Form 10-K
Table of Contents

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

 

 

 

FORM 10-K

 

 

 

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011

 

OR

 

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission file number 1-13087

 

BOSTON PROPERTIES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware   04-2473675

(State or other jurisdiction

of incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification Number)

Prudential Center, 800 Boylston Street, Suite 1900

Boston, Massachusetts

  02199-8103
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)

 

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (617) 236-3300

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class

 

Name of exchange on which registered

Common Stock, par value $.01 per share

Preferred Stock Purchase Rights

  New York Stock Exchange

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  x    No  ¨

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ¨    No  x

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  x

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

 

Large accelerated filer  x             Accelerated filer  ¨            Non-accelerated filer  ¨            Smaller reporting company  ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

 

As of June 30, 2011, the aggregate market value of the 144,092,957 shares of common stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant was $15,296,908,315 based upon the last reported sale price of $106.16 per share on the New York Stock Exchange on June 30, 2011. (For this computation, the Registrant has excluded the market value of all shares of Common Stock reported as beneficially owned by executive officers and directors of the Registrant; such exclusion shall not be deemed to constitute an admission that any such person is an affiliate of the Registrant.)

 

As of February 21, 2012, there were 148,280,022 shares of Common Stock outstanding.

 

Certain information contained in the Registrant’s Proxy Statement relating to its Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held May 15, 2012 is incorporated by reference in Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III. The Registrant intends to file such Proxy Statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the end of its fiscal year ended December 31, 2011.

 

 

 


Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

ITEM NO.

  

DESCRIPTION

 

PAGE NO.

 

PART I

       1   

1.

  

BUSINESS

    1   

1A.

  

RISK FACTORS

    17   

1B.

  

UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

    36   

2.

  

PROPERTIES

    37   

3.

  

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

    43   

4.

  

MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

    43   

PART II

       44   

5.

  

MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

    44   

6.

  

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

    46   

7.

  

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

    48   

7A.

  

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

    100   

8.

  

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

    101   

9.

  

CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

    150   

9A.

  

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

    150   

9B.

  

OTHER INFORMATION

    150   

PART III

       151   

10.

  

DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

    151   

11.

  

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

    151   

12.

  

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

    151   

13.

  

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

    152   

14.

  

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

    152   

PART IV

       153   

15.

  

EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

    153   


Table of Contents

PART I

 

Item 1. Business

 

General

 

As used herein, the terms “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” refer to Boston Properties, Inc., a Delaware corporation organized in 1997, individually or together with its subsidiaries, including Boston Properties Limited Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership, and our predecessors. We are a fully integrated, self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust, or “REIT,” and one of the largest owners and developers of office properties in the United States.

 

Our properties are concentrated in five markets—Boston, New York, Princeton, San Francisco and Washington, DC. We conduct substantially all of our business through our subsidiary, Boston Properties Limited Partnership. At December 31, 2011, we owned or had interests in 153 properties, totaling approximately 42.2 million net rentable square feet, including seven properties under construction totaling approximately 2.6 million net rentable square feet. In addition, we had structured parking for approximately 44,528 vehicles containing approximately 15.1 million square feet. Our properties consisted of:

 

   

146 office properties including 128 Class A office properties (including six properties under construction) and 18 Office/Technical properties;

 

   

one hotel;

 

   

three retail properties; and

 

   

three residential properties (one of which is under construction).

 

We own or control undeveloped land totaling approximately 510.5 acres, which could support approximately 11.4 million square feet of additional development. In addition, we have a noncontrolling interest in the Boston Properties Office Value-Added Fund, L.P., which we refer to as the “Value-Added Fund,” which is a strategic partnership with two institutional investors through which we have pursued the acquisition of assets within our existing markets that have deficiencies in property characteristics that provide an opportunity to create value through repositioning, refurbishment or renovation. Our investments through the Value-Added Fund are not included in our portfolio information tables or any other portfolio level statistics. At December 31, 2011, the Value-Added Fund had investments in an office property in Chelmsford, Massachusetts and complexes in Mountain View, California.

 

We consider Class A office properties to be centrally-located buildings that are professionally managed and maintained, attract high-quality tenants and command upper-tier rental rates, and that are modern structures or have been modernized to compete with newer buildings. We consider Office/Technical properties to be properties that support office, research and development, laboratory and other technical uses. Our definitions of Class A office and Office/Technical properties may be different than those used by other companies.

 

We are a full-service real estate company, with substantial in-house expertise and resources in acquisitions, development, financing, capital markets, construction management, property management, marketing, leasing, accounting, tax and legal services. As of December 31, 2011, we had approximately 700 employees. Our thirty-four senior officers have an average of twenty-seven years experience in the real estate industry, including an average of seventeen years of experience with us. Our principal executive office and Boston regional office is located at The Prudential Center, 800 Boylston Street, Suite 1900, Boston, Massachusetts 02199 and our telephone number is (617) 236-3300. In addition, we have regional offices at 599 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10022; 302 Carnegie Center, Princeton, New Jersey 08540; Four Embarcadero Center, San Francisco, California 94111; and 2200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037.

 

Our Web site is located at http://www.bostonproperties.com. On our Web site, you can obtain a free copy of our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments

 

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to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. You may also obtain our reports by accessing the EDGAR database at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov, or we will furnish an electronic or paper copy of these reports free of charge upon written request to: Investor Relations, Boston Properties, Inc., The Prudential Center, 800 Boylston Street, Suite 1900, Boston, Massachusetts 02199. The name “Boston Properties” and our logo (consisting of a stylized “b”) are registered service marks of Boston Properties Limited Partnership.

 

Boston Properties Limited Partnership

 

Boston Properties Limited Partnership, or BPLP or our Operating Partnership, is a Delaware limited partnership, and the entity through which we conduct substantially all of our business and own, either directly or through subsidiaries, substantially all of our assets. We are the sole general partner and, as of February 21, 2012, the owner of approximately 88.3% of the economic interests in BPLP. Economic interest was calculated as the number of common partnership units of BPLP owned by the Company as a percentage of the sum of (1) the actual aggregate number of outstanding common partnership units of BPLP, (2) the number of common partnership units issuable upon conversion of outstanding preferred partnership units of BPLP and (3) the number of common units issuable upon conversion of all outstanding long term incentive plan units of BPLP, or LTIP Units, other than LTIP Units issued in the form of Outperformance Awards (“OPP Awards”), assuming all conditions have been met for the conversion of the LTIP Units. An LTIP Unit is generally the economic equivalent of a share of our restricted common stock, although LTIP Units issued in the form of OPP Awards are only entitled to receive one-tenth (1/10th ) of the regular quarterly distributions (and no special distributions) prior to being earned. Our general and limited partnership interests in BPLP entitle us to share in cash distributions from, and in the profits and losses of, BPLP in proportion to our percentage interest and entitle us to vote on all matters requiring a vote of the limited partners. The other limited partners of BPLP are persons who contributed their direct or indirect interests in properties to BPLP in exchange for common units or preferred units of limited partnership interest in BPLP or recipients of LTIP Units pursuant to the Second Amendment and Restatement of our 1997 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “1997 Plan”). Under the limited partnership agreement of BPLP, unitholders may present their common units of BPLP for redemption at any time (subject to restrictions agreed upon at the time of issuance of the units that may restrict such right for a period of time, generally one year from issuance). Upon presentation of a unit for redemption, BPLP must redeem the unit for cash equal to the then value of a share of our common stock. In lieu of cash redemption by BPLP, however, we may elect to acquire any common units so tendered by issuing shares of our common stock in exchange for the common units. If we so elect, our common stock will be exchanged for common units on a one-for-one basis. This one-for-one exchange ratio is subject to specified adjustments to prevent dilution. We generally expect that we will elect to issue our common stock in connection with each such presentation for redemption rather than having BPLP pay cash. With each such exchange or redemption, our percentage ownership in BPLP will increase. In addition, whenever we issue shares of our common stock other than to acquire common units of BPLP, we must contribute any net proceeds we receive to BPLP and BPLP must issue to us an equivalent number of common units of BPLP. This structure is commonly referred to as an umbrella partnership REIT, or “UPREIT.”

 

Preferred units of BPLP have the rights, preferences and other privileges, including the right to convert into common units of BPLP, as are set forth in an amendment to the limited partnership agreement of BPLP. As of December 31, 2011 and February 21, 2012, BPLP had one series of its preferred units outstanding. The Series Two Preferred Units have a liquidation preference of $50.00 per unit (or an aggregate of approximately $55.7 million and $51.5 million, respectively at December 31, 2011 and February 21, 2012). The Series Two Preferred Units are convertible, at the holder’s election, into common units at a conversion price of $38.10 per common unit (equivalent to a ratio of 1.312336 common units per Series Two Preferred Unit). Distributions on the Series Two Preferred Units are payable quarterly and, unless the greater rate described in the next sentence applies, accrue at 6.0% per annum. If distributions on the number of OP Units into which the Series Two Preferred Units are convertible are greater than distributions calculated using the rate described in the preceding

 

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sentence for the applicable quarterly period, then the greater distributions are payable instead. The holders of Series Two Preferred Units have the right to require BPLP to redeem their units for cash at the redemption price of $50.00 per unit on May 14, 2012, May 14, 2013 and May 12, 2014. The maximum number of units that may be required to be redeemed from all holders on each of these dates is 1,007,662, which is one-sixth of the number of Series Two Preferred Units that were originally issued. The holders also had the right to have their Series Two Preferred Units redeemed for cash as of May 12, 2009, May 12, 2010 and May 12, 2011, although no holder exercised such right. On May 14, 2013 and May 12, 2014, BPLP also has the right, subject to certain conditions, to redeem Series Two Preferred Units for cash or to convert into OP Units any Series Two Preferred Units that are not redeemed when they are eligible for redemption.

 

Transactions During 2011

 

Acquisitions

 

On February 1, 2011, we completed the acquisition of Bay Colony Corporate Center in Waltham, Massachusetts for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $185.0 million. The purchase price consisted of approximately $41.1 million of cash and the assumption of approximately $143.9 million of indebtedness. The assumed debt is a securitized senior mortgage loan that bears interest at a fixed rate of 6.53% per annum and matures on June 11, 2012. The loan requires interest-only payments with a balloon payment due at maturity. Bay Colony Corporate Center is an approximately 985,000 net rentable square foot, four-building Class A office park situated on a 58-acre site in Waltham, Massachusetts.

 

On November 22, 2011, we acquired 2440 West El Camino Real located in Mountain View, California for a net purchase price of approximately $71.1 million in cash. 2440 West El Camino Real is an approximately 140,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property that is currently 100% leased.

 

Dispositions

 

On May 23, 2011, we entered into a ground lease for 75 Ames Street, a vacant land parcel in Cambridge, Massachusetts located on the same site as our Cambridge Center West Garage property and adjacent to our Seven Cambridge Center property, with a third party. In addition, we entered into a development agreement to serve as project manager for a 250,000 square foot research laboratory building to be developed on the site at the ground lessee’s expense and will also serve, upon completion of development, as property manager. The terms of the ground lease require us to form a condominium for the site upon completion of the development, at which time each party will subject their respective interests in the buildings and land to the condominium and will in turn be conveyed a condominium unit comprised of their respective building as well as an undivided ownership interest in the land. Gross proceeds to us are expected to be $56.8 million, including $11.4 million in development fees for our services. As of December 31, 2011, we had received approximately $48.9 million and anticipate receiving another $7.9 million in development fees through the third quarter of 2014. The cash received under the ground lease will initially be recognized as unearned revenue and recognized over the 99-year term of the ground lease. We will recognize approximately $459,000 per year in ground lease payments prior to the anticipated conveyance of the condominium interest in 2014. Upon completion of the development and conveyance of the condominium interest, the transaction and related remaining costs will be accounted for and recognized as a gain on sale of real estate in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) ASC 360-20 “Real Estate Sales.”

 

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Developments

 

As of December 31, 2011, we had seven projects under construction comprised of six office properties and one residential property, which aggregate approximately 2.6 million square feet. We estimate the total investment to complete these projects, in the aggregate, to be approximately $1.8 billion of which we had already invested approximately $1.0 billion as of December 31, 2011. The investment through December 31, 2011 and estimated total investment for our properties under construction as of December 31, 2011 are detailed below (in thousands):

 

Construction Properties

  Estimated
Stabilization Date
  Location   Investment
to Date(1)
    Estimated Total
Investment(1)
 

Office

       

510 Madison Avenue

  Third Quarter, 2013   New York, NY   $ 355,262      $ 375,000   

Annapolis Junction Lot 6 (50% ownership)

  Third Quarter, 2013   Annapolis, MD     9,215        14,000   

12310 Sunrise Valley

  First Quarter, 2012   Reston, VA     53,780        67,000   

500 North Capitol (30% ownership)

  Fourth Quarter, 2013   Washington, DC     17,733        36,540   

Seventeen Cambridge Center

  Third Quarter, 2013   Cambridge, MA     23,976        86,300   

250 West 55th Street

  Fourth Quarter, 2015   New York, NY     532,606        1,050,000   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Office Properties under Construction

      $ 992,572      $ 1,628,840   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Residential

       

Reston Town Center Residential

  Fourth Quarter, 2015   Reston, VA   $ 25,041      $ 137,250   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Residential Properties under Construction

      $ 25,041      $ 137,250   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Properties under Construction

      $ 1,017,613      $ 1,766,090   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) Represents our share. Includes net revenue during lease up period and approximately $43.6 million of construction cost and leasing commission accruals.

 

On January 14, 2011, we placed in-service approximately 57% of the office component of our Atlantic Wharf development project located in Boston, Massachusetts. The office component is comprised of approximately 798,000 net rentable square feet. On November 15, 2011, we completed and fully placed in-service the office component of this development project.

 

On March 1, 2011, we placed in-service approximately 13% of the office component of our 2200 Pennsylvania Avenue development project located in Washington, DC. The office component is comprised of approximately 459,000 net rentable square feet. On August 17, 2011, we completed and fully placed in-service the office component of this development project.

 

On May 1, 2011, we placed in-service approximately 16% of our 510 Madison Avenue development project located in New York City. 510 Madison Avenue is an approximately 347,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property. As of December 31, 2011, 45% of this development project has been placed in-service.

 

On May 11, 2011, we partially placed in-service the Residences on The Avenue, the residential component of our 2221 I Street, NW development project located in Washington, DC. The residential component is comprised of 335 apartment units and approximately 50,000 square feet of retail space. On July 13, 2011, we completed and fully placed in-service the residential component of this development project.

 

On May 24, 2011, we signed a lease with the law firm of Morrison & Foerster LLP for approximately 184,000 square feet at 250 West 55th Street in New York City. In conjunction with the execution of the lease, we resumed development of the planned approximately 989,000 square foot class A office project and commenced capitalization of interest. We expect the law firm to move into the completed building in the spring of 2014.

 

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On July 1, 2011, we completed and placed in-service 100% of The Lofts at Atlantic Wharf, the residential component of our Atlantic Wharf development project located in Boston, Massachusetts. The residential component is comprised of 86 apartment units and approximately 9,000 square feet of retail space.

 

On July 1, 2011, we entered into lease amendments with the existing tenant at our three-building complex in Reston, Virginia, which will be redeveloped as the headquarters for the Defense Intelligence Agency. Under the agreement, the tenant will terminate early its leases for approximately 523,000 square feet at the complex and be responsible for certain payments to us aggregating approximately $14.8 million, of which approximately $13.1 million was recognized in 2011 and the remaining approximately $1.7 million is anticipated to be recognized during the first quarter of 2012. On July 5, 2011, we commenced the redevelopment of the 12310 Sunrise Valley Drive property at the complex, which is expected to be completed during the first quarter of 2012. We will capitalize incremental costs during the redevelopment.

 

On July 14, 2011, we entered into a 15-year lease with Biogen Idec for 100% of a build-to-suit development project with approximately 190,000 net rentable square feet of Class A office space located on land owned by us at 17 Cambridge Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In conjunction with the execution of the lease, we commenced construction of the project and expect that the project will be complete and available for occupancy during the third quarter of 2013.

 

On December 19, 2011, we commenced the construction of our Reston Town Center Residential project, a residential project comprised of 359 apartment units located in Reston, Virginia.

 

Secured Debt Transactions

 

On January 12, 2011, we notified the master servicer of the $25.0 million non-recourse mortgage loan collateralized by our Montvale Center property located in Gaithersburg, Maryland that the cash flows generated from the property were insufficient to fund debt service payments and capital improvements necessary to lease and operate the property and that we were not prepared to fund any cash shortfalls. Accordingly, at our request, the loan was placed with the special servicer. We are not current on making debt service payments and are currently in default. We are currently accruing interest at the default interest rate of 9.93% per annum. The net book value of the property at December 31, 2011 totaled approximately $8.3 million, which is less than the estimated fair value of the property (See Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).

 

On February 1, 2011, in connection with our acquisition of Bay Colony Corporate Center in Waltham, Massachusetts, we assumed the mortgage loan collateralized by the property totaling approximately $143.9 million. The assumed debt is a securitized senior mortgage loan that requires interest-only payments with a balloon payment due at maturity. The assumed mortgage loan, which bears contractual interest at a fixed rate of 6.53% per annum and matures on June 11, 2012, was recorded at its fair value of approximately $149.2 million using an effective interest rate of 3.75% per annum.

 

On May 11, 2011, we refinanced at maturity our mortgage loan collateralized by our 601 Lexington Avenue property located in New York City totaling approximately $453.3 million utilizing the proceeds of a draw under our Operating Partnership’s Unsecured Line of Credit, which borrowing was secured by a mortgage on the property. The mortgage loan bore interest at a fixed rate of 7.19% per annum.

 

On August 19, 2011, we obtained mortgage financing totaling $725.0 million collateralized by our 601 Lexington Avenue property located in New York City. The mortgage loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 4.75% per annum and matures on April 10, 2022. Proceeds from the mortgage financing were used to repay the borrowing under our Operating Partnership’s Unsecured Line of Credit totaling approximately $453.3 million. The additional cash proceeds were used to refinance the $267.5 million mortgage loan collateralized by our 510 Madison Avenue property located in New York City. In connection with the refinancing, the lien of the 510 Madison Avenue mortgage was spread to 601 Lexington Avenue and released from 510 Madison Avenue so that 510 Madison Avenue is no longer encumbered by any mortgage debt.

 

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On November 9, 2011, we used available cash to repay the mortgage loan collateralized by our Reservoir Place property located in Waltham, Massachusetts totaling $50.0 million. The mortgage financing bore interest at a variable rate equal to Eurodollar plus 2.20% per annum and was scheduled to mature on July 30, 2014. There was no prepayment penalty. We recognized a loss from early extinguishment of debt totaling approximately $0.5 million consisting of the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs.

 

On November 16, 2011, we terminated the construction loan facility collateralized by our Atlantic Wharf property totaling $192.5 million. The construction loan facility bore interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 3.00% per annum and was scheduled to mature on April 21, 2012 with two, one-year extension options, subject to certain conditions. We did not draw any amounts under the facility. We recognized a loss from early extinguishment of debt totaling approximately $0.4 million consisting of the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs.

 

Unsecured Senior Notes

 

On November 10, 2011, our Operating Partnership completed a public offering of $850.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.700% unsecured senior notes due 2018. The notes were priced at 99.767% of the principal amount to yield an effective interest rate (including financing fees) of 3.853% to maturity. The notes will mature on November 15, 2018, unless earlier redeemed. The aggregate net proceeds from the offering were approximately $841.2 million after deducting underwriting discounts and transaction expenses.

 

Unsecured Exchangeable Senior Notes

 

On November 9, 2011, our Operating Partnership repurchased $50.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 2.875% exchangeable senior notes due 2037 for approximately $50.2 million. The repurchased notes had an aggregate carrying value of approximately $49.6 million at the time of repurchase resulting in the recognition of a loss on early extinguishment of debt of approximately $0.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2011 (See Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).

 

Unsecured Line of Credit

 

On June 24, 2011, our Operating Partnership amended and restated the revolving credit agreement governing its Unsecured Line of Credit, which (1) reduced the total commitment from $1.0 billion to $750.0 million, (2) extended the maturity date from August 3, 2011 to June 24, 2014, with a provision for a one-year extension at our option, subject to certain conditions and the payment of an extension fee equal to 0.20% of the total commitment then in effect, and (3) increased the per annum variable interest rates available, which resulted in an increase of the per annum variable interest rate on outstanding balances from Eurodollar plus 0.475% per annum to Eurodollar plus 1.225% per annum. Under the amended Unsecured Line of Credit, we may increase the total commitment to $1.0 billion, subject to syndication of the increase. In addition, a facility fee currently equal to an aggregate of 0.225% per annum of the total commitment is payable in equal quarterly installments. The interest rate and facility fee are subject to adjustment in the event of a change in our unsecured debt ratings. The Unsecured Line of Credit is a recourse obligation of our Operating Partnership. The Unsecured Line of Credit also contains a competitive bid option that allows banks that are part of the lender consortium to bid to make loan advances to us at a reduced interest rate.

 

Equity Transactions

 

On April 21, 2010, we announced that we had established an “at the market” (ATM) stock offering program through which we may sell from time to time up to an aggregate of $400.0 million of our common stock through sales agents for a three-year period. During the year ended December 31, 2011, we utilized this program to issue an aggregate of 4,228,993 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of approximately $400.0 million and net proceeds of approximately $394.7 million. No amount remains available for issuance under this ATM program.

 

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On June 2, 2011, we established a new ATM stock offering program through which we may sell from time to time up to an aggregate of $600.0 million of our common stock through sales agents over a three-year period. During the year ended December 31, 2011, we issued an aggregate of 431,223 shares of common stock under this ATM stock offering program for gross proceeds of approximately $44.9 million and net proceeds of approximately $44.3 million. As of December 31, 2011, approximately $555.1 million remained available for issuance under this ATM program.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2011, we acquired an aggregate of 2,919,323 common units of limited partnership interest, including 60,414 common units issued upon the conversion of LTIP units, presented by the holders for redemption, in exchange for an equal number of shares of common stock. During the year ended December 31, 2011, we issued 316,159 shares of common stock as a result of stock options being exercised.

 

Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures

 

On March 16, 2011, our Value-Added Fund extended the maturity date by two months to May 31, 2011 of the mortgage loan collateralized by its Mountain View Technology Park property located in Mountain View, California totaling approximately $24.7 million. The mortgage loan bore interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 1.50% per annum and was scheduled to mature on March 31, 2011. On June 29, 2011, our Value-Added Fund extended the maturity date to November 15, 2011. On November 22, 2011, our Value-Added Fund refinanced the mortgage loan totaling approximately $24.6 million. The new mortgage loan totaling $20.0 million bears interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 2.50% per annum and matures on November 22, 2014. In connection with the loan refinancing, the unconsolidated joint venture repaid approximately $4.6 million of the previous mortgage loan utilizing existing cash reserves and the proceeds from a loan from our Operating Partnership. The loan from our Operating Partnership consists of an agreement to lend up to $6.0 million to the Value-Added Fund, of which approximately $3.7 million had been advanced as of December 31, 2011. The loan from our Operating Partnership bears interest at a fixed rate of 10.0% per annum and matures on November 22, 2014.

 

On March 26, 2011, a joint venture in which we have a 30% interest removed from service and commenced the redevelopment of 500 North Capitol Street, NW located in Washington, DC. On January 18, 2011, the joint venture entered into a lease with a law firm for approximately 171,000 square feet of space. On October 14, 2011, the unconsolidated joint venture obtained construction financing totaling $107.0 million collateralized by the redevelopment project The construction financing bears interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 1.65% per annum and matures on October 14, 2014 with two, one-year extension options, subject to certain conditions. At closing, approximately $33.3 million was drawn to fund the repayment of the existing mortgage loan totaling $22.0 million and approximately $11.3 million of previously incurred development costs.

 

On March 31, 2011, a joint venture in which we have a 50% interest refinanced its construction loan collateralized by Annapolis Junction located in Annapolis, Maryland. The construction loan totaling approximately $42.7 million bore interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 1.00% per annum and was scheduled to mature on September 12, 2011. The new mortgage loan totaling approximately $42.3 million bears interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 1.75% per annum and matures on March 31, 2018 with one, three-year extension option, subject to certain conditions.

 

On June 3, 2011, a joint venture in which we have a 50% interest amended its joint venture agreement to add a new development project to its Annapolis Junction property located in Annapolis, Maryland. The outside joint venture partner contributed the improved parcel of land and we contributed cash for our 50% interest. The development project is an approximately 120,000 net rentable square foot Class A office project. On November 17, 2011, the unconsolidated joint venture obtained construction financing totaling $19.0 million collateralized by the development project. The construction financing bears interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 1.65% per annum and matures on November 17, 2013 with two, one-year extension options, subject to certain conditions.

 

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On June 28, 2011, our Value-Added Fund modified the mortgage loan collateralized by its Mountain View Research Park property located in Mountain View, California. The mortgage loan totaling approximately $112.3 million bore interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 1.75% per annum and had matured on May 31, 2011. The new mortgage loan totaling $92.0 million bears interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 2.50% per annum and matures on May 31, 2014. In connection with the loan modification, the joint venture repaid approximately $20.3 million of the previous mortgage loan utilizing unfunded capital commitments from the joint venture’s partners on a pro rata basis, existing cash reserves and the proceeds from a loan from our Operating Partnership. The loan from our Operating Partnership consists of an agreement to lend up to $12.0 million to the Value-Added Fund, of which approximately $6.7 million had been advanced as of December 31, 2011. The loan from our Operating Partnership bears interest at a fixed rate of 10.0% per annum and matures on May 31, 2014.

 

On October 25, 2011, an unconsolidated joint venture in which we have a 60% interest completed the sale of Two Grand Central Tower located in New York City for approximately $401.0 million, including the assumption by the buyer of approximately $176.6 million of mortgage indebtedness. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $210.0 million, of which our share was approximately $126.0 million, after the payment of transaction costs of approximately $14.4 million. Two Grand Central Tower is an approximately 650,000 net rentable square foot Class A office tower. The unconsolidated joint venture’s carrying value of the net assets of the property aggregated approximately $427.1 million. As a result, pursuant to the provisions of ASC 360 “Property, Plant and Equipment” (“ASC 360”) (formerly known as SFAS No. 144 “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long Lived Assets”), the unconsolidated joint venture recognized a non-cash impairment loss and loss on sale of real estate aggregating approximately $40.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2011, which is equal to the difference between (1) the sale price less cost to sell and (2) the carrying value of the net assets of the property. Separately, in 2008 we had recognized an impairment loss on our investment in the unconsolidated joint venture totaling approximately $74.3 million under the provisions of ASC 323 “Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures” (“ASC 323”) (formerly known as Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 18 “The Equity Method of Accounting for Investments in Common Stock” (“APB No. 18”)). As a result, we recognized a gain on sale of real estate totaling approximately $46.2 million, which is included within income from unconsolidated joint ventures on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

 

Stock Option and Incentive Plan

 

On January 20, 2011, the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors approved outperformance awards under our 1997 Plan to certain of our officers. These awards (the “2011 OPP Awards”) are part of a broad-based, long-term incentive compensation program designed to provide our management team with the potential to earn equity awards subject to our “outperforming” and creating shareholder value in a pay-for-performance structure. 2011 OPP Awards utilize total return to shareholders (“TRS”) over a three-year measurement period as the performance metric and include two years of time-based vesting after the end of the performance measurement period (subject to acceleration in certain events) as a retention tool. Recipients of 2011 OPP Awards will share in an outperformance pool if our TRS, including both share appreciation and dividends, exceeds absolute and relative hurdles over a three-year measurement period from February 1, 2011 to January 31, 2014, based on the average closing price of a share of our common stock of $93.38 for the five trading days prior to and including February 1, 2011. The aggregate reward that recipients of all 2011 OPP Awards can earn, as measured by the outperformance pool, is subject to a maximum cap of $40.0 million. As of the grant date, the 2011 OPP Awards had an aggregate value of approximately $7.8 million, which amount is being amortized into earnings over the five-year plan period under the graded vesting method. See Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

On February 5, 2011, the measurement period for our 2008 OPP Awards expired and our TRS performance was not sufficient for employees to earn and therefore become eligible to vest in any of the 2008 OPP Awards. Accordingly, all 2008 OPP Awards were automatically forfeited and the Operating Partnership repaid employees an amount equal to $0.25 (which is equal to what they paid upon acceptance of the award) multiplied by the number of 2008 OPP Awards previously received. We recorded a charge of $4.3 million related to the acceleration of the remaining unrecognized compensation expense during year ended December 31, 2011.

 

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Business and Growth Strategies

 

Business Strategy

 

Our primary business objective is to maximize return on investment so as to provide our investors with the greatest possible total return. Our strategy to achieve this objective is:

 

   

to concentrate on a few carefully selected geographic markets, including Boston, New York, Princeton, San Francisco and Washington, DC, and to be one of the leading, if not the leading, owners and developers in each of those markets. We select markets and submarkets with a diverse economic base and a deep pool of prospective tenants in various industries and where tenants have demonstrated a preference for high-quality office buildings and other facilities;

 

   

to emphasize markets and submarkets within those markets where the lack of available sites and the difficulty of receiving the necessary approvals for development and the necessary financing constitute high barriers to the creation of new supply, and where skill, financial strength and diligence are required to successfully develop, finance and manage high-quality office, research and development space, as well as selected retail and residential space;

 

   

to take on complex, technically challenging projects, leveraging the skills of our management team to successfully develop, acquire or reposition properties that other organizations may not have the capacity or resources to pursue;

 

   

to concentrate on high-quality real estate designed to meet the demands of today’s tenants who require sophisticated telecommunications and related infrastructure and support services, and to manage those facilities so as to become the landlord of choice for both existing and prospective clients;

 

   

to opportunistically acquire assets which increase our penetration in the markets in which we have chosen to concentrate, as well as potential new markets, which exhibit an opportunity to improve or preserve returns through repositioning (through a combination of capital improvements and shift in marketing strategy), changes in management focus and re-leasing as existing leases terminate;

 

   

to explore joint venture opportunities primarily with existing property owners located in desirable locations, who seek to benefit from the depth of development and management expertise we are able to provide and our access to capital, and/or to explore joint venture opportunities with strategic institutional partners, leveraging our skills as owners, operators and developers of Class A office space and mixed-use complexes;

 

   

to pursue on a selective basis the sale of properties, including core properties, to take advantage of our value creation and the demand for our premier properties;

 

   

to seek third-party development contracts, which can be a significant source of revenue and enable us to retain and utilize our existing development and construction management staff, especially when our internal development is less active or when new development is less-warranted due to market conditions; and

 

   

to enhance our capital structure through our access to a variety of sources of capital and proactively manage our debt expirations.

 

Growth Strategies

 

External Growth

 

We believe that our development experience and our organizational depth position us to continue to selectively develop a range of property types, including low-rise suburban office properties, high-rise urban developments, mixed-use developments (including residential) and research and laboratory space, within budget and on schedule. We believe we are also well positioned to achieve external growth through acquisitions. Other factors that contribute to our competitive position include:

 

   

our control of sites (including sites under contract or option to acquire) in our markets that could support approximately 11.4 million additional square feet of new office, retail, hotel and residential development;

 

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our reputation gained through 42 years of successful operations and the stability and strength of our existing portfolio of properties;

 

   

our relationships with leading national corporations, universities and public institutions seeking new facilities and development services;

 

   

our relationships with nationally recognized financial institutions that provide capital to the real estate industry;

 

   

our track record and reputation for executing acquisitions efficiently provides comfort to domestic and foreign institutions, private investors and corporations who seek to sell commercial real estate in our market areas;

 

   

our ability to act quickly on due diligence and financing; and

 

   

our relationships with institutional buyers and sellers of high-quality real estate assets.

 

Opportunities to execute our external growth strategy fall into three categories:

 

   

Development in selected submarkets. We believe the additional development of well-positioned office buildings and mixed use complexes could be justified in many of our submarkets. We believe in acquiring land after taking into consideration timing factors relating to economic cycles and in response to market conditions that allow for its development at the appropriate time. While we purposely concentrate in markets with high barriers-to-entry, we have demonstrated throughout our 42-year history, an ability to make carefully timed land acquisitions in submarkets where we can become one of the market leaders in establishing rent and other business terms. We believe that there are opportunities at key locations in our existing and other markets for a well-capitalized developer to acquire land with development potential.

 

In the past, we have been particularly successful at acquiring sites or options to purchase sites that need governmental approvals for development. Because of our development expertise, knowledge of the governmental approval process and reputation for quality development with local government regulatory bodies, we generally have been able to secure the permits necessary to allow development and to profit from the resulting increase in land value. We seek complex projects where we can add value through the efforts of our experienced and skilled management team leading to attractive returns on investment.

 

Our strong regional relationships and recognized development expertise have enabled us to capitalize on unique build-to-suit opportunities. We intend to seek and expect to continue to be presented with such opportunities in the near term allowing us to earn relatively significant returns on these development opportunities through multiple business cycles.

 

   

Acquisition of assets and portfolios of assets from institutions or individuals. We believe that due to our size, management strength and reputation, we are well positioned to acquire portfolios of assets or individual properties from institutions or individuals if valuations meet our criteria. In addition, we believe that our market knowledge, relatively low leverage and our liquidity and access to capital may provide us with a competitive advantage when pursuing acquisitions. There may be enhanced opportunities to purchase assets with near-term financing maturities or possibly provide debt on assets at enhanced yields given the limited availability of traditional sources of debt. Opportunities to acquire properties may also come through the purchase of first mortgage or mezzanine debt. We may also acquire properties for cash, but we are also particularly well-positioned to appeal to sellers wishing to contribute on a tax-deferred basis their ownership of property for equity in a diversified real estate operating company that offers liquidity through access to the public equity markets in addition to a quarterly distribution. Our ability to offer common and preferred units of limited partnership in BPLP to sellers who would otherwise recognize a taxable gain upon a sale of assets or our common stock may facilitate this type of transaction on a tax-efficient basis. In addition, we may consider mergers with and acquisitions of compatible real estate firms.

 

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Acquisition of underperforming assets and portfolios of assets. We believe that because of our in-depth market knowledge and development experience in each of our markets, our national reputation with brokers, financial institutions and others involved in the real estate market and our access to competitively-priced capital, we are well-positioned to identify and acquire existing, underperforming properties for competitive prices and to add significant additional value to such properties through our effective marketing strategies and a responsive property management program. We have developed this strategy and program for our existing portfolio, where we provide high-quality property management services using our own employees in order to encourage tenants to renew, expand and relocate in our properties. We are able to achieve speed and transaction cost efficiency in replacing departing tenants through the use of in-house and third-party vendors’ services for marketing, including calls and presentations to prospective tenants, print advertisements, lease negotiation and construction of tenant improvements. Our tenants benefit from cost efficiencies produced by our experienced work force, which is attentive to preventive maintenance and energy management.

 

Internal Growth

 

We believe that opportunities will exist to increase cash flow from our existing properties because they are of high quality and in desirable locations within markets where, in general, the creation of new supply is limited by the lack of available sites and the difficulty of obtaining the necessary approvals for development on vacant land and financing. Our strategy for maximizing the benefits from these opportunities is three-fold: (1) to provide high-quality property management services using our employees in order to encourage tenants to renew, expand and relocate in our properties, (2) to achieve speed and transaction cost efficiency in replacing departing tenants through the use of in-house services for marketing, lease negotiation and construction of tenant improvements and (3) to work with new or existing tenants with space expansion or contraction needs maximizing the cash flow from our assets. We expect to continue our internal growth as a result of our ability to:

 

   

Cultivate existing submarkets and long-term relationships with credit tenants. In choosing locations for our properties, we have paid particular attention to transportation and commuting patterns, physical environment, adjacency to established business centers, proximity to sources of business growth and other local factors.

 

The average lease term of our in-place leases, including unconsolidated joint ventures, was approximately 6.8 years at December 31, 2011 and we continue to cultivate long-term leasing relationships with a diverse base of high-quality, financially stable tenants. Based on leases in place at December 31, 2011, leases with respect to approximately 6.1% of the total square feet in our portfolio, including unconsolidated joint ventures, will expire in calendar year 2012.

 

   

Directly manage properties to maximize the potential for tenant retention. We provide property management services ourselves, rather than contracting for this service, to maintain awareness of and responsiveness to tenant needs. We and our properties also benefit from cost efficiencies produced by an experienced work force attentive to preventive maintenance and energy management and from our continuing programs to assure that our property management personnel at all levels remain aware of their important role in tenant relations.

 

   

Replace tenants quickly at best available market terms and lowest possible transaction costs. We believe that we are well-positioned to attract new tenants and achieve relatively high rental rates as a result of our well-located, well-designed and well-maintained properties, our reputation for high-quality building services and responsiveness to tenants, and our ability to offer expansion and relocation alternatives within our submarkets.

 

   

Extend terms of existing leases to existing tenants prior to expiration. We have also successfully structured early tenant renewals, which have reduced the cost associated with lease downtime while securing the tenancy of our highest quality credit-worthy tenants on a long-term basis and enhancing relationships.

 

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Policies with Respect to Certain Activities

 

The discussion below sets forth certain additional information regarding our investment, financing and other policies. These policies have been determined by our Board of Directors and, in general, may be amended or revised from time to time by our Board of Directors.

 

Investment Policies

 

Investments in Real Estate or Interests in Real Estate

 

Our investment objectives are to provide quarterly cash dividends to our securityholders and to achieve long-term capital appreciation through increases in the value of Boston Properties, Inc. We have not established a specific policy regarding the relative priority of these investment objectives.

 

We expect to continue to pursue our investment objectives primarily through the ownership of our current properties, development projects and other acquired properties. We currently intend to continue to invest primarily in developments of properties and acquisitions of existing improved properties or properties in need of redevelopment, and acquisitions of land that we believe have development potential, primarily in our existing markets of Boston, New York, Princeton, San Francisco and Washington, DC, but also potentially in new markets. Future investment or development activities will not be limited to a specified percentage of our assets. We intend to engage in such future investment or development activities in a manner that is consistent with the maintenance of our status as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. In addition, we may purchase or lease income-producing commercial and other types of properties for long-term investment, expand and improve the real estate presently owned or other properties purchased, or sell such real estate properties, in whole or in part, when circumstances warrant. We do not have a policy that restricts the amount or percentage of assets that will be invested in any specific property, however, our investments may be restricted by our debt covenants.

 

We may also continue to participate with third parties in property ownership, through joint ventures or other types of co-ownership, including third parties with expertise in mixed-use opportunities. These investments may permit us to own interests in larger assets without unduly restricting diversification and, therefore, add flexibility in structuring our portfolio.

 

Equity investments may be subject to existing mortgage financing and other indebtedness or such financing or indebtedness as may be incurred in connection with acquiring or refinancing these investments. Debt service on such financing or indebtedness will have a priority over any distributions with respect to our common stock. Investments are also subject to our policy not to be treated as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”).

 

Investments in Real Estate Mortgages

 

While our current portfolio consists of, and our business objectives emphasize, equity investments in commercial real estate, we may, at the discretion of the Board of Directors, invest in mortgages and other types of real estate interests consistent with our qualification as a REIT. Investments in real estate mortgages run the risk that one or more borrowers may default under such mortgages and that the collateral securing such mortgages may not be sufficient to enable us to recoup our full investment. Although we currently do not have any investments in mortgages or deeds of trust, we may invest in participating, convertible or traditional mortgages if we conclude that we may benefit from the cash flow, or any appreciation in value of the property or as an entrance to the fee ownership.

 

Securities of or Interests in Entities Primarily Engaged in Real Estate Activities

 

Subject to the percentage of ownership limitations and gross income and asset tests necessary for our REIT qualification, we also may invest in securities of other REITs, other entities engaged in real estate activities or securities of other issuers, including for the purpose of exercising control over such entities.

 

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Dispositions

 

Our decision to dispose of properties is based upon the periodic review of our portfolio and the determination by the Board of Directors that such action would be in our best interests. Any decision to dispose of a property will be authorized by the Board of Directors or a committee thereof. Some holders of limited partnership interests in BPLP, including Mortimer B. Zuckerman, could incur adverse tax consequences upon the sale of certain of our properties that differ from the tax consequences to us. Consequently, holders of limited partnership interests in BPLP may have different objectives regarding the appropriate pricing and timing of any such sale. Such different tax treatment derives in most cases from the fact that we acquired these properties in exchange for partnership interests in contribution transactions structured to allow the prior owners to defer taxable gain. Generally this deferral continues so long as we do not dispose of the properties in a taxable transaction. Unless a sale by us of these properties is structured as a like-kind exchange under Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code or in a manner that otherwise allows deferral to continue, recognition of the deferred tax gain allocable to these prior owners is generally triggered by a sale. Some of our assets are subject to tax protection agreements, which may limit our ability to dispose of the assets or require us to pay damages to the prior owners in the event of a taxable sale.

 

Financing Policies

 

The agreement of limited partnership of BPLP and our certificate of incorporation and bylaws do not limit the amount or percentage of indebtedness that we may incur. We do not have a policy limiting the amount of indebtedness that we may incur. However, our mortgages, credit facilities and unsecured debt securities contain customary restrictions, requirements and other limitations on our ability to incur indebtedness. We have not established any limit on the number or amount of mortgages that may be placed on any single property or on our portfolio as a whole.

 

Our Board of Directors will consider a number of factors when evaluating our level of indebtedness and when making decisions regarding the incurrence of indebtedness, including the purchase price of properties to be acquired with debt financing, the estimated market value of our properties upon refinancing, the entering into agreements such as interest rate swaps, caps, floors and other interest rate hedging contracts and the ability of particular properties and BPLP as a whole to generate cash flow to cover expected debt service.

 

Policies with Respect to Other Activities

 

As the sole general partner of BPLP, we have the authority to issue additional common and preferred units of limited partnership interest of BPLP. We have in the past, and may in the future, issue common or preferred units of limited partnership interest of BPLP to persons who contribute their direct or indirect interests in properties to us in exchange for such common or preferred units of limited partnership interest in BPLP. We have not engaged in trading, underwriting or agency distribution or sale of securities of issuers other than BPLP and we do not intend to do so. At all times, we intend to make investments in such a manner as to maintain our qualification as a REIT, unless because of circumstances or changes in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (or the Treasury Regulations), our Board of Directors determines that it is no longer in our best interest to qualify as a REIT. We may make loans to third parties, including, without limitation, to joint ventures in which we participate or in connection with the disposition of a property. We intend to make investments in such a way that we will not be treated as an investment company under the 1940 Act. Our policies with respect to these and other activities may be reviewed and modified or amended from time to time by the Board of Directors.

 

Sustainability

 

As one of the largest owners and developers of office properties in the United States, we actively work to promote our growth and operations in a sustainable and responsible manner across our five regions. We focus our sustainability initiatives on the design and construction of our new developments, the operation of our existing buildings and our internal corporate practices. Our sustainability initiatives are centered on energy efficiency,

 

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waste reduction and water preservation, as well as making a positive impact on the communities in which we conduct business. Through these efforts we demonstrate that operating and developing commercial real estate can be conducted with a conscious regard for the environment while mutually benefiting our tenants, investors, employees and the communities in which we operate. In November 2010, we launched a new page on our website to increase the transparency of our sustainability program, which we periodically update with current or additional information. You may access our sustainability report on our website at http://www.bostonproperties.com under the heading “Sustainability.”

 

Competition

 

We compete in the leasing of office space with a considerable number of other real estate companies, some of which may have greater marketing and financial resources than are available to us. In addition, our hotel property competes for guests with other hotels, some of which may have greater marketing and financial resources than are available to us and to the manager of our one hotel, Marriott International, Inc.

 

Principal factors of competition in our primary business of owning, acquiring and developing office properties are the quality of properties, leasing terms (including rent and other charges and allowances for tenant improvements), attractiveness and convenience of location, the quality and breadth of tenant services provided, and reputation as an owner and operator of quality office properties in the relevant market. Additionally, our ability to compete depends upon, among other factors, trends of the national and local economies, investment alternatives, financial condition and operating results of current and prospective tenants, availability and cost of capital, construction and renovation costs, taxes, utilities, governmental regulations, legislation and population trends.

 

In addition, although not part of our core strategy, we are currently developing one residential property and operate two residential properties that are incidental to our office properties and may in the future decide to acquire or develop additional residential properties. As an owner and operator of apartments, we will also face competition for prospective residents from other operators whose properties may be perceived to offer a better location or better amenities or whose rent may be perceived as a better value given the quality, location and amenities that the resident seeks. We will also compete against condominiums and single-family homes that are for sale or rent. Because we have limited experience with residential properties, we expect to retain third parties to manage our residential properties.

 

Our Hotel Property

 

We operate our hotel property through a taxable REIT subsidiary. The taxable REIT subsidiary, a wholly-owned subsidiary of BPLP, is the lessee pursuant to a lease for the hotel property. As lessor, BPLP is entitled to a percentage of gross receipts from the hotel property. The hotel lease allows all the economic benefits of ownership to flow to us. Marriott International, Inc. continues to manage the hotel property under the Marriott name and under terms of the existing management agreements. Marriott has been engaged under a separate long-term incentive management agreement to operate and manage the hotel on behalf of the taxable REIT subsidiary. In connection with these arrangements, Marriott has agreed to operate and maintain our hotel in accordance with its system-wide standard for comparable hotels and to provide the hotel with the benefits of its central reservation system and other chain-wide programs and services. Under a management agreement for the hotel, Marriott acts as the taxable REIT subsidiary’s agent to supervise, direct and control the management and operation of the hotel and receives as compensation base management fees that are calculated as a percentage of the hotel’s gross revenues, and supplemental incentive fees if the hotel exceeds negotiated profitability breakpoints. In addition, the taxable REIT subsidiary compensates Marriott, on the basis of a formula applied to the hotel’s gross revenues, for certain system-wide services provided by Marriott, including central reservations, marketing and training. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, Marriott received an aggregate of approximately $2.5 million, $2.2 million and $1.5 million, respectively, from our taxable REIT subsidiary.

 

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Seasonality

 

Our hotel property traditionally has experienced significant seasonality in its operating income, with the percentage of net operating income by quarter over the year ended December 31, 2011 shown below.

 

First Quarter

 

Second Quarter

 

Third Quarter

 

Fourth Quarter

3%

  31%   24%   42%

 

Corporate Governance

 

Boston Properties is currently governed by a ten member Board of Directors. The current members of our Board of Directors are Mortimer B. Zuckerman, Lawrence S. Bacow, Zoë Baird Budinger, Carol B. Einiger, Dr. Jacob A. Frenkel, Douglas T. Linde, Matthew J. Lustig, Alan J. Patricof, Martin Turchin and David A. Twardock.

 

At the 2010 annual meeting of stockholders, our stockholders approved an amendment to our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation that will, among other things, destagger the Board of Directors and provide for the annual election of directors. As a result, commencing with the class of directors that stood for election at the 2011 annual meeting of stockholders our directors whose terms expire will stand for election for one-year terms expiring at the next succeeding annual meeting of stockholders. Directors elected prior to the 2011 annual meeting of stockholders will continue to serve their full three-year terms.

 

On January 20, 2011, Matthew J. Lustig was appointed as a director to serve until the 2012 annual meeting of stockholders.

 

Our Board of Directors has Audit, Compensation and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees. The membership of each of these committees is described below.

 

Name of Director

   Audit     Compensation     Nominating
and
Corporate
Governance
 

Lawrence S. Bacow

     X        X     

Zoë Baird Budinger

         X

Carol B. Einiger

     X       

Dr. Jacob A. Frenkel

       X     

Alan J. Patricof

     X       X   

David A. Twardock

       X     X   

 

X=Committee member, *=Chair

 

   

Our Board of Directors has adopted charters for each of its Audit, Compensation and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees. Each Committee is comprised of three (3) independent directors. A copy of each of these charters is available on our website at http://www.bostonproperties.com under the heading “Corporate Governance” and subheading “Committees and Charters.”

 

   

Our Board of Directors has adopted Corporate Governance Guidelines, a copy of which is available on our website at http://www.bostonproperties.com under the heading “Corporate Governance” and subheading “Governance Guidelines.”

 

   

Our Board of Directors has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, which governs business decisions made and actions taken by our directors, officers and employees. A copy of this code is available on our website at http://www.bostonproperties.com under the heading “Corporate Governance” and subheading “Code of Conduct and Ethics.” We intend to disclose on this website any

 

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amendment to, or waiver of, any provision of this Code applicable to our directors and executive officers that would otherwise be required to be disclosed under the rules of the SEC or the New York Stock Exchange.

 

   

Our Board of Directors has established an ethics reporting system that employees may use to anonymously report possible violations of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, including concerns regarding questionable accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters, by telephone or over the internet.

 

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Item 1A. Risk Factors.

 

Set forth below are the risks that we believe are material to our investors. We refer to the shares of our common stock and the units of limited partnership interest in BPLP together as our “securities,” and the investors who own shares or units, or both, as our “securityholders.” This section contains forward-looking statements. You should refer to the explanation of the qualifications and limitations on forward-looking statements beginning on page 48.

 

Our performance and value are subject to risks associated with our real estate assets and with the real estate industry.

 

Our economic performance and the value of our real estate assets, and consequently the value of our securities, are subject to the risk that if our properties do not generate revenues sufficient to meet our operating expenses, including debt service and capital expenditures, our cash flow and ability to pay distributions to our securityholders will be adversely affected. The following factors, among others, may adversely affect the income generated by our properties:

 

   

downturns in the national, regional and local economic conditions (particularly increases in unemployment);

 

   

competition from other office, hotel, commercial and residential buildings;

 

   

local real estate market conditions, such as oversupply or reduction in demand for office, hotel, commercial or residential space;

 

   

changes in interest rates and availability of financing;

 

   

vacancies, changes in market rental rates and the need to periodically repair, renovate and re-let space;

 

   

increased operating costs, including insurance expense, utilities, real estate taxes, state and local taxes and heightened security costs;

 

   

civil disturbances, earthquakes and other natural disasters, or terrorist acts or acts of war which may result in uninsured or underinsured losses;

 

   

significant expenditures associated with each investment, such as debt service payments, real estate taxes, insurance and maintenance costs which are generally not reduced when circumstances cause a reduction in revenues from a property;

 

   

declines in the financial condition of our tenants and our ability to collect rents from our tenants; and

 

   

decreases in the underlying value of our real estate.

 

We are dependent upon the economic climates of our markets—Boston, New York, Princeton, San Francisco and Washington, DC.

 

Substantially all of our revenue is derived from properties located in five markets: Boston, New York, Princeton, San Francisco and Washington, DC. A downturn in the economies of these markets, or the impact that a downturn in the overall national economy may have upon these economies, could result in reduced demand for office space. Because our portfolio consists primarily of office buildings (as compared to a more diversified real estate portfolio), a decrease in demand for office space in turn could adversely affect our results of operations. Additionally, there are submarkets within our markets that are dependent upon a limited number of industries. For example, in our Washington, DC market we focus on leasing office properties to governmental agencies and contractors, as well as legal firms. In our New York market we have historically leased properties to financial, legal and other professional firms. A significant downturn in one or more of these sectors could adversely affect our results of operations.

 

In addition, a significant economic downturn over a period of time could result in an event or change in circumstances that results in an impairment in the value of our properties or our investments in unconsolidated

 

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joint ventures. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of the asset (1) is not recoverable over its expected holding period and (2) exceeds its fair value. There can be no assurance that we will not take charges in the future related to the impairment of our assets or investments. Any future impairment could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations in the period in which the charge is taken.

 

Our investment in property development may be more costly than anticipated.

 

We intend to continue to develop and substantially renovate office and residential properties. Our current and future development and construction activities may be exposed to the following risks:

 

   

we may be unable to proceed with the development of properties because we cannot obtain financing on favorable terms or at all;

 

   

we may incur construction costs for a development project that exceed our original estimates due to increases in interest rates and increased materials, labor, leasing or other costs, which could make completion of the project less profitable because market rents may not increase sufficiently to compensate for the increase in construction costs;

 

   

we may be unable to obtain, or face delays in obtaining, required zoning, land-use, building, occupancy, and other governmental permits and authorizations, which could result in increased costs and could require us to abandon our activities entirely with respect to a project;

 

   

we may abandon development opportunities after we begin to explore them and as a result we may lose deposits or fail to recover expenses already incurred;

 

   

we may expend funds on and devote management’s time to projects which we do not complete;

 

   

we may be unable to complete construction and/or leasing of a property on schedule; and

 

   

we may suspend development projects after construction has begun due to changes in economic conditions or other factors, and this may result in the write-off of costs, payment of additional costs or increases in overall costs when the development project is restarted.

 

Investment returns from our developed properties may be lower than anticipated.

 

Our developed properties may be exposed to the following risks:

 

   

we may lease developed properties at rental rates that are less than the rates projected at the time we decide to undertake the development; and

 

   

occupancy rates and rents at newly developed properties may fluctuate depending on a number of factors, including market and economic conditions, and may result in our investments being less profitable than we expected or not profitable at all.

 

We face risks associated with the development of mixed-use commercial properties.

 

We operate, are currently developing, and may in the future develop, properties either alone or through joint ventures with other persons that are known as “mixed-use” developments. This means that in addition to the development of office space, the project may also include space for residential, retail or other commercial purposes. We have limited experience in developing and managing non-office and non-retail real estate. As a result, if a development project includes a non-office or non-retail use, we may seek to develop that component ourselves, sell the rights to that component to a third-party developer with experience in that use or we may seek to partner with such a developer. If we do not sell the rights or partner with such a developer, or if we choose to develop the other component ourselves, we would be exposed not only to those risks typically associated with the development of commercial real estate generally, but also to specific risks associated with the development and ownership of non-office and non-retail real estate. In addition, even if we sell the rights to develop the other component or elect to participate in the development through a joint venture, we may be exposed to the risks

 

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associated with the failure of the other party to complete the development as expected. These include the risk that the other party would default on its obligations necessitating that we complete the other component ourselves (including providing any necessary financing). In the case of residential properties, these risks include competition for prospective residents from other operators whose properties may be perceived to offer a better location or better amenities or whose rent may be perceived as a better value given the quality, location and amenities that the resident seeks. We will also compete against condominiums and single-family homes that are for sale or rent. Because we have limited experience with residential properties, we expect to retain third parties to manage our residential properties. If we decide to not sell or participate in a joint venture and instead hire a third party manager, we would be dependent on them and their key personnel who provide services to us and we may not find a suitable replacement if the management agreement is terminated, or if key personnel leave or otherwise become unavailable to us.

 

We face risks associated with the use of debt to fund acquisitions and developments, including refinancing risk.

 

We are subject to the risks normally associated with debt financing, including the risk that our cash flow will be insufficient to meet required payments of principal and interest. We anticipate that only a small portion of the principal of our debt will be repaid prior to maturity. Therefore, we are likely to need to refinance at least a portion of our outstanding debt as it matures. There is a risk that we may not be able to refinance existing debt or that the terms of any refinancing will not be as favorable as the terms of our existing debt. If principal payments due at maturity cannot be refinanced, extended or repaid with proceeds from other sources, such as new equity capital, our cash flow may not be sufficient to repay all maturing debt in years when significant “balloon” payments come due. In addition, we may rely on debt to fund a portion of our new investments such as our acquisition and development activity. There is a risk that we may be unable to finance these activities on favorable terms or at all. This risk is currently heightened because of tightened underwriting standards and increased credit risk premiums. These conditions, which increase the cost and reduce the availability of debt, may continue or worsen in the future.

 

We have agreements with a number of limited partners of BPLP who contributed properties in exchange for partnership interests that require BPLP to maintain for specified periods of time secured debt on certain of our assets and/or allocate partnership debt to such limited partners to enable them to continue to defer recognition of their taxable gain with respect to the contributed property. These tax protection and debt allocation agreements may restrict our ability to repay or refinance debt.

 

Adverse economic and geopolitical conditions and dislocations in the credit markets could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and ability to pay distributions to you.

 

Our business may be affected by market and economic challenges experienced by the U.S. economy or real estate industry as a whole, by the local economic conditions in the markets in which our properties are located, including the continuing impact of high unemployment, and by international economic conditions. These current conditions, or similar conditions existing in the future, may adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and ability to pay distributions as a result of the following, among other potential consequences:

 

   

the financial condition of our tenants, many of which are financial, legal and other professional firms, may be adversely affected, which may result in tenant defaults under leases due to bankruptcy, lack of liquidity, operational failures or for other reasons;

 

   

significant job losses in the financial and professional services industries may occur, which may decrease demand for our office space, causing market rental rates and property values to be negatively impacted;

 

   

our ability to borrow on terms and conditions that we find acceptable, or at all, may be limited, which could reduce our ability to pursue acquisition and development opportunities and refinance existing debt, reduce our returns from our acquisition and development activities and increase our future interest expense;

 

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reduced values of our properties may limit our ability to dispose of assets at attractive prices or to obtain debt financing secured by our properties and may reduce the availability of unsecured loans;

 

   

the value and liquidity of our short-term investments and cash deposits could be reduced as a result of a deterioration of the financial condition of the institutions that hold our cash deposits or the institutions or assets in which we have made short-term investments, a dislocation of the markets for our short-term investments, increased volatility in market rates for such investments or other factors;

 

   

one or more lenders under our line of credit could refuse to fund their financing commitment to us or could fail and we may not be able to replace the financing commitment of any such lenders on favorable terms, or at all; and

 

   

one or more counterparties to our derivative financial instruments could default on their obligations to us, including the capped call transactions we entered into in connection with our offering of our 3.625% exchangeable senior notes due 2014 and any interest hedging contracts we may enter into from time to time, or could fail, increasing the risk that we may not realize the benefits of these instruments.

 

An increase in interest rates would increase our interest costs on variable rate debt and could adversely impact our ability to refinance existing debt or sell assets on favorable terms or at all.

 

As of February 21, 2012, we had no indebtedness, excluding our unconsolidated joint ventures, that bear interest at variable rates, but we may incur such indebtedness in the future. If interest rates increase, then so would the interest costs on our unhedged variable rate debt, which could adversely affect our cash flow and our ability to pay principal and interest on our debt and our ability to make distributions to our securityholders. Further, rising interest rates could limit our ability to refinance existing debt when it matures or significantly increase our future interest expense. From time to time, we enter into interest rate swap agreements and other interest rate hedging contracts, including swaps, caps and floors. While these agreements are intended to lessen the impact of rising interest rates on us, they also expose us to the risk that the other parties to the agreements will not perform, we could incur significant costs associated with the settlement of the agreements, the agreements will be unenforceable and the underlying transactions will fail to qualify as highly-effective cash flow hedges under guidance included in ASC 815 “Derivatives and Hedging” (formerly known as SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended”). In addition, an increase in interest rates could decrease the amounts third-parties are willing to pay for our assets, thereby limiting our ability to change our portfolio promptly in response to changes in economic or other conditions.

 

Covenants in our debt agreements could adversely affect our financial condition.

 

The mortgages on our properties contain customary covenants such as those that limit our ability, without the prior consent of the lender, to further mortgage the applicable property or to discontinue insurance coverage. Our unsecured credit facility, unsecured debt securities and certain secured loans contain customary restrictions, requirements and other limitations on our ability to incur indebtedness, including total debt to asset ratios, secured debt to total asset ratios, debt service coverage ratios and minimum ratios of unencumbered assets to unsecured debt, which we must maintain. Our continued ability to borrow under our credit facilities is subject to compliance with our financial and other covenants. In addition, our failure to comply with such covenants could cause a default under the applicable debt agreement, and we may then be required to repay such debt with capital from other sources. Under those circumstances, other sources of capital may not be available to us, or be available only on unattractive terms. Additionally, in the future our ability to satisfy current or prospective lenders’ insurance requirements may be adversely affected if lenders generally insist upon greater insurance coverage against acts of terrorism or losses resulting from earthquakes than is available to us in the marketplace or on commercially reasonable terms.

 

We rely on debt financing, including borrowings under our unsecured credit facility, issuances of unsecured debt securities and debt secured by individual properties, to finance our existing portfolio, our acquisition and development activities and for working capital. If we are unable to obtain debt financing from these or other

 

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sources, or to refinance existing indebtedness upon maturity, our financial condition and results of operations would likely be adversely affected. If we breach covenants in our debt agreements, the lenders can declare a default and, if the debt is secured, can take possession of the property securing the defaulted loan. In addition, our unsecured debt agreements contain specific cross-default provisions with respect to specified other indebtedness, giving the unsecured lenders the right to declare a default if we are in default under other loans in some circumstances. Defaults under our debt agreements could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

 

Our degree of leverage could limit our ability to obtain additional financing or affect the market price of our common stock or debt securities.

 

On February 21, 2012, our total consolidated debt was approximately $8.1 billion (i.e., excluding unconsolidated joint venture debt). Consolidated debt to total consolidated market capitalization ratio, defined as total consolidated debt as a percentage of the market value of our outstanding equity securities plus our total consolidated debt, is a measure of leverage commonly used by analysts in the REIT sector. Our total consolidated market capitalization was approximately $25.5 billion at February 21, 2012. Total consolidated market capitalization was calculated using the closing stock price of $103.34 per common share and the following: (1) 148,280,022 shares of our common stock, (2) 16,561,325 outstanding common units of limited partnership interest in Boston Properties Limited Partnership (excluding common units held by Boston Properties, Inc.), (3) an aggregate of 1,352,688 common units issuable upon conversion of all outstanding Series Two Preferred Units of partnership interest in Boston Properties Limited Partnership, (4) an aggregate of 1,724,105 common units issuable upon conversion of all outstanding LTIP Units, assuming all conditions have been met for the conversion of the LTIP Units, and (5) our consolidated debt totaling approximately $8.1 billion. The calculation of total consolidated market capitalization does not include 400,000 2011 OPP Units and 400,000 2012 OPP Units because, unlike other LTIP Units, they are not earned until certain return thresholds are achieved. Our total consolidated debt, which excludes debt collateralized by our unconsolidated joint ventures, at February 21, 2012 represented approximately 31.83% of our total consolidated market capitalization. This percentage will fluctuate with changes in the market price of our common stock and does not necessarily reflect our capacity to incur additional debt to finance our activities or our ability to manage our existing debt obligations. However, for a company like ours, whose assets are primarily income-producing real estate, the consolidated debt to total consolidated market capitalization ratio may provide investors with an alternate indication of leverage, so long as it is evaluated along with other financial ratios and the various components of our outstanding indebtedness.

 

Our degree of leverage could affect our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, development or other general corporate purposes. Our senior unsecured debt is currently rated investment grade by the three major rating agencies. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain this rating, and in the event our senior debt is downgraded from its current rating, we would likely incur higher borrowing costs and/or difficulty in obtaining additional financing. Our degree of leverage could also make us more vulnerable to a downturn in business or the economy generally. There is a risk that changes in our debt to market capitalization ratio, which is in part a function of our stock price, or our ratio of indebtedness to other measures of asset value used by financial analysts may have an adverse effect on the market price of our equity or debt securities.

 

We face risks associated with property acquisitions.

 

We have acquired in the past and intend to continue to pursue the acquisition of properties and portfolios of properties, including large portfolios that could increase our size and result in alterations to our capital structure. Our acquisition activities and their success are subject to the following risks:

 

   

even if we enter into an acquisition agreement for a property, we may be unable to complete that acquisition after making a non-refundable deposit and incurring certain other acquisition-related costs;

 

   

we may be unable to obtain or assume financing for acquisitions on favorable terms or at all;

 

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acquired properties may fail to perform as expected;

 

   

the actual costs of repositioning or redeveloping acquired properties may be greater than our estimates;

 

   

the acquisition agreement will likely contain conditions to closing, including completion of due diligence investigations to our satisfaction or other conditions that are not within our control, which may not be satisfied;

 

   

acquired properties may be located in new markets, either within or outside the United States, where we may face risks associated with a lack of market knowledge or understanding of the local economy, lack of business relationships in the area and unfamiliarity with local governmental and permitting procedures;

 

   

we may acquire real estate through the acquisition of the ownership entity subjecting us to the risks of that entity; and

 

   

we may be unable to quickly and efficiently integrate new acquisitions, particularly acquisitions of portfolios of properties, into our existing operations, and this could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

 

We have acquired in the past and in the future may acquire properties through the acquisition of first mortgage or mezzanine debt. Investments in these loans must be carefully structured to ensure that we satisfy the various asset and income requirements applicable to REITs. If we fail to structure any such acquisition properly, we could fail to qualify as a REIT. In addition, acquisitions of first mortgage or mezzanine loans subject us to the risks associated with the borrower’s default, including potential bankruptcy, and there may be significant delays and costs associated with the process of foreclosure on collateral securing or supporting these investments. There can be no assurance that we would recover any or all of our investment in the event of such a default or bankruptcy.

 

We have acquired in the past and in the future may acquire properties or portfolios of properties through tax deferred contribution transactions in exchange for partnership interests in BPLP. This acquisition structure has the effect, among others, of reducing the amount of tax depreciation we can deduct over the tax life of the acquired properties, and typically requires that we agree to protect the contributors’ ability to defer recognition of taxable gain through restrictions on our ability to dispose of the acquired properties and/or the allocation of partnership debt to the contributors to maintain their tax bases. These restrictions could limit our ability to sell an asset at a time, or on terms, that would be favorable absent such restrictions.

 

Any future international activities will be subject to special risks and we may not be able to effectively manage our international business.

 

We have underwritten, and in the future may acquire, properties, portfolios of properties or interests in real-estate related entities on a strategic or selective basis in international markets, such as London, that are new to us. If we acquire properties or platforms located in these markets, we will face risks associated with a lack of market knowledge and understanding of the local economy, forging new business relationships in the area and unfamiliarity with local laws and government and permitting procedures. In addition, our international operations will be subject to the usual risks of doing business abroad such as possible revisions in tax treaties or other laws and regulations, including those governing the taxation of our international income, restrictions on the transfer of funds and uncertainty over terrorist activities. We cannot predict the likelihood that any of these developments may occur. Further, we may in the future enter into agreements with non-U.S. entities that are governed by the laws of, and are subject to dispute resolution in the courts of, another country or region. We cannot accurately predict whether such a forum would provide us with an effective and efficient means of resolving disputes that may arise.

 

Investments in international markets may also subject us to risks associated with funding increasing headcount, integrating new offices, and establishing effective controls and procedures to regulate the operations of new offices and to monitor compliance with U.S. laws and regulations such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar foreign laws and regulations.

 

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We may be subject to risks from potential fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the currencies of the other countries in which we invest.

 

If we invest in countries where the U.S. dollar is not the national currency, we will be subject to international currency risks from the potential fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the currencies of those other countries. A significant depreciation in the value of the currency of one or more countries where we have a significant investment may materially affect our results of operations. We may attempt to mitigate any such effects by borrowing in the currency of the country in which we are investing and, under certain circumstances, by hedging exchange rate fluctuations; however, access to capital may be more restricted, or unavailable on favorable terms or at all, in certain locations. For leases denominated in international currencies, we may use derivative financial instruments to manage the international currency exchange risk. We cannot assure you, however, that our efforts will successfully neutralize all international currency risks.

 

Acquired properties may expose us to unknown liability.

 

We may acquire properties subject to liabilities and without any recourse, or with only limited recourse, against the prior owners or other third parties with respect to unknown liabilities. As a result, if a liability were asserted against us based upon ownership of those properties, we might have to pay substantial sums to settle or contest it, which could adversely affect our results of operations and cash flow. Unknown liabilities with respect to acquired properties might include:

 

   

liabilities for clean-up of undisclosed environmental contamination;

 

   

claims by tenants, vendors or other persons against the former owners of the properties;

 

   

liabilities incurred in the ordinary course of business; and

 

   

claims for indemnification by general partners, directors, officers and others indemnified by the former owners of the properties.

 

Competition for acquisitions may result in increased prices for properties.

 

We plan to continue to acquire properties as we are presented with attractive opportunities. We may face competition for acquisition opportunities with other investors, and this competition may adversely affect us by subjecting us to the following risks:

 

   

we may be unable to acquire a desired property because of competition from other well-capitalized real estate investors, including publicly traded and private REITs, institutional investment funds and other real estate investors; and

 

   

even if we are able to acquire a desired property, competition from other real estate investors may significantly increase the purchase price.

 

Our use of joint ventures may limit our flexibility with jointly owned investments.

 

In appropriate circumstances, we intend to develop and acquire properties in joint ventures with other persons or entities when circumstances warrant the use of these structures. We currently have twelve joint ventures that are not consolidated with our financial statements. Our share of the aggregate revenue of these joint ventures represented approximately 15.7% of our total revenue (the sum of our total consolidated revenue and our share of such joint venture revenue) for the year ended December 31, 2011. Our participation in joint ventures is subject to the risks that:

 

   

we could become engaged in a dispute with any of our joint venture partners that might affect our ability to develop or operate a property;

 

   

our joint ventures are subject to debt and in the current credit markets the refinancing of such debt may require equity capital calls;

 

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our joint venture partners may default on their obligations necessitating that we fulfill their obligation ourselves;

 

   

our joint venture partners may have different objectives than we have regarding the appropriate timing and terms of any sale or refinancing of properties;

 

   

our joint venture partners may have competing interests in our markets that could create conflict of interest issues and.

 

   

our joint ventures may be unable to repay any amounts that we may loan to it.

 

Our properties face significant competition.

 

We face significant competition from developers, owners and operators of office and residential properties and other commercial real estate, including sublease space available from our tenants. Substantially all of our properties face competition from similar properties in the same market. This competition may affect our ability to attract and retain tenants and may reduce the rents we are able to charge. These competing properties may have vacancy rates higher than our properties, which may result in their owners being willing to lease available space at lower rates than the space in our properties.

 

We face potential difficulties or delays renewing leases or re-leasing space.

 

We derive most of our income from rent received from our tenants. If a tenant experiences a downturn in its business or other types of financial distress, it may be unable to make timely rental payments. Also, when our tenants decide not to renew their leases or terminate early, we may not be able to re-let the space. Even if tenants decide to renew or lease new space, the terms of renewals or new leases, including the cost of required renovations or concessions to tenants, may be less favorable to us than current lease terms. As a result, our cash flow could decrease and our ability to make distributions to our securityholders could be adversely affected.

 

We face potential adverse effects from major tenants’ bankruptcies or insolvencies.

 

The bankruptcy or insolvency of a major tenant may adversely affect the income produced by our properties. Our tenants could file for bankruptcy protection or become insolvent in the future. We cannot evict a tenant solely because of its bankruptcy. On the other hand, a bankrupt tenant may reject and terminate its lease with us. In such case, our claim against the bankrupt tenant for unpaid and future rent would be subject to a statutory cap that might be substantially less than the remaining rent actually owed under the lease, and, even so, our claim for unpaid rent would likely not be paid in full. This shortfall could adversely affect our cash flow and results of operations.

 

We may have difficulty selling our properties, which may limit our flexibility.

 

Properties like the ones that we own could be difficult to sell. This may limit our ability to change our portfolio promptly in response to changes in economic or other conditions. In addition, federal tax laws limit our ability to sell properties and this may affect our ability to sell properties without adversely affecting returns to our securityholders. These restrictions reduce our ability to respond to changes in the performance of our investments and could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

 

Our ability to dispose of some of our properties is constrained by their tax attributes. Properties which we developed and have owned for a significant period of time or which we acquired through tax deferred contribution transactions in exchange for partnership interests in BPLP often have low tax bases. Furthermore, as a REIT, we may be subject to a 100% “prohibited transactions” tax on the gain from dispositions of property if we are deemed to hold the property primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business, unless the disposition qualifies under a safe harbor exception for properties that have been held for at least two years and

 

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with respect to which certain other requirements are met. The potential application of the prohibited transactions tax could cause us to forego potential dispositions of property or other opportunities that might otherwise be attractive to us, or to undertake such dispositions or other opportunities through a taxable REIT subsidiary, which would generally result in income taxes being incurred. If we dispose of these properties outright in taxable transactions, we may be required to distribute a significant amount of the taxable gain to our securityholders under the requirements of the Internal Revenue Code for REITs, which in turn would impact our cash flow and increase our leverage. In some cases, without incurring additional costs we may be restricted from disposing of properties contributed in exchange for our partnership interests under tax protection agreements with contributors. To dispose of low basis or tax-protected properties efficiently we from time to time use like-kind exchanges, which qualify for non-recognition of taxable gain, but can be difficult to consummate and result in the property for which the disposed assets are exchanged inheriting their low tax bases and other tax attributes (including tax protection covenants).

 

Because we own a hotel property, we face the risks associated with the hospitality industry.

 

Because the lease payments we receive under our hotel lease are based on a participation in the gross receipts of the hotel, if the hotel does not generate sufficient receipts, our cash flow would be decreased, which could reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to our securityholders. The following factors, among others, are common to the hotel industry, and may reduce the receipts generated by our hotel property:

 

   

our hotel property competes for guests with other hotels, a number of which have greater marketing and financial resources than our hotel-operating business partners;

 

   

if there is an increase in operating costs resulting from inflation and other factors, our hotel-operating business partners may not be able to offset such increase by increasing room rates;

 

   

our hotel property is subject to the fluctuating and seasonal demands of business travelers and tourism; and

 

   

our hotel property is subject to general and local economic and social conditions that may affect demand for travel in general, including war and terrorism.

 

In addition, because our hotel property is located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, it is subject to the Cambridge market’s fluctuations in demand, increases in operating costs and increased competition from additions in supply.

 

We face risks associated with short-term liquid investments.

 

We continue to have significant cash balances that we invest in a variety of short-term investments that are intended to preserve principal value and maintain a high degree of liquidity while providing current income. From time to time, these investments may include (either directly or indirectly):

 

   

direct obligations issued by the U.S. Treasury;

 

   

obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies;

 

   

taxable municipal securities;

 

   

obligations (including certificates of deposit) of banks and thrifts;

 

   

commercial paper and other instruments consisting of short-term U.S. dollar denominated obligations issued by corporations and banks;

 

   

repurchase agreements collateralized by corporate and asset-backed obligations;

 

   

both registered and unregistered money market funds; and

 

   

other highly rated short-term securities.

 

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Investments in these securities and funds are not insured against loss of principal. Under certain circumstances we may be required to redeem all or part of our investment, and our right to redeem some or all of our investment may be delayed or suspended. In addition, there is no guarantee that our investments in these securities or funds will be redeemable at par value. A decline in the value of our investment or a delay or suspension of our right to redeem may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.

 

Failure to qualify as a real estate investment trust would cause us to be taxed as a corporation, which would substantially reduce funds available for payment of dividends.

 

If we fail to qualify as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for federal income tax purposes, we will be taxed as a corporation unless certain relief provisions apply. We believe that we are organized and qualified as a REIT and intend to operate in a manner that will allow us to continue to qualify as a REIT. However, we cannot assure you that we are qualified as such, or that we will remain qualified as such in the future. This is because qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex provisions of the Internal Revenue Code as to which there are only limited judicial and administrative interpretations and involves the determination of facts and circumstances not entirely within our control. Future legislation, new regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions may significantly change the tax laws or the application of the tax laws with respect to qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes or the federal income tax consequences of such qualification.

 

In addition, we currently hold certain of our properties, and the Value-Added Fund holds its properties, through a subsidiary that has elected to be taxed as a REIT and we may in the future determine that it is in our best interests to hold one or more of our other properties through one or more subsidiaries that elect to be taxed as REITs. If any of these subsidiaries fails to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, then we may also fail to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.

 

If we fail to qualify as a REIT then, unless certain relief provisions apply, we will face serious tax consequences that will substantially reduce the funds available for payment of dividends for each of the years involved because:

 

   

we would not be allowed a deduction for dividends paid to stockholders in computing our taxable income and would be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates;

 

   

we also could be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax and possibly increased state and local taxes;

 

   

unless we are entitled to relief under statutory provisions, we could not elect to be subject to tax as a REIT for four taxable years following the year during which we were disqualified; and

 

   

all dividends will be subject to tax as ordinary income to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits.

 

In addition, if we fail to qualify as a REIT and the relief provisions do not apply, we will no longer be required to pay dividends. As a result of all these factors, our failure to qualify as a REIT could impair our ability to expand our business and raise capital, and it would adversely affect the value of our common stock. If we fail to qualify as a REIT but are eligible for certain relief provisions, then we may retain our status as a REIT but may be required to pay a penalty tax, which could be substantial.

 

In order to maintain our REIT status, we may be forced to borrow funds during unfavorable market conditions.

 

In order to maintain our REIT status, we may need to borrow funds on a short-term basis to meet the REIT distribution requirements, even if the then-prevailing market conditions are not favorable for these borrowings.

 

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To qualify as REIT, we generally must distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our net taxable income each year, excluding capital gains. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the amount, if any, by which dividends paid by us in any calendar year are less than the sum of 85% of our ordinary income, 95% of our capital gain net income and 100% of our undistributed income from prior years. We may need short-term debt or long-term debt or proceeds from asset sales, creation of joint ventures or sales of common stock to fund required distributions as a result of differences in timing between the actual receipt of income and the recognition of income for federal income tax purposes, or the effect of non-deductible capital expenditures, the creation of reserves or required debt or amortization payments. The inability of our cash flows to cover our distribution requirements could have an adverse impact on our ability to raise short—and long-term debt or sell equity securities in order to fund distributions required to maintain our REIT status.

 

Limits on changes in control may discourage takeover attempts beneficial to stockholders.

 

Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, our shareholder rights agreement and the limited partnership agreement of BPLP, as well as provisions of the Internal Revenue Code and Delaware corporate law, may:

 

   

delay or prevent a change of control over us or a tender offer, even if such action might be beneficial to our stockholders; and

 

   

limit our stockholders’ opportunity to receive a potential premium for their shares of common stock over then-prevailing market prices.

 

Stock Ownership Limit

 

To facilitate maintenance of our qualification as a REIT and to otherwise address concerns relating to concentration of capital stock ownership, our certificate of incorporation generally prohibits ownership, directly, indirectly or beneficially, by any single stockholder of more than 6.6% of the number of outstanding shares of any class or series of our common stock. We refer to this limitation as the “ownership limit.” Our Board of Directors may waive, in its sole discretion, or modify the ownership limit with respect to one or more persons if it is satisfied that ownership in excess of this limit will not jeopardize our status as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. In addition, under our certificate of incorporation each of Mortimer B. Zuckerman and the respective families and affiliates of Mortimer B. Zuckerman and Edward H. Linde, as well as, in general, pension plans and mutual funds, may actually and beneficially own up to 15% of the number of outstanding shares of any class or series of our equity common stock. Shares owned in violation of the ownership limit will be subject to the loss of rights to distributions and voting and other penalties. The ownership limit may have the effect of inhibiting or impeding a change in control.

 

BPLP’s Partnership Agreement

 

We have agreed in the limited partnership agreement of BPLP not to engage in specified extraordinary transactions, including, among others, business combinations, unless limited partners of BPLP other than Boston Properties, Inc. receive, or have the opportunity to receive, either (1) the same consideration for their partnership interests as holders of our common stock in the transaction or (2) limited partnership units that, among other things, would entitle the holders, upon redemption of these units, to receive shares of common equity of a publicly traded company or the same consideration as holders of our common stock received in the transaction. If these limited partners would not receive such consideration, we cannot engage in the transaction unless limited partners holding at least 75% of the common units of limited partnership interest, other than those held by Boston Properties, Inc. or its affiliates, consent to the transaction. In addition, we have agreed in the limited partnership agreement of BPLP that we will not complete specified extraordinary transactions, including among others, business combinations, in which we receive the approval of our common stockholders unless (1) limited partners holding at least 75% of the common units of limited partnership interest, other than those held by Boston Properties, Inc. or its affiliates, consent to the transaction or (2) the limited partners of BPLP are also allowed to

 

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vote and the transaction would have been approved had these limited partners been able to vote as common stockholders on the transaction. Therefore, if our common stockholders approve a specified extraordinary transaction, the partnership agreement requires the following before we can complete the transaction:

 

   

holders of partnership interests in BPLP, including Boston Properties, Inc., must vote on the matter;

 

   

Boston Properties, Inc. must vote its partnership interests in the same proportion as our stockholders voted on the transaction; and

 

   

the result of the vote of holders of partnership interests in BPLP must be such that had such vote been a vote of stockholders, the business combination would have been approved.

 

As a result of these provisions, a potential acquirer may be deterred from making an acquisition proposal, and we may be prohibited by contract from engaging in a proposed extraordinary transaction, including a proposed business combination, even though our stockholders approve of the transaction.

 

Shareholder Rights Plan

 

We have a shareholder rights plan. Under the terms of this plan, we can in effect prevent a person or group from acquiring more than 15% of the outstanding shares of our common stock because, unless we approve of the acquisition, after the person acquires more than 15% of our outstanding common stock, all other stockholders will have the right to purchase securities from us at a price that is less than their then fair market value. This would substantially reduce the value and influence of the stock owned by the acquiring person. Our Board of Directors can prevent the plan from operating by approving the transaction in advance, which gives us significant power to approve or disapprove of the efforts of a person or group to acquire a large interest in our company.

 

Changes in market conditions could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

 

As with other publicly traded equity securities, the value of our common stock depends on various market conditions that may change from time to time. Among the market conditions that may affect the value of our common stock are the following:

 

   

the extent of investor interest in our securities;

 

   

the general reputation of REITs and the attractiveness of our equity securities in comparison to other equity securities, including securities issued by other real estate-based companies;

 

   

our underlying asset value;

 

   

investor confidence in the stock and bond markets, generally;

 

   

national economic conditions;

 

   

changes in tax laws;

 

   

our financial performance;

 

   

changes in our credit ratings; and

 

   

general stock and bond market conditions.

 

The market value of our common stock is based primarily upon the market’s perception of our growth potential and our current and potential future earnings and cash dividends. Consequently, our common stock may trade at prices that are greater or less than our net asset value per share of common stock. If our future earnings or cash dividends are less than expected, it is likely that the market price of our common stock will diminish.

 

Further issuances of equity securities may be dilutive to current securityholders.

 

The interests of our existing securityholders could be diluted if additional equity securities are issued to finance future developments, acquisitions, or repay indebtedness. Our ability to execute our business strategy

 

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depends on our access to an appropriate blend of debt financing, including unsecured lines of credit and other forms of secured and unsecured debt, and equity financing, including common and preferred equity.

 

The number of shares available for future sale could adversely affect the market price of our stock.

 

In connection with and subsequent to our initial public offering, we have completed many private placement transactions in which shares of capital stock of Boston Properties, Inc. or partnership interests in BPLP were issued to owners of properties we acquired or to institutional investors. This common stock, or common stock issuable in exchange for such partnership interests in BPLP, may be sold in the public securities markets over time under registration rights we granted to these investors. Additional common stock issuable under our employee benefit and other incentive plans, including as a result of the grant of stock options and restricted equity securities, may also be sold in the market at some time in the future. Future sales of our common stock in the market could adversely affect the price of our common stock. We cannot predict the effect the perception in the market that such sales may occur will have on the market price of our common stock.

 

We may change our policies without obtaining the approval of our stockholders.

 

Our operating and financial policies, including our policies with respect to acquisitions of real estate, growth, operations, indebtedness, capitalization and dividends, are exclusively determined by our Board of Directors. Accordingly, our securityholders do not control these policies.

 

Our success depends on key personnel whose continued service is not guaranteed.

 

We depend on the efforts of key personnel, particularly Mortimer B. Zuckerman, Chairman of our Board and Chief Executive Officer, and Douglas T. Linde, our President. Among the reasons that Messrs. Zuckerman and D. Linde are important to our success is that each has a national reputation, which attracts business and investment opportunities and assists us in negotiations with lenders, joint venture partners and other investors. If we lost their services, our relationships with lenders, potential tenants and industry personnel could diminish. Mr. Zuckerman has substantial outside business interests that could interfere with his ability to devote his full time to our business and affairs.

 

Our Executive Vice President, our Chief Financial Officer and five Regional Managers also have strong reputations. Their reputations aid us in identifying opportunities, having opportunities brought to us, and negotiating with tenants and build-to-suit prospects. While we believe that we could find replacements for these key personnel, the loss of their services could materially and adversely affect our operations because of diminished relationships with lenders, prospective tenants and industry personnel.

 

Conflicts of interest exist with holders of interests in BPLP.

 

Sales of properties and repayment of related indebtedness will have different effects on holders of interests in BPLP than on our stockholders.

 

Some holders of interests in BPLP, including Mr. Zuckerman, could incur adverse tax consequences upon the sale of certain of our properties and on the repayment of related debt which differ from the tax consequences to us and our stockholders. Consequently, these holders of partnership interests in BPLP may have different objectives regarding the appropriate pricing and timing of any such sale or repayment of debt. While we have exclusive authority under the limited partnership agreement of BPLP to determine when to refinance or repay debt or whether, when, and on what terms to sell a property, subject, in the case of certain properties, to the contractual commitments described below, any such decision would require the approval of our Board of Directors. While the Board of Directors has a policy with respect to these matters, as directors and executive officers, Messrs. Zuckerman and D. Linde could exercise their influence in a manner inconsistent with the interests of some, or a majority, of our stockholders, including in a manner which could prevent completion of a sale of a property or the repayment of indebtedness.

 

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Agreement not to sell some properties.

 

We have entered into agreements with respect to some properties that we have acquired in exchange for partnership interests in BPLP. Pursuant to those agreements, we have agreed not to sell or otherwise transfer some of our properties, prior to specified dates, in any transaction that would trigger taxable income and we are responsible for the reimbursement of certain tax-related costs to the prior owners if the subject properties are sold in a taxable sale. In general, our obligations to the prior owners are limited in time and only apply to actual damages suffered. As of December 31, 2011 there were a total of six properties subject to these restrictions. In the aggregate, all properties subject to the restrictions accounted for approximately 18% of our total revenue (the sum of our total consolidated revenue and our share of joint venture revenue) for the year ended December 31, 2011.

 

BPLP has also entered into agreements providing prior owners of properties with the right to guarantee specific amounts of indebtedness and, in the event that the specific indebtedness they guarantee is repaid or reduced, additional and/or substitute indebtedness. These agreements may hinder actions that we may otherwise desire to take to repay or refinance guaranteed indebtedness because we would be required to make payments to the beneficiaries of such agreements if we violate these agreements.

 

Mr. Zuckerman will continue to engage in other activities.

 

Mr. Zuckerman has a broad and varied range of investment interests. He could acquire an interest in a company which is not currently involved in real estate investment activities but which may acquire real property in the future. However, pursuant to his employment agreement, Mr. Zuckerman will not, in general, have management control over such companies and, therefore, he may not be able to prevent one or more of such companies from engaging in activities that are in competition with our activities.

 

Compliance or failure to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act or other safety regulations and requirements could result in substantial costs.

 

The Americans with Disabilities Act generally requires that public buildings, including office buildings and hotels, be made accessible to disabled persons. Noncompliance could result in the imposition of fines by the federal government or the award of damages to private litigants. If, under the Americans with Disabilities Act, we are required to make substantial alterations and capital expenditures in one or more of our properties, including the removal of access barriers, it could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations, as well as the amount of cash available for distribution to our securityholders.

 

Our properties are subject to various federal, state and local regulatory requirements, such as state and local fire and life safety requirements. If we fail to comply with these requirements, we could incur fines or private damage awards. We do not know whether existing requirements will change or whether compliance with future requirements will require significant unanticipated expenditures that will affect our cash flow and results of operations.

 

Failure to comply with Federal government contractor requirements could result in substantial costs and loss of substantial revenue.

 

We are subject to compliance with a wide variety of complex legal requirements because we are a Federal government contractor. These laws regulate how we conduct business, require us to administer various compliance programs and require us to impose compliance responsibilities on some of our contractors. Our failure to comply with these laws could subject us to fines and penalties, cause us to be in default of our leases and other contracts with the Federal government and bar us from entering into future leases and other contracts with the Federal government. There can be no assurance that these costs and loss of revenue will not have a material adverse effect on our properties, operations or business.

 

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Some potential losses are not covered by insurance.

 

We carry insurance coverage on our properties of types and in amounts and with deductibles that we believe are in line with coverage customarily obtained by owners of similar properties. In response to the uncertainty in the insurance market following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the Federal Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (as amended, “TRIA”) was enacted in November 2002 to require regulated insurers to make available coverage for “certified” acts of terrorism (as defined by the statute). The expiration date of TRIA was extended to December 31, 2014 by the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2007 (“TRIPRA”). Currently, the per occurrence limits of our portfolio property insurance program are $1.0 billion, including coverage for acts of terrorism certified under TRIA other than nuclear, biological, chemical or radiological terrorism (“Terrorism Coverage”). We also carry $250 million of Terrorism Coverage for 601 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York (“601 Lexington Avenue”) in excess of the $1.0 billion of Terrorism Coverage in our property insurance program which is provided by IXP, LLC (“IXP”) as a direct insurer. We currently insure certain properties, including the General Motors Building located at 767 Fifth Avenue in New York, New York (“767 Fifth Avenue”), in a separate stand alone insurance program. The property insurance program per occurrence limits for 767 Fifth Avenue are $1.625 billion, including Terrorism Coverage, with $1.375 billion of Terrorism Coverage in excess of $250 million being provided by NYXP, LLC, (“NYXP”) as a direct insurer. We also currently carry nuclear, biological, chemical and radiological terrorism insurance coverage for acts of terrorism certified under TRIA (“NBCR Coverage”), which is provided by IXP, as a direct insurer, for the properties in our portfolio, including 767 Fifth Avenue, but excluding the properties owned by our Value-Added Fund and certain other properties owned in joint ventures with third parties or which we manage. The per occurrence limit for NBCR Coverage is $1 billion. Under TRIA, after the payment of the required deductible and coinsurance, the additional Terrorism Coverage provided by IXP for 601 Lexington Avenue, the NBCR Coverage provided by IXP and the Terrorism Coverage provided by NYXP are backstopped by the Federal Government if the aggregate industry insured losses resulting from a certified act of terrorism exceed a “program trigger.” The program trigger is $100 million and the coinsurance is 15%. Under TRIPRA, if the Federal Government pays out for a loss under TRIA, it is mandatory that the Federal Government recoup the full amount of the loss from insurers offering TRIA coverage after the payment of the loss pursuant to a formula in TRIPRA. We may elect to terminate the NBCR Coverage if the Federal Government seeks recoupment for losses paid under TRIA, if there is a change in our portfolio or for any other reason. We intend to continue to monitor the scope, nature and cost of available terrorism insurance and maintain terrorism insurance in amounts and on terms that are commercially reasonable.

 

We also currently carry earthquake insurance on our properties located in areas known to be subject to earthquakes in an amount and subject to self-insurance that we believe are commercially reasonable. In addition, this insurance is subject to a deductible in the amount of 5% of the value of the affected property. Specifically, we currently carry earthquake insurance which covers our San Francisco region with a $120 million per occurrence limit and a $120 million annual aggregate limit, $20 million of which is provided by IXP, as a direct insurer. The amount of our earthquake insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover losses from earthquakes. In addition, the amount of earthquake coverage could impact our ability to finance properties subject to earthquake risk. We may discontinue earthquake insurance on some or all of our properties in the future if the premiums exceed our estimation of the value of the coverage.

 

IXP, a captive insurance company which is a wholly-owned subsidiary, acts as a direct insurer with respect to a portion of our earthquake insurance coverage for our Greater San Francisco properties, the additional Terrorism Coverage for 601 Lexington Avenue and our NBCR Coverage. The additional Terrorism Coverage provided by IXP for 601 Lexington Avenue only applies to losses which exceed the program trigger under TRIA. NYXP, a captive insurance company which is a wholly-owned subsidiary, acts as a direct insurer with respect to a portion of our Terrorism Coverage for 767 Fifth Avenue. Currently, NYXP only insures losses which exceed the program trigger under TRIA and NYXP reinsures with a third-party insurance company any coinsurance payable under TRIA. Insofar as we own IXP and NYXP, we are responsible for their liquidity and capital resources, and the accounts of IXP and NYXP are part of our consolidated financial statements. In particular, if a

 

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loss occurs which is covered by our NBCR Coverage but is less than the applicable program trigger under TRIA, IXP would be responsible for the full amount of the loss without any backstop by the Federal Government. IXP and NYXP would also be responsible for any recoupment charges by the Federal Government in the event losses are paid out and their insurance policies are maintained after the payout by the Federal Government. If we experience a loss and IXP or NYXP are required to pay under their insurance policies, we would ultimately record the loss to the extent of the required payment. Therefore, insurance coverage provided by IXP and NYXP should not be considered as the equivalent of third-party insurance, but rather as a modified form of self-insurance.

 

The mortgages on our properties typically contain requirements concerning the financial ratings of the insurers who provide policies covering the property. We provide the lenders on a regular basis with the identity of the insurance companies in our insurance programs. The ratings of some of our insurers are below the rating requirements in some of our loan agreements and the lenders for these loans could attempt to claim an event of default has occurred under the loan. We believe we could obtain insurance with insurers which satisfy the rating requirements. Additionally, in the future our ability to obtain debt financing secured by individual properties, or the terms of such financing, may be adversely affected if lenders generally insist on ratings for insurers or amounts of insurance which are difficult to obtain or which result in a commercially unreasonable premium. There can be no assurance that a deficiency in the financial ratings of one or more of our insurers will not have a material adverse effect on us.

 

We continue to monitor the state of the insurance market in general, and the scope and costs of coverage for acts of terrorism and California earthquake risk in particular, but we cannot anticipate what coverage will be available on commercially reasonable terms in future policy years. There are other types of losses, such as from wars or the presence of mold at our properties, for which we cannot obtain insurance at all or at a reasonable cost. With respect to such losses and losses from acts of terrorism, earthquakes or other catastrophic events, if we experience a loss that is uninsured or that exceeds policy limits, we could lose the capital invested in the damaged properties, as well as the anticipated future revenues from those properties. Depending on the specific circumstances of each affected property, it is possible that we could be liable for mortgage indebtedness or other obligations related to the property. Any such loss could materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition and results of operations.

 

Actual or threatened terrorist attacks may adversely affect our ability to generate revenues and the value of our properties.

 

We have significant investments in large metropolitan markets that have been or may be in the future the targets of actual or threatened terrorism attacks, including Boston, New York, San Francisco and Washington, DC. As a result, some tenants in these markets may choose to relocate their businesses to other markets or to lower-profile office buildings within these markets that may be perceived to be less likely targets of future terrorist activity. This could result in an overall decrease in the demand for office space in these markets generally or in our properties in particular, which could increase vacancies in our properties or necessitate that we lease our properties on less favorable terms or both. In addition, future terrorist attacks in these markets could directly or indirectly damage our properties, both physically and financially, or cause losses that materially exceed our insurance coverage. As a result of the foregoing, our ability to generate revenues and the value of our properties could decline materially. See also “—Some potential losses are not covered by insurance.

 

We face risks associated with our tenants being designated “Prohibited Persons” by the Office of Foreign Assets Control.

 

Pursuant to Executive Order 13224 and other laws, the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of the Treasury (“OFAC”) maintains a list of persons designated as terrorists or who are otherwise blocked or banned (“Prohibited Persons”). OFAC regulations and other laws prohibit conducting business or engaging in transactions with Prohibited Persons (the “OFAC Requirements”). Certain of our loan and other

 

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agreements require us to comply with OFAC Requirements. We have established a compliance program whereby tenants and others with whom we conduct business are checked against the OFAC list of Prohibited Persons prior to entering into any agreement and on a periodic basis thereafter. Our leases and other agreements, in general, require the other party to comply with OFAC Requirements. If a tenant or other party with whom we contract is placed on the OFAC list we may be required by the OFAC Requirements to terminate the lease or other agreement. Any such termination could result in a loss of revenue or a damage claim by the other party that the termination was wrongful.

 

We face possible risks associated with the physical effects of climate change.

 

We cannot predict with certainty whether climate change is occurring and, if so, at what rate. However, the physical effects of climate change could have a material adverse effect on our properties, operations and business. For example, many of our properties are located along the East and West coasts, particularly those in the Central Business Districts of Boston, New York, and San Francisco. To the extent climate change causes changes in weather patterns, our markets could experience increases in storm intensity and rising sea-levels. Over time, these conditions could result in declining demand for office space in our buildings or the inability of us to operate the buildings at all. Climate change may also have indirect effects on our business by increasing the cost of (or making unavailable) property insurance on terms we find acceptable, increasing the cost of energy and increasing the cost of snow removal at our properties. There can be no assurance that climate change will not have a material adverse effect on our properties, operations or business.

 

Potential liability for environmental contamination could result in substantial costs.

 

Under federal, state and local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, we may be required to investigate and clean up the effects of releases of hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum products at our properties simply because of our current or past ownership or operation of the real estate. If unidentified environmental problems arise, we may have to make substantial payments, which could adversely affect our cash flow and our ability to make distributions to our securityholders, because:

 

   

as owner or operator we may have to pay for property damage and for investigation and clean-up costs incurred in connection with the contamination;

 

   

the law typically imposes clean-up responsibility and liability regardless of whether the owner or operator knew of or caused the contamination;

 

   

even if more than one person may be responsible for the contamination, each person who shares legal liability under the environmental laws may be held responsible for all of the clean-up costs; and

 

   

governmental entities and third parties may sue the owner or operator of a contaminated site for damages and costs.

 

These costs could be substantial and in extreme cases could exceed the amount of our insurance or the value of the contaminated property. We currently carry environmental insurance in an amount and subject to deductibles that we believe are commercially reasonable. Specifically, we carry a pollution legal liability policy with a $10 million limit per incident and a policy aggregate limit of $30 million. The presence of hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum products or the failure to properly remediate contamination may materially and adversely affect our ability to borrow against, sell or rent an affected property. In addition, applicable environmental laws create liens on contaminated sites in favor of the government for damages and costs it incurs in connection with a contamination. Changes in laws increasing the potential liability for environmental conditions existing at our properties, or increasing the restrictions on the handling, storage or discharge of hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum products or other actions may result in significant unanticipated expenditures.

 

Environmental laws also govern the presence, maintenance and removal of asbestos. Such laws require that owners or operators of buildings containing asbestos:

 

   

properly manage and maintain the asbestos;

 

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notify and train those who may come into contact with asbestos; and

 

   

undertake special precautions, including removal or other abatement, if asbestos would be disturbed during renovation or demolition of a building.

 

Such laws may impose fines and penalties on building owners or operators who fail to comply with these requirements and may allow third parties to seek recovery from owners or operators for personal injury associated with exposure to asbestos fibers.

 

Some of our properties are located in urban and previously developed areas where fill or current or historic industrial uses of the areas have caused site contamination. It is our policy to retain independent environmental consultants to conduct or update Phase I environmental site assessments and asbestos surveys with respect to our acquisition of properties. These assessments generally include a visual inspection of the properties and the surrounding areas, an examination of current and historical uses of the properties and the surrounding areas and a review of relevant state, federal and historical documents, but do not involve invasive techniques such as soil and ground water sampling. Where appropriate, on a property-by-property basis, our practice is to have these consultants conduct additional testing, including sampling for asbestos, for lead in drinking water and, for soil and/or groundwater contamination where underground storage tanks are or were located or where other past site usage creates a potential environmental problem. Even though these environmental assessments are conducted, there is still the risk that:

 

   

the environmental assessments and updates did not identify all potential environmental liabilities;

 

   

a prior owner created a material environmental condition that is not known to us or the independent consultants preparing the assessments;

 

   

new environmental liabilities have developed since the environmental assessments were conducted; and

 

   

future uses or conditions such as changes in applicable environmental laws and regulations could result in environmental liability for us.

 

Inquiries about indoor air quality may necessitate special investigation and, depending on the results, remediation beyond our regular indoor air quality testing and maintenance programs. Indoor air quality issues can stem from inadequate ventilation, chemical contaminants from indoor or outdoor sources, and biological contaminants such as molds, pollen, viruses and bacteria. Indoor exposure to chemical or biological contaminants above certain levels can be alleged to be connected to allergic reactions or other health effects and symptoms in susceptible individuals. If these conditions were to occur at one of our properties, we may need to undertake a targeted remediation program, including without limitation, steps to increase indoor ventilation rates and eliminate sources of contaminants. Such remediation programs could be costly, necessitate the temporary relocation of some or all of the property’s tenants or require rehabilitation of the affected property.

 

We face risks associated with security breaches through cyber attacks, cyber intrusions or otherwise, as well as other significant disruptions of our information technology (IT) networks and related systems.

 

We face risks associated with security breaches, whether through cyber attacks or cyber intrusions over the Internet, malware, computer viruses, attachments to e-mails, persons inside our organization or persons with access to systems inside our organization, and other significant disruptions of our IT networks and related systems. The risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyber attack or cyber intrusion, including by computer hackers, foreign governments and cyber terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased. Our IT networks and related systems are essential to the operation of our business and our ability to perform day-to-day operations (including managing our building systems), and, in some cases, may be critical to the operations of certain of our tenants. Although we make efforts to maintain the security and integrity of these types of IT networks and related systems, and we have implemented various measures to manage the risk of a security breach or disruption, there can be no assurance that our security efforts and measures will be effective or that attempted security breaches or disruptions would not be successful or damaging. Even the most well protected

 

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information, networks, systems and facilities remain potentially vulnerable because the techniques used in such attempted security breaches evolve and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, and in some cases are designed not be detected and, in fact, may not be detected. Accordingly, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate security barriers or other preventative measures, and thus it is impossible for us to entirely mitigate this risk.

 

A security breach or other significant disruption involving our IT networks and related systems could:

 

   

disrupt the proper functioning of our networks and systems and therefore our operations and/or those of certain of our tenants;

 

   

result in misstated financial reports, violations of loan covenants, missed reporting deadlines and/or missed permitting deadlines;

 

   

result in our inability to properly monitor our compliance with the rules and regulations regarding our qualification as a REIT;

 

   

result in the unauthorized access to, and destruction, loss, theft, misappropriation or release of proprietary, confidential, sensitive or otherwise valuable information of ours or others, which others could use to compete against us or for disruptive, destructive or otherwise harmful purposes and outcomes;

 

   

result in our inability to maintain the building systems relied upon by our tenants for the efficient use of their leased space;

 

   

require significant management attention and resources to remedy any damages that result;

 

   

subject us to claims for breach of contract, damages, credits, penalties or termination of leases or other agreements; or

 

   

damage our reputation among our tenants and investors generally.

 

Any or all of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

 

We did not obtain new owner’s title insurance policies in connection with properties acquired during our initial public offering.

 

We acquired many of our properties from our predecessors at the completion of our initial public offering in June 1997. Before we acquired these properties, each of them was insured by a title insurance policy. We did not obtain new owner’s title insurance policies in connection with the acquisition of these properties. To the extent we have financed properties after acquiring them in connection with the initial public offering, we have obtained new title insurance policies, however, the amount of these policies may be less than the current or future value of the applicable properties. Nevertheless, because in many instances we acquired these properties indirectly by acquiring ownership of the entity that owned the property and those owners remain in existence as our subsidiaries, some of these title insurance policies may continue to benefit us. Many of these title insurance policies may be for amounts less than the current or future values of the applicable properties. If there was a title defect related to any of these properties, or to any of the properties acquired at the time of our initial public offering, that is no longer covered by a title insurance policy, we could lose both our capital invested in and our anticipated profits from such property. We have obtained title insurance policies for all properties that we have acquired after our initial public offering, however, these policies may be for amounts less than the current or future values of the applicable properties.

 

Because of the ownership structure of our hotel property, we face potential adverse effects from changes to the applicable tax laws.

 

We own one hotel property. However, under the Internal Revenue Code, REITs like us are not allowed to operate hotels directly or indirectly. Accordingly, we lease our hotel property to one of our taxable REIT

 

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subsidiaries. As lessor, we are entitled to a percentage of the gross receipts from the operation of the hotel property. Marriott International, Inc. manages the hotel under the Marriott name pursuant to a management contract with the taxable REIT subsidiary as lessee. While the taxable REIT subsidiary structure allows the economic benefits of ownership to flow to us, the taxable REIT subsidiary is subject to tax on its income from the operations of the hotel at the federal and state level. In addition, the taxable REIT subsidiary is subject to detailed tax regulations that affect how it may be capitalized and operated. If the tax laws applicable to taxable REIT subsidiaries are modified, we may be forced to modify the structure for owning our hotel property, and such changes may adversely affect the cash flows from our hotel. In addition, the Internal Revenue Service, the United States Treasury Department and Congress frequently review federal income tax legislation, and we cannot predict whether, when or to what extent new federal tax laws, regulations, interpretations or rulings will be adopted. Any of such actions may prospectively or retroactively modify the tax treatment of the taxable REIT subsidiary and, therefore, may adversely affect our after-tax returns from our hotel property.

 

We face possible adverse changes in tax laws.

 

From time to time changes in state and local tax laws or regulations are enacted, which may result in an increase in our tax liability. A shortfall in tax revenues for states and municipalities in which we operate may lead to an increase in the frequency and size of such changes. If such changes occur, we may be required to pay additional taxes on our assets or income. These increased tax costs could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and the amount of cash available for the payment of dividends.

 

We face possible state and local tax audits.

 

Because we are organized and qualify as a REIT, we are generally not subject to federal income taxes, but are subject to certain state and local taxes. In the normal course of business, certain entities through which we own real estate either have undergone, or are currently undergoing, tax audits. Although we believe that we have substantial arguments in favor of our positions in the ongoing audits, in some instances there is no controlling precedent or interpretive guidance on the specific point at issue. Collectively, tax deficiency notices received to date from the jurisdictions conducting the ongoing audits have not been material. However, there can be no assurance that future audits will not occur with increased frequency or that the ultimate result of such audits will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

 

Changes in accounting pronouncements could adversely affect our operating results, in addition to the reported financial performance of our tenants.

 

Accounting policies and methods are fundamental to how we record and report our financial condition and results of operations. Uncertainties posed by various initiatives of accounting standard-setting by the Financial Accounting Standards Board and the Securities and Exchange Commission, which create and interpret applicable accounting standards for U.S. companies, may change the financial accounting and reporting standards or their interpretation and application of these standards that govern the preparation of our financial statements. Proposed changes include, but are not limited to, changes in lease accounting and the adoption of accounting standards likely to require the increased use of “fair-value” measures.

 

These changes could have a material impact on our reported financial condition and results of operations. In some cases, we could be required to apply a new or revised standard retroactively, resulting in potentially material restatements of prior period financial statements. Similarly, these changes could have a material impact on our tenants’ reported financial condition or results of operations or could affect our tenants’ preferences regarding leasing real estate.

 

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

 

None.

 

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Table of Contents
Item 2. Properties

 

At December 31, 2011, we owned or had interests in 153 properties, totaling approximately 42.2 million net rentable square feet, including seven properties under construction totaling approximately 2.6 million net rentable square feet. In addition, we had structured parking for approximately 44,528 vehicles containing approximately 15.1 million square feet. Our properties consisted of (1) 146 office properties, including 128 Class A office buildings, including six properties under construction, and 18 properties that support both office and technical uses, (2) three retail properties, (3) one hotel and (4) three residential properties (one of which is under construction). In addition, we own or control 510.5 acres of land for future development. The table set forth below shows information relating to the properties we owned, or in which we had an ownership interest, at December 31, 2011. Information relating to properties owned by the Value-Added Fund is not included in our portfolio information tables or any other portfolio level statistics because the Value-Added Fund invests in assets within our existing markets that have deficiencies in property characteristics which provide an opportunity to create value through repositioning, refurbishment or renovation. We therefore believe including such information in our portfolio tables and statistics would render the portfolio information less useful to investors. Information relating to the Value-Added Fund is set forth separately below.

 

Properties

  

Location

  %
Leased as of
December 31, 2011
    Number
of
Buildings
    Net
Rentable
Square
Feet
 

Class A Office

        

General Motors Building (60% ownership)

   New York, NY     96.7     1        1,808,413   

John Hancock Tower

   Boston, MA     97.6     1        1,723,276   

399 Park Avenue

   New York, NY     98.8     1        1,707,476   

601 Lexington Avenue

   New York, NY     98.0     1        1,630,318   

Times Square Tower

   New York, NY     98.5     1        1,245,818   

800 Boylston Street—The Prudential Center

   Boston, MA     98.5     1        1,234,428   

599 Lexington Avenue

   New York, NY     96.5     1        1,045,128   

Bay Colony Corporate Center

   Waltham, MA     62.7     4        985,334   

Embarcadero Center Four

   San Francisco, CA     80.4     1        936,721   

111 Huntington Avenue—The Prudential Center

   Boston, MA     61.6     1        859,433   

Embarcadero Center One

   San Francisco, CA     93.1     1        833,723   

Atlantic Wharf Office

   Boston, MA     78.5     1        797,873   

Embarcadero Center Two

   San Francisco, CA     98.8     1        779,768   

Embarcadero Center Three

   San Francisco, CA     97.9     1        775,086   

South of Market

   Reston, VA     100.0     3        647,670   

Capital Gallery

   Washington, DC     96.0     1        627,336   

Metropolitan Square (51% ownership)

   Washington, DC     99.8     1        588,917   

125 West 55th Street (60% ownership)

   New York, NY     100.0     1        583,617   

3200 Zanker Road

   San Jose, CA     52.0     4        543,900   

901 New York Avenue (25% ownership)

   Washington, DC     99.8     1        539,229   

Reservoir Place

   Waltham, MA     80.2     1        526,080   

601 and 651 Gateway

   South San Francisco, CA     93.7     2        506,224   

101 Huntington Avenue—The Prudential Center

   Boston, MA     100.0     1        505,939   

2200 Pennsylvania Avenue

   Washington, DC     93.9     1        458,831   

One Freedom Square

   Reston, VA     97.8     1        424,016   

Two Freedom Square

   Reston, VA     96.7     1        421,142   

 

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Table of Contents

Properties

  

Location

  %
Leased as of
December 31, 2011
    Number
of
Buildings
    Net
Rentable
Square
Feet
 

One Tower Center

   East Brunswick, NJ     47.2     1        414,648   

Market Square North (50% ownership)

   Washington, DC     83.1     1        408,965   

140 Kendrick Street

   Needham, MA     100.0     3        380,987   

One and Two Discovery Square

   Reston, VA     100.0     2        366,990   

Weston Corporate Center

   Weston, MA     100.0     1        356,995   

505 9th Street, NW (50% ownership)

   Washington, DC     100.0     1        321,943   

One Reston Overlook

   Reston, VA     99.1     1        320,670   

1333 New Hampshire Avenue

   Washington, DC     98.5     1        315,371   

Waltham Weston Corporate Center

   Waltham, MA     84.3     1        306,687   

230 CityPoint

   Waltham, MA     99.1     1        301,373   

Wisconsin Place Office

   Chevy Chase, MD     96.5     1        299,186   

540 Madison Avenue (60% ownership)

   New York, NY     94.2     1        289,295   

Quorum Office Park

   Chelmsford, MA     82.5     2        267,527   

Reston Corporate Center

   Reston, VA     100.0     2        261,046   

New Dominion Technology Park—Building Two

   Herndon, VA     100.0     1        257,400   

611 Gateway

   South San Francisco, CA     100.0     1        256,302   

200 West Street

   Waltham, MA     78.7     1        256,245   

12300 Sunrise Valley(1)

   Reston, VA     100.0     1        255,244   

1330 Connecticut Avenue

   Washington, DC     100.0     1        252,136   

500 E Street, SW

   Washington, DC     100.0     1        248,336   

Five Cambridge Center

   Cambridge, MA     100.0     1        240,480   

Democracy Tower

   Reston, VA     100.0     1        235,436   

New Dominion Technology Park—Building One

   Herndon, VA     100.0     1        235,201   

510 Carnegie Center

   Princeton, NJ     100.0     1        234,160   

One Cambridge Center

   Cambridge, MA     86.1     1        215,573   

601 Massachusetts Avenue (formerly 635 Massachusetts Avenue)(1)

   Washington, DC     100.0     1        211,000   

77 CityPoint

   Waltham, MA     100.0     1        209,707   

Sumner Square

   Washington, DC     96.7     1        208,892   

Four Cambridge Center

   Cambridge, MA     57.5     1        199,131   

University Place

   Cambridge, MA     100.0     1        195,282   

North First Business Park(1)

   San Jose, CA     75.8     5        190,636   

1301 New York Avenue

   Washington, DC     100.0     1        188,357   

One Preserve Parkway

   Rockville, MD     83.9     1        183,734   

12290 Sunrise Valley

   Reston, VA     100.0     1        182,424   

2600 Tower Oaks Boulevard

   Rockville, MD     66.5     1        178,865   

Eight Cambridge Center

   Cambridge, MA     100.0     1        177,226   

Lexington Office Park

   Lexington, MA     77.0     2        166,745   

210 Carnegie Center

   Princeton, NJ     94.4     1        162,372   

206 Carnegie Center

   Princeton, NJ     100.0     1        161,763   

191 Spring Street

   Lexington, MA     100.0     1        158,900   

303 Almaden

   San Jose, CA     91.5     1        158,499   

Kingstowne Two

   Alexandria, VA     98.2     1        156,251   

Ten Cambridge Center

   Cambridge, MA     100.0     1        152,664   

10 & 20 Burlington Mall Road

   Burlington, MA     83.9     2        152,097   

Kingstowne One

   Alexandria, VA     83.5     1        151,195   

214 Carnegie Center

   Princeton, NJ     62.5     1        150,774   

 

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Table of Contents

Properties

  

Location

  %
Leased as of
December 31, 2011
    Number
of
Buildings
    Net
Rentable
Square
Feet
 

212 Carnegie Center

   Princeton, NJ     63.4     1        150,395   

506 Carnegie Center

   Princeton, NJ     74.8     1        145,213   

2440 West El Camino Real

   Mountain View, CA     100.0     1        140,042   

Two Reston Overlook

   Reston, VA     100.0     1        134,615   

202 Carnegie Center

   Princeton, NJ     92.7     1        130,582   

508 Carnegie Center

   Princeton, NJ     20.3     1        128,662   

101 Carnegie Center

   Princeton, NJ     87.7     1        123,659   

Montvale Center (2)

   Gaithersburg, MD     79.4     1        123,392   

504 Carnegie Center

   Princeton, NJ     100.0     1        121,990   

91 Hartwell Avenue

   Lexington, MA     60.4     1        121,425   

40 Shattuck Road

   Andover, MA     82.4     1        121,216   

701 Carnegie Center

   Princeton, NJ     100.0     1        120,000   

502 Carnegie Center

   Princeton NJ     81.7     1        118,120   

Annapolis Junction (50% ownership)

   Annapolis, MD     100.0     1        117,599   

Three Cambridge Center

   Cambridge, MA     100.0     1        109,358   

201 Spring Street

   Lexington, MA     100.0     1        106,300   

104 Carnegie Center

   Princeton, NJ     85.4     1        102,830   

Bedford Business Park

   Bedford, MA     100.0     1        92,207   

33 Hayden Avenue

   Lexington, MA     43.7     1        80,128   

Eleven Cambridge Center

   Cambridge, MA     86.3     1        79,616   

Reservoir Place North

   Waltham, MA     100.0     1        73,258   

105 Carnegie Center

   Princeton, NJ     55.4     1        69,955   

32 Hartwell Avenue

   Lexington, MA     100.0     1        69,154   

Waltham Office Center(1)

   Waltham, MA     20.0     1        67,005   

302 Carnegie Center

   Princeton, NJ     65.1     1        64,926   

195 West Street

   Waltham, MA     100.0     1        63,500   

100 Hayden Avenue

   Lexington, MA     100.0     1        55,924   

181 Spring Street

   Lexington, MA     100.0     1        55,792   

211 Carnegie Center

   Princeton, NJ     100.0     1        47,025   

92 Hayden Avenue

   Lexington, MA     100.0     1        31,100   

201 Carnegie Center

   Princeton, NJ     100.0     —          6,500   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal for Class A Office Properties

       91.1     122        36,701,894   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Retail

        

Shops at The Prudential Center

   Boston, MA     99.2     1        504,089   

Kingstowne Retail

   Alexandria, VA     100.0     1        88,288   

Shaws Supermarket at The Prudential Center

   Boston, MA     100.0     1        57,235   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal for Retail Properties

       99.4     3        649,612   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Office/Technical Properties

        

Bedford Business Park

   Bedford, MA     87.3     2        377,884   

Seven Cambridge Center

   Cambridge, MA     100.0     1        231,028   

7601 Boston Boulevard

   Springfield, VA     100.0     1        103,750   

7435 Boston Boulevard

   Springfield, VA     100.0     1        103,557   

8000 Grainger Court

   Springfield, VA     100.0     1        88,775   

7500 Boston Boulevard

   Springfield, VA     100.0     1        79,971   

7501 Boston Boulevard

   Springfield, VA     100.0     1        75,756   

Fourteen Cambridge Center

   Cambridge, MA     100.0     1        67,362   

 

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Table of Contents

Properties

  

Location

  %
Leased as of
December 31, 2011
    Number
of
Buildings
    Net
Rentable
Square
Feet
 

164 Lexington Road

   Billerica, MA     0.0     1        64,140   

7450 Boston Boulevard

   Springfield, VA     100.0     1        62,402   

7374 Boston Boulevard

   Springfield, VA     100.0     1        57,321   

8000 Corporate Court

   Springfield, VA     100.0     1        52,539   

7451 Boston Boulevard

   Springfield, VA     100.0     1        47,001   

7300 Boston Boulevard

   Springfield, VA     100.0     1        32,000   

17 Hartwell Avenue

   Lexington, MA     100.0     1        30,000   

7375 Boston Boulevard

   Springfield, VA     100.0     1        26,865   

6601 Springfield Center Drive(1)

   Springfield, VA     100.0     1        26,388   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal for Office/Technical Properties

       92.6     18        1,526,739   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Residential Properties

        

Residences on The Avenue

   Washington, DC     75.5 %(3)      1        323,295 (4) 

The Lofts at Atlantic Wharf

   Boston, MA     80.2 %(3)      1        86,584 (5) 
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal for Residential Properties

       76.5     2        409,879   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Hotel Property

        

Cambridge Center Marriott

   Cambridge, MA     78.2 %(6)      1        332,455 (7) 
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal for Hotel Property

       78.2     1        332,455   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal for In-Service Properties

       91.3     146        39,620,579   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Structured Parking

           15,072,280   
        

 

 

 

Properties Under Construction(8)

        

Office:

        

510 Madison Avenue

   New York, NY     45     1        347,000   

Annapolis Junction Lot 6 (50% ownership)

   Annapolis, MD     0     1        120,000   

12310 Sunrise Valley

   Reston, VA     100     1        267,531   

500 North Capitol (30% ownership)

   Washington, DC     74     1        232,000   

Seventeen Cambridge Center

   Cambridge, MA     100     1        190,329   

250 West 55th Street

   New York, NY     19     1        989,000   

Residential:

        

Reston Town Center Residential

   Reston, VA     N/A        1        420,000   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal for Properties Under Construction

       45     7        2,565,860   
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Portfolio

         153        57,258,719   
      

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) Property held for redevelopment as of December 31, 2011.
(2) See Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(3) Represents the Physical Occupancy as of December 31, 2011. Physical Occupancy is defined as the number of occupied units divided by the total number of units, expressed as a percentage. Note that these amounts are not included in the calculation of the Total Portfolio occupancy rate for In-Service Properties as of December 31, 2011.
(4) Includes 49,528 square feet of retail space which is 100% leased as of December 31, 2011. Note that this amount is not included in the calculation of the Total Portfolio occupancy rate for In-Service Properties as of December 31, 2011.
(5) Includes 8,994 square feet of retail space which is 61% leased as of December 31, 2011. Note that this amount is not included in the calculation of the Total Portfolio occupancy rate for In-Service Properties as of December 31, 2011.

 

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Table of Contents
(6) Represents the weighted-average room occupancy for the year ended December 31, 2011. Note that this amount is not included in the calculation of the Total Portfolio occupancy rate for In-Service Properties as of December 31, 2011.
(7) Includes 2,055 square feet of retail space which is 100% leased as of December 31, 2011. Note that this amount is not included in the calculation of the Total Portfolio occupancy rate for In-Service Properties as of December 31, 2011.
(8) Represents percentage leased as of February 21, 2012 and excludes residential space.

 

The following table shows information relating to properties owned through the Value-Added Fund at December 31, 2011:

 

Property

   Location    % Leased
as of
December
31, 2011
    Number
of
Buildings
     Net
Rentable
Square
Feet
 

Mountain View Research Park

   Mountain View, CA      73.9     16         600,449   

Mountain View Technology Park

   Mountain View, CA      90.7     7         135,279   

300 Billerica Road

   Chelmsford, MA      100.0     1         110,882   
     

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Value-Added Fund

        80.0     24         846,610   
     

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

Percentage Leased and Average Annualized Revenue per Square Foot for In-Service Properties

 

The following table sets forth our percentage leased and average annualized revenue per square foot on a historical basis for our In-Service Properties.

 

     December 31,
2007
    December 31,
2008
    December 31,
2009
    December 31,
2010
    December 31,
2011
 

Percentage leased

     94.9     94.5     92.4     93.2     91.3

Average annualized revenue per square foot(1)

   $ 45.57      $ 51.50      $ 52.84      $ 53.21      $ 53.58   

 

(1) Represents the monthly contractual base rents and recoveries from tenants under existing leases as of December 31, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011 multiplied by twelve. These annualized amounts are before rent abatements and include expense reimbursements, which may be estimates as of such date. The aggregate amount of rent abatements per square foot under existing leases as of December 31, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011 for the succeeding twelve month period is $0.05, $0.52, $0.96, $1.11 and $1.10, respectively.

 

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Table of Contents

Top 20 Tenants by Square Feet

 

Our 20 largest tenants by square feet as of December 31, 2011 were as follows:

 

    

Tenant

   Square
Feet
    % of
In-Service
Portfolio
 
1   

U.S. Government

     1,913,876 (1)      4.92
2   

Citibank

     1,046,768 (2)      2.69
3   

Lockheed Martin

     766,065        1.97
4   

Genentech

     640,271        1.65
5   

Kirkland & Ellis

     639,683 (3)      1.65
6   

Biogen Idec

     592,885        1.52
7   

Ropes & Gray

     528,931        1.36
8   

O’Melveny & Myers

     511,659        1.32
9   

Shearman & Sterling

     472,808        1.22
10   

Manufacturers Investment (Manulife)

     469,050        1.21
11   

Wellington Management

     465,116        1.20
12   

Weil Gotshal Manges

     449,871 (4)      1.16
13   

State Street Bank and Trust

     408,552        1.05
14   

Microsoft

     400,278        1.03
15   

Parametric Technology

     380,987        0.98
16   

Finnegan Henderson Farabow

     362,405 (5)      0.93
17   

Ann (fka Ann Taylor Corp.)

     349,552        0.90
18   

Bingham McCutchen

     301,385        0.78
19   

Aramis (Estee Lauder)

     295,610 (4)      0.76
20   

Accenture

     288,041        0.74

 

(1) Includes 92,620 and 104,874 square feet of space in properties in which we have a 51% and 50% interest, respectively.
(2) Includes 10,080 and 2,761 square feet of space in properties in which we have a 60% and 51% interest, respectively.
(3) Includes 248,021 square feet of space in a property in which we have a 51% interest.
(4) All space is in a property in which we have a 60% interest.
(5) Includes 292,548 square feet of space in a property in which we have a 25% interest.

 

Tenant Diversification (Gross Rent)*

 

Our tenant diversification as of December 31, 2011 was as follows:

 

Sector

   Percentage of
of Gross
Rent
 

Legal Services

     27

Financial Services

     25

Technical and Scientific Services

     11

Other Professional Services

     8

Manufacturing / Consumer Products

     6

Retail

     6

Government / Public Administration

     5

Other

     5

Real Estate and Insurance

     4

Media / Telecommunications

     3

 

* The classification of our tenants is based on the U.S. Government’s North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), which has replaced the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system.

 

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Table of Contents

Lease Expirations (1)(2)

 

Year of Lease

Expiration

   Rentable
Square Feet
Subject to
Expiring
Leases
     Current
Annualized
Contractual
Rent Under
Expiring Leases
Without Future
Step-Ups(3)
     Current
Annualized
Contractual
Rent Under
Expiring Leases
Without Future
Step-Ups p.s.f.(3)
     Current
Annualized
Contractual
Rent Under
Expiring Leases
With  Future
Step-Ups(4)
     Current
Annualized
Contractual Rent
Under Expiring
Leases  With
Future
Step-Ups p.s.f.(4)
     Percentage of
Total Square
Feet
 

2012

     2,364,462       $ 114,568,062       $ 48.45       $ 114,751,855       $ 48.53         6.1

2013

     1,870,857         85,856,066         45.89         86,732,785         46.36         4.8

2014

     3,890,534         156,964,363         40.35         166,248,331         42.73         10.0

2015

     3,353,245         166,859,717         49.76         176,821,129         52.73         8.6

2016

     3,706,764         207,197,933         55.90         210,921,802         56.90         9.5

2017

     3,595,324         228,641,922         63.59         255,343,590         71.02         9.3

2018

     1,066,421         65,513,007         61.43         71,659,286         67.20         2.7

2019

     2,842,009         164,264,706         57.80         179,772,103         63.26         7.3

2020

     3,476,130         195,297,174         56.18         216,049,879         62.15         8.9

Thereafter

     9,084,378         512,277,440         56.39         623,310,649         68.61         23.4

 

(1) Includes 100% of unconsolidated joint venture properties. Does not include properties owned by the Value-Added Fund, residential units and the hotel. In addition, it includes 133,604 square feet of leased premises in properties under development.
(2) Does not include data for leases expiring in a particular year when leases for the same space have already been signed with replacement tenants with future commencement dates. In those cases, the data is included in the year in which the future lease expires.
(3) Represents the monthly contractual base rent and recoveries from tenants under existing leases as of December 31, 2011 multiplied by twelve. This amount reflects total rent before any rent abatements and includes expense reimbursements, which may be estimates as of such date.
(4) Represents the monthly contractual base rent under expiring leases with future contractual increases upon expiration and recoveries from tenants under existing leases as of December 31, 2011 multiplied by twelve. This amount reflects total rent before any rent abatements and includes expense reimbursements, which may be estimates as of such date.

 

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

 

We are subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. These matters are generally covered by insurance. Management believes that the final outcome of such matters will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

 

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

 

Not Applicable.

 

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PART II

 

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 

(a) Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “BXP.” The high and low sales prices and dividends for the periods indicated in the table below were:

 

Quarter Ended

   High      Low      Dividends
per common
share
 

December 31, 2011

   $ 102.32       $ 81.52       $ .55   

September 30, 2011

     112.84         89.02         .50   

June 30, 2011

     108.35         93.29         .50   

March 31, 2011

     96.59         83.90         .50   

December 31, 2010

     91.45         81.02         .50   

September 30, 2010

     89.26         68.47         .50   

June 30, 2010

     83.42         70.91         .50   

March 31, 2010

     78.22         61.50         .50   

 

At February 21, 2012, we had approximately 1,523 stockholders of record.

 

In order to maintain our qualification as a REIT, we must make annual distributions to our stockholders of at least 90% of our taxable income (not including net capital gains). We have adopted a policy of paying regular quarterly distributions on our common stock, and we have adopted a policy of paying regular quarterly distributions on the common units of BPLP. Cash distributions have been paid on our common stock and BPLP’s common units since our initial public offering. Distributions are declared at the discretion of the Board of Directors and depend on actual and anticipated cash from operations, our financial condition, capital requirements, the annual distribution requirements under the REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code and other factors the Board of Directors may consider relevant.

 

During the three months ended December 31, 2011, we issued an aggregate of 476,916 shares of common stock in connection with the redemption of 476,916 common units of limited partnership held by certain limited partners of BPLP. Of these shares, 460,848 were issued in reliance on an exemption from registration under Section 4(2). We relied on the exception under Section 4(2) based upon factual representations received from the limited partners who received the shares of common stock.

 

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Stock Performance Graph

 

The following graph provides a comparison of cumulative total stockholder return for the period from December 31, 2006 through December 31, 2011, among Boston Properties, the Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) 500 Index, the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, Inc. (“NAREIT”) Equity REIT Total Return Index (the “Equity REIT Index”) and the NAREIT Office REIT Index (the “Office REIT Index”). The Equity REIT Index includes all tax-qualified equity REITs listed on the New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange and the NASDAQ Stock Market. Equity REITs are defined as those with 75% or more of their gross invested book value of assets invested directly or indirectly in the equity ownership of real estate. The Office REIT Index includes all office REITs included in the Equity REIT Index. Data for Boston Properties, the S&P 500 Index, the Equity REIT Index and the Office REIT Index was provided to us by NAREIT. Upon written request, Boston Properties will provide any stockholder with a list of the REITs included in the Equity REIT Index and the Office REIT Index. The stock performance graph assumes an investment of $100 in each of Boston Properties and the three indices, and the reinvestment of any dividends. The historical information set forth below is not necessarily indicative of future performance. The data shown is based on the share prices or index values, as applicable, at the end of each month shown.

 

LOGO

 

     As of the year ended December 31,  
     2006      2007      2008      2009      2010      2011  

Boston Properties

   $ 100.00       $ 89.64       $ 55.63       $ 70.93       $ 93.35       $ 110.30   

S&P 500

   $ 100.00       $ 105.49       $ 66.46       $ 84.05       $ 96.71       $ 98.76   

Equity REIT Index

   $ 100.00       $ 84.31       $ 52.50       $ 67.20       $ 85.98       $ 93.10   

Office REIT Index

   $ 100.00       $ 81.04       $ 47.76       $ 64.74       $ 76.65       $ 76.07   

 

(b) None.

 

(c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities. No repurchases during the fourth quarter.

 

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Item 6. Selected Financial Data

 

The following table sets forth our selected financial and operating data on a historical basis. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. In addition, certain prior year amounts have been revised as a result of the adoption on January 1, 2009 of (1) ASC 470-20 “Debt with Conversion and Other Options” (“ASC 470-20”) (formerly known as FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) No. APB 14-1 “Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments That May Be Settled in Cash upon Conversion (Including Partial Cash Settlement)” (“FSP No. APB 14-1”)) (See Note 8 of the Consolidated Financial Statements), (2) the guidance included in ASC 810 “Consolidation” (“ASC 810”) (formerly known as SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements—an amendment of ARB No. 51” (“SFAS No. 160”)) and ASC 480-10-S99 “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity” (“ASC 480-10-S99”) (formerly known as EITF Topic No. D-98 “Classification and Measurement of Redeemable Securities” (Amended)), (3) the guidance included in ASC 260-10 “Earnings Per Share” (“ASC 260-10”) (formerly known as FSP EITF 03-06-1, “Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Share-Based Payment Transactions are Participating Securities” (“FSP EITF 03-06-1”)) (See Note 15 of the Consolidated Financial Statements), and which has been revised for the reclassifications related to the disposition of qualifying properties during 2007 which have been reclassified as discontinued operations, for the periods presented, in accordance with the guidance in ASC 360 “Property, Plant and Equipment” (“ASC 360”) (formerly known as SFAS No. 144 “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long Lived Assets” (“SFAS No. 144”)). The following data should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and notes thereto and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.

 

Our historical operating results may not be comparable to our future operating results.

 

    For the year ended December 31,  
    2011     2010     2009     2008     2007  
    (in thousands, except per share data)  

Statement of Operations Information:

         

Total revenue

  $ 1,759,526      $ 1,550,804      $ 1,518,190      $ 1,469,442      $ 1,392,583   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Expenses:

         

Rental operating

    593,977        501,694        501,799        488,030        455,840   

Hotel operating

    26,128        25,153        23,966        27,510        27,765   

General and administrative

    81,442        79,658        75,447        72,365        69,882   

Acquisition costs

    155        2,614        —          —          —     

Suspension of development

    —          (7,200     27,766        —          —     

Depreciation and amortization

    439,184        338,371        321,681        304,147        286,030   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total expenses

    1,140,886        940,290        950,659        892,052        839,517   

Operating income

    618,640        610,514        567,531        577,390        553,066   

Other income (expense):

         

Income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures

    85,896        36,774        12,058        (182,018     20,428   

Interest and other income

    5,358        7,332        4,059        18,958        89,706   

Gains (losses) from investments in securities

    (443     935        2,434        (4,604     —     

Interest expense

    (394,131     (378,079     (322,833     (295,322     (302,980

Losses from early extinguishments of debt

    (1,494     (89,883     (510     —          (3,417

Net derivative losses

    —          —          —          (17,021     —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income from continuing operations

    313,826        187,593        262,739        97,383        356,803   

Discontinued operations

    —          —          —          —          266,793   

Gains on sales of real estate

    —          2,734        11,760        33,340        929,785   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income

    313,826        190,327        274,499        130,723        1,553,381   

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests

    (41,147     (31,255     (43,485     (25,453     (243,275
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc.

  $ 272,679      $ 159,072      $ 231,014      $ 105,270      $ 1,310,106   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Basic earnings per common share attributable to Boston Properties, Inc.:

         

Income from continuing operations

  $ 1.87      $ 1.14      $ 1.76      $ 0.88      $ 9.07   

Discontinued operations

    —          —          —          —          1.91   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income

  $ 1.87      $ 1.14      $ 1.76      $ 0.88      $ 10.98   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding

    145,693        139,440        131,050        119,980        118,839   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Diluted earnings per common share attributable to Boston Properties, Inc.:

         

Income from continuing operations

  $ 1.86      $ 1.14      $ 1.76      $ 0.87      $ 8.92   

Discontinued operations

    —          —          —          —          1.88   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income

  $ 1.86      $ 1.14      $ 1.76      $ 0.87      $ 10.80   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding

    146,218        140,057        131,512        121,299        120,780   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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    December 31,  
    2011     2010     2009     2008     2007  
    (in thousands)  

Balance Sheet information:

         

Real estate, gross

  $ 13,389,472      $ 12,764,935      $ 11,099,558      $ 10,625,207      $ 10,252,355   

Real estate, net

    10,746,486        10,441,117        9,065,881        8,856,422        8,720,648   

Cash and cash equivalents

    1,823,208        478,948        1,448,933        241,510        1,506,921   

Total assets

    14,782,966        13,348,263        12,348,703        10,917,476        11,195,097   

Total indebtedness

    8,704,138        7,786,001        6,719,771        6,092,884        5,378,360   

Noncontrolling interest—redeemable preferred units of the Operating Partnership

    55,652        55,652        55,652        55,652        55,652   

Stockholders’ equity attributable to Boston Properties, Inc.

    4,865,998        4,372,643        4,446,002        3,688,993        3,767,756   

Noncontrolling interests

    547,518        591,550        623,057        570,112        615,575   
    For the year ended December 31,  
    2011     2010     2009     2008     2007  
    (in thousands, except per share and percentage data)  

Other Information:

         

Funds from Operations attributable to Boston Properties, Inc.(1)

  $ 710,991      $ 547,356      $ 618,006      $ 544,989      $ 545,650   

Funds from Operations attributable to Boston Properties, Inc., as adjusted(1)

    710,991        547,356        618,006        544,989        547,933   

Dividends declared per share

    2.05        2.00        2.18        2.72        8.70   

Cash flows provided by operating activities

    606,328        375,893        617,376        565,311        631,654   

Cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities

    (90,096     (1,161,274     (446,601     (1,320,079     574,655   

Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities

    828,028        (184,604     1,036,648        (510,643     (425,176

Total square feet at end of year (including development projects and parking)

    57,259        53,557        50,468        49,761        43,814   

In-service percentage leased at end of year

    91.3     93.2     92.4     94.5     94.9

 

(1) Pursuant to the revised definition of Funds from Operations adopted by the Board of Governors of NAREIT, we calculate Funds from Operations, or “FFO,” by adjusting net income (loss) attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. (computed in accordance with GAAP, including non-recurring items) for gains (or losses) from sales of properties, impairment losses on depreciable real estate of consolidated real estate, impairment losses on investments in unconsolidated joint ventures driven by a measurable decrease in the fair value of depreciable real estate held by the unconsolidated joint ventures, real estate related depreciation and amortization, and after adjustment for unconsolidated partnerships, joint ventures and preferred distributions. FFO is a non-GAAP financial measure. The use of FFO, combined with the required primary GAAP presentations, has been fundamentally beneficial in improving the understanding of operating results of REITs among the investing public and making comparisons of REIT operating results more meaningful. Management generally considers FFO to be a useful measure for reviewing our comparative operating and financial performance because, by excluding gains and losses related to sales of previously depreciated operating real estate assets, impairment losses on depreciable real estate of consolidated real estate, impairment losses on investments in unconsolidated joint ventures driven by a measurable decrease in the fair value of depreciable real estate held by the unconsolidated joint ventures and excluding real estate asset depreciation and amortization (which can vary among owners of identical assets in similar condition based on historical cost accounting and useful life estimates), FFO can help one compare the operating performance of a company’s real estate between periods or as compared to different companies. Our computation of FFO may not be comparable to FFO reported by other REITs or real estate companies that do not define the term in accordance with the current NAREIT definition or that interpret the current NAREIT definition differently. Amount represents our share, which was 88.57%, 87.25%, 86.57%, 85.49% and 85.32% for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively, after allocation to the noncontrolling interests.

 

In addition to presenting FFO in accordance with the NAREIT definition, we also disclose FFO, as adjusted, which excludes the effects of the losses from early extinguishments of debt associated with the sales of real estate. Losses from early extinguishments of debt result when the sale of real estate encumbered by debt requires us to pay the extinguishment costs prior to the debt’s stated maturity and to write-off unamortized loan costs at the date of the extinguishment. Such costs are excluded from the gains on sales of real estate reported in accordance with GAAP. However, we view the losses from early extinguishments of debt associated with the sales of real estate as an incremental cost of the sale transactions because we extinguished the debt in connection with the consummation of the sale transactions and we had no intent to extinguish the debt absent such transactions. We believe that adjusting FFO to exclude these losses more appropriately reflects the results of our operations exclusive of the impact of our sale transactions.

 

Although our FFO, as adjusted, clearly differs from NAREIT’s definition of FFO, and may not be comparable to that of other REITs and real estate companies, we believe it provides a meaningful supplemental measure of our operating performance because we believe that by excluding the effects of the losses from early extinguishments of debt associated with the sales of real estate, management and investors are presented with an indicator of our operating performance that more closely achieves the objectives of the real estate industry in presenting FFO.

 

Neither FFO, nor FFO, as adjusted, should be considered as an alternative to net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. (determined in accordance with GAAP) as an indication of our performance. Neither FFO nor FFO, as adjusted, represent cash generated from operating activities determined in accordance with GAAP and neither of these measures is a measure of liquidity or an indicator of our ability to make cash distributions. We believe that to further understand our performance, FFO and FFO, as adjusted, should be compared with our reported net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. and considered in addition to cash flows in accordance with GAAP, as presented in our Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

A reconciliation of FFO and FFO, as adjusted, to net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. computed in accordance with GAAP is provided under the heading of “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Funds from Operations.”

 

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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this report.

 

Forward-Looking Statements

 

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws, principally, but not only, under the captions “Business-Business and Growth Strategies,” “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” We caution investors that any forward-looking statements in this report, or which management may make orally or in writing from time to time, are based on management’s beliefs and on assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. When used, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “project,” “result” “should,” “will,” and similar expressions which do not relate solely to historical matters are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Such statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions and are not guarantees of future performance, which may be affected by known and unknown risks, trends, uncertainties and factors that are beyond our control. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may differ materially from those anticipated, estimated or projected by the forward-looking statements. We caution you that, while forward-looking statements reflect our good faith beliefs when we make them, they are not guarantees of future performance and are impacted by actual events when they occur after we make such statements. We expressly disclaim any responsibility to update our forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Accordingly, investors should use caution in relying on past forward-looking statements, which are based on results and trends at the time they are made, to anticipate future results or trends.

 

Some of the risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:

 

   

the continuing impact of high unemployment and other macroeconomic trends, which is having and may continue to have a negative effect on the following, among other things:

 

   

the fundamentals of our business, including overall market occupancy, tenant space utilization and rental rates;

 

   

the financial condition of our tenants, many of which are financial, legal and other professional firms, our lenders, counterparties to our derivative financial instruments and institutions that hold our cash balances and short-term investments, which may expose us to increased risks of default by these parties; and

 

   

the value of our real estate assets, which may limit our ability to dispose of assets at attractive prices or obtain or maintain debt financing secured by our properties or on an unsecured basis;

 

   

general risks affecting the real estate industry (including, without limitation, the inability to enter into or renew leases, dependence on tenants’ financial condition, and competition from other developers, owners and operators of real estate);

 

   

failure to manage effectively our growth and expansion into new markets and sub-markets or to integrate acquisitions and developments successfully;

 

   

the ability of our joint venture partners to satisfy their obligations;

 

   

risks and uncertainties affecting property development and construction (including, without limitation, construction delays, cost overruns, inability to obtain necessary permits and public opposition to such activities);

 

   

risks associated with the availability and terms of financing and the use of debt to fund acquisitions and developments, including the impact of higher interest rates on the cost and/or availability of financing;

 

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risks associated with forward interest rate contracts and the effectiveness of such arrangements;

 

   

risks associated with downturns in the national and local economies, increases in interest rates, and volatility in the securities markets;

 

   

risks associated with actual or threatened terrorist attacks;

 

   

costs of compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act and other similar laws;

 

   

potential liability for uninsured losses and environmental contamination;

 

   

risks associated with our potential failure to qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended;

 

   

possible adverse changes in tax and environmental laws;

 

   

the impact of newly adopted accounting principles on our accounting policies and on period-to-period comparisons of financial results;

 

   

risks associated with possible state and local tax audits; and

 

   

risks associated with our dependence on key personnel whose continued service is not guaranteed.

 

The risks set forth above are not exhaustive. Other sections of this report, including “Part I, Item 1A- Risk Factors,” include additional factors that could adversely affect our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for management to predict all such risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all such risk factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Given these risks and uncertainties, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results. Investors should also refer to our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for future periods and current reports on Form 8-K as we file them with the SEC, and to other materials we may furnish to the public from time to time through Forms 8-K or otherwise, for a discussion of risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements. We expressly disclaim any responsibility to update any forward-looking statements to reflect changes in underlying assumptions or factors, new information, future events, or otherwise, and you should not rely upon these forward-looking statements after the date of this report.

 

Overview

 

We are a fully integrated self-administered and self-managed REIT and one of the largest owners and developers of Class A office properties in the United States. Our properties are concentrated in five markets—Boston, New York, Princeton, San Francisco and Washington, DC. We generate revenue and cash primarily by leasing our Class A office space to our tenants. Factors we consider when we lease space include the creditworthiness of the tenant, the length of the lease, the rental rate to be paid, the costs of tenant improvements and other landlord concessions, current and anticipated operating costs and real estate taxes, our current and anticipated vacancy, current and anticipated future demand for office space and general economic factors. From time to time, we also generate cash through the sale of assets.

 

Our core strategy has always been to operate in supply-constrained markets with high barriers to entry and to focus on executing long-term leases with financially strong tenants. Historically, this combination has tended to reduce our exposure in down cycles and enhance revenues as market conditions improve. To be successful in the current leasing environment, we believe all aspects of the tenant-landlord relationship must be considered. In this regard, we believe that our understanding of tenants’ short- and long-term space needs in the local markets, our relationships with local brokers, our reputation as a premier owner and operator of Class A office properties, our financial strength and our ability to maintain high building standards provide us with a competitive advantage

 

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in an increasingly fragmented office market. We expect tenants in our markets to continue to take advantage of the ability to upgrade to high-quality space like ours, particularly those who value our operational expertise and financial stability when making their leasing decisions.

 

Leasing trends continue to improve in Cambridge, Massachusetts and the Central Business District and suburban submarkets of San Francisco, which suggests that there are sectors of the economy that are growing despite the uncertain and challenging macroeconomic issues. These submarkets are experiencing stronger leasing velocity, additional space demand, increasing rental rates and/or lower transaction concessions. In the midtown Manhattan market activity is stable, although velocity slowed during the second half of 2011. Given our current occupancy in that market of approximately 98%, our leasing in the near term will be generated from smaller spaces where there is good activity. In Washington, DC, the leasing activity in the public sector market has been adversely impacted by the federal budgetary uncertainty and the reductions in discretionary spending programs, and the activity in the private sector market has also been moderate.

 

Overall, during 2011, leases for approximately 5,581,000 square feet of space commenced revenue recognition, including leases for approximately 4,301,000 square feet of second generation space and leases for approximately 1,280,000 square feet of first generation space, stemming mostly from completion of development projects. These second generation leases had an average lease term of approximately 80 months and included an average of approximately 97 days of free rent and total transaction costs, including tenant improvements and leasing commissions, of approximately $30.05 per square foot. Transaction costs were relatively low compared to recent historical standards due to a high percentage of leases signed at suburban properties where tenant concessions and brokerage commissions tend to be lower than Central Business District costs. The starting gross rents for the approximately 3,358,000 square feet of second generation leases that had been occupied within the prior 12 months decreased on average by approximately 1.07% compared to the ending gross rents from the previous leases for this space. Lease terms are highly dependent on location (i.e., whether the property is in a Central Business District or suburban location), whether the lease is a renewal or with a new tenant, and the length of the lease term.

 

As of December 31, 2011, leases representing approximately 6.1% of the space at our properties expire through December 31, 2012. While rental rates in our markets have stabilized and have begun to increase in select submarkets, as leases expire in 2012, assuming no further change in current market rental rates, we expect the rental rates we are likely to achieve on new leases will generally be slightly greater than the rates currently being paid, thereby generally resulting in more revenue from the same space.

 

We believe the successful lease-up and completion of our development pipeline will enhance our long-term return on equity and earnings growth as these developments are placed in-service through 2015. In 2011, we partially or fully placed in-service Atlantic Wharf, The Lofts at Atlantic Wharf, 2200 Pennsylvania Avenue, the Residences on The Avenue and 510 Madison Avenue. In addition, during 2011, we commenced or resumed the development and redevelopment of approximately $1.8 billion of projects, including approximately $1.05 billion on our planned 989,000 square foot office tower at 250 West 55th Street in midtown Manhattan that is currently 19% pre-leased.

 

We also continue to actively explore acquisition opportunities. During 2011, we acquired two assets, one in Waltham, Massachusetts and one in Mountain View, California, for a total investment of approximately $256 million. We believe acquisition opportunities will continue to present themselves; however, the combination of relatively low interest rates and the abundance of capital seeking high-quality assets may have a dampening effect on return expectations. While we are primarily focused on opportunities in our existing markets, we are open to investments in new markets both in the United States and possibly outside the United States. We are primarily interested in investing in markets that share common traits with our existing core markets, namely 24-hour world class cities with highly educated work forces, high barriers to entry and a diverse and strong international tenant base, and in which we would expect to establish an operating platform over time. While our management team is actively seeking opportunities, they intend to carefully evaluate the risks inherent in

 

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investing in any new markets and maintain our disciplined investment strategy, which focuses on high-quality assets in supply-constrained markets that have historically provided long-term value creation. In addition, we believe that our strong cash balance, availability under our Operating Partnership’s Unsecured Line of Credit and access to both secured and unsecured debt at attractive rates provide us with ample capital to pursue acquisition opportunities.

 

These same market conditions that make it challenging to acquire assets at attractive yields also provide us with the opportunity to sell assets. On October 25, 2011, we sold our Two Grand Central Tower joint venture asset (of which our share was 60%), located in New York City, for $401.0 million and may consider the sale of other assets in our portfolio.

 

For descriptions of significant transactions that we completed during 2011, see “Item 1. Business—Transactions During 2011.”

 

Critical Accounting Policies

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP, requires management to use judgment in the application of accounting policies, including making estimates and assumptions. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. These judgments affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. If our judgment or interpretation of the facts and circumstances relating to various transactions had been different, it is possible that different accounting policies would have been applied resulting in a different presentation of our financial statements. From time to time, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions. In the event estimates or assumptions prove to be different from actual results, adjustments are made in subsequent periods to reflect more current information. Below is a discussion of accounting policies that we consider critical in that they may require complex judgment in their application or require estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain.

 

Real Estate

 

Upon acquisitions of real estate, we assess the fair value of acquired tangible and intangible assets, including land, buildings, tenant improvements, “above-” and “below-market” leases, leasing and assumed financing origination costs, acquired in-place leases, other identified intangible assets and assumed liabilities, and allocate the purchase price to the acquired assets and assumed liabilities, including land at appraised value and buildings as if vacant. We assess and consider fair value based on estimated cash flow projections that utilize discount and/or capitalization rates that we deem appropriate, as well as available market information. Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors including the historical operating results, known and anticipated trends, and market and economic conditions. The fair value of the tangible assets of an acquired property considers the value of the property as if it were vacant. We also consider an allocation of purchase price of other acquired intangibles, including acquired in-place leases that may have a customer relationship intangible value, including (but not limited to) the nature and extent of the existing relationship with the tenants, the tenant’s credit quality and expectations of lease renewals. Based on our acquisitions to date, our allocation to customer relationship intangible assets has been immaterial.

 

We record acquired “above-” and “below-market” leases at their fair values (using a discount rate which reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired) equal to the difference between (1) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to each in-place lease and (2) management’s estimate of fair market lease rates for each corresponding in-place lease, measured over a period equal to the remaining term of the lease for above-market leases and the initial term plus the term of any below-market fixed rate renewal options for below-market leases. Other intangible assets acquired include amounts for in-place lease values that are based on our evaluation of the specific characteristics of each tenant’s lease. Factors to be considered include estimates of carrying costs during

 

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hypothetical expected lease-up periods considering current market conditions, and costs to execute similar leases. In estimating carrying costs, we include real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses and estimates of lost rentals at market rates during the expected lease-up periods, depending on local market conditions. In estimating costs to execute similar leases, we consider leasing commissions, legal and other related expenses.

 

Management reviews its long-lived assets used in operations for impairment following the end of each quarter and when there is an event or change in circumstances that indicates an impairment in value. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of its assets is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. If such criteria are present, an impairment loss is recognized based on the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over its fair value. The evaluation of anticipated cash flows is highly subjective and is based in part on assumptions regarding future occupancy, rental rates and capital requirements that could differ materially from actual results in future periods. Since cash flows on properties considered to be “long-lived assets to be held and used” are considered on an undiscounted basis to determine whether an asset has been impaired, our established strategy of holding properties over the long term directly decreases the likelihood of recording an impairment loss. If our strategy changes or market conditions otherwise dictate an earlier sale date, an impairment loss may be recognized and such loss could be material. If we determine that impairment has occurred, the affected assets must be reduced to their fair value.

 

ASC 360 requires that qualifying assets and liabilities and the results of operations that have been sold, or otherwise qualify as “held for sale,” be presented as discontinued operations in all periods presented if the property operations are expected to be eliminated and we will not have significant continuing involvement following the sale. The components of the property’s net income that is reflected as discontinued operations include the net gain (or loss) upon the disposition of the property held for sale, operating results, depreciation and interest expense (if the property is subject to a secured loan). We generally consider assets to be “held for sale” when the transaction has been approved by our Board of Directors, or a committee thereof, and there are no known significant contingencies relating to the sale, such that the property sale within one year is considered probable. Following the classification of a property as “held for sale,” no further depreciation is recorded on the assets and the asset is written down to the lower of carrying value or fair market value.

 

Real estate is stated at depreciated cost. A variety of costs are incurred in the acquisition, development and leasing of properties. The cost of buildings and improvements includes the purchase price of property, legal fees and other acquisition costs. Effective January 1, 2009, we are required to expense costs that an acquirer incurs to effect a business combination such as legal, due diligence and other closing related costs. Costs directly related to the development of properties are capitalized. Capitalized development costs include interest, internal wages, property taxes, insurance, and other project costs incurred during the period of development. After the determination is made to capitalize a cost, it is allocated to the specific component of a project that is benefited. Determination of when a development project commences and capitalization begins, and when a development project is substantially complete and held available for occupancy and capitalization must cease involves a degree of judgment. Our capitalization policy on development properties is guided by guidance in ASC 835-20 “Capitalization of Interest” and ASC 970 “Real Estate—General” (formerly known as SFAS No. 34 “Capitalization of Interest Cost” and SFAS No. 67 “Accounting for Costs and the Initial Rental Operations of Real Estate Projects”). The costs of land and buildings under development include specifically identifiable costs. The capitalized costs include pre-construction costs necessary to the development of the property, development costs, construction costs, interest costs, real estate taxes, salaries and related costs and other costs incurred during the period of development. We begin the capitalization of costs during the pre-construction period which we define as activities that are necessary to the development of the property. We consider a construction project as substantially completed and held available for occupancy upon the completion of tenant improvements, but no later than one year from cessation of major construction activity. We cease capitalization on the portion (1) substantially completed, (2) occupied or held available for occupancy, and we capitalize only those costs associated with the portion under construction, or (3) if activities necessary for the development of the property have been suspended.

 

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Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures

 

We consolidate variable interest entities in which we are considered to be the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary is defined by the entity having both of the following characteristics: (1) the power to direct the activities that, when taken together, most significantly impact the variable interest entity’s performance, and (2) the obligation to absorb losses and right to receive the returns from the variable interest entity that would be significant to the variable interest entity. Except for ownership interests in variable interest entities for which we are the primary beneficiary, we account for our investments in joint ventures under the equity method of accounting because it exercises significant influence over, but does not control, these entities. Our judgment with respect to our level of influence or control of an entity involves the consideration of various factors including the form of the our ownership interest, our representation in the entity’s governance, the size of our investment (including loans), estimates of future cash flows, our ability to participate in policy making decisions and the rights of the other investors to participate in the decision making process and to replace us as manager and/or liquidate the venture, if applicable. Our assessment of our influence or control over an entity affects the presentation of these investments in our Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

These investments are recorded initially at cost, as Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures, and subsequently adjusted for equity in earnings and cash contributions and distributions. Any difference between the carrying amount of these investments on our balance sheet and the underlying equity in net assets is amortized as an adjustment to equity in earnings of unconsolidated joint ventures over the life of the related asset. Under the equity method of accounting, our net equity is reflected within the Consolidated Balance Sheets, and our share of net income or loss from the joint ventures is included within the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The joint venture agreements may designate different percentage allocations among investors for profits and losses, however, our recognition of joint venture income or loss generally follows the joint venture’s distribution priorities, which may change upon the achievement of certain investment return thresholds. We may account for cash distributions in excess of our investment in an unconsolidated joint venture as income when we are not the general partner in a limited partnership and when we have neither the requirement nor the intent to provide financial support to the joint venture. Our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures are reviewed for impairment periodically and we record impairment charges when events or circumstances change indicating that a decline in the fair value below the carrying values have occurred and such decline is other-than-temporary. The ultimate realization of our investment in unconsolidated joint ventures is dependent on a number of factors, including the performance of each investment and market conditions. We will record an impairment charge if we determine that a decline in the value below the carrying value of an investment in an unconsolidated joint venture is other than temporary.

 

To the extent that we contribute assets to a joint venture, our investment in the joint venture is recorded at our cost basis in the assets that were contributed to the joint venture. To the extent that our cost basis is different than the basis reflected at the joint venture level, the basis difference is amortized over the life of the related asset and included in our share of equity in net income of the joint venture. We will recognize gains on the contribution of real estate to joint ventures, relating solely to the outside partner’s interest, to the extent the economic substance of the transaction is a sale.

 

The combined summarized financial information of the unconsolidated joint ventures is disclosed in Note 5 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Revenue Recognition

 

Contractual rental revenue is reported on a straight-line basis over the terms of our respective leases. We recognize rental revenue of acquired in-place “above-” and “below-market” leases at their fair values over the terms of the respective leases. Accrued rental income as reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets represents rental income recognized in excess of rent payments actually received pursuant to the terms of the individual lease agreements.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2011, we recorded approximately $10.8 million of rental revenue representing the adjustments of rents from “above-” and “below-market” leases. For the year ended

 

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December 31, 2011, the impact of the straight-line rent adjustment increased rental revenue by approximately $77.0 million. These amounts exclude the adjustment of rents from “above-” and “below-market” leases and straight-line income from unconsolidated joint ventures, which are disclosed in Note 5 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Our leasing strategy is generally to secure creditworthy tenants that meet our underwriting guidelines. Furthermore, following the initiation of a lease, we continue to actively monitor the tenant’s creditworthiness to ensure that all tenant related assets are recorded at their realizable value. When assessing tenant credit quality, we:

 

   

review relevant financial information, including:

 

   

financial ratios;

 

   

net worth;

 

   

revenue;

 

   

cash flows;

 

   

leverage: and

 

   

liquidity;

 

   

evaluate the depth and experience of the tenant’s management team; and

 

   

assess the strength/growth of the tenant’s industry.

 

As a result of the underwriting process, tenants are then categorized into one of three categories:

 

  (1) low risk tenants;

 

  (2) the tenant’s credit is such that we require collateral, in which case we:

 

   

require a security deposit; and/or

 

   

reduce upfront tenant improvement investments; or

 

  (3) the tenant’s credit is below our acceptable parameters.

 

We consistently monitor the credit quality of our tenant base. We provide an allowance for doubtful accounts arising from estimated losses that could result from the tenant’s inability to make required current rent payments and an allowance against accrued rental income for future potential losses that we deem to be unrecoverable over the term of the lease.

 

Tenant receivables are assigned a credit rating of 1 through 4. A rating of 1 represents the highest possible rating and no allowance is recorded. A rating of 4 represents the lowest credit rating, in which case we record a full reserve against the receivable balance. Among the factors considered in determining the credit rating include:

 

   

payment history;

 

   

credit status and change in status (credit ratings for public companies and company financial statements are used as a primary metric);

 

   

change in tenant space utilization (i.e., expansion/downsize/sublease activity);

 

   

tenant financial performance;

 

   

economic conditions in a specific geographic region; and

 

   

industry specific credit considerations.

 

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If our estimates of collectability differ from the cash received, then the timing and amount of our reported revenue could be impacted. The average remaining term of our in-place tenant leases, including unconsolidated joint ventures, was approximately 6.8 years as of December 31, 2011. The credit risk is mitigated by the high quality of our existing tenant base, reviews of prospective tenants’ risk profiles prior to lease execution and consistent monitoring of our portfolio to identify potential problem tenants.

 

Recoveries from tenants, consisting of amounts due from tenants for common area maintenance, real estate taxes and other recoverable costs, are recognized as revenue in the period during which the expenses are incurred. Tenant reimbursements are recognized and presented in accordance with guidance in ASC 605-45 “Principal Agent Considerations” (“ASC 605-45”) (formerly known as Emerging Issues Task Force, or EITF, Issue 99-19 “Reporting Revenue Gross as a Principal versus Net as an Agent,” or (“Issue 99-19”)). ASC 605-45 requires that these reimbursements be recorded on a gross basis, as we are generally the primary obligor with respect to purchasing goods and services from third-party suppliers, have discretion in selecting the supplier and have credit risk. We also receive reimbursement of payroll and payroll related costs from third parties which we reflect on a net basis.

 

Our hotel revenues are derived from room rentals and other sources such as charges to guests for long-distance telephone service, fax machine use, movie and vending commissions, meeting and banquet room revenue and laundry services. Hotel revenues are recognized as earned.

 

We receive management and development fees from third parties. Property management fees are recorded and earned based on a percentage of collected rents at the properties under management, and not on a straight-line basis, because such fees are contingent upon the collection of rents. We review each development agreement and record development fees as earned depending on the risk associated with each project. Profit on development fees earned from joint venture projects is recognized as revenue to the extent of the third party partners’ ownership interest.

 

Gains on sales of real estate are recognized pursuant to the provisions included in ASC 360-20 “Real Estate Sales” (“ASC 360-20”) (formerly known as SFAS No. 66, “Accounting for Sales of Real Estate”). The specific timing of the sale is measured against various criteria in ASC 360-20 related to the terms of the transaction and any continuing involvement in the form of management or financial assistance associated with the properties. If the criteria for the full accrual method are not met, we defer some or all of the gain recognition and account for the continued operations of the property by applying the finance, leasing, profit sharing, deposit, installment or cost recovery methods, as appropriate, until the sales criteria are met.

 

Depreciation and Amortization

 

We compute depreciation and amortization on our properties using the straight-line method based on estimated useful asset lives. We allocate the acquisition cost of real estate to land, building, tenant improvements, acquired “above-” and “below-market” leases, origination costs and acquired in-place leases based on an assessment of their fair value and depreciate or amortize these assets over their useful lives. The amortization of acquired “above-” and “below-market” leases and acquired in-place leases is recorded as an adjustment to revenue and depreciation and amortization, respectively, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

For purposes of disclosure, we calculate the fair value of our mortgage notes payable and unsecured senior notes. We discount the spread between the future contractual interest payments and hypothetical future interest payments on our mortgage debt and unsecured notes based on a current market rate. In determining the current market rate, we add our estimate of a market spread to the quoted yields on federal government treasury securities with similar maturity dates to our own debt. Because our valuations of our financial instruments are based on these types of estimates, the actual fair value of our financial instruments may differ materially if our estimates do not prove to be accurate.

 

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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

 

Derivative instruments and hedging activities require management to make judgments on the nature of its derivatives and their effectiveness as hedges. These judgments determine if the changes in fair value of the derivative instruments are reported in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as a component of net income or as a component of comprehensive income and as a component of equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. While management believes its judgments are reasonable, a change in a derivative’s effectiveness as a hedge could materially affect expenses, net income and equity. We account for the effective portion of changes in the fair value of a derivative in other comprehensive income (loss) and subsequently reclassify the effective portion to earnings over the term that the hedged transaction affects earnings. We account for the ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of a derivative directly in earnings.

 

Results of Operations

 

The following discussion is based on our Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009.

 

At December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, we owned or had interests in a portfolio of 153, 146 and 146 properties, respectively (the “Total Property Portfolio”). As a result of changes within our Total Property Portfolio, the financial data presented below shows significant changes in revenue and expenses from period-to-period. Accordingly, we do not believe that our period-to-period financial data with respect to the Total Property Portfolio are necessarily meaningful. Therefore, the comparisons of operating results for the years ended 2011, 2010 and 2009 show separately the changes attributable to the properties that were owned by us throughout each period compared (the “Same Property Portfolio”) and the changes attributable to the properties included in the Acquired, Placed-in Service, Sold or Development or Redevelopment Portfolios.

 

In our analysis of operating results, particularly to make comparisons of net operating income between periods meaningful, it is important to provide information for properties that were in-service and owned by us throughout each period presented. We refer to properties acquired or placed in-service prior to the beginning of the earliest period presented and owned by us through the end of the latest period presented as our Same Property Portfolio. The Same Property Portfolio therefore excludes properties placed in-service, acquired or in development or redevelopment after the beginning of the earliest period presented or disposed of prior to the end of the latest period presented.

 

Net operating income, or “NOI,” is a non-GAAP financial measure equal to net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc., the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, plus income attributable to noncontrolling interests, losses from early extinguishments of debt, losses (gains) from investments in securities, suspension of development, depreciation and amortization, interest expense, acquisition costs and general and administrative expense, less gains on sales of real estate, income from unconsolidated joint ventures, interest and other income and development and management services revenue. We use NOI internally as a performance measure and believe NOI provides useful information to investors regarding our financial condition and results of operations because it reflects only those income and expense items that are incurred at the property level. Therefore, we believe NOI is a useful measure for evaluating the operating performance of our real estate assets.

 

Our management also uses NOI to evaluate regional property level performance and to make decisions about resource allocations. Further, we believe NOI is useful to investors as a performance measure because, when compared across periods, NOI reflects the impact on operations from trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, operating costs and acquisition and development activity on an unleveraged basis, providing perspective not immediately apparent from net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. NOI excludes certain components from net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. in order to provide results that are more closely related to our properties’ results of operations. For example, interest expense is not necessarily linked to the operating performance of a real estate asset and is often incurred at the corporate level as opposed to the property level. In addition, depreciation and amortization, because of historical cost accounting and useful life

 

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estimates, may distort operating performance at the property level. NOI presented by us may not be comparable to NOI reported by other REITs that define NOI differently. We believe that in order to facilitate a clear understanding of our operating results, NOI should be examined in conjunction with net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. as presented in our Consolidated Financial Statements. NOI should not be considered as an alternative to net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. as an indication of our performance or to cash flows as a measure of liquidity or ability to make distributions. For a reconciliation of NOI to net income attributable to Boston Properties Inc., see Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Comparison of the year ended December 31, 2011 to the year ended December 31, 2010

 

The table below shows selected operating information for the Same Property Portfolio and the Total Property Portfolio. The Same Property Portfolio consists of 128 properties totaling approximately 30.4 million net rentable square feet of space, excluding unconsolidated joint ventures and structured parking. The Same Property Portfolio includes properties acquired or placed in-service on or prior to January 1, 2010 and owned and in service through December 31, 2011. The Total Property Portfolio includes the effects of the other properties either placed in-service, acquired or in development or redevelopment after January 1, 2010 or disposed of on or prior to December 31, 2011. There were no consolidated properties that were sold after January 1, 2010. This table includes a reconciliation from the Same Property Portfolio to the Total Property Portfolio by also providing information for the year ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 with respect to the properties which were placed in-service, acquired or in development or redevelopment.

 

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    Same Property Portfolio     Properties
Acquired
Portfolio
    Properties
Placed
In-Service
Portfolio
    Properties in
Development
or
Redevelopment
Portfolio
    Total Property Portfolio  

(dollars in thousands)

  2011     2010     Increase/
(Decrease)
    %
Change
    2011     2010     2011     2010     2011     2010     2011     2010     Increase/
(Decrease)
    %
Change
 

Rental Revenue:

                           

Rental Revenue

  $ 1,454,380      $ 1,445,676      $ 8,704        0.60   $ 128,885      $ 857     $ 85,893      $ 10,046      $ 5,540      $ 11,029      $ 1,674,698      $ 1,467,608      $ 207,090        14.11

Termination Income

    14,293        9,165        5,128        55.95     (20 )     —          —          —          2,591        —          16,864        9,165        7,699        84.00
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Rental Revenue

    1,468,673        1,454,841        13,832        0.95     128,865        857       85,893        10,046        8,131        11,029        1,691,562        1,476,773        214,789        14.54
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Real Estate Operating Expenses

    500,813        495,828        4,985        1.01     57,857        358       33,358        1,145        1,949        4,363        593,977        501,694        92,283        18.39
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net Operating Income, excluding hotel

    967,860        959,013        8,847        0.92     71,008        499       52,535        8,901        6,182        6,666        1,097,585        975,079        122,506        12.56
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Hotel Net Operating Income(1)

    8,401        7,647        754        9.86     —          —          —          —          —          —          8,401        7,647        754        9.86
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Consolidated Net Operating Income(1)

    976,261        966,660        9,601        0.99     71,008        499       52,535        8,901        6,182        6,666        1,105,986        982,726        123,260        12.54
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other Revenue:

                           

Development and management services

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          33,435        41,231        (7,796     (18.91 )% 

Other Expenses:

                           

General and administrative expense

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          81,442        79,658        1,784        2.24

Acquisition costs

    —          —          —          —          —            —          —              155        2,614        (2,459     (94.07 )% 

Suspension of development

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          (7,200     7,200        100.00

Depreciation and amortization

    334,943        326,196        8,747        2.68     62,182        394       22,900        2,038        19,159        9,743        439,184        338,371        100,813        29.79
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Other Expenses

    334,943        326,196        8,747        2.68     62,182        394       22,900        2,038        19,159        9,743        520,781        413,443        107,338        25.96
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating Income

    641,318        640,464        854        0.13     8,826        105       29,635        6,863        (12,977     (3,077     618,640        610,514        8,126        1.33

Other Income:

                           

Income from unconsolidated joint ventures

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          85,896        36,774        49,122        133.58

Interest and other

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          5,358        7,332        (1,974     (26.92 )% 

Gains (losses) from investments in securities

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          (443     935        (1,378     (147.38 )% 

Other Expenses:

                           

Interest expense

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          394,131        378,079        16,052        4.25

Losses from early extinguishments of debt

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          1,494       89,883        (88,389     (98.34 )% 
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income from continuing operations

                        313,826        187,593        126,233        67.29

Gains on sales of real estate

                        —          2,734        (2,734     (100.00 )% 
                     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income

                        313,826        190,327        123,499        64.89

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests:

                           

Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships

                        (1,558     (3,464     1,906        55.02

Noncontrolling interest–redeemable preferred units of the Operating Partnership

                        (3,339     (3,343     4        0.12

Noncontrolling interest—common units of the Operating Partnership

                        (36,250     (24,099     (12,151     (50.42 %) 

Noncontrolling interest in gains on sales of real estate—common units of the Operating Partnership

                        —          (349     349        100.00
                     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net Income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc.

                      $ 272,679      $ 159,072      $ 113,607        71.42
                     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) For a detailed discussion of NOI, including the reasons management believes NOI is useful to investors, see page 56. Hotel Net Operating Income for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 is comprised of Hotel Revenue of $34,529 and $32,800, respectively, less Hotel Expenses of $26,128 and $25,153, respectively, per the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

 

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Table of Contents

Same Property Portfolio

 

Rental Revenue

 

Rental revenue from the Same Property Portfolio increased approximately $8.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to 2010. The increase was primarily the result of an increase of approximately $1.4 million in rental revenue from our leases, coupled with increases in parking and other revenue and other recoveries of approximately $3.6 million and $3.7 million, respectively. The increase in rental revenue from our leases of approximately $1.4 million is the result of our average revenue increasing by approximately $0.42 per square foot, contributing approximately $11.7 million, offset by an approximately $10.3 million decrease due to a decline in occupancy from 92.3% to 91.6%.

&nb