringement or violation of other intellectual property rights of third parties. We typically indemnify clients who purchase our services and solutions against potential infringement of intellectual property rights, which subjects us to the risk of indemnification claims. These claims may require us to initiate or defend protracted and costly litigation on behalf of our clients, regardless of the merits of these claims and are often not subject to liability limits or exclusion of consequential, indirect or punitive damages. If any of these claims succeed, we may be forced to pay damages on behalf of our clients, redesign or cease offering our allegedly infringing services or solutions, or obtain licenses for the intellectual property such services or solutions allegedly infringe. If we cannot obtain all necessary licenses on commercially reasonable terms, our clients may be forced to stop using our services or solutions.
The holders of patents and other intellectual property rights potentially relevant to our service offerings may make it difficult for us to acquire a license on commercially acceptable terms. Also, we may be unaware of intellectual property registrations or applications relating to our services that may give rise to potential infringement claims against us. There may also be technologies licensed to and relied on by us that are subject to infringement or other corresponding allegations or claims by third parties which may damage our ability to rely on such technologies.
Further, our current and former employees and/or subcontractors could challenge our exclusive rights in the software they have developed in the course of their employment. In Russia and certain other countries in which we operate, an employer is deemed to own the copyright in works created by its employees during the course, and within the scope, of their employment, but the employer may be required to satisfy additional legal requirements in order to make further use and dispose of such works. While we believe that we have complied with all such requirements, and have fulfilled all requirements necessary to acquire all rights in software developed by our independent contractors and/or subcontractors, these requirements are often ambiguously defined and enforced. As a result, we cannot assure that we would be successful in defending against any claim by our current or former employees, independent contractors and/or subcontractors challenging our exclusive rights over the use and transfer of works those employees, independent contractors and/or subcontractors created or requesting additional compensation for such works.
We are subject to additional risks as a result of our recent and possible future acquisitions and the hiring of new employees who may misappropriate intellectual property from their former employers. The developers of the technology that we have acquired or may acquire may not have appropriately created, maintained or enforced intellectual property rights in such technology. Indemnification and other rights under acquisition documents may be limited in term and scope and may therefore provide little or no protection from these risks. Parties making infringement claims may be able to obtain an injunction to prevent us from delivering our services or using technology involving the allegedly infringing intellectual property. Intellectual property litigation is expensive and time-consuming and could divert managements attention from our business. A successful infringement claim against us, whether with or without merit, could, among others things, require us to pay substantial damages, develop non-infringing technology, or rebrand our name or enter into royalty or license agreements that may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all, and would require us to cease making, licensing or using products that have infringed a third partys intellectual property rights. Protracted litigation could also result in existing or potential clients deferring or limiting their purchase or use of our software product development services or solutions until resolution of such litigation, or could require us to indemnify our clients against infringement claims in certain instances. Any intellectual property claim or litigation in this area, whether we ultimately win or lose, could damage our reputation and materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our global operations expose us to numerous and sometimes conflicting legal and regulatory requirements, and violations or unfavorable interpretation by authorities of these regulations could harm our business.
Because we provide IT services to clients throughout the world, we are subject to numerous, and sometimes conflicting, legal rules on matters as diverse as import/export controls, content requirements, trade restrictions, tariffs, taxation, sanctions, government affairs, internal and disclosure control obligations, data privacy and labor relations, particularly in the CIS and CEE countries in which we operate. Our systems and operations are located almost entirely in the CIS and CEE and laws and regulations that are applicable to us, but not to our competitors, may impede our ability to develop and offer services that compete effectively with those offered by our non-CIS or -CEE based competitors and generally available worldwide. Violations of these laws or regulations in the conduct of our
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business could result in fines, criminal sanctions against us or our officers, prohibitions on doing business, damage to our reputation and other unintended consequences such as liability for monetary damages, fines and/or criminal prosecution, unfavorable publicity, restrictions on our ability to process information and allegations by our clients that we have not performed our contractual obligations. Due to the varying degrees of development of the legal systems of the countries in which we operate, local laws might be insufficient to protect our rights. Our failure to comply with applicable legal and regulatory requirements could materially adversely affect our business.
We are subject to laws and regulations in the United States and other countries in which we operate concerning our operations, including export restrictions, U.S. economic sanctions and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or FCPA, and similar anti-bribery laws. If we are not in compliance with applicable legal requirements, we may be subject to civil or criminal penalties and other remedial measures.
Our operations are subject to laws and regulations restricting our operations, including activities involving restricted countries, organizations, entities and persons that have been identified as unlawful actors or that are subject to U.S. sanctions imposed by the Office of Foreign Assets Control, or OFAC, or other international economic sanctions that prohibit us from engaging in trade or financial transactions with certain countries, businesses, organizations and individuals. We are subject to the FCPA, which prohibits U.S. companies and their intermediaries from bribing foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or keeping business or otherwise obtaining favorable treatment, and other laws concerning our international operations. The FCPAs foreign counterparts contain similar prohibitions, although varying in both scope and jurisdiction. We operate in many parts of the world that have experienced governmental corruption to some degree, and, in certain circumstances, strict compliance with anti-bribery laws may conflict with local customs and practices.
We have recently developed and are in the process of implementing formal controls and procedures to ensure that we are in compliance with the FCPA, OFAC sanctions, and similar sanctions, laws and regulations. The implementation of such procedures may be time consuming and expensive, and could result in the discovery of issues or violations with respect to the foregoing by us or our employees, independent contractors, subcontractors or agents of which we were previously unaware.
Any violations of these laws, regulations and procedures by our employees, independent contractors, subcontractors and agents could expose us to administrative, civil or criminal penalties, fines or restrictions on export activities (including other U.S. laws and regulations as well as foreign and local laws) and would adversely affect our reputation and the market for shares of our common stock and may require certain of our investors to disclose their investment in our company under certain state laws. If we are not in compliance with export restrictions, U.S. or international economic sanctions or other laws and regulations that apply to our operations, we may be subject to civil or criminal penalties and other remedial measures.
Anti-outsourcing legislation, if adopted, could harm our ability to compete effectively and impair our ability to service our clients.
The issue of companies outsourcing services to organizations operating in other countries is a topic of political discussion in many countries, including the United States, which is our largest source of revenues. Many organizations and public figures in the United States and Europe have publicly expressed concern about a perceived association between offshore outsourcing IT services providers and the loss of jobs in their home countries. For example, measures aimed at limiting or restricting outsourcing by U.S. companies are periodically considered in Congress and in numerous state legislatures to address concerns over the perceived association between offshore outsourcing and the loss of jobs in the United States. A number of U.S. states have passed legislation that restricts state government entities from outsourcing certain work to offshore IT services providers. Given the ongoing debate over this issue, the introduction and consideration of other restrictive legislation is possible. If enacted, such measures may broaden restrictions on outsourcing by federal and state government agencies and on government contracts with firms that outsource services directly or indirectly, impact private industry with measures such as tax disincentives or intellectual property transfer restrictions, and/or restrict the use of certain business visas. In the event that any of these measures becomes law, our ability to service our clients could be impaired and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
Legislation enacted in certain European jurisdictions and any future legislation in Europe or any other country in which we have clients restricting the performance of services from an offshore location could also materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, legislation enacted in the United Kingdom, based on the 1977 EC Acquired Rights Directive, has been adopted in some form by many European Union countries, and provides that if a company outsources all or part of its business to an IT services provider or changes its current IT services provider, the affected employees of the company or of the previous IT services provider are entitled to become employees of the new IT services provider, generally on the same terms and conditions as their original employment. In addition, dismissals of employees who were employed by the company or the previous IT services provider immediately prior to that transfer are automatically considered unfair dismissals that entitle such employees to compensation. As a result, in order to avoid unfair dismissal claims, we may have to offer, and become liable for, voluntary redundancy payments to the employees of our clients who outsource business to us in the United Kingdom and other European Union
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countries who have adopted similar laws. This legislation could materially affect our ability to obtain new business from companies in the United Kingdom and European Union and to provide outsourced services to companies in the United Kingdom and European Union in a cost-effective manner.
In addition, from time to time, there has been publicity about negative experiences associated with offshore outsourcing, such as theft and misappropriation of sensitive client data. Current or prospective clients may elect to perform certain services themselves or may be discouraged from transferring services from onshore to offshore IT services providers to avoid negative perceptions that may be associated with using an offshore IT services provider. Any slowdown or reversal of the existing industry trends toward offshore outsourcing would seriously harm our ability to compete effectively with competitors that provide services from within the country in which our clients operate.
Our international sales and operations are subject to many uncertainties.
Revenues from clients outside North America represented 50.8%, 48.8% and 45.5% of our revenues for 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. We anticipate that clients outside North America will continue to account for a material portion of our revenues in the foreseeable future and may increase as we expand our international presence, particularly in Europe and the CIS. In addition, the majority of our employees, along with our development and delivery centers, are located in the CIS and CEE. As a result, we may be subject to risks inherently associated with international operations, including risks associated with foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, which may cause volatility in our reported income, and risks associated with the application and imposition of protective legislation and regulations relating to import or export or otherwise resulting from foreign policy or the variability of foreign economic conditions.
Additional risks associated with international operations include difficulties in enforcing intellectual property and/or contractual rights, the burdens of complying with a wide variety of foreign laws, potentially adverse tax consequences, tariffs, quotas and other barriers and potential difficulties in collecting accounts receivable. In addition, we may face competition in other countries from companies that may have more experience with operations in such countries or with international operations. Additionally, such companies may have long-standing or well-established relationships with desired clients, which may put us at a competitive disadvantage. We may also face difficulties integrating new facilities in different countries into our existing operations, as well as integrating employees that we hire in different countries into our existing corporate culture. Our international expansion plans may not be successful and we may not be able to compete effectively in other countries. There can be no assurance that these and other factors will not impede the success of our international expansion plans or limit our ability to compete effectively in other countries.
Restrictions on immigration may affect our ability to compete for and provide services to clients in the United States or other countries, which could hamper our growth and cause our revenues to decline.
The vast majority of our employees are nationals of CIS and CEE countries. Some of our projects require a portion of the work to be undertaken at our clients facilities which are sometimes located outside the CIS and CEE. The ability of our employees to work in the United States, Europe, the CIS and other countries outside the CIS and CEE depends on their ability to obtain the necessary visas and work permits. Historically, the process for obtaining visas for nationals of CIS and CEE countries to certain countries, including the United States and Europe, has been lengthy and cumbersome. Immigration laws in the United States and in other countries are subject to legislative change, as well as to variations in standards of application and enforcement due to political forces and economic conditions. Particularly given the recent global economic downturn, it is possible that there could be a change in the existing laws or the enactment of new legislation imposing restrictions on the deployment of work visa holders at client locations, which could adversely impact our ability to do business in the jurisdictions in which we have clients. However, it is generally difficult to predict the political and economic events that could affect immigration laws, or the restrictive impact they could have on obtaining or maintaining business visas for our employees. Our reliance on visas for a number of employees makes us vulnerable to such changes and variations as it affects our ability to staff projects with employees who are not citizens of the country where the work is to be performed. As a result, we may not be able to obtain a sufficient number of visas for our employees or we may encounter delays or additional costs in obtaining or maintaining such visas in which case we may not be able to provide services to our clients on a timely and cost-effective basis or manage our sales and delivery centers as efficiently as we otherwise could, any of which could hamper our growth and cause our revenues to decline.
If we fail to integrate or manage acquired companies efficiently, or if the acquired companies are difficult to integrate, divert management resources or do not perform to our expectations, we may not be able to realize the benefits envisioned for such acquisitions, and our overall profitability and growth plans could be materially adversely affected.
On occasion we have expanded our service capabilities and gained new clients through selective acquisitions. Our ability to successfully integrate an acquired entity and realize the benefits of an acquisition requires, among other things, successful integration of technologies, operations and personnel. Challenges we face in the acquisition and integration process include:
| integrating operations, services and personnel in a timely and efficient manner; |
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| diverting significant management attention and financial resources from our other operations and disrupting our ongoing business; |
| unforeseen or undisclosed liabilities and integration costs; |
| incurring liabilities from the acquired businesses for infringement of intellectual property rights or other claims for which we may not be successful in seeking indemnification; |
| incurring debt, amortization expenses related to intangible assets, large and immediate write-offs, assuming unforeseen or undisclosed liabilities, or issuing common stock that would dilute our existing stockholders ownership; |
| generating sufficient revenues and net income to offset acquisition costs; |
| potential loss of, or harm to, employee or client relationships; |
| properly structuring our acquisition consideration and any related post-acquisition earn-outs and successfully monitoring any earn-out calculations and payments; |
| failing to realize the potential cost savings or other financial benefits and/or the strategic benefits of the acquisition; |
| retaining key senior management and key sales and marketing and research and development personnel, particularly those of the acquired operations; |
| potential incompatibility of solutions, services and technology or corporate cultures; |
| consolidating and rationalizing corporate, information technology and administrative infrastructures; |
| integrating and documenting processes and controls; |
| entry into unfamiliar markets; and |
| increased complexity from potentially operating additional geographically dispersed sites, particularly if we acquire a company or business with facilities or operations outside of the countries in which we currently have operations. |
In addition, the primary value of many potential acquisition targets in the IT services industry lies in their skilled IT professionals and established client relationships. Transitioning these types of assets to our business can be particularly difficult due to different corporate cultures and values, geographic distance and other intangible factors. For example, some newly acquired employees may decide not to work with us or to leave shortly after their move to our company and some acquired clients may decide to discontinue their commercial relationships with us. These challenges could disrupt our ongoing business, distract our management and employees and increase our expenses, including causing us to incur significant one-time expenses and write-offs, and make it more difficult and complex for our management to effectively manage our operations. If we are not able to successfully integrate an acquired entity and its operations and to realize the benefits envisioned for such acquisition, our overall growth and profitability plans may be adversely affected.
International hostilities, terrorist activities, other violence or war, natural disasters, pandemics and infrastructure disruptions, could delay or reduce the number of new service orders we receive and impair our ability to service our clients.
Hostilities involving the United States and acts of terrorism, violence or war, natural disasters, global health risks or pandemics or the threat or perceived potential for these events could materially adversely affect our operations and our ability to provide services to our clients. We may be unable to protect our people, facilities and systems against any such occurrences. Such events may cause clients to delay their decisions on spending for IT services and give rise to sudden significant changes in regional and global economic conditions and cycles. These events also pose significant risks to our people and to physical facilities and operations around the world, whether the facilities are ours or those of our clients, which could materially adversely affect our financial results. By disrupting communications and travel, giving rise to travel restrictions, and increasing the difficulty of obtaining and retaining highly-skilled and qualified IT professionals, these events could make it difficult or impossible for us to deliver services to some or all of our clients. Travel restrictions could cause us to incur additional unexpected labor costs and expenses or could restrain our ability to retain the skilled IT professionals we need for our operations. In addition, any extended disruptions of electricity, other public utilities or network services at our facilities, as well as system failures at, or security breaches in, our facilities or systems, could also adversely affect our ability to serve our clients.
We may need additional capital, and a failure by us to raise additional capital on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to grow our business and develop or enhance our service offerings to respond to market demand or competitive challenges.
We believe that our current cash, cash flow from operations and revolving line of credit should be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next 12 months. We may, however, require additional cash resources due to changed business conditions or other future developments, including any investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If these resources are insufficient to satisfy our cash requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain another credit facility.
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The sale of additional equity securities could result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require us to agree to operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations. Our ability to obtain additional capital on acceptable terms is subject to a variety of uncertainties, including:
| investors perception of, and demand for, securities of IT services companies; |
| conditions of the United States and other capital markets in which we may seek to raise funds; |
| our future results of operations and financial condition; |
| government regulation of foreign investment in the CIS and CEE; and |
| economic, political and other conditions in the CIS and CEE. |
Existing stockholders have substantial control over us and could limit your ability to influence the outcome of key transactions, including a change of control.
As of March 1, 2013, to our knowledge, our greater than 5% stockholders, directors and executive officers and entities affiliated with them own approximately 50% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, which includes approximately 40% of the outstanding shares of our common stock owned by affiliates of Siguler Guff & Company. As a result, these stockholders, if acting together, would be able to influence or control matters requiring approval by our stockholders, including the election of directors, the approval of merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets and other significant business or corporate transactions. They may also have interests that differ from yours and may vote in a way with which you disagree and which may be adverse to your interests. The concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change of control of our company, could deprive our stockholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their common stock as part of a sale of our company and might ultimately affect the market price of our common stock.
Companies doing business in emerging markets, such as CIS and CEE countries, are subject to significant economic risks.
CIS and CEE countries are generally considered to be emerging markets. Investors in emerging markets should be aware that these markets are subject to greater risks than more developed markets, including significant economic risks. The economies of CIS and CEE countries, like other emerging economies, are vulnerable to market downturns and economic slowdowns elsewhere in the world. The economies of Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, Hungary and other CIS and CEE countries where we operate have experienced periods of considerable instability and have been subject to abrupt downturns. As has happened in the past, financial problems or an increase in the perceived risks associated with investing in emerging economies such as in the CIS and CEE could dampen foreign investment in these markets and materially adversely affect their economies. In addition, a deterioration in macroeconomic conditions, such as the recent debt crisis in Europe, could require us to reassess the value of goodwill for potential impairment. This goodwill is subject to impairment tests on an ongoing basis. Weakening macroeconomic conditions in the countries in which we operate and/or a significant difference between the performance of an acquired company and the business case assumed at the time of acquisition could require us to write down the value of the goodwill or a portion of such value. These risks may be compounded by incomplete, unreliable or unavailable economic and statistical data on CIS and CEE countries, including elements of the information provided in this annual report. Similar statistics may be obtainable from other non-official sources, although the underlying assumptions and methodology, and consequently the resulting data, may vary from source to source. Economic instability in CIS or CEE countries where we operate and any future deterioration in the international economic situation could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Fluctuations in currency exchange rates could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
We have significant international operations, and we earn our revenues and incur our expenses in multiple currencies. Doing business in different foreign currencies exposes us to foreign currency risks, including risks related to revenues and receivables, compensation of our personnel, purchases and capital expenditures. The majority of our revenues are in U.S. dollars, British pounds, Russian rubles and euros, and the majority of our expenses, particularly salaries of IT professionals, are denominated in U.S. dollars but payable in Belarusian rubles or in other local currencies at the exchange rate in effect at the time. To the extent that we increase our business and revenues which are denominated in Belarusian rubles, Ukrainian hryvnia, Hungarian forints or other local currencies, we will also increase our receivables denominated in those currencies and therefore also increase our exposure to fluctuations in their exchange rates against the U.S. dollar, our reporting currency. Similarly, any capital expenditures, such as for computer equipment, which are payable in the local currency of the countries in which we operate but are imported to such countries, and any deposits we hold in local currencies, can be materially affected by depreciation of the local currency against the U.S. dollar and the effect of such depreciation on the local economy. Certain foreign currency exposures, to some extent, are naturally offset on a consolidated basis. However, due to the increasing size of our international operations, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates could materially impact our results. See Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
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The banking and financial systems in the CIS remain less developed than those in some more developed markets, and a banking crisis could place liquidity constraints on our business and materially adversely affect our business and financial condition.
Banking and other financial systems in the CIS are less developed and regulated than in some more developed markets, and legislation relating to banks and bank accounts is subject to varying interpretations and inconsistent application. Banks in the CIS generally do not meet the banking standards of more developed markets, and the transparency of the banking sector lags behind international standards. Furthermore, in Russia, Belarus and other CIS countries, bank deposits made by corporate entities generally are not insured. As a result, the banking sector remains subject to periodic instability. Another banking crisis, or the bankruptcy or insolvency of banks through which we receive or with which we hold funds, particularly in Belarus, may result in the loss of our deposits or adversely affect our ability to complete banking transactions in the CIS, which could materially adversely affect our business and financial condition.
The legal systems in CIS countries can create an uncertain environment for business activity, which could materially adversely affect our business and operations in the CIS.
The legal framework to support a market economy remains new and in flux in Belarus, Russia, Ukraine and other CIS countries and, as a result, these legal systems can be characterized by:
| inconsistencies between and among laws and governmental, ministerial and local regulations, orders, decisions, resolutions and other acts; |
| gaps in the regulatory structure resulting from the delay in adoption or absence of implementing regulations; |
| selective enforcement of laws or regulations, sometimes in ways that have been perceived as being motivated by political or financial considerations; |
| limited judicial and administrative guidance on interpreting legislation; |
| relatively limited experience of judges and courts in interpreting recent commercial legislation; |
| a perceived lack of judicial and prosecutorial independence from political, social and commercial forces; |
| inadequate court system resources; |
| a high degree of discretion on the part of the judiciary and governmental authorities; and |
| underdeveloped bankruptcy procedures that are subject to abuse. |
In addition, as is true of civil law systems generally, judicial precedents generally have no binding effect on subsequent decisions. Not all legislation and court decisions in CIS countries are readily available to the public or organized in a manner that facilitates understanding. Enforcement of court orders can in practice be very difficult. All of these factors make judicial decisions difficult to predict and effective redress uncertain. Additionally, court claims and governmental prosecutions may be used in furtherance of what some perceive to be political aims.
The untested nature of much of recent legislation in the countries in which we operate and the rapid evolution of their legal systems may result in ambiguities, inconsistencies and anomalies in the application and interpretation of laws and regulations. Any of these factors may affect our ability to enforce our rights under our contracts or to defend ourselves against claims by others, or result in our being subject to unpredictable requirements, and could materially adversely affect our business and operations in the CIS.
These uncertainties also extend to property rights. For example, during the transformation of Russia, Belarus, Ukraine and other CIS countries from centrally planned economies to market economies, legislation has generally been enacted in each of these countries to protect private property against uncompensated expropriation and nationalization. However, there is a risk that due to the lack of experience in enforcing these provisions and due to political factors, these protections would not be enforced in the event of an attempted expropriation or nationalization. Expropriation or nationalization of any of our entities, their assets or portions thereof, potentially without adequate compensation, could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our CIS subsidiaries can be forced into liquidation on the basis of formal noncompliance with certain legal requirements.
We operate in CIS countries primarily through locally organized subsidiaries. Certain provisions of Russian law and the laws of other CIS countries may allow a court to order liquidation of a locally organized legal entity on the basis of its formal noncompliance with certain requirements during formation, reorganization or during its operations.
For example, in Russian corporate law, if the net assets of a Russian joint stock company calculated on the basis of Russian accounting standards are lower than its charter capital as at the end of its third or any subsequent financial year, the company must either decrease its charter capital or liquidate. If the company fails to comply with these requirements, governmental or local
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authorities can seek the involuntary liquidation of such company in court, and the companys creditors will have the right to accelerate their claims or demand early performance of the companys obligations as well as demand compensation of any damages.
Similarly, there have also been cases in CIS countries in which formal deficiencies in the establishment process of a legal entity or noncompliance with provisions of law have been used by courts as a basis for liquidation of a legal entity. Weaknesses in the legal systems of CIS countries create an uncertain legal environment, which makes the decisions of a court or a governmental authority difficult, if not impossible, to predict. If involuntary liquidation of any of our subsidiaries were to occur, such liquidation could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Any U.S. or other foreign judgments that may be obtained against us may be difficult to enforce in Belarus, Russia, Ukraine and other CIS countries.
Although we are a Delaware corporation, subject to suit in the United States and other courts, many of our assets are located in Belarus, Russia, Ukraine and other CIS countries and one of our directors and his assets are located outside the United States. Although arbitration awards are generally enforceable in CIS countries, judgments obtained in the United States or in other foreign courts, including those with respect to U.S. federal securities law claims, may not be enforceable in many CIS countries, including Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. There is no mutual recognition treaty between the United States and Belarus, Russia or Ukraine. Therefore, it may be difficult to enforce any U.S. or other foreign court judgment obtained against any of our operating subsidiaries in CIS countries.
Our stock price is volatile.
Our common stock has at times experienced substantial price volatility as a result of variations between our actual and anticipated financial results, announcements by us and our competitors, projections or speculation about our business or that of our competitors by the media or investment analysts or uncertainty about current global economic conditions. The stock market, as a whole, also has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected the market price of many technology companies in ways that may have been unrelated to these companies operating performance. Furthermore, we believe our stock price should reflect future growth and profitability expectations and, if we fail to meet these expectations, our stock price may significantly decline.
Compliance with changing regulation of corporate governance and public disclosure may result in additional expense and affect our operations.
Changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure, including the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, SEC regulations and New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, rules, are creating uncertainty for companies such as ours. These new or changed laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies, which could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and corporate governance practices. As a result, our efforts to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards have resulted in, and are likely to continue to result in, increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. If our efforts to comply with new or changed laws, regulations and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies due to ambiguities related to practice, our reputation may be harmed.
Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments |
Not applicable.
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Item 2. | Properties |
We are incorporated in Delaware with headquarters in Newtown, PA, with multiple delivery centers located in Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, Hungary, Kazakhstan and Poland, and client management locations in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, Russia and Kazakhstan.
The table below sets forth our principal properties:
Location |
Square Meters Leased |
Square Meters Owned |
Total Square Meters |
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Delivery Centers and Client Management Locations: |
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Belarus |
24,104 | 7,655 | 31,759 | |||||||||
Ukraine |
22,007 | | 22,007 | |||||||||
Russia |
12,761 | | 12,761 | |||||||||
Hungary |
8,150 | | 8,150 | |||||||||
Kazakhstan |
2,671 | | 2,671 | |||||||||
United States |
2,398 | | 2,398 | |||||||||
Switzerland |
379 | | 379 | |||||||||
Sweden |
220 | | 220 | |||||||||
United Kingdom |
126 | | 126 | |||||||||
Poland |
86 | | 86 | |||||||||
Germany |
| | | |||||||||
Canada |
810 | | 810 | |||||||||
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Total |
73,712 | 7,655 | 81,367 | |||||||||
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Executive Office: |
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Newtown, PA, United States |
932 | | 932 | |||||||||
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Our facilities are used interchangeably amongst all of our segments. We believe that our existing facilities are adequate to meet our current requirements, and that suitable additional or substitute space will be available, if necessary.
Item 3. | Legal Proceedings |
Although we may, from time to time, be involved in litigation and claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business, we are not currently a party to any material legal proceeding. In addition, we are not aware of any material legal or governmental proceedings against us, or contemplated to be brought against us.
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures |
Not applicable.
31
Item 5. | Market for Registrants Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities |
Market Information
Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange, or the NYSE, under the symbol EPAM.
Our shares have been publicly traded since February 8, 2012. The following table shows the per share range of high and low sales prices for shares of our common stock, as listed for quotation on the NYSE, and the quarterly cash dividends paid per share for the quarterly periods indicated.
High | Low | |||||||
Quarter Ended |
||||||||
December 31, 2012 |
$ | 20.99 | $ | 17.32 | ||||
September 30, 2012 |
$ | 19.64 | $ | 13.94 | ||||
June 30, 2012 |
$ | 23.62 | $ | 14.72 | ||||
March 31, 2012 |
$ | 21.25 | $ | 13.25 |
As of March 1, 2013, we had approximately 45 stockholders of record of our common stock. The number of record holders does not include holders of shares in street names or persons, partnerships, associations, corporations or other entities identified in security position listings maintained by depositories.
Dividend Policy
We have not declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock and currently do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Instead, we intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business. Any future determination relating to dividend policy will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our future earnings, capital requirements, financial condition, future prospects, applicable Delaware law, which provides that dividends are only payable out of surplus or current net profits, and other factors that our board of directors deems relevant. In addition, our credit facility restricts our ability to pay dividends.
Performance Graph
The following graph compares the cumulative total stockholder return on our common stock with the cumulative total return on the S&P 500 Index and a Peer Group Index (capitalization weighted) for the period beginning February 8, 2012, which is the date of our IPO, and ending on the last day of our last completed fiscal year. The stock performance shown on the graph below is not indicative of future price performance.
COMPARISON OF CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN(1)(2)
Among EPAM, the S&P 500 Index and a Peer Group Index(3) (Capitalization Weighted)
Base Period | ||||||||||||||||||||
2/8/2012 | 3/31/2012 | 6/30/2012 | 9/30/2012 | 12/31/2012 | ||||||||||||||||
Company / Index |
||||||||||||||||||||
EPAM Systems, Inc. |
100 | 146.57 | 121.36 | 135.29 | 129.29 | |||||||||||||||
S&P 500 Index |
100 | 104.33 | 100.90 | 106.72 | 105.65 | |||||||||||||||
Peer Group Index |
100 | 102.94 | 83.91 | 89.48 | 85.86 |
(1) | Graph assumes $100 invested on February 8, 2012, in our common stock, the S&P 500 Index, and the Peer Group Index (capitalization weighted). |
(2) | Cumulative total return assumes reinvestment of dividends. |
(3) | We have constructed a Peer Group Index of other information technology consulting firms consisting of Virtusa Corporation (NASDAQ:VRTU), Cognizant Technology Solutions Corp. (NASDAQ:CTSH), Infosys Ltd ADR (NYSE:INFY), Sapient Corporation (NASDAQ:SAPE), Syntel, Inc. (NASDAQ:SYNT) and Wipro Ltd. (ADR) (NYSE:WIT). |
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table sets forth securities authorized for issuance under our 2012 Long-Term Incentive Plan, 2006 Stock Option Plan, individual compensation arrangements and any other compensation plans as of December 31, 2012.
Plan |
Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights |
Weighted average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights |
Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) |
|||||||||
2012 Long-Term Incentive Plan approved by shareholders (1) |
1,380,315 | 16.79 | 7,866,485 | |||||||||
2006 Stock Option Plan approved by shareholders (2) |
4,916,394 | 4.91 | 859,808 | |||||||||
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Total |
6,296,709 | 7.51 | 8,726,293 |
(1) | On January 11, 2012, our Board of Directors approved the 2012 Long-Term Incentive Plan (2012 Plan), which will be used to issue equity grants to employees. The Board authorized 9,246,800 shares of common stock to be reserved for issuance under the plan. This is in addition to 733,808 shares that remained available for issuance under the 2006 Plan as of January 11, 2012 and which are available for issuance under the 2012 Plan. In addition, up to 4,916,394 shares that are subject to outstanding awards as of December 31, 2012, under the 2006 Plan and that expire or terminate for any reason prior to exercise or that would otherwise return to the 2006 Plans share reserve will be available for awards to be granted under the 2012 Plan. |
32
(2) | Effective May 31, 2006, our Board of Directors adopted the 2006 Stock Option Plan (the 2006 Plan). The 2006 Plan permitted the granting of options to directors, employees, and certain independent contractors. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors generally had the authority to select individuals who are to receive options and to specify the terms and conditions of each option so granted, including the number of shares covered by the option, the exercise price, vesting provisions, and the overall option term. In January 2012, the 2006 Plan was discontinued; however, a total of 859,808 shares remain available for issuance under the 2012 Plan as of December 31, 2012. All of the options issued pursuant to the 2006 Plan expire ten years from the date of grant. |
Unregistered Sales of Securities
On December 18, 2012, we issued an aggregate of 326,346 shares of our common stock as a partial consideration to the Empathy Lab sellers in connection with the acquisition of substantially all of the assets of Empathy Lab, LLC. No underwriter was involved in the Empathy Lab acquisition and no underwriting commissions were paid. This transaction was exempt from the registration requirements pursuant to the provisions of Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
There were no purchases of equity securities by the issuer and affiliated purchasers during the quarterly period ended December 31, 2012.
Item 6. | Selected Financial Data |
We have derived the selected consolidated statements of income data for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 and selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 from our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this annual report. We have derived the selected consolidated statements of income data for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008 and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 from our audited consolidated financial statements not included in this annual report. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any future period. The following selected financial data should be read in conjunction with Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this annual report.
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Consolidated Statements of Income Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues |
$ | 433,799 | $ | 334,528 | $ | 221,824 | $ | 149,939 | $ | 160,632 | ||||||||||
Operating expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) |
270,361 | 205,336 | 132,528 | 88,027 | 91,205 | |||||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses |
85,868 | 64,930 | 47,635 | 39,248 | 53,913 | |||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization expense |
10,882 | 7,538 | 6,242 | 5,618 | 4,889 | |||||||||||||||
Goodwill impairment loss |
| 1,697 | | | | |||||||||||||||
Other operating expenses, net |
682 | 19 | 2,629 | 1,064 | 400 | |||||||||||||||
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Income from operations |
$ | 66,006 | $ | 55,008 | $ | 32,790 | $ | 15,982 | $ | 10,225 | ||||||||||
Interest and other income, net |
1,941 | 1,422 | 486 | 42 | 1,345 | |||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange gain (loss) |
(2,084 | ) | (3,638 | ) | (2,181 | ) | (1,617 | ) | (3,819 | ) | ||||||||||
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Income before provision for income taxes |
$ | 65,863 | $ | 52,792 | $ | 31,095 | $ | 14,407 | $ | 7,751 | ||||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
11,379 | 8,439 | 2,787 | 879 | 3,701 | |||||||||||||||
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Net income |
$ | 54,484 | $ | 44,353 | $ | 28,308 | $ | 13,528 | $ | 4,050 | ||||||||||
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Net income per share of common stock(1): |
||||||||||||||||||||
Basic (common) |
$ | 1.27 | $ | 0.69 | $ | 0.84 | $ | 0.23 | $ | 0.00 | ||||||||||
Basic (puttable common) |
$ | | $ | 1.42 | $ | 0.84 | $ | 0.23 | $ | 0.00 | ||||||||||
Diluted (common) |
$ | 1.17 | $ | 0.63 | $ | 0.79 | $ | 0.22 | $ | 0.00 | ||||||||||
Diluted (puttable common) |
$ | | $ | 0.77 | $ | 0.79 | $ | 0.22 | $ | 0.00 | ||||||||||
Shares used in calculation of net income per share of common stock: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Basic (common) |
40,190 | 17,094 | 17,056 | 16,719 | 16,050 | |||||||||||||||
Basic (puttable common) |
| 18 | 141 | 153 | 114 |
33
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Diluted (common) |
43,821 | 20,473 | 19,314 | 18,474 | 17,980 | |||||||||||||||
Diluted (puttable common) |
| 18 | 141 | 153 | 114 |
(1) | In connection with the completion of our initial public offering, we effected an 8 for 1 common stock split as of January 19, 2012. All historical common stock and per share information has been changed to reflect the common stock split. |
As of December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 118,112 | $ | 88,796 | $ | 54,004 | $ | 52,927 | $ | 30,658 | ||||||||||
Accounts receivable, net |
78,906 | 59,472 | 41,488 | 27,450 | 28,224 | |||||||||||||||
Unbilled revenues, net |
33,414 | 24,475 | 23,883 | 13,952 | 9,777 | |||||||||||||||
Property and equipment, net |
53,135 | 35,482 | 25,338 | 23,053 | 19,136 | |||||||||||||||
Total assets |
350,814 | 235,613 | 170,858 | 135,407 | 106,924 | |||||||||||||||
Accrued expenses and other liabilities |
19,814 | 24,782 | 15,031 | 4,928 | 7,103 | |||||||||||||||
Deferred revenue |
7,632 | 6,949 | 5,151 | 4,417 | 990 | |||||||||||||||
Revolving line of credit |
| | | 7,000 | | |||||||||||||||
Total liabilities |
64,534 | 54,614 | 35,900 | 30,196 | 18,793 | |||||||||||||||
Preferred stock; Series A-1 convertible redeemable preferred stock and Series A-2 convertible redeemable preferred stock |
| 85,940 | 68,377 | 87,413 | 82,990 | |||||||||||||||
Total stockholders equity |
$ | 286,280 | $ | 95,059 | $ | 66,249 | $ | 16,534 | $ | 4,098 |
34
Item 7. | Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this annual report. In addition to historical information, this discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from managements expectations. Factors that could cause such differences are discussed in the sections entitled Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Item 7A. Risk Factors. We assume no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements. Please note that we effected an 8 for 1 common stock split on January 19, 2012, and all historical common stock and per share information has been changed to reflect the common stock split.
Executive Summary
We are a leading global IT services provider focused on complex software product development services, software engineering and vertically-oriented custom development solutions. Since our inception in 1993, we have been serving independent software vendors, or ISVs, and technology companies. The foundation we have built serving ISVs and technology companies has enabled us to differentiate ourselves in the market for software engineering skills and technology capabilities. Our work with these clients exposes us to their customers challenges across a variety of industry verticals. This has enabled us to develop vertical-specific domain expertise and grow our business in multiple industry verticals, including Banking and Financial Services, Business Information and Media, and Travel and Consumer.
We have client management locations in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, Sweden, Russia, Switzerland and Kazakhstan. Our clients primarily consist of Forbes Global 2000 corporations located in North America, Europe and the CIS. Our delivery centers in Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, Hungary, Kazakhstan and Poland are strategically located in centers of software engineering talent and educational excellence across Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) or the Commonwealth of Independent States (the CIS). The majority of our employees are located in these delivery centers with compensation and benefits related to this pool of resources being the primary component of our operating expenses. Additionally, our global delivery model and centralized support functions, combined with the benefits of scale from the shared use of fixed-cost resources, such as computers and office space, enhance our productivity levels and enable us to better manage efficiency of our global operations by maintaining adequate resource utilization levels and implementing company-wide cost-management programs. As a result, we have managed to create a relatively homogeneous delivery base whereby our applications, tools, methodologies and infrastructure allow us to seamlessly deliver services and solutions from our delivery centers to global clients across all geographies, thereby further strengthening our relationships with them.
Our focus on delivering quality to our clients is reflected by an average of 91.9% and 82.0% of our revenues in 2012 coming from clients that had used our services for at least one and two years, respectively.
Recent developments
On February 13, 2012, we completed our initial public offering of 6,900,000 shares of our common stock, which included 900,000 shares of our common stock sold by us pursuant to an over-allotment option granted to the underwriters, sold at a price to the public of $12.00 per share. Of the 6,900,000 shares of common stock sold, we issued and sold 2,900,000 shares of common stock and our selling stockholders sold 4,000,000 shares of common stock, resulting in gross proceeds to us of $34.8 million, and $29.0 million in net proceeds to us after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of $2.4 million and offering expenses of $3.4 million. We did not receive any proceeds from the sale of common stock by the selling stockholders.
On May 25, 2012 we completed the acquisition of Thoughtcorp, a Canadian company with a 17-year history of successfully delivering high-value IT solutions and complex software applications to some of Canadas most prominent companies within the telecommunications, financial and retail industries. With the Thoughtcorp acquisition we have strengthened our Banking and Financial Services and Travel and Consumer verticals, and have gained significant telecommunications expertise with a highly skilled and experienced employee base. The acquisition also expands our North American geographic footprint and complements our global delivery capabilities with expertise in areas important for us, such as Agile Development, Enterprise Mobility and Business Intelligence.
On December 18, 2012 we completed the acquisition of Empathy Lab, LLC, a U.S.-based digital strategy and multi-channel experience design firm. The acquisition is intended to enhance our strong capabilities in global delivery of software engineering services with Empathy Labs proven expertise in two important growth areas - development and execution of enterprise-wide eCommerce initiatives and transformation of Media consumption and distribution channels. In addition to strengthening our Travel and Consumer and Business Information and Media verticals, Empathy Lab brings significant expertise in digital marketing strategy consulting and program management.
We expect to continue to seek opportunities to deepen our industry expertise and technology capabilities necessary to deliver complex mission-critical solutions as part of our ongoing growth strategy.
35
Change in Presentation of Certain Financial Information
As part of our discussion and analysis, we analyze revenues by vertical. The composition and organization of our verticals is fluid and the structure changes regularly in response to overall growth, new business acquisitions and changes in reporting structure. Prior to the third quarter of 2012, certain individually insignificant customers pertaining to acquired operations were aggregated for the purposes of presenting revenue by vertical. Effective third quarter of 2012, we have individually reassigned these customers to corresponding verticals. We believe this change is preferable as it allows us to more effectively analyze our verticals by aligning presentation of existing and acquired customers using a standardized approach. These changes do not result in any adjustments to our previously issued financial statements and were applied retrospectively beginning on January 1, 2010 as presented in the tables below. Additionally, we have revised our disclosures to present Travel and Hospitality and Retail and Consumer verticals as a single Travel and Consumer vertical.
Year Ended December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||
As Previously Reported |
After Reclassification | |||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except percentages) | ||||||||||||||||
Vertical |
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ISVs and Technology |
$ | 87,369 | 26.2 | % | $ | 84,246 | 25.2 | % | ||||||||
Banking and Financial Services |
76,419 | 22.8 | 76,645 | 22.9 | ||||||||||||
Travel and Consumer |
71,706 | 21.4 | 71,488 | 21.4 | ||||||||||||
Business Information and Media |
62,350 | 18.6 | 63,988 | 19.1 | ||||||||||||
Other verticals |
30,508 | 9.2 | 31,985 | 9.6 | ||||||||||||
Reimbursable expenses and other revenues |
6,176 | 1.8 | 6,176 | 1.8 | ||||||||||||
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Revenues |
$ | 334,528 | 100.0 | % | $ | 334,528 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||
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Year Ended December 31, 2010 | ||||||||||||||||
As Previously Reported |
After Reclassification | |||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except percentages) | ||||||||||||||||
Vertical |
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ISVs and Technology |
$ | 68,727 | 31.0 | % | $ | 64,905 | 29.3 | % | ||||||||
Business Information and Media |
45,749 | 20.6 | 36,135 | 16.3 | ||||||||||||
Banking and Financial Services |
42,835 | 19.3 | 43,019 | 19.4 | ||||||||||||
Travel and Consumer |
36,461 | 16.5 | 46,146 | 20.8 | ||||||||||||
Other verticals |
24,279 | 10.9 | 27,846 | 12.5 | ||||||||||||
Reimbursable expenses and other revenues |
3,773 | 1.7 | 3,773 | 1.7 | ||||||||||||
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Revenues |
$ | 221,824 | 100.0 | % | $ | 221,824 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||
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Summary of Results of Operations and Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The following tables present a summary of our results of operations, by amount and as a percentage of revenues, for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010:
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except percent) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues |
$ | 433,799 | 100.0 | % | $ | 334,528 | 100.0 | % | $ | 221,824 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||
Income from operations |
66,006 | 15.2 | % | 55,008 | 16.4 | % | 32,790 | 14.8 | % | |||||||||||||||
Net income |
$ | 54,484 | 12.6 | % | $ | 44,353 | 13.3 | % | $ | 28,308 | 12.8 | % |
The key drivers of our consolidated results in 2012 as compared to 2011 were as follows:
| Broad-based revenue growth from clients in most of our key verticals, and in particular within Banking and Financial Services, which increased revenues by $35.3 million, or 46.1%, ISV and Technology and Travel and Consumer with a $22.6 million, or 26.8%, and a $24.5 million, or 34.2%, growth in 2012 revenues as compared to 2011, respectively; |
36
| Continued penetration of the European market where we experienced revenue growth of $48.1 million, or 45.0%, in 2012 compared to $48.5 million, or 82.8% in 2011; |
| Strong revenue contribution from our top clients. Revenues attributable to our top ten clients as of December 31, 2012 increased by $43.3 million as compared to 2011 as we continued to leverage long-term relationships to generate repeat revenue and expand existing revenue streams; |
| Completion of a strategic acquisitions of Thoughtcorp, Inc. (Thoughtcorp) in May, 2012 and Empathy Lab, LLC (Empathy Lab) in December, 2012, which contributed another $7.7 million in revenues; |
| Decrease in our income from operations in 2012 as compared to 2011 by 1.2% as a percentage of revenues mainly due to an increase in incentive compensation our IT professionals combined with an increase in stock-based compensation of 0.7% over 2011 as a percentage of revenues. |
The operating results in any period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period.
In our quarterly earnings press releases and conference calls, we discuss two key measures that are not calculated according to generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The first non-GAAP measure is income from operations, as reported on our consolidated and condensed statements of income and comprehensive income, excluding certain expenses and benefits, which we refer to as non-GAAP income from operations. The second measure calculates non-GAAP income from operations as a percentage of reported revenues, which we refer to as non-GAAP operating margin. We believe that these non-GAAP measures help illustrate underlying trends in our business, and we use these measures to establish budgets and operational goals (communicated internally and externally), manage our business, and evaluate our performance. We also believe these measures help investors compare our operating performance with our results in prior periods and compare our operating results with those of similar companies. We exclude certain expenses and benefits from non-GAAP income from operations that we believe are not reflective of these underlying business trends and are not useful measures in determining our operational performance and overall business strategy. Because our reported non-GAAP financial measures are not calculated according to GAAP, these measures are not comparable to GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly described non-GAAP measures reported by other companies within our industry. Consequently, our non-GAAP financial measures should not be evaluated in isolation from or supplant comparable GAAP measures, but, rather, should be considered together with our consolidated and condensed financial statements, which are prepared according to GAAP. The following table presents a reconciliation of income from operations as reported on our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income to non-GAAP income from operations and non-GAAP operating margin for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011:
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||
(in thousands, except percent) | ||||||||||||
GAAP Income from operations |
$ | 66,006 | $ | 55,008 | $ | 32,790 | ||||||
Stock-based compensation(1) |
6,826 | 2,866 | 2,939 | |||||||||
One-time charges |
584 | | | |||||||||
Goodwill impairment |
| 1,697 | | |||||||||
Amortization of purchased intangible assets |
1,024 | 779 | 999 | |||||||||
M&A costs |
500 | 527 | 109 | |||||||||
Legal claims |
| | 2,608 | |||||||||
Write-off and recovery |
| | (1,686 | ) | ||||||||
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Non-GAAP Income from operations |
74,940 | 60,877 | 37,759 | |||||||||
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GAAP Operating margin |
15.2 | % | 16.4 | % | 14.8 | % | ||||||
Effect of the adjustments detailed above |
2.1 | 1.8 | 2.2 | |||||||||
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Non-GAAP Operating margin |
17.3 | % | 18.2 | % | 17.0 | % | ||||||
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(1) | Cost of revenue includes stock-based compensation expense of $2,809, $1,365 and $1,314 for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Selling, general and administrative expenses include stock-based compensation expense of $4,017, $1,501 and $1,625 for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. |
37
Effects of Inflation
Economies in CIS countries such as Belarus, Russia and Ukraine have periodically experienced high rates of inflation. In particular, over a three-year period ending December 31, 2012, significant inflation has been reported in Belarus. The National Statistical Committee of Belarus estimated that inflation was approximately 109.7% in 2012, 153.2% in 2011 and 9.9% in 2010. In 2012, 2011 and 2010 we had 0.5%, 0.8% and 1.2% of our revenues, respectively, denominated in Belarusian rubles.
The measures currently used by the Belarusian government to control this recent inflation include monetary policy and pricing instruments, including increasing interest rates and the use of anti-monopoly laws to prevent the increase in pricing of goods, as well as privatization and using foreign borrowings to replenish the budget and stabilize local currency. Inflation, government actions to combat inflation and public speculation about possible additional actions have also contributed materially to economic uncertainty in Belarus. Belarus may experience high levels of inflation in the future. The Russian and Ukrainian governments have historically implemented similar measures as Belarus to fight inflation.
Periods of higher inflation may slow economic growth in those countries. Inflation also is likely to increase some of our costs and expenses, which we may not be able to pass on to our clients and, as a result, may reduce our profitability. Inflationary pressures could also affect our ability to access financial markets and lead to counter-inflationary measures that may harm our financial condition, results of operations or adversely affect the market price of our securities.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth a summary of our consolidated results of operations by amount and as a percentage of our revenues for the periods indicated. This information should be read together with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this annual report. The operating results in any period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period.
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except percent) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues |
$ | 433,799 | 100.0 | % | $ | 334,528 | 100.0 | % | $ | 221,824 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||
Operating expenses: |
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Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)(1) |
270,361 | 62.3 | 205,336 | 61.4 | 132,528 | 59.7 | ||||||||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses(2) |
85,868 | 19.8 | 64,930 | 19.4 | 47,635 | 21.5 | ||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization expense |
10,882 | 2.5 | 7,538 | 2.3 | 6,242 | 2.8 | ||||||||||||||||||
Goodwill impairment loss |
| 0.0 | 1,697 | 0.5 | | | ||||||||||||||||||
Other operating expenses, net |
682 | 0.2 | 19 | 0.0 | 2,629 | 1.2 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Income from operations |
66,006 | 15.2 | % | 55,008 | 16.4 | % | 32,790 | 14.8 | % | |||||||||||||||
Interest and other income, net |
1,941 | 0.5 | 1,422 | 0.4 | 486 | 0.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange (loss) |
(2,084 | ) | -0.5 | (3,638 | ) | -1.1 | (2,181 | ) | -1.0 | |||||||||||||||
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Income before provision for income taxes |
65,863 | 15.2 | % | 52,792 | 15.7 | % | 31,095 | 14.1 | % | |||||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
11,379 | 2.6 | 8,439 | 2.5 | 2,787 | 1.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Net income |
$ | 54,484 | 12.6 | % | $ | 44,353 | 13.2 | % | $ | 28,308 | 12.8 | % | ||||||||||||
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(1) | Includes stock-based compensation expense of $2,809, $1,365 and $1,314 for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. |
(2) | Includes stock-based compensation expense of $4,017, $1,501 and $1,625 for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2011 and 2010, respectively. |
Revenues
Revenues are derived primarily from providing software development services to our clients. We discuss below the breakdown of our revenues by service offering, vertical, client location, contract type and client concentration. Revenues consist of IT services revenues and reimbursable expenses and other revenues, which primarily include travel and entertainment costs that are chargeable to clients.
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Revenues by Service Offering
Software development includes software product development, custom application development services and enterprise application platforms services, and has historically represented, and we expect to continue to represent, the substantial majority of our business. The following table sets forth revenues by service offering by amount and as a percentage of our revenues for the periods indicated:
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except percent) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Service Offering |
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Software development |
$ | 290,139 | 66.8 | % | $ | 219,211 | 65.5 | % | $ | 149,658 | 67.5 | % | ||||||||||||
Application testing services |
85,849 | 19.8 | 67,840 | 20.3 | 44,459 | 20.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
Application maintenance and support |
36,056 | 8.3 | 29,287 | 8.8 | 19,262 | 8.7 | ||||||||||||||||||
Infrastructure services |
12,424 | 2.9 | 8,488 | 2.5 | 2,823 | 1.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Licensing |
2,914 | 0.7 | 3,526 | 1.1 | 1,849 | 0.8 | ||||||||||||||||||
Reimbursable expenses and other revenues |
6,417 | 1.5 | 6,176 | 1.8 | 3,773 | 1.7 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Revenues |
$ | 433,799 | 100.0 | % | $ | 334,528 | 100.0 | % | $ | 221,824 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||
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Revenues by Vertical
The foundation we have built with ISVs and technology companies has enabled us to leverage our strong domain knowledge and industry-specific knowledge capabilities to become a premier IT services provider to a range of additional verticals such as Banking and Financial Services, Business Information and Media, and Travel and Consumer. Additionally, we have substantial expertise in other industries such as Oil and Gas, Telecommunications, Healthcare and several others, which are currently reported in aggregate under Other verticals. The following table sets forth revenues by vertical by amount and as a percentage of our revenues for the periods indicated:
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except percent) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vertical |
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Banking and Financial Services |
$ | 111,941 | 25.8 | % | $ | 76,645 | 22.9 | % | $ | 43,019 | 19.4 | % | ||||||||||||
ISVs and Technology |
106,852 | 24.6 | 84,246 | 25.2 | 64,905 | 29.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Travel and Consumer |
95,965 | 22.1 | 71,488 | 21.4 | 36,135 | 16.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Business Information and Media |
62,398 | 14.4 | 63,988 | 19.1 | 46,146 | 20.8 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other verticals |
50,226 | 11.6 | 31,985 | 9.6 | 27,846 | 12.5 | ||||||||||||||||||
Reimbursable expenses and other revenues |
6,417 | 1.5 | 6,176 | 1.8 | 3,773 | 1.7 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Revenues |
$ | 433,799 | 100.0 | % | $ | 334,528 | 100.0 | % | $ | 221,824 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||
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Revenues by Client Location
Our revenues are sourced from three geographic markets: North America, Europe and the CIS. We present and discuss our revenues by client location based on the location of the specific client site that we serve, irrespective of the location of the headquarters of the client or the location of the delivery center where the work is performed. As such, revenues by client location differ from the segment information in our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report, which is not solely based on the geographic location of the clients but rather is based on managerial responsibility for a particular client regardless of client location. The following table sets forth revenues by client location by amount and as a percentage of our revenues for the periods indicated:
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except percent) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Client Location |
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North America |
$ | 206,901 | 47.7 | % | $ | 165,126 | 49.4 | % | $ | 117,027 | 52.8 | % | ||||||||||||
Europe |
155,168 | 35.8 | % | 107,041 | 32.0 | % | 58,567 | 26.4 | % | |||||||||||||||
United Kingdom |
98,346 | 22.7 | 70,989 | 21.2 | 32,584 | 14.7 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other |
56,822 | 13.1 | 36,052 | 10.8 | 25,983 | 11.7 | ||||||||||||||||||
CIS |
65,313 | 15.0 | % | 56,185 | 16.8 | % | 42,457 | 19.1 | % | |||||||||||||||
Russia |
47,536 | 11.0 | 43,799 | 13.1 | 31,488 | 14.2 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other |
17,777 | 4.0 | 12,386 | 3.7 | 10,969 | 4.9 | ||||||||||||||||||
Reimbursable expenses and other revenues |
6,417 | 1.5 | 6,176 | 1.8 | 3,773 | 1.7 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except percent) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues |
$ | 433,799 | 100.0 | % | $ | 334,528 | 100.0 | % | $ | 221,824 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||
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Revenues by Contract Type
Our services are performed under both time-and-material and fixed-price arrangements. Our engagement models depend on the type of services provided to a client, the mix and locations of professionals involved and the business outcomes our clients are looking to achieve. Historically, the majority of our revenues have been generated under time-and-material contracts. Under time-and-material contracts, we are compensated for actual time incurred by our IT professionals at negotiated hourly, daily or monthly rates. Fixed-price contracts require us to perform services throughout the contractual period and we are paid in installments on pre-agreed intervals. We expect time-and-material arrangements to continue to comprise the majority of our revenues in the future.
The following table sets forth revenues by contract type by amount and as a percentage of our revenues for the periods indicated:
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except percent) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Contract Type |
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Time-and-material |
$ | 364,853 | 84.1 | % | $ | 287,965 | 86.1 | % | $ | 188,961 | 85.2 | % | ||||||||||||
Fixed-price |
59,615 | 13.7 | 36,861 | 11.0 | 27,241 | 12.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Licensing |
2,914 | 0.7 | 3,526 | 1.1 | 1,849 | 0.8 | ||||||||||||||||||
Reimbursable expenses and other revenues |
6,417 | 1.5 | 6,176 | 1.8 | 3,773 | 1.7 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Revenues |
$ | 433,799 | 100.0 | % | $ | 334,528 | 100.0 | % | $ | 221,824 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||
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Revenues by Client Concentration
We have grown our revenues from our clients by continually expanding the scope and size of our engagements, and we have grown our key client base through internal business development efforts and several strategic acquisitions.
Our focus on delivering quality to our clients is reflected by an average of 91.9% and 82.0% of our revenues in 2012 coming from clients that had used our services for at least one and two years, respectively. In addition, we have significantly grown the size of existing accounts. The number of clients that accounted for over $5.0 million in annual revenues increased to 16 in 2012 from 10 in 2010, and the number of clients that generated at least $0.5 million in revenues increased to 114 in 2012 from 72 in 2010.
The following table sets forth revenues contributed by our top five and top ten clients by amount and as a percentage of our revenues for the periods indicated:
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except percent) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Top five clients |
$ | 134,484 | 31.0 | % | $ | 107,171 | 32.0 | % | $ | 65,908 | 29.7 | % | ||||||||||||
Top ten clients |
192,426 | 44.4 | 149,094 | 44.6 | 94,529 | 42.6 |
During 2011 and 2010, one of our largest clients, Thomson Reuters, accounted for over 10% of our revenues; however, there were no customers accounting for over 10% of our revenues in 2012. The volume of work we perform for specific clients is likely to vary from year to year, as we are typically not any clients exclusive external IT services provider, and a major client in one year may not contribute the same amount or percentage of our revenues in any subsequent year.
Operating Expenses
Cost of Revenues (Exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization)
The principal components of our cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) are salaries, employee benefits and stock compensation expense, travel costs and subcontractor fees. Salaries and other compensation expenses of our IT professionals are allocated to cost of revenues regardless of whether they are actually performing services during a given period.
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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses represent expenses associated with promoting and selling our services and include such items as senior management, administrative personnel and sales and marketing personnel salaries, stock compensation expense and related fringe benefits, legal and audit expenses, commissions, insurance, operating lease expenses, travel costs and the cost of advertising and other promotional activities. In addition, we pay a membership fee of 1% of revenues collected in Belarus to the administrative organization of the Belarus Hi-Tech Park.
Our selling, general and administrative expenses have increased primarily as a result of our expanding operations, acquisitions, and the hiring of a number of senior managers to support our growth. We expect our selling, general and administrative expenses to continue to increase in absolute terms as our business expands but will generally remain steady or slightly decrease as a percentage of our revenues.
Provision for Income Taxes
Determining the consolidated provision for income tax expense, deferred income tax assets and liabilities and related valuation allowance, if any, involves judgment. As a global company, we are required to calculate and provide for income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. During 2012, 2011 and 2010, we had $56.6 million, $49.9 million and $30.3 million, respectively, in income before provision for income taxes attributed to our foreign jurisdictions. The statutory tax rate in our foreign jurisdictions is lower than the statutory U.S. tax rate. Additionally, we have secured special tax benefits in Belarus and Hungary as described below. As a result, our provision for income taxes is low in comparison to income before taxes due to the benefit received from increased income earned in low tax jurisdictions. The foreign tax rate differential represents this significant reduction. Changes in the geographic mix or estimated level of annual pre-tax income can also affect our overall effective income tax rate.
Our provision for income taxes also includes the impact of provisions established for uncertain income tax positions, as well as the related net interest. Tax exposures can involve complex issues and may require an extended period to resolve. Although we believe we have adequately reserved for our uncertain tax positions, we cannot assure you that the final tax outcome of these matters will not be different from our current estimates. We adjust these reserves in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the closing of a tax audit, statute of limitation lapse or the refinement of an estimate. To the extent that the final tax outcome of these matters differs from the amounts recorded, such differences will impact the provision for income taxes in the period in which such determination is made.
Our subsidiary in Belarus is a member of the Belarus Hi-Tech Park, in which member technology companies are 100% exempt from the current Belarusian income tax rate of 18%. The On High-Technologies Park Decree, which created the Belarus Hi-Tech Park, is in effect for a period of 15 years from July 1, 2006.
Our subsidiary in Hungary benefits from a tax credit of 10% of annual qualified salaries, taken over a four-year period, for up to 70% of the total tax due for that period. We have been able to take the full 70% credit for 2007 to 2012. The Hungarian tax authorities repealed the tax credit beginning with 2012. Credits earned in years prior to 2012, however, will be allowed through 2014. We anticipate full utilization up to the 70% limit until 2014, with full phase out in 2015.
Our domestic income before provision for income taxes differs from the North America segment income before provision for income taxes because segment operating profit is a management reporting measure, which does not take into account most corporate expenses, as well as the majority of non-operating costs and stock compensation expenses. We do not hold our segment managers accountable for these expenses, as they cannot influence these costs within the scope of their operating authority, nor do we believe it is practical to allocate these costs to specific segments as they are not directly attributable to any specific segment. All our segments are treated consistently with respect to such expenses when determining segment operating profit.
2012 Compared to 2011
Revenues
Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2012 increased by $99.3 million, or 29.7%, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2011. This increase is attributable to a $71.3 million increase from deeper penetration into existing customers, a $20.3 million increase from new customers and a $7.7 million increase from acquisitions.
Revenues in our North American and European geographies grew $41.8 million, or 25.3%, and $48.1 million, or 45.0%, respectively, primarily as a result of strong revenue growth in our core service verticals.
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Growth in Banking and Financial Services was the driving force behind our revenue growth in Europe and accounted for 63.8% of total revenue growth in this geography. During 2012, Banking and Financial Services continued to outperform other verticals growing $35.3 million, or 46.1%, over the prior year results. Strong performance of this vertical can be attributed to an increased demand for our services and ongoing relationships with existing customers located in Europe. In particular, 30.3% of the consolidated revenue growth in 2012 can be attributed to increased business from certain of our largest Banking and Financial Services customers located in the United Kingdom and Switzerland.
Growth in our North American geography in 2012 was primarily attributable to performance of our ISVs and Technology vertical, which grew $23.6 million, or 33.5%, in 2012 as compared to 2011, and, to a lesser extent, our 2012 acquisitions, which added $7.7 million in revenues and approximately 59 new customers primarily within Business Information and Media, and Travel and Consumer verticals. These growth trends were in part offset by a decrease in revenues in Business Information and Media, which declined $2.4 million, or 4.3%, in 2012 as compared to 2011. This decrease was almost entirely attributable to a $9.8 million decrease in revenue from one of our largest customers, Thomson Reuters.
Revenues in the CIS region increased $9.1 million, or 16.2%, compared to the prior year which was almost entirely attributable to incremental revenues from the completion of a long-term fixed-priced project, as well as the addition of a number of new customers within our Travel and Consumer vertical during the fourth quarter of 2012.
Cost of Revenues (Exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization)
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) was $270.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2012, representing an increase of 31.7% over 2011. As a percentage of revenues, cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) increased by 0.9% during the same period. An increase in stock-based compensation expense contributed 0.2% as a percentage of revenues for the year ended December 31, 2012.
The remaining increase was mainly due to growth in compensation and benefits of our IT professionals during that period. The number of IT professionals increased from 6,968 at December 31, 2011 to 8,495 at December 31, 2012, which represented an average growth of 21.9% supporting a 30.2% increase in IT services revenue.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses were $85.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2012, representing an increase of 32.2% over 2011. The growth was primarily attributable to increased overhead costs and non-production staff required to support the growth in our business. Non-production headcount increased by 391, or 33.8%, from 1,157 at December 31, 2011 to 1,548 at December 31, 2012. Stock compensation expense increased by $2.5 million, or 0.5% as a percentage of revenues during the same period, of which $1.2 million was related to the acquisitions completed in 2012. Excluding stock compensation, selling, general and administrative expenses declined slightly as a percentage of revenues.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense
Depreciation and amortization expense was $10.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2012, representing an increase of 44.4% over 2011. The increase was primarily attributable to additional capital expenditures of IT equipment to support the growth in headcount, as well as amortization of intangible assets acquired through the purchase of Thoughtcorp in the second quarter of 2012. As a percentage of revenues, depreciation and amortization expense was 2.5% compared to 2.3% in 2011.
Other Operating Expenses, Net
During the year ended December 31, 2012, we reported $0.7 million of other expenses in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. This was almost entirely attributable to the issuance of 53,336 shares of common stock to Instant Information Inc., a 2010 asset acquisition, upon the completion of our initial public offering in the first quarter of 2012.
Interest and Other Income, Net
Net interest and other income was $1.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to $1.4 million in 2011. The increase was primarily attributable to the interest received on cash which increased 67.5% to an average balance of $111.6 million during 2012 from $66.6 million in 2011.
Foreign Exchange Loss
Foreign exchange loss incurred during the year ended December 31, 2012 was $2.1 million representing a decrease of foreign exchange loss by $1.6 million. Higher losses in 2011 were primarily driven by the movement of the Russian ruble, Belarusian ruble and the euro against the U.S. dollar in respective periods.
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Provision for Income Taxes
Provision for income taxes was $11.4 million in 2012, increasing from $8.4 million in 2011. The increase was primarily attributable to significant growth in consolidated pre-tax income, an increase in our clients need for onsite resources in the North American geography, which increased our consolidated effective tax rate, a relative shift in offshore services performed in Belarus, where we are currently entitled to a 100% exemption from Belarusian income tax, to Ukraine and, to a lesser extent, Russia, both of which have significantly higher tax rates. In 2012, our effective tax rate was 17.3 % as compared to our effective tax rate of 16.0% in 2011.
2011 Compared to 2010
Revenues
Revenues were $334.5 million in 2011, representing an increase of 50.8% from $221.8 million in 2010. The increase was primarily driven by strong performance across all of our key verticals combined with expansion of our service offerings which enabled us to cross-sell new services to our clients and meet the rapidly growing demand for complex product development solutions.
Similar to 2010, the North American geography continued to represent our biggest geography in 2011 with $165.1 million, or 49.4% of our consolidated revenues generated by customers located in this region. In year-on-year terms, the North American geography grew 41.1% from $117.0 million in 2010, which was primarily attributable to the growth in ISVs and Technology and Business Information and Media verticals. ISVs and Technologies grew $17.4 million, or 32.8%, to $70.6 million in revenues in 2011 as compared to 2010, and Business Information and Media grew $16.3 million, or 42.0% during the same period, of which $9.9 million, or 60.7% of the total growth in this vertical was attributable to the growth in revenues from one of our largest customers, Thomson Reuters.
Revenues from the European geography grew 82.8% to $107.0 million in 2011 from $58.6 million in 2010. This was mainly due to continued penetration of clients in Europe and in particular, our Banking and Financial Services customers located in the United Kingdom and Switzerland, which accounted for 46.9% of the overall growth in the region. Strong performance of the Banking and Financial Services vertical was also a primary reason for the revenue growth in Russia accounting for $9.4 million, or 76.3% of the total $12.3 million revenue growth in this geography in 2011, as compared to 2010. Overall, the Banking and Financial Services vertical continued to experience an increase in revenues and strong demand from existing clients, with revenues growing by $33.6 million, or 78.2%, to $76.6 million in 2011 as compared to $43.0 million in 2010.
Also, revenues from existing clients continued to increase in 2011 as compared to 2010 with $98.9 million of incremental revenues generated through expansion of our services with existing customers, and additional $11.7 million received from organic growth during that period. Revenues attributable to our top ten clients as of December 31, 2011 increased by 57.7% in 2011 as compared to December 31, 2010. This represented 48.4% of the overall increase in revenues in 2011.
Cost of Revenues (Exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization)
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) was $205.3 million in 2011, representing an increase of 54.9% from $132.5 million in 2010. The increase was primarily attributable to a net increase of 1,618 IT professionals from December 31, 2010 to December 31, 2011, to support the growth in demand for our services. As a percentage of revenues, cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) increased to 61.4% in 2011 from 59.7% in 2010.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses were $64.9 million in 2011, representing an increase of 36.3% from $47.6 million in 2010. The growth was primarily attributable to increased overhead costs and non-production staff required to support the growth in the business. In 2011, non-production staff headcount increased by 339, or 41.4%, from 818 at December 31, 2010, stock compensation expense decreased from $1.6 million to $1.5 million and facilities expenses increased by $2.9 million, or 32.3%, to $12.0 million as compared to 2010. As a percentage of revenues, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased to 19.4% in 2011 from 21.5% in 2010.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense
Depreciation and amortization expense was $7.5 million in 2011, representing an increase of 20.8% from $6.2 million in 2010. The increase was primarily attributable to additional capital expenditures in IT equipment to support the growth in headcount. As a percentage of revenues, depreciation and amortization expense decreased to 2.3% in 2011 from 2.8% in 2010.
Goodwill Impairment Loss
As a result of an operating loss in the Other reporting unit for the three months ended June 30, 2011, we performed a goodwill impairment test. In assessing impairment in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification, (ASC) No. 350, Intangibles-
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Goodwill and Other, we determined that the fair value of the Other reporting unit, based on the total of the expected future discounted cash flows directly related to the reporting unit, was below the carrying value of the reporting unit. We completed the second step of the goodwill impairment test, resulting in an impairment charge of $1.7 million. In the fourth quarter of 2011, we completed the annual impairment testing of recorded goodwill and determined there was no additional impairment as of December 31, 2011.
Interest and Other Income, Net
Interest income was $1.3 million in 2011, representing an increase of 134.0% from $0.6 million in 2010. The increase was primarily driven by the interest paid on cash and cash equivalents which increased 64.4% from an average balance of $40.8 million during 2010 to $64.2 million during 2011.
Foreign Exchange Loss
Foreign exchange loss was $3.6 million in 2011, representing an increase of 66.8% from a $2.2 million loss in 2010. The increase was primary attributable to the movement of the Russian ruble, Belarusian ruble and the euro against the U.S. dollar.
Provision for Income Taxes
Provision for income taxes was $8.4 million in 2011, increasing from $2.8 million in 2010. The increase was primarily attributable to significant growth in consolidated pre-tax income, an increase in our clients need for onsite resources in North America and the United Kingdom, which increased our consolidated effective tax rate, a relative shift in offshore services performed in Belarus, where we are currently entitled to a 100% exemption from Belarusian income tax, to Ukraine and, to a lesser extent, Russia, both of which have significantly higher tax rates. In 2011, our effective tax rate was 16.0% as compared to our effective tax rate of 9.0% in 2010.
Results by Business Segment
Our operations consist of four reportable segments: North America, Europe, Russia and Other. The segments represent components of EPAM for which separate financial information is available that is used on a regular basis by our chief executive officer, who is also our chief operating decision maker, in determining how to allocate resources and evaluate performance. We use globally integrated support organizations to realize economies of scale and efficient use of resources. As a result, a majority of our expenses is shared by all segments. These shared expenses include Delivery, Recruitment and Development, Sales and Marketing, and support functions such as IT, Finance, Legal, and Human Resources. Generally, shared expenses are allocated based on measurable drivers of expense, e.g., recorded hours or head count.
Segment operating profit is defined as income from operations before unallocated costs. Certain expenses, such as stock-based compensation, are not allocated to specific segments when management does not believe it is practical to allocate such costs to individual segments because they are not directly attributable to any specific segment. Accordingly, these expenses are separately disclosed as unallocated and adjusted only against our total income from operations.
Revenues from external clients and segment operating profit, before unallocated expenses, for the North America, Europe, Russia and Other reportable segments were as follows for the years ended December 31:
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||
Total segment revenues: |
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North America |
$ | 197,271 | $ | 151,707 | $ | 110,179 | ||||||
Europe |
168,913 | 123,510 | 68,420 | |||||||||
Russia |
50,552 | 46,219 | 31,388 | |||||||||
Other |
16,986 | 12,851 | 11,522 | |||||||||
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Total segment revenues |
$ | 433,722 | $ | 334,287 | $ | 221,509 | ||||||
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Segment operating profit: |
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North America |
$ | 38,671 | $ | 33,744 | $ | 28,496 | ||||||
Europe |
32,750 | 25,098 | 15,057 | |||||||||
Russia |
9,049 | 10,445 | 3,119 | |||||||||
Other |
6,985 | 2,416 | 1,414 | |||||||||
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2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||
Total segment operating profit |
$ | 87,455 | $ | 71,703 | $ | 48,086 | ||||||
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2012 Compared to 2011
North America Segment
Our North America segment accounted for 45.5% of total segment revenues in both 2012 and 2011. North America revenues increased by $45.6 million, or 30.0%, from $151.7 million in 2011 to $197.3 million in 2012. The increase in revenues was primarily driven by continued expansion of existing client relationships as well as revenues contributed by new clients. Additionally, two acquisitions completed in 2012 contributed approximately $7.7 million, or 16.7%, to the overall segment growth during the period. Within the segment, revenue from our ISVs and Technologies and Travel and Consumer verticals increased by approximately $22.8 million and $10.8 million, respectively, as compared to 2011, representing 73.7% of the overall segment growth.
Segment operating profit increased by $4.9 million, or 14.6%, from $33.7 million in 2011 to $38.7 million in 2012. The increase in segment operating profit was attributable primarily to increased revenues, partially offset by an increase in compensation and benefit costs resulting primarily from additional headcount to support our revenue growth and continued demand for onsite resources.
Europe Segment
Our Europe segment accounted for 38.9% and 36.9% of total segment revenues in 2012 and 2011, respectively. Europe continues to be a rapidly growing segment in our portfolio, given our nearshore delivery capabilities, and our value proposition in delivering quality software engineering solutions and services is continuing to gain considerable traction with European-based clients. As a result, revenue increased $45.4 million, or 36.8%, from $123.5 million during 2011 to $168.9 million in 2012. Within the segment, growth was the strongest in our Banking and Financial Services and Travel and Consumer verticals, where revenue increased by approximately $30.2 million and $11.2 million, respectively, in 2012 as compared to 2011.
Segment operating profit increased by $7.7 million, or 30.5%, from $25.1 million during 2011 to $32.8 million during 2012. The increase in Europe segment operating profit was mainly attributable to increased revenues, partially offset by an increase in compensation and benefit costs primarily driven by additional headcount to support our revenue growth and continued demand for increase in onsite resources.
Russia Segment
Our Russia segment comprised 11.7% of total segment revenues in 2012, compared to 13.8% in 2011 with revenues increasing by $4.3 million, or 9.4%, from $46.2 million in 2011 to $50.6 million in 2012. Within the segment, revenue from Travel and Consumer and ISVs and Technologies verticals increased by $3.2 million and $0.8 million, respectively, representing 93.0% of the overall segment growth in 2012.
Segment operating profit decreased by $1.4 million, or 13.4%, from $10.4 million in 2011 to $9.0 million in 2012. The decrease in Russias operating profit was attributable to a combination of factors, including higher compensation and benefits of our IT professionals in 2012, as compared to 2011, subcontractor costs incurred in connection with initial implementation work on a long-term project with one of Russias leading consumer-electronic retail chains, and reduced utilization levels resulting from fluctuations in service volumes.
Other Segment
Revenues from Other segment comprised 3.9% of total segment revenues, compared to 3.8% in 2011 with the majority of revenues derived from clients located in Kazakhstan and Ukraine. Other segment revenues increased by $4.1 million, or 32.2%, from $12.9 million in 2011 to $17.0 million in 2012. The growth was primarily attributable to the successful completion and delivery of a large World Bank sponsored fixed fee project in Ukraine with $3.8 million of incremental revenues recognized in 2012.
Segment operating profit increased by $4.6 million, or 189.1%, from $2.4 million in 2011 to $7.0 million in 2012. The increase in segment operating profit was primarily attributable to the same project noted above.
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2011 Compared to 2010
North America Segment
Our North America segment accounted for 45.5% and 49.7% of total segment revenues in 2011 and 2010, respectively. North America segment revenues increased by $41.5 million, or 37.7%, from $110.2 million in 2010 to $151.7 million in 2011. The increase in revenues was primarily driven by continued expansion of existing client relationships as well as revenues contributed by new clients. Within the segment, revenue from our ISVs and Technologies and Business Information and Media verticals increased by approximately $14.6 million and $16.6 million, respectively, as compared to 2010, representing 75.2% of the overall segment growth. One of our largest customer, Thomson Reuters, accounted for 23.1% of the overall segment growth during that period.
Segment operating profit increased by $5.2 million, or 18.4%, from $28.5 million in 2010 to $33.7 million in 2011. The increase in segment operating profit was attributable primarily to increased revenues, partially offset by an increase in compensation and benefit costs resulting primarily from additional headcount to support our revenue growth and continued demand for onsite resources.
Europe Segment
Our Europe segment accounted for 36.9% and 30.9% of total segment revenues in 2011 and 2010, respectively. Europe continues to be a rapidly growing segment in our portfolio, as the location of our delivery sites is in relatively close proximity to major European cities, and our value proposition in delivering quality software engineering solutions and services is continuing to gain considerable traction with European-based clients. As a result, revenue increased $55.1 million, or 80.5%, from $68.4 million during 2010 to $123.5 million in 2011. Within the segment, growth was the strongest in our Banking and Financial Services and Travel and Consumer verticals, where revenue increased by approximately $22.7 million and $29.5 million, respectively, in 2011 as compared to 2010.
Segment operating profit increased by $10.0 million, or 66.7%, from $15.1 million in 2010 to $25.1 million in 2011. The increase in Europe operating profit was mainly attributable to increased revenues, partially offset by an increase in compensation and benefit costs primarily driven by additional headcount to support our revenue growth and continued demand for increase in onsite resources.
Russia Segment
Our Russia segment comprised 13.8% of total segment revenues in 2011, compared to 14.2% in 2010 with revenues increasing by $14.8 million, or 47.3%, from $31.4 million in 2010 to $46.2 million in 2011. Within the segment, revenue from Banking and Financial Services vertical increased by $10.0 million representing 67.6% of the overall segment growth in 2011 mainly as a result of continued growth in revenues from certain of our largest clients in that region. In particular, revenues from these clients accounted for $5.1 million, or 34.5% of the overall segment growth.
Segment operating profit increased by $7.3 million, or 234.9%, from $3.1 million in 2010 to $10.4 million in 2011 primarily as a result of higher revenues in 2012, as compared to 2011, as well as continued efforts to improve our client portfolio in the region and increase profitability.
Other Segment
Revenues from Other segment comprised 3.8% of total segment revenues, compared to 5.2% in 2010 with the majority of revenues derived from clients located in Kazakhstan and Ukraine. Other segment revenues increased by $1.3 million, or 11.5%, from $11.5 million in 2010 to $12.9 million in 2011. The growth was primarily attributable to expansion of our services with one of our clients located in Kazakstan which accounted for 46.7% of the overall growth of the Other segment, as well as other clients within Travel and Consumer vertical.
Segment operating profit increased by $1.0 million, or 70.9%, from $1.4 million in 2010 to $2.4 million in 2011. The increase in segment operating profit was primarily attributable to growth in revenues during that period.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Capital Resources
At December 31, 2012, our principal sources of liquidity were cash and cash equivalents totaling $118.1 million and $28.1 million of available borrowings under our revolving line of credit. At December 31, 2012, of our total $118.1 million of cash and cash equivalents, $94.8 million was held outside the United States, including $50.0 million held in U.S. dollar denominated accounts in Belarus, which accrued at an average interest rate of 4.4% during the year ended December 31, 2012.
We have a revolving line of credit with PNC Bank, National Association. Effective January 15, 2013, we entered into a new agreement with the Bank (2013 Credit Facility) which increased our borrowing capacity under the revolving line of credit from $30.0 million to $40.0 million and extended maturity of the new facility to January 15, 2015. Advances under the new line of credit accrue interest at an annual rate equal to the London Interbank Offer Rate, or LIBOR, plus 1.25%. The 2013 Credit Facility is secured by all of our domestic tangible and intangible assets, as well as by 100% of the stock of domestic subsidiaries and 65% of the stock of certain foreign subsidiaries of EPAM Systems, Inc. The line of credit also contains customary financial and reporting covenants and limitations. We are currently in compliance with all covenants contained in our revolving line of credit and believe that our revolving line of credit provides sufficient flexibility such that we will remain in compliance with its terms in the foreseeable future. At December 31, 2012, we had no borrowings outstanding under the then effective line of credit.
Cash and cash equivalents held at locations outside of the United States are for future operating expenses and we have no intention of repatriating those funds. We are not, however, restricted in repatriating those funds back to the United States, if necessary. If we decide to remit funds to the United States in the form of dividends, $93.3 million would be subject to foreign withholding taxes, of which $87.8 million would also be subject to U.S. corporate income tax. We believe that our available cash and cash equivalents held in the United States and cash flow to be generated from domestic operations will be adequate to satisfy our domestic liquidity needs in the foreseeable future. Our ability to expand and grow our business in accordance with current plans and to meet our long-term capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the rate, if any, at which our cash flows increase, our continued intent not to repatriate earnings from outside the United States and the availability of public and private debt and equity financing.
To the extent we pursue one or more significant strategic acquisitions; we may incur debt or sell additional equity to finance those acquisitions.
Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow Data: |
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Net cash provided by operating activities |
$ | 48,499 | $ | 54,520 | $ | 20,473 | ||||||
Net cash used in investing activities |
(59,627 | ) | (17,408 | ) | (10,826 | ) | ||||||
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities |
38,847 | (1,558 | ) | (8,043 | ) | |||||||
Effect of exchange-rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |
1,597 | (762 | ) | (527 | ) | |||||||
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Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 29,316 | $ | 34,792 | $ | 1,077 | ||||||
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Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period |
88,796 | 54,004 | 52,927 | |||||||||
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Cash and cash equivalents, end of period |
$ | 118,112 | $ | 88,796 | $ | 54,004 | ||||||
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Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operations decreased by $6.0 million to $48.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2012 from $54.5 million net cash provided by operations during the same period in 2011. The increase in net income of $11.0 million before accounting for non-cash items in 2012 was more than offset by a decrease in accrued compensation of $15.3 million primarily as a result of higher bonus payments relating to 2011 performance made in 2012 compared to such payments made in 2011.
Net cash provided by operations increased by $34.0 million to $54.5 million during 2011 from $20.5 million net cash provided by operations during 2010, primarily attributable to higher net income that increased by $17.7 million before accounting for non-cash items in 2011 as compared to 2010. Revenues increased by 50.8% in 2011 as compared to 2010, causing net trade and unbilled accounts receivable to increase $18.6 million, or 28.4%, from $65.4 million as of December 31, 2010 to $83.9 million as of December 31, 2011. Amounts due to employees, the majority of which represents payroll costs for the most recent period, increased
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by $2.5 million, or 44.8%, from $5.7 million as of December 31, 2010 to $8.2 million as of December 31, 2011, driven by headcount growth.
Investing Activities
Net cash of $59.6 million was used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2012 as compared to $17.4 million of net cash used in investing activities during the same period in 2011. Capital expenditures decreased by $2.2 million in 2012, as compared to 2011, however, this decrease was more than offset by an increase of $12.2 million spent on construction of facilities in Belarus. Additionally, 2012 investing cash flows were impacted by a total of $33.0 million of net cash paid to acquire operations of Thoughtcorp and Empathy Lab. See Note 2 of our consolidated financial statements in Part IV, Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules Audited Consolidated Financial Statements, for further information regarding these acquisitions.
Net cash of $17.4 million was used in investing activities during 2011 as compared to $10.8 million of net cash used in investing activities during 2010. During 2011, capital expenditures increased by 104.3% to $17.1 million primarily primarily due to IT equipment acquisitions to support our growth in headcount and $1.5 million spent on construction of a new building in Belarus.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2012 increased by $40.4 million as compared to $1.6 million of net cash outflow from financing activities in the same period in 2011. This was primarily due to net $30.6 million received in connection with the initial public offering of our common stock in the first quarter of 2012 compared to the $1.6 million cash outflow related to offering issuance costs in the same period in 2011. Additionally, year-to-date 2012 financing cash flows improved by $8.3 million compared to the same period in 2011 as a result of proceeds received by us from stock option exercises and associated tax benefits.
Net cash used in financing activities during 2011 decreased by $6.5 million to $1.6 million as compared to $8.0 million net cash used during 2010. This was primarily due to a decrease in the amount outstanding under our revolving line of credit of $7.0 million, partially offset by $1.6 million of public offering costs.
Contractual Obligations and Future Capital Requirements
Contractual Obligations
Set forth below is information concerning our fixed and determinable contractual obligations as of December 31, 2012.
Total(1) | Less than 1 Year |
1-3 Years | 3-5 Years | More than 5 years |
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(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Operating lease obligations |
$ | 26,514 | $ | 10,505 | $ | 10,103 | $ | 4,022 | $ | 1,884 | ||||||||||
Other long-term obligations(1)(2) |
6,042 | 6,042 | | | | |||||||||||||||
Employee housing program(3) |
6,179 | 6,179 | | | | |||||||||||||||
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Total |
$ | 38,735 | $ | 22,726 | $ | 10,103 | $ | 4,022 | $ | 1,884 | ||||||||||
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(1) | On December 7, 2011, we entered into an agreement with IDEAB Project Eesti AS for approximately $17.2 million for the construction of a 14,071 square meter office building within the High Technologies Park in Minsk, Belarus. During the year ended December 31 2012, total expected construction cost increased to approximately $19.6 million. The building is expected to be operational in the first half of 2013. As of December 31, 2012, our total outstanding commitment was $5.3 million. |
(2) | In June 2012, we entered into an agreement for construction of 12 corporate apartments located within the High Technology Zone in Minsk, Belarus. During the third quarter of 2012, the agreement was amended and the number of apartments was increased to 26. As of December 31, 2012, the total construction cost for these apartments is estimated at $1.0 million. Our outstanding commitment at December 31, 2012 was approximately $0.7 million. The construction is expected to be completed in 2013. We intend to use the apartments for general business purposes. |
(3) | In the third quarter of 2012, our Board of Directors approved the Employee Housing Program (the Housing Program), which assists employees in purchasing housing in Belarus. We do not bear any market risk in connection with the Housing Program as the housing will be sold directly to employees by independent third parties. As part of the Housing Program, we will extend financing to employees up to an aggregate amount of $10 million. The loans will be issued in U.S. Dollars with a 5 year term and bear an interest rate of 7.5%, which is significantly below the market interest rate in Belarus. The Housing Program was designed to be a retention mechanism for our employees in Belarus and will be available to full-time employees who have been with EPAM for at least three years. |
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Future Capital Requirements
We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents combined with our expected cash flow from operations will be sufficient to meet our projected operating and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next twelve months and that we possess the financial flexibility to execute our strategic objectives, including the ability to make acquisitions and strategic investments in the foreseeable future. Our ability to generate cash, however, is subject to our performance, general economic conditions, industry trends and other factors. To the extent that existing cash and cash equivalents and operating cash flow are insufficient to fund our future activities and requirements, we may need to raise additional funds through public or private equity or debt financing. If we issue equity securities in order to raise additional funds, substantial dilution to existing stockholders may occur. If we raise cash through the issuance of additional indebtedness, we may be subject to additional contractual restrictions on our business. There is no assurance that we would be able to raise additional funds on favorable terms or at all.
Off-Balance Sheet Commitments and Arrangements
We do not have any obligations under guarantee contracts or other contractual arrangements within the scope of FASB ASC paragraph 460-10-15-4 (Guarantees Topic) other than as disclosed in Note 17 of our consolidated financial statements in Part IV, Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules Audited Consolidated Financial Statements,; nor do we have any investments in special purpose entities or undisclosed borrowings or debt. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows are not subject to material off-balance sheet risks.
Critical Accounting Policies
We prepare our audited consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), which require us to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect: (i) the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, (ii) disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the end of each reporting period and (iii) the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during each reporting period. We evaluate these estimates and assumptions based on historical experience, knowledge and assessment of current business and other conditions, and expectations regarding the future based on available information and reasonable assumptions, which together form a basis for making judgments about matters not readily apparent from other sources. Since the use of estimates is an integral component of the financial reporting process, actual results could differ from those estimates. Some of our accounting policies require higher degrees of judgment than others in their application. When reviewing our audited consolidated financial statements, you should consider (i) our selection of critical accounting policies, (ii) the judgment and other uncertainties affecting the application of such policies and (iii) the sensitivity of reported results to changes in conditions and assumptions. We consider the policies discussed below to be critical to an understanding of our audited consolidated financial statements as their application places significant demands on the judgment of our management.
An accounting policy is considered to be critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the estimate is made, and if different estimates that reasonably could have been used, or changes in the accounting estimates that are reasonably likely to occur periodically, could materially impact the audited consolidated financial statements. We believe that the following critical accounting policies are the most sensitive and require more significant estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of our audited consolidated financial statements. You should read the following descriptions of critical accounting policies, judgments and estimates in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and other disclosures included in this annual report.
Revenue Recognition
We generate revenues primarily from software development services. We recognize revenues when realized or realizable and earned, which is when the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; delivery has occurred; the sales price is fixed or determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured. If there is an uncertainty about the project completion or receipt of payment for the consulting services, revenues are deferred until the uncertainty is sufficiently resolved. At the time revenues are recognized, we provide for client incentive programs and reduce revenues accordingly.
We defer amounts billed to our clients for revenues not yet earned. Such amounts are anticipated to be recorded as revenues as services are performed in subsequent periods. Unbilled revenues represent services provided which are billed subsequent to the period end in accordance with the contract terms. All such amounts are anticipated to be realized in subsequent periods.
Our services are performed under both time-and-material and fixed-price contracts arrangements. For revenues generated under time-and-material contracts, revenues are recognized as services are performed with the corresponding cost of providing those services reflected as cost of revenues when incurred. The majority of such revenues are billed on an hourly, daily or monthly basis whereby actual time is charged directly to the client.
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We recognize revenues from fixed-price contracts based on the proportional performance method. In instances where final acceptance of the product, system or solution is specified by the client, revenues are deferred until all acceptance criteria have been met. In absence of a sufficient basis to measure progress towards completion, revenues are recognized upon receipt of final acceptance from the client. The complexity of the estimation process and factors relating to the assumptions, risks and uncertainties inherent with the application of the proportional performance method of accounting affects the amounts of revenues and related expenses reported in our audited consolidated financial statements. A number of internal and external factors can affect our estimates, including labor hours and specification and testing requirement changes. The cumulative impact of any revision in estimates is reflected in the financial reporting period in which the change in estimate becomes known. Our fixed price contracts are generally recognized over a period of twelve months or less.
We enter into multiple element arrangements with our clients under time-and-material and fixed-fee contracts. In October 2009, the FASB issued a new accounting standard which provides guidance for arrangements with multiple deliverables. We adopted this standard effective January 1, 2010 for all new or amended contracts, and it did not have a material effect on our financial condition or consolidated results of operations, or change our units of accounting and how we allocate the arrangement consideration to various units of accounting. These arrangements consist of development services and other service deliverables that qualify for separate units of accounting. These other services include maintenance and support services for our time-and-material contracts and separately priced warranties for our fixed-fee contracts. These deliverables qualify for multiple units of accounting and therefore arrangement consideration is allocated among the units of accounting based on their relative selling price. The relative selling price is based on the price charged for the deliverable when it is sold separately. For multiple element arrangements under time-and-material contracts, revenue is recognized as services are performed for each deliverable. For arrangements under fixed-fee contracts, revenue is recognized upon delivery of development services under the proportional performance method and on a straight-line basis over the warranty period. The warranty period is generally six months to two years.
We report gross reimbursable out-of-pocket expenses incurred as both revenues and cost of revenues in the consolidated statements of income.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable are recorded at net realizable value. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our clients to make required payments. The allowance for doubtful accounts is determined by evaluating the relative creditworthiness of each client, historical collections experience and other information, including the aging of the receivables. Recoveries of losses from accounts receivable written off in prior years are presented within income from operations on our consolidated statements of income.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill is measured as the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the sum of the amounts assigned to tangible and intangible assets acquired less liabilities assumed. The determination of the fair value of the intangible assets acquired involves certain judgments and estimates. These judgments can include, but are not limited to, the cash flows that an asset is expected to generate in the future and the appropriate weighted average cost of capital.
We do not amortize goodwill but perform a test for impairment annually, or when indications of potential impairment exist, utilizing a fair value approach at the reporting unit level. We determine fair value using the income approach, which estimates the fair value of our reporting units based on the future discounted cash flows. In testing for a potential impairment of goodwill, we estimate the fair value of our reporting units to which goodwill relates and determine the carrying value (book value) of the assets and liabilities related to those reporting units.
We amortize other intangible assets with determinable lives over their estimated useful lives. We record an impairment charge on these assets when we determine that their carrying value may not be recoverable. The carrying value is not recoverable if it exceeds the undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. When there exists one or more indicators of impairment, we measure any impairment of intangible assets based on the excess of the carrying value of the asset over its fair value. Its fair value is determined based on projected discounted cash flow method using a discount rate determined by our management to be commensurate with the risk inherent in our business model. The estimates of future cash flows attributable to our other intangible assets require significant judgment based on our historical and anticipated results.
Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes includes federal, state, local and foreign taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences of temporary differences between the audited consolidated financial statement carrying amounts and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the year in which the temporary differences are expected to be reversed. Changes to enacted tax rates would result in either increases or decreases in the provision for income taxes in the period of changes. We evaluate the realizability of deferred tax assets and recognize a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of deferred tax assets will not be realized.
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The realization of deferred tax assets is primarily dependent on future earnings. Any reduction in estimated forecasted results may require that we record valuation allowances against deferred tax assets. Once a valuation allowance has been established, it will be maintained until there is sufficient positive evidence to conclude that it is no longer more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized. A pattern of sustained profitability will generally be considered as sufficient positive evidence to reverse a valuation allowance. If the allowance is reversed in a future period, the income tax provision will be correspondingly reduced. Accordingly, the increase and decrease of valuation allowances could have a significant negative or positive impact on future earnings.
Changes in tax laws and rates may affect recorded deferred tax assets and liabilities and our effective tax rate in the future. The American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (the Act) was signed into law on January 2, 2013. Because a change in tax law is accounted for in the period of enactment, certain provisions of the Act benefiting our 2012 U.S. federal taxes, including the Subpart F controlled foreign corporation look-through exception cannot be recognized in our 2012 financial results. The impact, if any, will be reflected in our 2013 financial results.
Accounting for Stock-Based Employee Compensation Plans
Stock-based compensation expense for awards of equity instruments to employees and non-employee directors is determined based on the grant-date fair value of the awards ultimately expected to vest. We recognize these compensation costs on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the option vesting term of four years.
We estimate forfeitures at the time of grant and revise our estimates, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures or vesting differ from those estimates. Such revisions could have a material effect on our operating results. The assumptions used in the valuation model are based on subjective future expectations combined with management judgment. If any of the assumptions used in the valuation model change significantly, stock-based compensation for future awards may differ materially compared to the awards previously granted.
Earnings per Share
Basic EPS is computed by dividing the net income applicable to common stockholders for the period by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the same period. Our Series A-1 Preferred, Series A-2 Preferred, and Series A-3 Preferred Stock, that had been outstanding and convertible into common stock until February 13, 2012 (the date of our initial public offering), and our puttable common stock were considered participating securities since these securities had non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents during the contractual period and thus required the two-class method of computing EPS. When calculating diluted EPS, the numerator is computed by adding back the undistributed earnings allocated to the participating securities in arriving at the basic EPS and then reallocating such undistributed earnings among our common stock, participating securities and the potential common shares that result from the assumed exercise of all dilutive options. The denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding had the options been issued.
No preferred stock was outstanding as of December 31, 2012, as a result of our initial public offering on February 13, 2012 when all convertible preferred stock was converted into common stock.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 1 to the audited consolidated financial statements included in Part IV, Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules Audited Consolidated Financial Statements, regarding the impact of certain recent accounting pronouncements on our audited consolidated financial statements.
Item 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |
We are exposed to certain market risks in the ordinary course of our business. These risks result primarily from changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates, and concentration of credit risks. In addition, our international operations are subject to risks related to differing economic conditions, changes in political climate, differing tax structures, and other regulations and restrictions.
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Concentration of Credit and Other Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject us to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable and unbilled revenues. These financial instruments approximate fair value due to short-term maturities. We maintain our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments with financial institutions. We believe that our credit policies reflect normal industry terms and business risk. We do not anticipate non-performance by the counterparties and, accordingly, do not require collateral.
We maintain our cash with financial institutions. As of December 31, 2012, $76.2 million of total cash was held in CIS countries, with $50.6 million of that in Belarus. Banking and other financial systems in the CIS are less developed and regulated than in some more developed markets, and legislation relating to banks and bank accounts is subject to varying interpretations and inconsistent application. Banks in the CIS generally do not meet the banking standards of more developed markets, and the transparency of the banking sector lags behind international standards. Furthermore, bank deposits made by corporate entities in CIS are not insured. As a result, the banking sector remains subject to periodic instability. Another banking crisis, or the bankruptcy or insolvency of banks through which we receive or with which we hold funds, particularly in Belarus, may result in the loss of our deposits or adversely affect our ability to complete banking transactions in the CIS, which could materially adversely affect our business and financial condition.
Trade accounts receivable and unbilled revenues are generally dispersed across our clients in proportion to their revenues. During the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, our top five clients accounted for 44.4% and 44.6% of our total revenues, respectively. During 2011 and 2010, our largest client, Thomson Reuters, accounted for over 10% of our revenues; however, there were no customers accounting for over 10% of our revenues in 2012. Accounts receivable and unbilled revenues for this client were 15.9% and 15.0% of total accounts receivable and unbilled revenues, respectively, as of December 31, 2011.
Credit losses and write-offs of trade accounts receivable balances have historically not been material to our audited consolidated financial statements.
Interest Rate Risk
Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our cash and cash equivalents and our revolving line of credit bearing interest at LIBOR plus 1.25% rate. We do not use derivative financial instruments to hedge our risk of interest rate volatility.
We have not been exposed to material risks due to changes in market interest rates. However, our future interest expense may increase and interest income may fall due to changes in market interest rates.
Foreign Exchange Risk
Our audited consolidated financial statements are reported in U.S. dollars. Our international operations expose us to foreign currency exchange rate changes that could impact translations of foreign denominated assets and liabilities into U.S. dollars and future earnings and cash flows from transactions denominated in different currencies. Our exposure to currency exchange rate changes is diversified due to the number of different countries in which we conduct business. We operate outside the United States primarily through wholly owned subsidiaries in Canada, Europe, the CIS and CEE regions and generate a significant portion of our revenues in certain non-U.S. dollar currencies, principally, euros, British pounds and Russian rubles. We incur expenditures in non-U.S. dollar currencies, principally in Hungarian forints, euros and Russian rubles associated with our delivery centers located in CEE. We are exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates primarily on accounts receivable and unbilled revenues from sales in these foreign currencies and cash flows for expenditures in foreign currencies. We do not use derivative financial instruments to hedge the risk of foreign exchange volatility. Our results of operations can be affected if the euro and/or the British pound appreciate or depreciate against the U.S. dollar. Our exchange rate risk primarily arises from our foreign currency revenues and expenses. Based on our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2012, a 1.0% appreciation / (depreciation) of the euro against the U.S. dollar would result in an estimated increase / (decrease) of approximately $0.3 million in net income, and 1.0% appreciation / (depreciation) of the British pound against the U.S. dollar would result in an estimated increase / (decrease) of approximately $0.3 million in net income.
To the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars into foreign currencies for our operations, appreciation of such foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar would adversely affect the amount of such foreign currencies we receive from the conversion. Sensitivity analysis is used as a primary tool in evaluating the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices on our business operations. The analysis quantifies the impact of potential changes in these rates and prices on our earnings, cash flows and fair values of assets and liabilities during the forecast period, most commonly within a one-year period. The ranges of changes used for the purpose of this analysis reflect our view of changes that are reasonably possible over the forecast period. Fair values are the present value of projected future cash flows based on market rates and chosen prices.
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Changes in the currency exchange rates resulted in our reporting a net transactional foreign currency exchange loss of $1.8 million, $4.0 million and $1.5 million in 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively, which are included in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.
Additionally, foreign currency translation adjustments from translating financials statements of our foreign subsidiaries from local currency to the U.S. dollars are recorded as a separate component of stockholders equity or included in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income if local currencies of our foreign subsidiaries differ from their functional currencies. During the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010 we recorded $2.5 million of translation gain, and $1.3 million and $0.4 million of translation losses within our consolidated accumulated other comprehensive income, respectively. Additionally, we recorded $0.3 million and $0.7 million of translation losses in 2012 and 2010, and $0.3 million of translation gain in 2011 within our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.
Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data |
The information required is included in this annual report as set forth in Part IV, Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.
Item 9. | Changes In and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure |
None.
Item 9A. | Controls and Procedures |
Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of December 31, 2012, we carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as to the effectiveness, design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. The term disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SECs rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the companys management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal controls will prevent and/or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefit of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitation in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our company have been detected. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in the Exchange Act Rules 13a- 15(e) and 15d-15(e)) were effective as of December 31, 2012.
Managements Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Because of its inherent limitations, a system of internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance and may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that internal controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework set forth in Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
53
Based on this assessment, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective at December 31, 2012.
This annual report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Managements report was not subject to attestation by the our independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to the rules of the Securities Exchange Commission that permit us to provide only managements report in this annual report.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2012, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. | Other Information |
None.
54
Item 10. | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance |
The information required by this item is set forth under the sections Election of Directors, Our Executive Officers, Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance and Corporate Governance in in our definitive Proxy Statement (the 2013 Proxy Statement) for our annual general meeting of stockholders to be held on June 13, 2013, which sections are incorporated herein by reference.
Item 11. | Executive Compensation |
Information required by this item is set forth under the sections Executive Compensation Tables and Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation in the 2013 Proxy Statement, which sections are incorporated herein by reference.
Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters |
Information required by this item is set forth under the section Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management in the 2013 Proxy Statement, which section is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence |
Information required by this item is set forth under the section Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence in the 2013 Proxy Statement, which section is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 14. | Principal Accountant Fees and Services |
Information required by this item is set forth under the section Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Fees and Other Matters in the 2013 Proxy Statement, which section is incorporated herein by reference.
55
Item 15. | Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules |
(a) | We have filed the following documents as part of this annual report: |
1. | Audited Consolidated Financial Statements |
2. | Financial Statement Schedules |
Financial statement schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is shown in the financial statements or the notes thereto.
3. | Exhibits |
A list of exhibits required to be filed as part of this annual report is set forth in the Exhibit Index, which immediately precedes such exhibits and is incorporated herein by reference.
56
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on the 11 day of March, 2013.
EPAM SYSTEMS, INC. | ||||
By: | /s/ Arkadiy Dobkin | |||
Name: | Arkadiy Dobkin | |||
Title: | Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature |
Title |
Date | ||
/s/ Arkadiy Dobkin Arkadiy Dobkin |
Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President (principal executive officer) |
March 11, 2013 | ||
/s/ Ilya Cantor Ilya Cantor |
Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (principal financial officer and principal accounting officer) |
March 11, 2013 | ||
/s/ Karl Robb Karl Robb |
Director | March 11, 2013 | ||
/s/ Andrew J. Guff Andrew J. Guff |
Director | March 11, 2013 | ||
/s/ Donald P. Spencer Donald P. Spencer |
Director | March 11, 2013 | ||
/s/ Richard Michael Mayoras Richard Michael Mayoras |
Director | March 11, 2013 | ||
/s/ Robert Segert Robert Segert |
Director | March 11, 2013 | ||
/s/ Ronald Vargo Ronald Vargo |
Director | March 11, 2013 |
57
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Page | ||||
Audited Consolidated Financial Statements |
||||
F-2 | ||||
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 |
F-3 | |||
F-4 | ||||
F-5 | ||||
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for Years Ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 |
F-7 | |||
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for Years Ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 |
F-8 |
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
EPAM Systems, Inc.
Newtown, PA
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of EPAM Systems, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, changes in redeemable preferred stock and stockholders equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of EPAM Systems, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
Philadelphia, PA
March 11, 2013
F-2
EPAM SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
As of December 31, 2012 |
As of December 31, 2011 |
|||||||
(in thousands, except share and per share data) |
||||||||
Assets |
||||||||
Current assets |
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 118,112 | $ | 88,796 | ||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $2,203 and $2,250, respectively |
78,906 | 59,472 | ||||||
Unbilled revenues |
33,414 | 24,475 | ||||||
Prepaid and other current assets |
12,264 | 6,436 | ||||||
Time deposits |
1,006 | | ||||||
Restricted cash, current |
660 | | ||||||
Deferred tax assets, current |
6,593 | 4,384 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total current assets |
250,955 | 183,563 | ||||||
Property and equipment, net |
53,135 | 35,482 | ||||||
Restricted cash, long-term |
467 | 2,582 | ||||||
Intangible assets, net |
16,834 | 1,251 | ||||||
Goodwill |
22,698 | 8,169 | ||||||
Deferred tax assets, long-term |
6,093 | 1,875 | ||||||
Other long-term assets |
632 | 2,691 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total assets |
$ | 350,814 | $ | 235,613 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Liabilities |
||||||||
Current liabilities |
||||||||
Accounts payable |
$ | 6,095 | $ | 2,714 | ||||
Accrued expenses and other liabilities |
19,814 | 24,782 | ||||||
Deferred revenue |
6,369 | 6,949 | ||||||
Due to employees |
12,026 | 8,234 | ||||||
Taxes payable |
14,557 | 8,712 | ||||||
Deferred tax liabilities, current |
491 | 1,736 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total current liabilities |
59,352 | 53,127 | ||||||
Deferred revenue, long-term |
1,263 | | ||||||
Taxes payable, long-term |
1,228 | 1,204 | ||||||
Deferred tax liabilities, long-term |
2,691 | 283 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total liabilities |
64,534 | 54,614 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 17) |
||||||||
Preferred stock, $.001 par value; 0 and 5,000,000 authorized at December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, 0 and 2,054,935 Series A-1 convertible redeemable preferred stock issued and outstanding at December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011; $.001 par value 0 and 945,114 authorized at December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, 0 and 384,804 Series A-2 convertible redeemable preferred stock issued and outstanding at December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 |
| 85,940 | ||||||
Stockholders equity |
||||||||
Common stock, $.001 par value; 160,000,000 authorized; 45,398,523 and 18,914,616 shares issued, 44,442,494 and 17,158,904 shares outstanding at December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively |
44 | 17 | ||||||
Preferred stock, $.001 par value; 0 and 290,277 authorized Series A-3 convertible preferred stock issued and outstanding at December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively |
| | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
166,962 | 40,020 | ||||||
Retained earnings |
128,992 | 74,508 | ||||||
Treasury stock |
(8,697 | ) | (15,972 | ) | ||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |
(1,021 | ) | (3,514 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total stockholders equity |
286,280 | 95,059 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total liabilities and stockholders equity |
$ | 350,814 | $ | 235,613 | ||||
|
|
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements
F-3
EPAM SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||
Revenues |
$ | 433,799 | $ | 334,528 | $ | 221,824 | ||||||
Operating expenses: |
||||||||||||
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) |
270,361 | 205,336 | 132,528 | |||||||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses |
85,868 | 64,930 | 47,635 | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization expense |
10,882 | 7,538 | 6,242 | |||||||||
Goodwill impairment loss |
| 1,697 | | |||||||||
Other operating expenses, net |
682 | 19 | 2,629 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Income from operations |
66,006 | 55,008 | 32,790 | |||||||||
Interest and other income, net |
1,941 | 1,422 | 486 | |||||||||
Foreign exchange loss |
(2,084 | ) | (3,638 | ) | (2,181 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Income before provision for income taxes |
65,863 | 52,792 | 31,095 | |||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
11,379 | 8,439 | 2,787 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net income |
$ | 54,484 | $ | 44,353 | $ | 28,308 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Cumulative translation adjustment |
2,493 | (1,250 | ) | (397 | ) | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Comprehensive income |
$ | 56,977 | $ | 43,103 | $ | 27,911 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Accretion of preferred stock |
| (17,563 | ) | (1,432 | ) | |||||||
Net income allocated to participating securities |
(3,341 | ) | (15,025 | ) | (17,984 | ) | ||||||
Effect on income available from redemption of preferred stock |
| | 5,418 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net income available for common stockholders |
51,143 | 11,765 | 14,310 | |||||||||
Net income per share of common stock: |
||||||||||||
Basic (common) |
$ | 1.27 | $ | 0.69 | $ | 0.84 | ||||||
Basic (puttable common) |
$ | | $ | 1.42 | $ | 0.84 | ||||||
Diluted (common) |
$ | 1.17 | $ | 0.63 | $ | 0.79 | ||||||
Diluted (puttable common) |
$ | | $ | 0.77 | $ | 0.79 | ||||||
Shares used in calculation of net income per share of common stock: |
||||||||||||
Basic (common) |
40,190 | 17,094 | 17,056 | |||||||||
Basic (puttable common) |
| 18 | 141 | |||||||||
Diluted (common) |
43,821 | 20,473 | 19,314 | |||||||||
Diluted (puttable common) |
| 18 | 141 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements
F-4
EPAM SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN
REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Series A-1 and A-2, Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock |
Puttable Common Stock |
Common Stock | Series A-3 Convertible Preferred Stock |
Additional Paid-in Capital |
Retained Earnings |
Treasury Stock |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income |
Total Stockholders Equity |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except share data) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2009 |
2,730,016 | $ | 87,413 | 171,312 | $ | 1,264 | 17,060,504 | $ | 17 | | $ | | $ | 12,582 | $ | 20,842 | $ | (15,040 | ) | $ | (1,867 | ) | $ | 16,534 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase and retirement of Series A-2 convertible redeemable preferred stock |
(290,277 | ) | (20,468 | ) | | | | | | | 5,418 | | | | 5,418 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issue of Series A-3 convertible preferred stock |
| | | | | | 290,277 | | 14,971 | | | | 14,971 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accretion of A-1 preferred stock to redemption value |
| 1,432 | | | | | | | | (1,432 | ) | | | (1,432 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchase of common stock (Note 13) |
| | | | | | | | | | (6,392 | ) | | (6,392 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net proceeds from sale of common stock (Note 13) |
| | | | | | | | (58 | ) | | 6,392 | | 6,334 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchase of puttable stock (Note 13) |
| | (114,416 | ) | (932 | ) | | | | | 932 | | (932 | ) | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustment of shares issued in connection with acquisition of Rodmon |
| | | | (11,696 | ) | | | | (60 | ) | | | (60 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense |
| | | | | | | | 2,939 | | | | 2,939 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Proceeds from stock options exercise |
| | | | 5,600 | | | | 26 | | | | 26 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Currency translation adjustment |
| | | | | | | | | | | (397 | ) | (397 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income |
|