UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F
¨ | REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
OR
x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
OR
¨ | SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Date of event requiring this shell company report ____________
For the transition period from ____________ to ___________
Commission File Number: 333-7480
INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B. DE C.V.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Bachoco Industries
(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)
The United Mexican States
(Jurisdiction of incorporation
or organization)
Avenida Tecnologico No. 401
Ciudad Industrial C.P. 38010
Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico.
(Address of principal executive offices)
Daniel Salazar Ferrer
Avenida Tecnologico No. 401
Ciudad Industrial C.P. 38010
Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico
Telephone: (+011-52-461-618-3555)
Facsimile: (+011-52-461-611-6502)
Email: inversionistas@bachoco.net
(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class | Name of each exchange on which registered | |
American Depositary Shares, each representing twelve | New York Stock Exchange | |
Series B Shares. |
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Securities for which there is a reporting
obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None
Indicate the number of outstanding Shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report:
Series B Capital Stock: 600,000,000 Shares
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes ¨ No x
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Yes x No ¨
Note: Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days:
Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer ¨ | Accelerated filer x | Non-accelerated filer ¨ |
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
U.S. GAAP ¨ | International Financial Reporting | Other x |
Standards as issued by the International | ||
Accounting Standards Board ¨ |
If “Other has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statements item the registrant has elected to follow:
Item 17 ¨ Item 18 x
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ¨ No x
(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 23 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by the court.
Yes ¨ No ¨
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page | ||
PART I | 3 | |
ITEM 1. | Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers | 3 |
ITEM 2. | Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable | 3 |
ITEM 3. | Key Information | 3 |
A. | Selected Financial Data | 3 |
B. | Capitalization and Indebtedness | 6 |
C. | Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds | 6 |
D. | Risk Factors | 6 |
ITEM 4. | Information on the Company | 11 |
A. | History and Development of the Company | 11 |
B. | Business Overview | 13 |
C. | Organizational Structure | 23 |
D. | Property, Plant and Equipment | 24 |
ITEM 4.A. | Unresolved Staff Comments | 25 |
ITEM 5. | Operating and Financial Review and Prospects | 25 |
A. | Operating Results | 26 |
B. | Liquidity and Capital Resources | 34 |
C. | Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc. | 37 |
D. | Trend Information | 37 |
E. | Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements | 37 |
F. | Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations | 37 |
G. | Safe Harbor | 38 |
ITEM 6. | Directors, Senior Management and Employees | 38 |
A. | Directors and Senior Management | 38 |
B. | Compensation | 44 |
C. | Board Practices | 44 |
iii |
D. | Employees | 44 |
E. | Share Ownership | 45 |
ITEM 7. | Major Stockholders and Related Party Transactions | 45 |
A. | Major Shareholders | 45 |
B. | Related Party Transactions | 46 |
C. | Interests of Experts and Counsel | 47 |
ITEM 8. | Financial Information | 47 |
A. | Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information | 47 |
B. | Significant Changes | 48 |
ITEM 9. | The Offer and Listing | 49 |
A. | Offer and Listing Details | 49 |
B. | Plan of Distribution | 50 |
C. | Markets | 50 |
D. | Selling Shareholders | 50 |
E. | Dilution | 50 |
F. | Expenses of the Issue | 50 |
ITEM 10. | Additional Information | 50 |
A. | Share Capital | 50 |
B. | Memorandum and Articles of Association | 50 |
C. | Material Contracts | 59 |
D. | Exchange Controls | 59 |
E. | Taxation | 59 |
F. | Dividends and Paying Agents | 65 |
G. | Statement by Experts | 65 |
H. | Documents on Display | 65 |
I. | Subsidiary Information | 66 |
ITEM 11. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 66 |
ITEM 12. | Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities | 67 |
iv |
A. | Debt Securities | 67 |
B. | Warrants and Rights | 67 |
C. | Other Securities | 67 |
D. | American Depository Receipts | 67 |
PART II | 69 | |
ITEM 13. | Default, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies | 69 |
ITEM 14. | Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds | 69 |
ITEM 15. | Controls and Procedures | 69 |
ITEM 16. | [Reserved] | 71 |
ITEM 16.A. | Audit Committee Financial Expert | 71 |
ITEM 16.B. | Code of Ethics | 72 |
ITEM 16.C. | Principal Accountant Fees and Services | 72 |
ITEM 16.D. | Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees | 72 |
ITEM 16.E. | Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers | 73 |
ITEM 16.F. | Changes in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant | 74 |
ITEM 16.G. | Corporate Governance | 75 |
PART III | 81 | |
ITEM 17. | Financial Statements | 81 |
ITEM 18. | Financial Statements | 81 |
ITEM 19. | Exhibits | 81 |
Index of Exhibits | 81 |
v |
Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. is a holding company with no operations other than holding the stock of its subsidiaries. Our principal operating subsidiary is Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. (“BSACV”), which owns the principal operating assets of Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and accounted for 81.37% of consolidated total assets on December 31, 2011. References herein to “Bachoco,” “we,” “us,” “our,” “its” or the “Company” are, unless the context requires otherwise, to Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and its consolidated subsidiaries as a whole.
We are incorporated under the laws of the United Mexican States (“Mexico”), but we have operations in both in Mexico and in the U.S. Our principal executive offices are located in Mexico at Avenida Tecnologico No. 401, Ciudad Industrial C.P. 38010, Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico, and our telephone number is +52(461)618-3555.
Presentation of Information
We publish our financial statements in Mexican pesos and present our financial statements in accordance with Mexican Financial Reporting Standards (“Mexican FRS”). Information from the years 2008 to 2011, does not include the recognition of the effects of inflation, while financial information is presented in constant pesos as of December 31, 2007, based on the Mexican National Consumer Price Index (NCPI) published by Banco de Mexico (the “Central Bank”).
Mexican FRS B-10 supersedes Bulletin B-10 Recognition of the effects of inflation on the financial information and its five amendment documents as well as the related circulars and Interpretation of Financial Reporting Standards. The principal considerations established by this FRS are:
Recognition of the effects of inflation – An entity operates in (a) an inflationary economic environment when cumulative inflation over the immediately preceding 3-year period is equal to or greater than 26.0%; and (b) a non-inflationary economic environment, when inflation over the aforementioned period is less than 26.0%. For more detail, see Note 2-d) in our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.
With respect to (a) above, similarly to the superseded Bulletin B-10, the comprehensive recognition of the effects of inflation is required. For case (b), the effects of inflation are not recognized; however, at the effective date of this FRS and when an entity ceases to operate in an inflationary economic environment, the restatement effects determined through the last period in which the entity operated in an inflationary economic environment (in our case 2007), must be kept and shall be reclassified on the same date and using the same procedure as that of the corresponding assets, liabilities and stockholders' equity. Should the entity once more operate in an inflationary economic environment, the cumulative effects of inflation not recognized in the periods where the environment was deemed to be non-inflationary should be recognized retrospectively.
Except as otherwise indicated, all data in the financial statements included below in Item 18 (which together with the attached notes constitute our “Audited Consolidated Financial Statements”) and the selected financial information included throughout this Form 20-F (this “Annual Report”) have been presented in nominal pesos for the years ended December 31, 2008 through 2010, except for year 2007 that is expressed in constant pesos for the year ended December 31, 2007.
Mexican FRS differs in certain respects from generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). For a discussion of certain significant differences between Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP as they apply to us, together with a reconciliation of consolidated operating income, consolidated net income, consolidated stockholders’ equity to U.S. GAAP, and a consolidated statement of cash flows under U.S. GAAP, see Note 23 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements. The effect of price-level restatement under Mexican FRS has not been reversed in the reconciliation to U.S. GAAP. See Note 23 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.
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In January 2009, the Mexican Banking and Securities Commission (Comision Nacional Bancaria y de Valores, “CNBV”) published certain amendments to the Rules for Public Companies and other participants in the Mexican Securities Market (Disposiciones de Caracter General Aplicables a las Emisoras de Valores y a otros Participantes del Mercado de Valores – the “Rules”) that require public companies to report financial information in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”), effective as of January 1, 2012.
On January 1, 2012, we adopted IFRS, meeting the CNBV requirements. The Company must release its first quarter, 2012 unaudited results under IFRS, no later than May 2, 2012. IFRS differs in certain significant respects from Mexican FRS. See Note 22 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the principal differences among IFRS and Mexican FRS as they apply to us.
References herein to “U.S. dollars,” “U.S. $” or “$” are to the lawful currency of the United States of America, except that "$" is also used for pesos in the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements. References herein to “pesos” or “Ps.” are to the lawful currency of Mexico. This Annual Report contains translations of certain peso amounts into U.S. dollars at specified rates solely for the convenience of the reader. Unless otherwise indicated, such U.S. dollar amounts have been translated from pesos at an exchange rate of Ps 13.97 to US $1.00, the exchange rate on December 31, 2011.
As used herein, the term “tons” refers to metric tons of 1,000 kilograms (equal to 2,204.6 pounds) and the term “billion” refers to one thousand million (1,000,000,000). One square meter is equivalent to 10.764 square feet.
Market Data
This Annual Report contains certain statistical information regarding the Mexican chicken, beef, egg, balanced feed (or “feed”), turkey and swine markets and our market share. We have obtained this information from a variety of sources, including the producers’ associations Union Nacional de Avicultores (the National Poultry Union or the “UNA”), Consejo Nacional Agropecuario (the National Agricultural Council or “CNA”); Consejo Mexicano de Porcicultura (the Mexican Pork Council or “CMP”), as well as Banco de Mexico (the Central Bank), Secretaria de Agricultura, Ganaderia, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentos (“Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fishing and Food” or “SAGARPA”) and publications of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (“USDA”). The producers’ associations rely principally on data provided by their members. Information for which no source is cited was prepared by us on the basis of our knowledge of the Mexican chicken, egg, feed, turkey and swine markets and the wide variety of information available regarding these markets. The methodology and terminology used by different sources are not always consistent, and data from different sources are not readily comparable.
Forward-Looking Statements
We may from time to time make written or oral forward-looking statements in our periodic reports to the Securities and Exchange Commission (or “SEC”) on Forms 20-F and 6-K, in our annual report to stockholders, in offering circulars and prospectuses, in press releases and other written materials and in oral statements made by one of our officers, directors or employees to analysts, institutional investors, representatives of the media and others.
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Examples of such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: (i) projections of revenues, income (or loss), earnings (or loss) per share, capital expenditures, dividends, capital structure or other financial items or ratios; (ii) statements of our plans, objectives or goals or those of our management, including those relating to new contracts; (iii) statements about future economic performance; and (iv) statements of assumptions underlying such statements. Words such as “believe,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “expect,” “intend,” “target,” “estimate,” “project,” “predict,” “forecast,” “guideline,” “should” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements.
Forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties, and a number of unexpected changes could cause actual results to deviate from our plans, objectives, expectations, estimates and intentions. We recognize that the accuracy of our predictions and our ability to follow through on our intentions depend on factors beyond our control. The potential risks are many and varied, but include unexpected changes in: economic, weather and political conditions; raw material prices; competitive conditions; and demand for chicken, eggs, turkey, balanced feed, beef and swine.
PART I
ITEM 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers
Not applicable.
ITEM 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
Not applicable.
ITEM 3. Key Information
A. | Selected Financial Data |
The financial information set forth below is derived from our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements, which are included in Item 18. We provide details on the figures and year-to-year changes in our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.
In preparing our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements, we followed Mexican FRS, which differ in certain respects from U.S. GAAP. Note 23 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements provides a description of the main differences between Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP as they apply to us, a reconciliation from Mexican FRS to U.S. GAAP of total stockholders’ equity, net income, and a condensed statement of cash flows under U.S. GAAP as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 and for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009.
The table set below presents our key financial information. Except as otherwise indicated the amounts are presented in millions of nominal pesos for years ended December 31, 2008 through 2011, and in constant pesos for the year ended December 31, 2007.
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In millions of U.S. dollars | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income Statement Data | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2011 (1) | ||||||||||||||||||
Mexican FRS: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net revenues | Ps. | 18,219.6 | Ps. | 20,125.3 | Ps. | 23,262.9 | Ps. | 24,715.5 | Ps. | 27,735.0 | US. $ | 1,985.3 | ||||||||||||
Cost of sales | 14,477.9 | 17,482.5 | 19,326.8 | 19,500.7 | 24,773.2 | 1,773.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Gross profit | 3,741.8 | 2,642.9 | 3,936.1 | 5,214.8 | 2,961.8 | 212.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
Operating income | 1,496.3 | 230.1 | 1,413.8 | 2,463.0 | 9.9 | 0.7 | ||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive financing income (loss) | 19.1 | (1,369.2 | ) | (133.2 | ) | 122.1 | 177.6 | 12.7 | ||||||||||||||||
Net controlling interest income (loss) | 1,270.9 | (879.0 | ) | 797.6 | 1,983.4 | 157.0 | 11.2 | |||||||||||||||||
Net consolidated income (loss) per Share(2) | 2.1 | (1.5 | ) | 1.3 | 3.3 | 0.27 | 0.02 | |||||||||||||||||
Net consolidated income (loss) per ADS(3) | 25.4 | (17.5 | ) | 16.0 | 39.7 | 3.18 | 0.23 | |||||||||||||||||
Dividends per Share(4) | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.50 | 0.04 | ||||||||||||||||||
Weighted average Shares outstanding (thousands) | 600,000 | 600,000 | 600,000 | 600,000 | 600,000 | 600,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
U.S. GAAP: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net revenues | Ps. | 18,219.6 | Ps. | 20,125.3 | Ps. | 23,262.9 | Ps. | 24,715.5 | Ps. | 27,735.0 | 1,985.3 | |||||||||||||
Operating income | 1,481.0 | 185.6 | 1,391.0 | 2,400.3 | (8.5 | ) | (0.6 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Net controlling interest income (loss) | 1,261.9 | (869.4 | ) | 787.0 | 1,975.0 | 1,178.6 | 84.4 | |||||||||||||||||
Statement of Financial Position Data | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mexican FRS: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents(6) | Ps. | 3,039.9 | Ps. | 1,998.2 | Ps. | 2,399.1 | Ps. | 3,967.9 | Ps. | 2,625.7 | 188.0 | |||||||||||||
Primary financial instruments | 0.0 | 0.0 | 151.8 | 209.3 | 410.7 | 29.4 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total assets | 19,116.4 | 19,455.0 | 19,877.9 | 21,197.8 | 23,169.9 | 1,658.5 | ||||||||||||||||||
Short-term debt(5) | 58.8 | 234.2 | 591.9 | 139.9 | 1,453.0 | 104.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt | 50.8 | 391.7 | 372.0 | 507.1 | 384.4 | 27.5 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total stockholders’ equity | 15,127.2 | 14,079.4 | 14,638.5 | 16,368.4 | 16,269.1 | 1,164.6 | ||||||||||||||||||
Capital Stock | 2,294.9 | 2,294.9 | 2,294.9 | 2,294.9 | 2,294.9 | 164.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
U.S. GAAP: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total controlling interest equity | 15,071.7 | 13,786.7 | 14,329.2 | 16,052.8 | 17,017.4 | 1,218.1 | ||||||||||||||||||
Selected Operating Data | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sales volume (thousands of tons): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chicken | 837.2 | 878.1 | 918.1 | 983.9 | 1,072.7 | |||||||||||||||||||
Eggs | 147.8 | 143.6 | 143.4 | 141.9 | 133.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
Balanced Feed | 438.8 | 370.7 | 337.9 | 327.5 | 378.8 | |||||||||||||||||||
Swine and Others | 16.1 | 18.8 | 19.0 | 20.0 | 21.6 | |||||||||||||||||||
Margins (Mexican FRS) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross margin (%) | 20.5 | % | 13.1 | % | 16.9 | % | 21.1 | % | 10.7 | % | ||||||||||||||
Operating margin (%) | 8.2 | % | 1.1 | % | 6.1 | % | 10.0 | % | 0.0 | % | ||||||||||||||
Consolidated net margin (%) | 7.0 | % | (4.4 | )% | 3.5 | % | 8.0 | % | 0.6 | % | ||||||||||||||
Total employees | 23,088 | 23,248 | 24,065 | 23,473 | 25,326 |
(1) Peso amounts have been translated into U.S. dollars, solely for the convenience of the reader, at the rate of Ps.13.97 per U.S. dollar.
(2) Net income per share has been computed based on the weighted average number of common Shares outstanding.
(3) Each ADS represents twelve shares.
(4) Dividends per share have been computed by dividing the total amount of dividends paid by the weighted average Shares outstanding.
(5) Includes notes payable to banks and current portion of long-term debt.
(6) For the years 2007 and 2008 the cash and cash equivalents amount includes primary financial instruments.
The chart below includes Mexican gross domestic product (“GDP”) and Inflation Rate data from 2007 to 2011, as provided by the Central Bank, and the average interest rates on 28-day Mexican treasury bills (“CETES”), as provided by the Central Bank.
Year | GDP | Inflation Rate | CETES | |||||||||||
2007 | 3.3 | % | 3.80 | % | 7.2 | % | ||||||||
2008 | 1.3 | % | 6.50 | % | 7.6 | % | ||||||||
2009 | (6.5 | % | ) | 3.57 | % | 5.4 | % | |||||||
2010 | 5.5 | % | 4.40 | % | 4.4 | % | ||||||||
2011 | 3.9 | % | 3.82 | % | 4.3 | % | ||||||||
On April 17, 2012, the 28-day Cetes rate was 4.33%.
4 |
Exchange Rates
In 2007, the Mexican peso remained reasonably stable in its peso-dollar exchange rate. According to the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank, the peso depreciated with respect to the U.S. dollar by 1.1% at year-end. The average value of the Mexican peso was 0.2% lower than the average of 2006.
In 2008, the exchange rate of the peso against the U.S. dollar was highly volatile. While during the first half of the year, the Mexican peso strengthened its position with respect to the U.S. dollar, the Mexican peso experienced a steep depreciation during the second half of the year and the peso-dollar exchange rate at year-end had depreciated by 21.0% with respect to December 31, 2007.
During 2009, although the Mexican peso-dollar exchange rate depreciated during the first half of 2009, the peso stabilized and strengthened its position in the second half of 2009, leading the Mexican peso-dollar exchange rate to appreciate 5.4% in 2009 with respect to the exchange rate in effect on December 31, 2008.
In 2010, the Mexican peso strengthened its position during the year as compared to the dollar, appreciating approximately 5.3% since the end of 2009, while the inflation rate for 2010 was 4.40%.
During the first half of 2011, the exchange rate of the peso to the dollar was stable, showed an average rate of Ps.11.89 per one dollar. This stability changed drastically during the second half of the year, were we observed a higher average rate peso-dollar of Ps.12.97, with a final depreciation of 13.0% by the end of the year with respect to year-end of 2010.
The following table sets forth the high, low, average and year-end exchange rates for the purchase and sale of US dollars (presented in each case as the average between such purchase and sale rates) for periods indicated:
Exchange Rate(1) | ||||||||||||||||||
In Mexican pesos per U.S. dollar | ||||||||||||||||||
Yearly | High | Low | Average(2) | Year end | ||||||||||||||
2007 | 11.27 | 10.67 | 10.93 | 10.92 | ||||||||||||||
2008 | 13.94 | 9.92 | 11.14 | 13.83 | ||||||||||||||
2009 | 15.41 | 12.63 | 13.50 | 13.08 | ||||||||||||||
2010 | 13.19 | 12.16 | 12.62 | 12.38 | ||||||||||||||
2011 | 14.25 | 11.51 | 12.43 | 13.95 | (3) | |||||||||||||
Monthly | ||||||||||||||||||
October 2011 | 13.93 | 13.10 | 13.44 | 13.17 | ||||||||||||||
November 2011 | 14.25 | 13.38 | 13.70 | 13.62 | ||||||||||||||
December 2011 | 13.99 | 13.49 | 13.77 | 13.95 | ||||||||||||||
January 2012 | 13.75 | 12.93 | 13.38 | 13.04 | ||||||||||||||
February 2012 | 12.95 | 12.63 | 12.78 | 12.79 | ||||||||||||||
March 2012 | 12.99 | 12.63 | 12.75 | 12.81 |
(1) The exchange rates are the noon buying rates in New York City for cable transfers in pesos as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (the “noon buying rate”).
(2) Average of month-end rates for each period shown.
(3) The exchange rate for the year end for the Banco de Mexico was Ps.13.97 per one dollar.
On April 13, 2011, the exchange rate for cable transfers in pesos as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York was Ps.13.1460 per $1.00 US dollar.
5 |
B. | Capitalization and Indebtedness |
Not applicable
C. | Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds |
Not Applicable
D. | Risk Factors |
Risks Related to Economic Conditions
Mexican economic and other conditions, as well as economic and market conditions in other countries, may negatively affect our business, results of operations and the market value of our securities.
If the Mexican economy experiences decreased output in a recession, or if inflation or interest rates significantly increase, consumers may not be able to purchase our products. These and other effects could have adverse consequences on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
High interest rates in Mexico could adversely affect our costs. Our earnings may also be affected by changes in interest rates due to the impact those changes have on our variable-rate debt instruments and may benefit from the interest we earn on our cash balance.
Our market value (through the trading of our shares listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange (or “BMV”) and our American Depositary Shares (or “ADSs”), listed at the New York Stock Exchange (or “NYSE”), may be affected by economic and market conditions arising in any other countries. Even when economic conditions in such countries may differ significantly from economic conditions in Mexico, investors’ reactions to developments in any of these other countries may have an adverse effect on the Mexican securities. Consequently, the market value of our securities may be adversely affected by events taking place outside of Mexico.
Political events in México, including transition to a new presidential administration, could affect Mexican economic policy and our operations
In July 2012, we will have presidential elections. We cannot predict the impact of this event in future business conditions in México. Presidential elections may result in government gridlock and political uncertainty, which could have an adverse effect on Mexican economic policy and as a result, to affect our business, financial position and results of operations.
Depreciation or fluctuation of the peso relative to the U.S. dollar could adversely affect our financial conditions, results of operations and the market price of our shares and ADSs.
The largest component of our cost of sales is the balanced feed. The main components of the balanced feed are corn and soybean meal. We buy an important percentage of grains in the U.S., priced in U.S. dollars.
In addition, the price of grain we purchase in Mexico may be influenced by U.S. commodity markets.
In addition, severe devaluation or depreciation of the peso may also result in disruption of the international foreign exchange markets and may limit our ability to transfer or to convert pesos into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making timely payments of interest and principal on our indebtedness and some accounts payable.
6 |
Therefore, if the peso falls relative to the U.S. dollar, the cost of our balanced feed, some accounts payable due and our debt payments would increase.
Furthermore, currency fluctuations will probably continue to affect our revenues and expenses.
Finally, fluctuations in the exchange rate between the peso and the U.S. dollar will also affect the U.S. dollar equivalent of the peso price of our shares (the “shares” or “Serie B Shares”) in the BMV and the price of American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) on the NYSE.
Because we pay cash dividends in pesos, exchange rate fluctuations will affect the U.S. dollar amounts received by holders of American Depository Receipts (“ADRs”) upon conversion of such cash dividends by The Bank of New York Mellon, our Depositary Bank.
U.S. and Other Economies Worldwide
Events affecting the U.S. economy may adversely affect our business, results of operations, prospects financial condition and our market value.
Economic conditions in Mexico are heavily influenced by global economic conditions, mainly the U.S. economy. This is due to various factors, such as the commercial trade pursuant to the North American Free Trade Agreement (“NAFTA”). Events and conditions affecting the U.S. economy may adversely affect our business, results of operations, prospects and financial condition.
U.S. economy slowdown may also negatively affect the results of our U.S. operation, since the demand and prices of chicken product in U.S. market depends partially on the global economic growth.
Investor’s reactions to economic conditions present in other economies worldwide, even when economic conditions in those countries may differ significantly from economic conditions in Mexico, may have an adverse effect in our stock. Consequently, our market value may be adversely affected by current events in other countries.
Risks Relating to the Food Industry
Future cyclicality excess supply and downturns within the chicken industry may adversely affect our results.
The chicken industry in Mexico and the U.S., as well as the chicken industry in other countries, has been characterized by a long-term decline in prices in real terms. The industry has undergone cyclical periods of higher prices and profitability, followed by overproduction, leading to periods of lower prices and profitability. The market that we serve is subject to volatility with respect to supply, which affects prices. We cannot assure you that future cyclicality, excess supply and downturns in real prices will not adversely affect our results.
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Increase in the price of feed ingredients and its volatility may adversely affect or margins and results of operations
The largest single component of our cost of sales is the cost of ingredients used to prepare balanced feed, including: sorghum, soybean meal, corn, fish meal, meat meal and, for certain chicken products, marigold extract, among others.
The price of most of these raw materials is subject to significant volatility resulting from weather conditions, the size of harvests, governmental agricultural policies, currency exchange rates, transportation, storage costs, and other factors.
Given the long-term declining trends in real chicken prices, we may experience difficulty or delays in passing through any increase in grain costs to our customers. Accordingly, increases in the prices of the main raw materials used in the preparation of feed may have a material adverse effect on our margins and results of operations.
Furthermore, the cost of corn in the U.S. may be affected by an increase in the demand of ethanol, which can reduce the supply of corn in the U.S. market, adversely affecting our operations in the U.S.
Raising animals and meat processing involve animal health and disease control risks, which can have an adverse impact on our results of operations.
Our operations in Mexico and in the U.S. depend on raising animals and meat processing, which are subject to risks such as diseases and contamination.
Live chickens and swine are susceptible to infections by a variety of microbiological agents. In the past we have experienced outbreaks of various diseases that have resulted in higher mortality rates than our average mortality rates.
Chicken, turkey, beef and eggs are subject to contamination during processing or distribution. To reduce contamination, we use specialized feedstock and nutritional supplements that have been approved by the competent authorities and meet international industry standards, among some other measures. However, potential contamination during processing, however, could affect a larger number of our products, which may have a significant impact on our results.
Additionally, our sales are entirely dependent on consumer preferences, and the loss of consumer confidence in the products sold by meat and egg producers as a result of disease, contamination or other reasons, even if not related to our own products, could have a material adverse effect on the results of our operations.
Hurricanes or other adverse weather conditions may result in additional losses of inventory and damage to our plants and equipment.
Natural disasters could significantly damage our facilities. Our facilities in Mexico are susceptible mainly to earthquakes and hurricanes. Our facilities near Mexico’s coast are most vulnerable to the risk of severe weather. Our U.S. facilities are located in Arkansas and Oklahoma, a region vulnerable to being hit by tornadoes. Extensive damage to these facilities could affect our ability to conduct our regular production, as a result, reduce our operation results.
Increased competition may adversely affect our performance.
Both in Mexico and in the U.S. we face significant competition from other chicken producers in all of our geographic markets and product lines.
According to the UNA, we are Mexico’s largest chicken producer, but we face competition from other producers in all of the markets in which we sell our products. Each of the two other major chicken producers in Mexico has substantial financial resources and strengths in particular product lines and regions.
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Our operations in the U.S. face significant competition from other chicken producers in all of our geographic markets and product lines. According to the WATTPoultry USA ranking of U.S. poultry companies for 2010(©Copyright 2012 WATT Publishing Co. all rights reserved), our U.S. operations produced 2.1% of the total ready to cook pounds produced in the U.S. The top two companies in the U.S. produced 38.5% and the top ten produced 74.5%. Each of the top two companies in the U.S. has substantial financial resources and strengths in particular product lines and regions. We also face competition from other companies in the markets in which we sell our products.
We expect to continue to face strong competition in every market, as our existing or new competitors are likely to broaden their product lines and extend their geographic markets. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that our performance will not be adversely affected by increased competition.
Elimination of tariff barriers may adversely affect our performance
Since 2003, chicken (excluding leg quarters for which the Mexican government imposed some temporary restrictions), eggs and swine import quotas were eliminated through the NAFTA. Poultry producers in the United States have developed extremely low-cost production methods and have been successful in exporting primarily frozen and value-added poultry to other countries, especially in periods of overcapacity in the United States. As tariff barriers decline under NAFTA, U.S. producers can be expected to increase exports to Mexico, which could have a material adverse effect on our performance.
On January 1, 2008, the restrictions for leg quarters were phased out. At present there are no restrictions on exporting these products to Mexico.
In February 2011, the Mexican Secretaria of Economy initiated an antidumping investigation focusing exclusively on imports of leg and thigh meat for human consumption from the United States of America to Mexico. This investigation was requested by Bachoco and by two other Mexican poultry companies.
On January, 2012 the Mexican Ministry of Economy (or “Ministry of Economy”) issued a preliminary ruling on the anti-dumping process regarding chicken leg quarters imported to Mexico from the United States. On its press releases the Ministry of Economy stated the following:
· | There are dumping conditions on chicken leg quarters imported from the United States, including margins ranging from 62.90% to 129.77%. |
· | These practices damaged the Mexican poultry industry. |
· | The Ministry of Economy has all the elements for requiring anti-dumping duties, but did not proceed as the interested parties expressed the will to reach an agreement. |
· | The antidumping practices investigation process with regards to chicken leg-quarters price discrimination will continue. |
· | The Ministry agreed to establish a 30 business day period for the interested parties to provide additional arguments or elements deemed relevant to the investigation. |
As of the date of this report, we do not have any further information regarding this matter.
Risks Relating to Investors
The Robinson Bours family owns 82.75% of our total shares outstanding and their interests may differ from other security holders.
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The Robinson Bours family has established two Mexican trusts, which they control (“Control Trusts”), that together held 496,500,000 Shares outstanding as of December 31, 2011. With that percentage they hold the power to elect a majority of the members of our Board of Directors and have the power to determine the outcome of certain other actions requiring the approval of our stockholders, including whether or not dividends are to be paid and the amount of such dividends.
The prevailing market prices for the ADS’s and the Shares could decline if the Robinson Bours family sold substantial amounts of their Shares, whether directly, or indirectly, through the Mexican trusts through which they hold their Shares, or if the perception arose that such a sale could occur.
The market value of our securities may be affected by economic and market conditions prevailing in any other country, although economic conditions in such countries may differ significantly from economic conditions in Mexico, Investors’ reactions to developments in any of these other countries may have an adverse perception and consequently, the market value of our securities may be adversely affected by events elsewhere.
The protection afforded to minority stockholders in Mexico is different from that in the United States
Under Mexican law, the protection afforded to minority stockholders is different from those in the United States. In particular, the law concerning fiduciary duties of directors is not well developed, there is no procedure for class actions or stockholder derivative actions, and there are different procedural requirements for bringing stockholder lawsuits. As a result, in practice it may be more difficult for the minority stockholders of Bachoco to enforce their rights against us or our directors or our controlling stockholder than it would be for stockholders of a U.S. company.
Our bylaws restrict the ability of non-Mexican stockholders to invoke the protection of their governments with respect to their rights as stockholders
As required by Mexican law, our bylaws provide that non-Mexican stockholders shall be considered as Mexicans with respect to their ownership interests in Bachoco and shall be deemed to have agreed not to invoke the protection of their governments in certain circumstances. Under this provision, a non-Mexican stockholder is deemed to have agreed not to invoke the protection of its own government by asking such government to interpose a diplomatic claim against the Mexican government with respect to the stockholder’s rights as a stockholder, but is not deemed to have waived any other rights it may have, including any rights under the U.S. securities laws, with respect to its investment in Bachoco. If you invoke such governmental protection in violation of this agreement, your Shares could be forfeited to the Mexican government.
Our bylaws may only be enforced in Mexico
Our bylaws provide that legal actions relating to the execution, interpretation or performance of the bylaws may be brought only in Mexican courts. As a result, it may be difficult for non-Mexican stockholders to enforce their stockholder rights pursuant to the bylaws.
It may be difficult to enforce civil liabilities against us or our directors, officers and controlling persons
We are organized under the laws of Mexico, and most of our directors, officers and controlling persons reside outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to affect service of process within the United States on such persons or to enforce judgments against them. This pertains also to any action based on civil liabilities under the U.S. federal securities laws. There is doubt as to the enforceability against such persons in Mexico, whether in original actions or in actions to enforce judgments of U.S. courts, of liabilities based solely on the U.S. federal securities laws.
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Non-Mexican stockholders may not be entitled to participate in future preemptive rights offerings
Under Mexican law and our bylaws, if we issue new Shares for cash as part of a capital increase, we must grant our stockholders the right to purchase a sufficient number of Shares to maintain their existing ownership percentage in the Company (“preemptive rights”). We can allow holders of ADSs in the United States to exercise preemptive rights in any future capital increase only in one of the following two circumstances: (i) we file a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission with respect to that future issuance of Shares; or (ii) the offering qualifies for an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act.
We make no promises that we will file a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission to allow holders of ADSs in the United States to participate in a preemptive rights offering. As a result, the equity interests of such holders in the Company may be diluted proportionately. In addition, under current Mexican law, it is not practicable for the depositary to sell preemptive rights and distribute the proceeds from such sales to ADS holders.
Corporate disclosure and accounting in Mexico may differ from other countries
There may be less, or different, publicly available information about issuers of securities in Mexico than is regularly published by or about issuers of securities in other countries with highly developed capital markets. In addition, due to country-by-country differences in accounting and other reporting principles and standards, our corporate disclosures may differ in content from disclosures made under other principles and standards, such as U.S. GAAP. However, we adopted IFRS starting January 1, 2012.
ITEM 4. Information of the Company
A. | History and Development of the Company |
Our legal name is Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V., and we frequently refer to ourselves commercially as Bachoco. We are a holding company, and our principal operating subsidiary is Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. We were incorporated in Mexico on April 17, 1980 under the laws of the United Mexican States (“Mexico”.)
Our headquarters are located at Avenida Tecnologico No. 401, Ciudad Industrial 38010, Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico, telephone +52(461) 6183500 and +52(461) 6183555. Our main product lines are: chicken, table egg, balanced feed.
We have production facilities and sales in México and, more recently, in the U.S. Until November 2011, our business and sales were domestic, with a very small portion of exports to Asia. Now with the integration of the new business of O.K. Industries, Inc. (or “O.K. Industries”), we are now also present in the U.S. market, with sales of chicken products under the O.K. brand.
Our current investor relations agent since July 1, 2011 in the United States is I-adize Corporate Communications, located at 82 Wall Street, Suite 805 in New York, New York.
Important events in the development of the Company’s business
We were founded in 1952. It has grown from a small commercial table egg operation in the state of Sonora, to be a vertically integrated Company and the leader poultry company in Mexico and we believe one of the most important poultry companies worldwide.
In 1963, we started operations in the cities of Navojoa, Los Mochis and Culiacan, producing just table eggs. In 1971, we commenced the production of chicken in the operation facility in the city of Culiacan.
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In 1974, we established a new complex in Celaya, a city located in the agricultural region of central Mexico. Our products were widely accepted in that region, which led us to open offices and distribution centers in Mexico City.
Our management recognized the potential for growth in Mexican chicken consumption, as well as the advantages of a large, vertically integrated company; as a result, we began to seek opportunities for geographic expansion and to increase production capacity and market.
In 1993, we moved out headquarters from the Obregon to Celaya city, and opened a new complex in the city of Techamalco, in the Southeast of Mexico.
In 1994, we continued expanding our coverage, this time with a new complex in Lagos de Moreno city, in the Western Mexico. By 1994, we had four productive complexes strategically located throughout Mexico and an important presence in the Mexican poultry market share.
In September 1997, we began trading on the BMV and on the NYSE, with 600 million shares outstanding and a free float of 17.25%, the remaining 82.75% is held since that year by the Robinson Bours Family though the Control trusts.
Furthermore, in December, 1999, we acquired Campi. With this acquisition we entered the chicken market in the South of Mexico, starting a new business line selling balanced feed to third parties. In 2001, we established our sixth productive complex in Gomez Palacio city, located in the Northeast of Mexico.
In December 2006, we acquired most of the assets and inventories of Del Mezquital to start a new complex in Hermosillo city, located in Northern Mexico, close to the border with the United States. In 2007, through a business agreement with Grupo Libra and Grupo Agra we entered in a new business, the sales of turkey and beef value added products, and increased our production capacity of table eggs. Both Companies are located in Northeast Mexico.
In 2009, we made diverse business agreements with a companies located at the Northeast of Mexico; to improve capacity and efficiency in our Northeast production complex headquartered in Monterrey, we; (i) acquired the assets of a balanced feed mill and a soybean processing plant from Productora de Alimentos Pecuarios de Nuevo Leon (ii) acquired the assets of a chicken processing plant from Avi Carnes Monterrey (iii) entered into agreements to rent breeder farms and egg incubation plants from Reproductoras Asociadas, and one-day-old breeder capacity farms and egg incubation plants from Produccion Avicola Especializada; and (iv) made arrangements with contract growers to acquire their inventories.
In 2011, the Company carried out two acquisitions: In August 20, 2011, we acquired Trosi de Carnes, S.A. (“Trosi”) business; this facility is located in Monterrey, Nuevo Leon in Northern Mexico. Trosi produces and sells processed beef and chicken. With this acquisition we expect to increase our sales of beef value added products.
On November 1, 2011, the Company entered the U.S. market and increased its export business with the acquisition of the American poultry company, O.K. Industries, Inc. this company accounts with operations across the River Valley area in Arkansas and Oklahoma. It supplies grocery retailers, food service distributors and commodity customers throughout the U.S. as well as foreign markets.
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In December 2011, the Company carried out a transaction to buy certain property assets of Mercantil Agropecuaria Coromuel, S.A. de C.V.(or “MACSA”), with which, the Company entered in the State of Baja California in Mexico, with 3 distributions centers.
Capital Expenditures
Over the past three years, we have financed our capital expenditures with resources generated by our operations.
In 2009, we made capital expenditures of Ps. 944.1 million, with which we entered into two main projects: (i) increased chicken production capacity in Chiapas, Sonora and Yucatán, and updated our transportation fleet (ii) improved production capacity in the Monterrey Complex.
In 2010, we made capital expenditures of Ps. 517.3 million, with which we increased capacity for live chicken in Merida and Tecamachalco facilities; increased egg production capacity in the Mexicali facility; conducted productivity projects in the Tecamachalco and Merida processing plants, as well as adjusted production process to export requirements for the export of chicken claws to Asia; and updated our transportation fleet.
In 2011, we made capital expenditures of Ps. 707.5 million, to implement new technologies in the processing plants located in Coatzacoalcos, Culiacan and Celaya. In Celaya we built a water treatment plant and, we also updated our transportation fleet.
B. | Business Overview |
Description of the Company
We are a vertically integrated Company dedicated to the production and commercialization of chicken, table eggs, balanced feed, swine and value added products of turkey and beef in Mexico. Recently in November 2011, we entered the U.S. chicken market. We have had no material changes with product development or production in the recent years.
In million of Mexican pesos, for year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
Sales Breakdown | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | |||||||||
Chicken | Ps. | 18,211.1 | Ps. | 20,127.7 | Ps. | 22,611.2 | ||||||
In Mexico | 18,211.1 | 20,127.7 | 21,232.4 | |||||||||
In the U.S. (1) | - | - | 1,378.8 | |||||||||
Table eggs | 2,356.8 | 2,101.8 | 2,085.9 | |||||||||
Balanced feed | 1,465.6 | 1,380.8 | 1,853.2 | |||||||||
Swine and other business lines | 1,229.4 | 1,105.2 | 1,184.7 | |||||||||
Net revenues | Ps. | 23,262.9 | Ps. | 24,715.5 | Ps. | 27,735.0 |
(1 ) Includes only sales subsequent to the acquisition of O.K. Industries.
Chicken Business Line
We basically compete in two different markets: the Mexican and the U.S. chicken markets.
The Characteristics of Mexican Chicken Market and Competition
Mexico is the fifth largest producer of poultry worldwide. Fresh chicken is the leading meat consumed in Mexico. According to the UNA, for 2011 the annual per capital consumption of chicken was an estimated of 25.6 kilograms. Chicken is a central ingredient in many traditional Mexican dishes. Differently than in the U.S. chicken industry, value-added chicken products, such as heat-and-serve products, frozen dinners, chicken nuggets and other similar foods, have found limited acceptance among Mexican consumers due to historical consumer preferences for fresh chicken. Mexican consumers traditionally prefer chicken with pronounced yellow skin pigmentation.
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Based on market demand, fresh chicken rather than frozen will continue to be a preference within the Mexican market. Furthermore, we believe that consumer demand for value-added fresh chicken products, such as rotisserie chicken, supermarket broilers and chicken parts, will increase over time. Accordingly, we continue to focus primarily on producing fresh chicken, including value-added fresh chicken products.
According to the UNA, we are Mexico’s largest chicken producer; In 2011 we produced 35.0% of the total chicken produced in Mexico. We face significant competition from other producers in all of the markets in which we sell our chicken products. When combined with our two largest vertically integrated competitors in Mexico, we account for approximately 59.0% of total Mexican poultry production; the remaining 41.0% is distributed among approximately 179 small and medium-sized integrated and non-integrated producers.
The three major poultry producers in Mexico, including Bachoco, have substantial cost advantages and financial resources over smaller, non-integrated producers arising from economies of scale and control of feed preparation. We believe, however, that we have substantial competitive strengths over our competitors, including a broader range of chicken products and broader geographic coverage.
Furthermore, there are considerable barriers to entry into large-scale chicken production and distribution in Mexico, including, among others, the consumer preference for fresh chicken, the weaknesses of the transportation infrastructure and varying regional consumer preferences among the various product categories. The channels for distribution of chicken products, in particular, are highly specialized and varied, and they call for in-depth experience in market practices.
Poultry producers in the United States have developed low-cost production techniques and have been successful in exporting primarily frozen and value-added poultry to other countries, especially in periods of overcapacity in the United States. As tariff barriers have declined under NAFTA since 2008, we have experienced increased competition from U.S. poultry producers. According to the UNA, in 2011, total imports of chicken products increased 8.1% in volume over imports in 2010, 77.6% of the total imports were chicken leg quarter. This increase was due to lower price levels in the U.S. and other foreign markets. Chicken imports from the U.S. have increased around 52.6% since restrictions for leg quarters imports were phased out in January 2008.
The chicken industry worldwide is characterized by a long-term decline in real prices in real terms in conjunction with cyclical periods of higher profitability leading to overproduction followed by periods of lower prices and lower profitability.
Chicken products in Mexico are classified into six main categories: live, public market, rotisserie, supermarket broiler, chicken parts and value-added products. Bachoco operates in all these categories. A brief description of each category is provided as follows:
- | Live chicken is delivered alive to small independent slaughtering operations or to wholesalers that contract with independent slaughtering operations for processing. The freshly slaughtered chicken is then sold to chicken shops and other specialized retailers for sale to consumers and in some areas is sold directly to consumers by the slaughterhouse. |
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- | Public market chicken is a whole broiler presented either uneviscerated or eviscerated, generally sold within 48 hours after slaughter in public markets throughout Mexico, but primarily concentrated in the Mexico City metropolitan region. |
- | Rotisserie chicken is a whole broiler presented eviscerated and ready to cook. Rotisserie chicken is sold by wholesalers and directly by producers to small shops, stands called rosticerias and supermarkets, which cook the chicken and sell it whole and freshly cooked to the end-consumer, providing an economical form of fast-food. |
- | Supermarket chicken is a fresh whole broiler presented with the edible viscera packed separately. In most cases, it is sold directly by producers to supermarkets and, in some regions, to other independent food shops. Mexican consumers’ preference for freshness requires regular deliveries of chicken to supermarkets and other food shops. |
- | Chicken parts refers to cut-up fresh chicken parts sold wrapped in trays or in bulk principally to supermarket chains, the fast-food industry and other institutional food-service providers. Producers generally sell directly to the supermarket chains and deliver the chicken directly to the outlet. Sales to the institutional market often require customized cutting and presentation. |
- | Value-added Products refers mainly to cut up fresh chicken parts with value-added treatment like marinating, breading and individual quantity frozen, sold mainly wrapped in trays principally to supermarkets and other institutional chains. Producers generally sell directly to the supermarket chains and deliver the chicken directly to the store. Sales to the institutional market often require customized cutting and presentation. |
Chicken volume sold by category in the Mexican industry and by Company in 2009:
Category | Industry s/volume (1) | Bachoco s/volume | Bachoco s/sales | |||||||||
Live | 29 | % | 31 | % | 24 | % | ||||||
Public market | 20 | % | 16 | % | 15 | % | ||||||
Rotisserie | 26 | % | 30 | % | 30 | % | ||||||
Supermarket | 14 | % | 6 | % | 6 | % | ||||||
Chicken parts | 8 | % | 11 | % | 16 | % | ||||||
Value-added products | 3 | % | 6 | % | 9 | % |
(1) According with the UNA in Mexico
Chicken volume sold by category in the Mexican industry and by Company in 2010:
Category | Industry s/volume (1) | Bachoco s/volume | Bachoco s/sales | |||||||||
Live | 31 | % | 34 | % | 28 | % | ||||||
Public market | 20 | % | 14 | % | 14 | % | ||||||
Rotisserie | 24 | % | 28 | % | 28 | % | ||||||
Supermarket | 15 | % | 6 | % | 6 | % | ||||||
Chicken parts | 7 | % | 12 | % | 15 | % | ||||||
Value-added products | 3 | % | 6 | % | 9 | % |
(1) According with the UNA in Mexico
Chicken volume sold by category in the Mexican industry and by Company in 2011:
Category | Industry s/volume (1) | Bachoco s/volume | Bachoco s/sales | |||||||||
Live | 33 | % | 36 | % | 29 | % | ||||||
Public market | 20 | % | 14 | % | 14 | % | ||||||
Rotisserie | 26 | % | 27 | % | 27 | % | ||||||
Supermarket | 12 | % | 5 | % | 5 | % | ||||||
Chicken parts | 6 | % | 12 | % | 16 | % | ||||||
Value-added products | 3 | % | 6 | % | 9 | % |
(1) According with the UNA in Mexico
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The U.S. Chicken Market Description
Chicken is the most popular meat produced in the United States. In 2011, the total meat production in the U.S. was 42.1 million tons. U.S. production of chicken meat was 16.9 million tons or 40.2% of the total U.S. meat production. The U.S. broiler industry exported 3.1 million tons of chicken or 18.4% of the total U.S. production.
On a retail weight basis U.S. per capita consumption of chicken is estimated to be 37.8 kilograms. Most of the chicken produced in the U.S. is sold in either a cut-up or a further processed form. Only 10.9% is sold in whole-bird form, with or without giblets, and 8.8% is cut up into 8 or 9 pieces for the KFC-type (Kentucky Fried Chicken) market. A further 51.5% is sold as bone-in pieces, primarily parts, by supermarkets or as leg quarters for export markets. Finally 28.8% of production is represented by deboned breast and dark meat for value added further processed meat.
Over the last thirty years the industry has experienced a constant trend toward greater integration and consolidation between companies. In 1980, the five largest companies in the industry processed 30.5% of all birds produced. In 2010, the five largest companies processed 59.6% of all birds processed. The pace of consolidation has slowed in recent years due to economic difficulties associated with higher ingredient costs. However since 2009, there has been significant investment by overseas poultry companies in U.S. broiler production and these companies now own approximately the 36% of U.S. production capacity.
Bachoco’s Chicken Marketing and Distribution
As previously stated, we operate in all of the six chicken categories; our product mix varies from region to region, reflecting different consumption and distribution patterns.
We have developed an extensive distribution system. We use various distribution channels in every major product category to service different market segments.
- | Live chicken. We sell live chicken primarily to wholesalers, which contract out the processing to independent slaughterhouses and then resell the processed product as public market chicken. To a lesser extent, we sell to small, independent slaughterhouses in the southeast, where live chicken continues to be the standard for consumption. Additionally, customers can purchase live chicken directly from our farms. |
- | Public market chicken. Most of our wholesale customers rely primarily on us for public market chicken, although we have no exclusive supply agreements. Our principal focus in this market has been to provide superior distribution and service to selected wholesalers in order to maintain and further develop loyalty. Public market chicken is ordinarily sold to consumers without any packaging or other identification of the producer, but our distribution system encourages wholesalers to sell to retailers in containers from our own “Bachoco” trailers, reinforcing our reputation for freshness and efficiency of service and fostering brand loyalty among retailers. We believe we have developed excellent relationships with the wholesalers we serve. |
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- | Rotisserie chicken. We sell rotisserie chicken directly to rosticerias and supermarkets. We believe this market will continue to grow, as in the past, because of an ever-increasing consumer demand for convenient, low-priced products and high-quality fast food. Success in supplying rotisserie chicken depends on consistency and good service, and only larger producers with more modern processing facilities and distribution capacity can compete in this market. |
- | Supermarket chicken. We sell supermarket broilers, directly to the principal supermarkets, convenience store chains and wholesale clubs in Mexico. In order to build consumer loyalty, we emphasize our brand image as well as our superior service, reinforced by frequent delivery to ensure freshness. Each chain negotiates purchases centrally, but we deliver directly to many points of sale, ordinarily at least once every 48 hours. We believe that we lead the market in frequency of deliveries to supermarkets. |
- | Chicken parts. We sell chicken parts principally to supermarkets, using the same marketing strategy that we use for supermarket broiler chicken. We are also an important supplier of chicken parts to the growing franchise fast-food and institutional food-service industries. We continue to develop custom-cutting processes to help meet demand from fast-food and institutional customers for a wider variety of chicken parts. |
- | Value-added products. The potential growth in these products’ market is large and we believe that our distribution network, our market share in the supermarket segment, our brand name and our experience in a wide range of existing Mexican distribution channels will be important competitive strengths in this products. The Company is constantly developing new, convenient value-added products. |
We use our own fleet to transport the majority of rotisserie chickens, supermarket broilers and other chicken products to our customers in Mexico. We try to cooperate with existing distribution channels and do not compete with wholesale distributors, except in areas where we supply our own distribution capacity where needed for market penetration.
We distribute products from our processing plants located in: Celaya, Culiacan, Tecamachalco, Lagos de Moreno, Coatzacoalcos, Merida, Gomez Palacio, Monterrey and Hermosillo to our cold-storage facilities and warehouses, which serve as a midpoint in distribution to wholesalers and local customers. From our cold-storage facilities, we service wholesalers (who in turn deliver to their customers), retailers and transport certain products directly to supermarkets and food-service operations. Our distribution infrastructure includes 63 cold-storage warehouses and facilities and a large fleet of vehicles. The decentralized sales force permits us to remain attuned to developments in the regions we serve and to develop close relationships with customers.
Table Eggs Business Line
The Mexican Table Eggs Market and Competition
According to the UNA, Mexico has the largest per capita consumption of table eggs in the world with 22.4 kilograms per capita consumed in 2011. We believe this level of consumption is due in part to the fact that eggs are among the cheapest sources of protein in Mexico.
The Mexican table egg industry is more fragmented than the chicken industry. According to the UNA, in 2010 the nine largest producers of table eggs in Mexico account for approximately 44.0% of the market.
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We estimate that we are the second largest producer of table eggs in Mexico, in 2011, we produced 5.2% of the total eggs produced in Mexico. We sell both brown and white eggs. We estimate that we are the largest producer of brown eggs in Mexico. Our marketing efforts for egg products focus on increasing our brand recognition.
Table eggs in Mexico are classified in three main categories: bulk, packaged and processed.
- | Bulk. Distributed in large 360 egg cases through wholesalers to retailers. The retailers, which are typically small grocery shops, sell the eggs by weight to consumers. |
- | Packaged. Branded packages of mainly 12, 18 or 24 eggs. Packaged eggs are less vulnerable to price fluctuations and are mainly sold through supermarkets. |
- | Processed. Liquid or powdery eggs used mainly by the bakery industry. Bachoco does not participate in this market. |
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The tables below sets forth the volume of the table eggs sold within the Mexican industry and volume and sales, recorded by us for each year indicated,
In 2009, the volume sold by table eggs category in the Mexican industry and in the Company was:
Category | Industry s/volume (1) | Bachoco s/volume | Bachoco s/sales | |||||||||||
Bulk | 80 | % | 45 | % | 36 | % | ||||||||
Package | 15 | % | 55 | % | 64 | % | ||||||||
Processed | 5 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % |
(1) Source: UNA
In 2010, the volume sold by table eggs category in the Mexican industry and in the Company was:
Category | Industry s/volume (1) | Bachoco s/volume | Bachoco s/sales | |||||||||||
Bulk | 80 | % | 47 | % | 41 | % | ||||||||
Package | 14 | % | 53 | % | 59 | % | ||||||||
Processed | 6 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % |
(1) Source: UNA
In 2011, the volume sold by table eggs category in the Mexican industry and in the Company was:
Category | Industry s/volume (1) | Bachoco s/volume | Bachoco s/sales | |||||||||||
Bulk | 80 | % | 45 | % | 34 | % | ||||||||
Package | 14 | % | 55 | % | 66 | % | ||||||||
Processed | 6 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % |
(1) Source: UNA
Bachoco’s Marketing and Distribution of Table Eggs
The branded carton of brown eggs is a premium product in the Mexican market, because consumers perceive them to be of higher quality. Brown eggs command a small premium over white eggs.
In some regions, however, we have reallocated part of our production from brown eggs to white eggs due to local market preferences. Our marketing strategy in the eggs business is to gradually move from bulk to packaged white eggs. Packaged eggs are less vulnerable to price fluctuation and create brand loyalty.
We have designed our egg distribution system to transport eggs from our laying farms at Celaya, Los Mochis, Obregon, Mexicali, Tecamachalco, Merida, Saltillo and La Laguna regions to customers in all sales regions. We sell packaged eggs directly to all of the principal supermarket chains in Mexico, with daily deliveries directly to their outlets. Our marketing strategy for this business line is to lead sales of package branded eggs.
Balanced Feed Business Line
The Mexican Balanced Feed Market and Competition
According to the Consejo Nacional de Fabricantes de Alimento Balanceado y de la Nutricion Animal, A.C. (or ”CONAFAB”) Mexico is among the ten biggest producers of balanced feed worldwide. In 2010, total production of balanced feed in Mexico was 28.1 million tones, representing a cumulative increase of 5.8% from 2007 to 2010. CONAFAB estimates that Mexican production of balanced feed for 2011 will be 29.4 million tons, and Mexico will account with 420 feed mill plants and a production capacity of 35 million tons.
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Local production is composed of commercial and integrated manufacturers. Commercial manufacturers produce for the market, while integrated manufacturers mostly produce for themselves and occasionally for other producers. In 2010, integrated producers accounted for approximately 63.0% of total production. Imports of feed come almost entirely from the United States.
We estimate our market share in the balanced feed product line is approximately 3.1%.
Bachoco’s Marketing and Distribution of Balance Feed
We have benefited from economies of scale and synergies derived from producing feed both for our own internal consumption and for sale to third parties, we sell mainly to small livestock producers and through a network of small distributors located mainly in central and southern Mexico. Currently, we have 4 feed plants dedicated to producing balanced feed to third parties.
We estimate that in 2010, our balanced feed business comprised approximately 3.1% of the market share of the commercial (non-integrated) balanced feed business in Mexico, a small reduction from the 3.4% market share in 2009. The decrease in our balanced feed sales volume is due to a reduction in our production levels as we improve our sales mix.
Other Business Lines
This item comprises sales of swine and turkey and beef value-added products. The Company sells live swine to small packers.
We purchase breeder swine live from the United States and breed them at facilities in the state of Sonora. We then raise swine to maturity at our farms in Celaya and three other locations in Mexico. Mature swine is sold on the hoof to Mexican swine meat packers for the production of pork products.
The Mexican swine industry is highly fragmented and our market share within this market is not significant.
The Mexican market of turkey and beef value-added products is a small but one with a large growth potential.
In 2007, we entered into two new product lines: turkey and value-added beef and pork products. We do not raise either turkey or cattle; we only process these products.
Each of these business lines represented less 1.0% of our total sales. However, we see opportunities to grow these businesses by taking advantage of our distribution network.
Seasonality of Our Company
Our sales are moderately seasonal in Mexico, with the highest levels of sales, in general, in the second and fourth quarters due to higher chicken consumption during the holiday season. As for our sales in the U.S., there is slightly less seasonality but breast meat prices are typically higher in the second and third quarters and wings are more in demand in the fourth and first quarters.
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Main Raw Materials
We purchase our breeding stock for broilers and layers from high-quality suppliers. All of our breeder swine currently come from one supplier, but we have changed suppliers from time to time and have numerous alternative sources of supply.
The largest single component of our cost of sales is the cost of ingredients used to prepare balanced feed, including: sorghum, soybean meal, corn, fish meal, meat meal and, for certain chicken products, marigold extract, among some others.
The price of these ingredients is subject to significant volatility resulting from weather, the size of harvests, transportation and storage costs, governmental agricultural policies, currency exchange rates and other factors. To reduce the potential adverse effect of grain price fluctuations, we vary the composition of our feed to take advantage of current market prices for the various types of ingredients used.
Under NAFTA, corn tariffs were eliminated on January 1, 2008. This new condition has been positive for the Company, allowing us more flexibility in our cost of production as the cost of our ingredients more closely tracks prices in the international commodity markets.
To mitigate the effects of increases in grain prices, we are always seeking lower-cost feed ingredients from Mexican sources when available. The use of local feed ingredients allows us to save on transportation costs and import duties. However, because southern Mexico domestic crops and feed ingredients are limited in some cases our complexes use imported grain.
In 2011, we bought approximately 44.6% of our total grain in the domestic market and the rest from the U.S. We believe that the quality of local feed ingredients, particularly sorghum, is superior to that of imported feed ingredients. The Company engages in hedging of its feed costs in order to assure more stable cost of grains.
Mexican Regulation
Mexican Import Regulation
As required by NAFTA, the Mexican government eliminated all permanent quotas and tariffs on poultry, table eggs and swine in January 2003. With certain specific exceptions described below, there are now no quotas or tariffs on imports of poultry, eggs and swine from the United States. We expect the elimination of these trade protections to stabilize the level of imports over time and to permit improved private control over imports, which may result in increased competition from importers.
Effective January 1, 2008, there is a free chicken market between Mexico and the U.S. This allows U.S. producers to export any amount of chicken leg quarters free of tariffs to Mexico.
In addition to NAFTA, Mexico has entered into free trade agreements with several other countries including Chile, Bolivia, Colombia, Venezuela and Japan and the European Union. Although such agreements may result in lower tariffs over our own products, we believe that imports from such countries will not increase substantially in the future due to high transportation and distribution costs.
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Antitrust Regulations
The Ley Federal de Competencia Economica (“Mexican Economic Competition Law”), which took effect on June 22, 1993, regulates monopolies and monopolistic practices. Under this law, all companies (including Bachoco) are required to notify the Comision Federal de Competencia (“Federal Competition Commission”) of all proposed transactions exceeding specified threshold amounts as set forth in the Mexican Economic Competition Law. The Federal Competition Commission can impose conditions on, and prevent or unwind, any such transactions by Mexican companies. We have complied with all requirements under this law.
In December 2009, Mexico’s Federal Commission of Economic Competition published a notice announcing an investigation of the Mexican poultry sector regarding possible monopolistic business practices. No specific companies have been cited as conducting business in this manner. We, along with other companies, were required to provide information to the commission.
In 2010 and 2011 the Federal Commission of Economic Competition continued with the investigation and requested information from several poultry companies. As of the date of this document we have not received further comments from this investigation.
Environmental and Sanitary Regulation
Our operations are subject to Mexican federal and state laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. The principal laws are Ley General de Equilibrio Ecologico y Proteccion Ambiental (General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection) and Ley de Aguas Nacionales (National Waters Law). The Secretaria del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources or “Semarnat”) administers the Environmental Law, and Comision Nacional del Agua (“National Water Commission”) administers the National Waters Law.
The Environmental Law regulates water pollution, air pollution, noise control and hazardous substances. Semarnat can bring administrative and criminal proceedings against companies that violate environmental laws, and after certain administrative procedures, it also has the power to close non-complying facilities. Every company in Mexico is required to provide Semarnat with periodic reports regarding compliance with the Environmental Law and the regulations thereunder.
The level of environmental regulation in Mexico has increased every year, and enforcement of the law is improving. We expect this trend to continue and to intensify with international agreements between Mexico and the United States.
In particular, Mexican environmental laws set forth standards for water discharge that are applicable to poultry processing operations. Our processing plants have water treatment facilities that comply with Mexican environmental standards. We are implementing other investment projects in anticipation of stricter environmental requirements in the future. We do not expect that compliance with those Mexican federal environmental laws or Mexican state environmental laws will have a material effect on our financial condition or performance.
In 2008; the Company voluntarily entered in an audit program through the Office of Environmental Protection (“Propaeg”) of the Government of Guanajuato. As a result, in October 2011, the Company invested over Ps. 52.0 million in the building of water-treatment plant for its poultry processing plant located in Celaya, Guanajuato. On February 29, 2012, the Company received the Certificate “Clean Company” delivered by Propaeg.
This Certificate confirms that the Company meets all environmental standards on its production processes and that is friendly to the environment. Thus, this certification is a clear example of the Company’s environmental commitment with the community and the in general with the country.
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The production, distribution and sale of chicken, eggs and swine are subject to Mexican federal and state sanitary regulations. The principal legislation is Ley General de Salud (“General Health Law”) and Ley Federal de Sanidad Animal (“Federal Animal Health Law”). The Federal Animal Health Law was enacted in 1993, and, since then, we have been working closely with Mexican authorities to develop regulatory standards and inspection methods for chicken processing. Currently, Mexican authorities do not monitor production or inspect products to the same degree as sanitary authorities in other countries, such as the USDA in the United States. However, we believe that we are in compliance with all applicable sanitary regulations.
U.S. Regulations
In our U.S. operations we are subject to regulations from federal agencies such as the USDA, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (or “FDA”), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (or “EPA”), the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (or “DHS”), and the U.S. Department of Labor (or “DOL”),as well as state regulatory agencies in the states where we conduct business. Our U.S. subsidiary is in compliance with all current regulations and constantly monitors for any changes in those regulations.
C. | Organizational Structure |
Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B de C.V. is a holding company with no operations other than holding the stock of its subsidiaries, most of which are incorporated in Mexico. Our principal operating subsidiary is BSACV, which owns our principal operating assets, and which accounted for 81.37% of consolidated total assets as of December 31, 2011, and 85.5% of our consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2011. All of our subsidiaries are directly owned by us in the percentage listed below.
The following table shows our main subsidiaries as of December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011:
Percentage equity interest | ||||||||
Country | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | |||||
Aviser, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | 100 | 100 | 100 | ||||
Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | 100 | 100 | 100 | ||||
Bachoco Comercial, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | 100 | 100 | 100 | ||||
Campi Alimentos, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | 100 | 100 | 100 | ||||
Huevo y Derivados, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | 97 | - | - | ||||
Operadora de Servicios de Personal, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | 100 | 100 | 100 | ||||
Pecuarius Laboratorios, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | 64 | 64 | 64 | ||||
Secba, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | 100 | 100 | 100 | ||||
Sepetec, S. A. de C.V. | Mexico | 100 | 100 | 100 | ||||
Servicios de Personal Administrativo, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | 100 | 100 | 100 | ||||
Induba Pavos, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | 100 | 100 | 100 | ||||
O.K. Industries Inc. and Subsidiaries | U.S. | - | - | 100 |
In 2009, Acuícola Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. merged with Campi Alimentos, S.A. de C.V.
O.K. Industries was acquired in November 2011. It includes 4 subsidiaries which it controls; in 3 of them O.K. Industries holds the 100% of their shares and in the last one it holds the 85% of the shares.
For more information, please read Note 2-a) of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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D. | Property, Plant and Equipment |
The following table indicates production facilities and the number of each type of facility both in Mexico and the U.S., as of March 31, 2012:
Bachoco production facilities | In Mexico | In the U.S. | ||||||
Chicken breeding farms | 171 | 93 | ||||||
Broiler grow-out farms | 518 | 336 | ||||||
Broiler processing plants | 9 | 2 | ||||||
Hatchery | 21 | 3 | ||||||
Egg production farms | 91 | - | ||||||
Swine breeding farms | 1 | - | ||||||
Swine grow-out farms | 10 | - | ||||||
Feed mills | 18 | 2 | ||||||
Further process plants | 4 | 2 |
Mexico Facilities
In Mexico, our facilities are grouped in nine complexes that mainly include farms, feed mills, incubation and processing plants, and distribution centers. These complexes are located in the cities of Culiacan, Monterrey, Hermosillo, Gomez Palacios, Lagos de Moreno, Celaya, Tecamachalco, Coatzacoalcos, and Merida. Our nine processing plants process around 10 million chickens per week. The Celaya complex is the largest of our complexes in México, and it is also where our headquarters are located.
We also account with more than 800 production facilities (most of which are farms), and 63 distribution centers that are located throughout Mexico, to ensure freshness and minimize transportation time and costs.
Additionally, there are small egg production farms at Los Mochis, Ciudad Obregon, Puebla and Mexicali, and swine production is based in the cities of Los Mochis, Ciudad Obregon and Celaya.
Four of the eighteen feed mills plants are dedicated to produce balance feed to sales to third parties and the remaining fourteen are dedicated mainly to internal consumption.
We own other facilities, including two poultry manure-processing plants. We also own a laboratory that produces vaccines for the poultry industry, which we mainly use for internal purposes.
We own most of our facilities, and lease a limited number of farms and sales centers, all of which we do not consider material. We also employ a network of contract growers.
Our fleet of trucks transport day-old chickens from egg incubation plants to farms, part of the feed from feed mills to farms, live chickens from farms to processing plants, products from the processing plants to distribution centers and in some cases directly to some customers, eggs from farms to distribution centers and, ultimately, products from distribution centers to customers.
Expansion, Construction or Issues Related with Our Facilities
On April 13, 2008, our processing plant in Monterrey caught fire. While the fire destroyed the entire further processing area, our broiler production processing did not suffer any damage and continued operating under nearly normal conditions until 2009. In 2009, the Company closed this facility and moved the broiler production processing to a new facility in the same city of Monterrey.
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In April 2010, the table eggs operation located in Mexicali, B.C. was affected by an earthquake that hit northwestern Mexico on April 4. The earthquake partially affected almost all of the farms located in this region, including our farm. Our affected farm represents approximately 9.0% of our total egg production. Other facilities, such as feed mill and distribution centers, were essentially undamaged. This farm recommenced operations at the end of 2010, with normal production capacity by the end of 2011.
U.S. Facilities
We have facilities across the River Valley area in Arkansas and Oklahoma. We process around 3 million chickens per week in those facilities. Our offices are in Fort Smith, Arkansas. Our slaughter and deboning plants and feed mills are located in Fort Smith and Heavener, Oklahoma. We have further processing plants in Fort Smith and Muldrow, Oklahoma; our hatcheries in Fort Smith, Heavener and Stigler, Oklahoma; our broiler research farms, in Greenwood and Hartford, Arkansas; and our cooler storage and distribution center, in Muldrow city.
We currently have no plans to carry out any construction or material expansion in our Mexico or US facilities.
ITEM 4.A. Unresolved Staff Comments
None
ITEM 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
Company’s Overview
In 2011, the national economy grew 3.9%, and was generally marked by uncertainty caused by high volatility in the world economy. The Mexican peso remained especially volatile towards the end of the year, ending with a depreciation of 13.0 % with respect to the U.S. dollar when compared with the end year of 2010, while the inflation rate in Mexico was 3.8%.
According to the Unión Nacional de Avicultores en Mexico (National Association of Poultry Farmers in Mexico), during 2011, the volume of chicken produced in Mexico grew 3.4% and consumption per capita was 25.6 kg. Additionally, table egg production grew 2.5% and consumption per capita was 22.4 kg. of eggs per year.
In general, the poultry industry and, consequently, Bachoco, continued experiencing high production costs during the entire 2011 fiscal year, caused mainly by the high costs of raw materials.
Net sales of the Company for the 2011 fiscal year increased 12.2% as compared to the prior year, resulting in the highest sales billed in the history of the Company.
The chicken products line, the Company’s main source of income, was marked by an oversupply during most of 2011, with an important recovery towards the end of the year. Nevertheless, it was insufficient to reverse the negative results recorded during most of the year.
Export sales from Mexico as percentage of our total sales are only slightly representative. However, we recorded a 70.0% increase in our export sales over the prior fiscal year. This increase is mainly due the marketing to new foreign customers.
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In 2011, we experienced a significant growth mainly through the following: On August 20, 2011, the Company reached an agreement with Grupo OSIG to acquire Trosi de Carnes, S.A. de C.V. under a business combination agreement. This facility is located in Monterrey. It produces and sells processed beef. The Company paid Ps. 57.7 million for this acquisition.
On November 1, 2011 we acquire OK. Foods, Inc. a fully-integrated U.S. company. Headquartered in Fort Smith, Arkansas, O.K. Industries operates facilities across the River Valley area in Arkansas and Oklahoma, processing 2.5 million chickens per week. With this acquisition, Bachoco might increase its sales around 30.0%. The Company paid US$93.4 million for O.K. Industries. Under USGAAP and IFRS principles, we determine that this acquisition has generated a profit of US$76.4 million equivalent to Ps. 1,038.0.
In addition, the Company carried out a purchase of three distribution centers located all in the state of Baja California Sur, with which it expanded its domestic coverage. The Company paid Ps. 55.5 million for this acquisition.
We are an important source of employment. At the closing of the 2011 fiscal year, we had provided more than 25,300 direct jobs, most of them in Mexico. At Bachoco, we believe in our personnel’s permanence and development. We have highly specialized and qualified employees in their different areas, which gives us confidence and results in high productivity in our processes.
A. | Operating Results |
The following table sets forth selected components of our results of operations as a percentage of net revenues for each of the periods indicated:
For year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
In percentages | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | |||||||||
Net revenues | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |||||||||
Cost of sales | (83.1 | ) | (78.9 | ) | (89.3 | ) | ||||||
Gross profit | 16.9 | 21.1 | 10.7 | |||||||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses | (10.8 | ) | (11.1 | ) | (10.6 | ) | ||||||
Operating income | 6.1 | 10.0 | 0.0 | |||||||||
Comprehensive financing income (loss) | (0.6 | ) | 0.5 | 0.6 | ||||||||
Taxes (benefit) | (1.7 | ) | 2.0 | (0.1 | ) | |||||||
Net income (loss) | 3.5 | 8.0 | 0.6 |
The following table sets forth, for each of the periods indicated, our net revenues by main product lines as a percentage of total net revenues in each period:
For year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
In percentages over sales | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | |||||||||
Chicken | 78.3 | 81.3 | 81.6 | |||||||||
Eggs | 10.1 | 8.5 | 7.5 | |||||||||
Feed | 6.3 | 5.6 | 6.7 | |||||||||
Swine and others | 5.3 | 4.6 | 4.2 | |||||||||
Total revenues | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements. Our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with Mexican FRS, which differs in certain respects from U.S. GAAP. Note 23 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements provides a description of the principal differences between Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP, as they relate to us, and a reconciliation to U.S. GAAP of consolidated stockholders’ equity, net income, a consolidated statement of stockholders’ equity and a consolidated statement of cash flows under U.S. GAAP as of December 31, 2010 and 2011 and for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011.
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For year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
Net Revenues | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | |||||||||
Chicken | Ps. | 18,211.1 | Ps. | 20,127.7 | Ps. | 22,611.2 | ||||||
In Mexico | 18, 211.1 | 20,127.7 | 21,232.4 | |||||||||
In the U.S.(1) | - | - | 1,378.8 | |||||||||
Eggs | 2,356.8 | 2,101.8 | 2,085.9 | |||||||||
Balanced feed | 1,465.6 | 1,380.8 | 1,853.2 | |||||||||
Swine and other business lines | 1,229.4 | 1,105.2 | 1,184.7 | |||||||||
Total Revenues | Ps. | 23,262.9 | Ps. | 24,715.5 | Ps. | 27,735.0 |
(1 ) Includes only sales of November and December, 2011, date on which O.K. was acquired.
2011 vs. 2010
The Company’s net sales for fiscal year 2011 totaled Ps. 27,735.0 million pesos, 12.2% more than the sales registered in 2010, as a result of the 2.6% increase in prices and 9.0% increase in the volume sold.
Chicken products sales increased 12.2% during 2011 as a result of a 2.9% price increase and a 9.0% volume increase. The increase in volume is mainly due to a greater production resulting from the acquisition of O.K. Industries.
Table eggs sales decreased 0.8% during the 2011 fiscal year, although the price increased 5.7%; however, the sold volume decreased 6.1%. Decrease in volume is mainly due less eggs production in Mexicali facility, which had been lost due to the April 2010 earthquake. By the end of 2011, the production capacity in the Mexicali operation was almost totally restored.
Balanced feed sales, conducted under the CAMPI trademark, had an increase of 34.2% in the 2011 fiscal year, as a result of an increase of 16.0% in prices and 15.7% in volume sold. This recovery comes after a couple of years of significant increases in its production costs.
Other business lines of the Company include: live swine sales, sales of value added turkey and beef products and other by-products. In this respect, it is important to point out the significant growth in sales of value added beef products in the last quarter of 2011, as a consequence of more production capacity resulted from the integration of Trosi to the rest of the Company.
2010 vs. 2009
In 2010, we recorded net sales of Ps. 24,715.5 million, a 6.2% increase with respect to the Ps. 23,262.9 million sales reported in 2009. A detail of sales by segment follows.
Sales in our chicken segment totaled Ps. 20,127.7 million during 2010, an increase of 10.5% as compared to 2009. This result is due to an increase of 3.3% in chicken prices and a 7.2% increase in volume sold, which is a record for the Company. Chicken sales accounted for 81.3% of overall sales.
Throughout 2010, the egg business line in our Company faced oversupply conditions, which increased pressure on egg prices. Sales of these products totaled Ps. 2,101.8 million pesos in 2010, 10.8% lower than the Ps. 2,356.8 million recorded in 2009. This reduction in sales is mainly due to a fall of 9.9% in egg prices and 1.0% decrease in volume sold. Egg sales accounted for 8.5% of overall sales.
The Company sells balanced feed for livestock and pet industry. This segment was affected in 2010 by the contraction in demand during most of the year, with a slight recovery by the fourth quarter. Sales of these products were Ps. 1,380.8 million, 5.8% below the recorded sales of Ps. 1,465.6 million in 2009. In 2010, this business line accounted for 5.6% of total sales.
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During 2010, results in our swine business were very favorable primarily because of a healthy balance between supply and demand. Sales totaled Ps. 297.1 million, 26.8% higher than sales in 2009, which were Ps. 234.3 million. This is due to an increase of 16.0% in prices and 9.3% in sales volume. Sales of this product represent almost 1% of total sales of the Company.
The Company's other business segments are: by-products, and value-added products of turkey and beef, which together represent approximately 3.5% of total sales. During 2010, sales of other lines decreased 13.0% due mainly to a decline in the sales of by-products.
For year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
Cost of Sales | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | |||||||||
Total cost of sales | Ps. | 19,326.8 | 19,500.7 | 24,773.2 | ||||||||
Gross Profit | Ps. | 3,936.1 | 5,214.8 | 2,961.8 | ||||||||
Gross margin | % | 16.9 | 21.1 | 10.7 |
2011 vs. 2010
Total cost of sales increased 27.0% for year 2011, when compared to the year 2010. The production cost of chicken per unit was the most affected, it increased around 19.0% in 2011 vs. 2010.
Balanced feed cost is the single largest component of our cost of sales. In 2011, balanced feed cost was negatively affected by increases in corn and soybean meal, resulting from lower supply inventories, worldwide and in particular to a volatile exchange rate of peso–dollar. In 2011, 55.4% of the corn that we purchased was bought in the U.S., priced in dollars.
The gross profit for 2011 was Ps. 2,961.8 million, with a gross margin of 10.7%. This represented a decrease of 43.2% as compared to the previous year, mainly due to the high production costs that could not be passed through to our customers.
2010 vs. 2009
In 2010, cost of sales was Ps. 19,500.7 million compared to Ps. 19,326.8 million in 2009, representing 2.9% decrease in the cost of sales per unit. This was mainly due to increased efficiencies in our production indicators and an adequate administration of our grain hedging.
As a result of the reduction in our cost of sales per unit and increases in the volume of chicken and swine sold, the Company registered a gross profit for 2010 of Ps. 5,214.8 million with a margin of 21.2%, up from a margin of 16.9% in 2009.
For year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
Operating Income ad EBITDA | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | |||||||||
Selling and administrative expenses | Ps. | 2,522.3 | 2,751.8 | 2,951.9 | ||||||||
Operating income | Ps. | 1,413.8 | 2,463.0 | 9.9 | ||||||||
Operating margin | % | 6.1 | 10.0 | 0.0 | ||||||||
EBITDA result | Ps. | 2,076.4 | 3,155.6 | 735.9 | ||||||||
EBITDA margin | % | 8.9 | 12.8 | 2.7 |
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2011 vs. 2010
Bachoco recorded an operating income of Ps. 9.9 million at the closing of 2011, a significant decrease compared with the operating income of Ps. 2,463.0 million recorded in 2010. The optimization of production indexes, general expense control and considerable increases in net sales of the Company, were insufficient to counterbalance the increases in the production cost.
The result of the EBITDA in 2011 was Ps. 735.9 million, which represented 76.7% decrease compared to the Ps. 3,155.6 million of EBITDA reported in 2010.
2010 vs. 2009
Total operating expenses in 2010 were Ps. 2,751.8 million, compared with Ps. 2,522.3 million in 2009, which primarily reflected the increase in our distribution and administrative expenses. As a result the Company achieved income of Ps. 2,463.0 million, or a margin of 10.0%. This figure is higher than the operating income reached in 2009 of Ps. 1,413.8 million, or a margin of 6.1%.
The EBITDA for year 2010 was Ps. 3,155.6 million, a margin of 12.8% compared to and EBITDA result of Ps. 2,076.4 million and 8.9% margin reported in 2009.
For year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
Comprehensive Financial Results | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | |||||||||
Comprehensive financial result: | Ps. | (133.2) | Ps. | 122.1 | Ps. | 177.6 | ||||||
Net interest income and valuation effects of financial instruments | (95.3 | ) | 111.0 | 123.1 | ||||||||
Foreign Exchange gain (loss) | (38.0 | ) | 11.1 | 54.5 |
2011 vs. 2010
In 2011, we had comprehensive financial income of Ps. 177.6 million, compared with income of Ps. 122.1 million in 2010. The gain is mainly attributable to a gain in valuation effects of financial instruments and net interest of Ps. 123.1 million recorded in 2011. We also recorded an exchange gain of Ps. 54.5 million, compared to an exchange gain of Ps. 11.1 million in 2010.
2010 vs. 2009
In 2010, we recorded comprehensive financial income of Ps. 122.1 million, compared with a loss of Ps. 133.2 million in 2009. The result is mainly attributable to a gain in valuation effects of financial instruments and net interest of Ps. 111.0 million in 2010, while in 2009; we registered a valuation effect of financial instruments and net interest loss of Ps. 95.3 million. In 2010 we recorded an exchange gain of Ps. 11.1 million, compared to an exchange loss of Ps. 37.9 million in 2009.
For year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
Income Taxes | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | |||||||||
Total income tax (benefit) expense | Ps. | 406.4 | Ps. | 503.4 | Ps. | (40.5 | ) | |||||
Income tax | 103.5 | 495.8 | 69.6 | |||||||||
Flat rate business tax | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |||||||||
Deferred Income tax | 302.5 | 7.6 | (110.1 | ) |
2011 vs. 2010
Total taxes in 2011 were a benefit of Ps. 40.5 million, compared to a charge of Ps. 503.4 million reported in 2010. This benefit in 2011 is mainly due to income tax of Ps. 69.6 million, offset with deferred income tax of Ps. 110.1 million.
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The main components of the Income tax are computed “expected” tax expense for Ps.24.9 million and effect of companies outside simplified regime for Ps.33.1. The main components of deferred income tax are an increase in deferred tax assets for Ps.287.9 million, partially compensated by an increase in deferred tax liabilities for Ps. 6.0 million and an increase in deferred tax assets-foreign subsidiary for Ps.174.1 million.
For more detail see Note 19 of our Consolidated Financial Statements.
2010 vs. 2009
Total taxes recognized by the Company in 2010 amounted to Ps. 503.4 million, compared to Ps. 406.4 million reported in 2009. This represents an income tax of Ps. 495.8 million and deferred income tax of Ps. 7.6 million in 2010, comparable to income tax of Ps. 103.9 million and deferred income tax of Ps. 302.5 million in 2009. The decrease in deferred taxes in 2010 compared to 2009 is mainly that in 2009 we recognized a single charge of Ps. 188.8 million of deferred taxes, as a result of a tax reform authorized beginning in 2010, the tax rate is increased from 19% to 21% in the simplified regime.
For year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
Net Controlling Income | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | |||||||||
Net controlling income | Ps. | 797.6 | Ps. | 1,983.4 | Ps. | 157.0 | ||||||
Net margin | % | 3.4 | % | 8.0 | % | 0.5 |
2011 vs. 2010
Net controlling income for year 2011 totaled Ps. 157.0 million, or Ps. 0.26 per share (US$0.22 per ADS), a sharp decrease as compared to income in 2010, which amounted Ps. 1,983.5 million or Ps. 3.31 per share (US$ 2.84 per ADS). Net consolidated margin in 2011 was a profit of 0.6% compared to a profit of 8.0% reached in 2010.
2010 vs. 2009
Net controlling interest income for year 2010 was Ps. 1,983.4 million, or Ps. 3.31 per share (US. $2.84 per ADS), compared to a net controlling interest income of Ps. 797.6 million, or Ps. 1.33 per share in 2009 (US. $1.14 per ADS) In terms of margin, the Company reached a net controlling margin of 8.0%, significantly higher than the 3.5% net margin reported in the previous year.
The following information is a summary of the fiscal and accounting policies that could materially affect the Company’s operations or investments.
Income Tax, Asset Tax and Flat Rate Business Tax, Year 2011
Industrias Bachoco and all of its subsidiaries file separate income tax returns. Bachoco, the Company’s main subsidiary, is subject to the simplified regime. This simplified regime is applicable to agriculture, cattle-raising and fishing, among others.
O.K. Industries, subsidiary is located in the U.S. and it has a different fiscal period that the rest of the subsidiaries located in Mexico. O.K. Industries’ fiscal year ends in April each year, while the rest of the Companies end in December.
For more information please see Note 2-v) and Note 19-a) and d) of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Income Tax
In 2009, a tax reform was authorized by which, as of 2010, the tax rate was increased from 19.0% to 21.0% in the simplified regime and from 28.0% to 30.0% in the general regime. The Company recognized the result of this change in 2009, in a charge to results of Ps. 188.8 million, which is reflected in deferred taxes under the line item “Adjustment to deferred tax assets and liabilities for enacted changes in tax law and rates.” See Note 19-a) of the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
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Flat Rate Business Tax (IETU)
On October 1, 2007, new laws were published and a number of tax laws were revised relating to the Flat Rate Business Tax (IETU). These laws came into effect on January 1, 2008. The IETU rate was set at 16.5% for 2008, 17.0% for 2009 and 17.5% for 2010 and thereafter, based on cash flows, and limits certain deductions. The IETU is required to be paid only when it is greater than the income tax to be paid in any given year. To determine the IETU base in a given year, gross income tax (before subtracting deductions) is subtracted from the net income tax (after subtracting deductions), with the difference being the IETU base. If a negative IETU base is determined because deductions exceed income tax, there will be no IETU payable. Instead, the amount of the negative IETU payable base multiplied by the IETU rate results in an IETU credit, which may be applied against the income tax due for the same year or, if applicable, against any IETU payable in the next ten years. See Note 19-b) of the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
Asset Tax (AT)
In 2007, a new law was enacted that resulted in the derogation of the asset tax law beginning on January 1, 2008. In 2007, the asset tax rate was payable at 1.25% and liabilities were no longer deductible from the asset tax base. At December 31, 2011, the Company had Ps. 5.0 million in asset tax credits. See Note 19-c) to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for more detail.
Base Year | Asset tax restated at December 31, 2011 in million | Year of expiration | ||||||
2005 | Ps. | 1.6 | 2015 | |||||
2006 | Ps. | 3.4 | 2016 |
Deferred income tax in O.K. Industries
Deferred income taxes of OK Industries is included in the consolidated deferred income tax of Bachoco, and relate primarily to the use of the farm price method of accounting for inventories for tax purposes and certain self-insurance and other accruals and reserves, as well as temporary differences between financial statement and tax return recognition of certain inventory costs, sales and other amounts resulting from the previous use of the cash basis of accounting for income tax purposes by the subsidiary’s agricultural production operations, as well as differences in basis and depreciation methods used on certain assets.
Reconciliation to U.S. GAAP
The Company’s Audited Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with Mexican Financial Reporting Standards (“MexFRS”), which differ in certain respects from U.S. GAAP.
The principal differences between MexFRS and U.S. GAAP, as they relate to us, with an explanation, where appropriate, of the method used to determine the adjustments that affect income and stockholders’ equity, and any additional applicable disclosures as applicable are described in the Note 23 of our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements. Our consolidated net income under U.S. GAAP was a net income of Ps. 798.4 million in 2009, a net income of Ps. 1,978.0 million in 2010 and a net income of Ps. 1,180.7 million in 2011, compared to a net income of Ps. 809.0 million, a net income of Ps. 1,986.3 million and, a net income of Ps.159.1 million, respectively, under Mexican FRS.
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Bachoco has applied Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (included in FASB ASC Subtopic 740-10- Income taxes – Overall) (FIN 48.) Accounting for Income Taxes for all periods presented. The deferred tax adjustment included in the net income and stockholders’ equity reconciliations includes the effect of deferred taxes on all U.S. GAAP adjustments reflected in the reconciliation from Mexican FRS to U.S. GAAP. Under U.S. GAAP, the Company recognizes a deferred tax liability associated with profits originated during the simplified regime that have not paid income tax previously, but would be subject to taxation upon future distributions under the Mexican tax law. Due to the accounting change in Mexican FRS in 2008, this concept generates a reconciling difference to U.S. GAAP. The deferred tax liability under this concept was a charge of Ps. 309.1 and a benefit of Ps. 270.0 million as of December 31, 2010 and 2011, respectively.
For U.S. GAAP purposes, goodwill is reviewed for impairment at least annually in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other. Up to December 31, 2004, we recognized an accumulated effect (increase in equity) of Ps. 58.7 million for the non amortization of goodwill, under U.S. GAAP. The Company performs its annual impairment review of goodwill at December 31, and when a triggering event occurs between annual impairment tests. In 2009, 2010 and 2011, no triggering events occurred and the annual impairment test did not reflect any impairment concern.
The fair value of financial instruments is the amount at which a financial instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties other than in a forced sale or liquidation. When possible, we use quoted market prices to determine fair value. Where quoted market prices are not available, the fair value is internally derived based upon appropriate valuation methodologies with respect to the amount and timing of future cash flows and estimated discount rates for both counterparty and entity’s own risk. However, considerable judgment is required in interpreting market data to develop estimates of fair value, so the estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized or would be paid in a current market exchange. The effect of using different market assumptions or estimation methodologies could be material to the estimated fair values.
Fair value information presented in Note 23 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements is based on information available at December 31, 2010 and 2011. Although we are not aware of any factors that would significantly affect the estimated fair value amounts, such amounts have not been updated since those dates; therefore, the current estimates of fair value at dates after December 31, 2011 and 2010, could differ from these amounts.
Use of Estimates in Certain Accounting Policies
In preparing our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements, we make estimates concerning a variety of matters. Some of these matters are highly uncertain, and the estimates involve judgments based on the information available to us. The discussion below identifies matters for which the financial presentation would be materially affected (a) if we relied on different estimates that we could reasonably use, or (b) if in the future we change our estimates in response to changes that are reasonably likely to occur.
The discussion below addresses only those estimates that we consider most important based on the degree of uncertainty and the likelihood of a material impact if we used a different estimate. There are many other areas in which we use estimates about uncertain matters, but the reasonably likely effect of changed or different estimates would not be material to our financial results.
Estimated Useful Lives of Property, Plant and Equipment
We estimate the useful lives of our property, plant and equipment in order to determine the amount of depreciation expense to be recorded in each period. The current estimates of useful lives are based on estimates made by an independent appraiser in 1996. Those estimates have been adjusted when applicable, based on historical experience with similar assets that we own.
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Accumulated depreciation expense for property, plant and equipment in 2011 amounted to Ps. 8.7 billion. As applied to our 2011 financial results, the depreciation and amortization was Ps. 726.1 million, or 2.6% of our net revenues. For further explanation, see Notes 2-c) and 9 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.
Allowance for Productivity Declines
The allowance for decline in productivity of our breeder chickens and swine is estimated based on expected future life under straight line method. See Note 2-h) in our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for more detail.
Inventory Valuation
At December 31, 2010 and 2011, our inventories are stated at the lower of historical cost determined by the average cost method or market (replacement cost), provided that replacement cost is not less than net realizable value
Agriculture
Our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements recognize the requirements of Mexican FRS E-1, “Agriculture,” which establishes the rules for recognizing, measuring, presenting and disclosing biological assets and agricultural products.
Mexican FRS E-1 requires biological assets and agricultural products (the latter at the time of harvesting) to be valued at their fair value, net of the estimated costs at the point of sale. Bulletin E-1 also establishes that whenever the fair value cannot be determined in a reliable, verifiable and objective manner, the assets are to be valued at their production cost, net of impairment loss.
Agricultural products are live chickens, processed chickens, commercial eggs and pigs available for sale. The Company’s biological assets are comprised of poultry in their different stages, incubatable eggs and breeder pigs.
Broiler chicks less than six and a half weeks old, incubatable eggs, breeder pigs and laying hens are valued at production cost since it is not possible to determine their fair value in a reliable, verifiable and objective manner.
Broilers more than six and a half weeks old through their date of sale are valued at fair value net of estimated point-of-sale costs, considering the price per kilogram of processed chicken at the valuation date.
Processed chicken and commercial eggs are valued at fair value net of estimated point-of-sale costs, considering the price per kilogram of processed chicken and commercial eggs at the time such items are considered as agricultural products. From such date through the date of sale, the fair value is considered to be the cost of processed chicken or commercial eggs, not in excess of net realizable value.
We are exposed to financial risks due to changes in the price of chicken. We estimate that the price of chicken will not fall sharply or significantly in the near future; consequently, we have not entered into any derivative agreement or any other type of agreement to offset the risk of a drop in the price of chicken.
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For more details, see “Inventories and biological assets” in Note 7 of our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
The Company’s policy is to record an allowance for doubtful accounts for balances which are not likely to be recovered. In establishing the required allowance, management considers historical losses, current market conditions, and our customers’ financial condition, the amount of receivables in dispute originated by price differences and the aging of our current receivable and current payment patterns.
Pension Plan
We have a retirement plan in which all non-union workers participate. Pension benefits are based on the salary of workers in their final three years of service, the number of years worked and their age at retirement.
This plan includes:
- | Defined contribution plan: This fund consists of employee and Company contributions. The employee contribution percentage ranges from 1.0% to 5.0%. The Company contribution ranges from 1.0% to 2.0% in the case of employees with less than 10 years’ seniority, and the same contribution percentage as the employee (up to 5.0%) when the employee has more than 10 years’ seniority. |
- | Defined benefit plan: This fund consists solely of Company contributions and covers the Company's labor obligations with each employee. |
Seniority premiums and severance payments are paid to workers as required by Mexican labor law.
We recognize the liability for pension benefits, seniority premiums and termination benefits (severance payments), based on independent actuarial computations using the projected unit-credit method and financial assumptions net of inflation.
The Company’s employees in the US, also accounts with a contribution plan, where the Company contributes with the 50.0% of the employee’s contribution up to 2.0% of their remuneration.
See Note 2-q) and Note 17 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements, for more detail regarding pension plan for Bachoco’s employees either in Mexico and the U.S.
Valuation Allowance for Deferred Tax Assets
In assessing our ability to realize deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that part or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized taking into account, that the final of our deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which such assets become deductible. We also consider the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. The valuation allowance for deferred tax assets as of January 1st, of 2010 and 2011 was Ps. 36.1 million and Ps. 53.3 million, respectively. For more information see Note 19-e) to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.
B. | Liquidity and Capital Resources |
We are a holding company with no significant operations of our own. We principally engage in transactions with our subsidiaries. Our main subsidiary is Bachoco, which in 2011 accounted with the 81.37% of the total revenues of the Company.
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For the year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | |||||||||
Total Cash and equivalents: | Ps. | 2,551.0 | Ps. | 4,177.2 | Ps. | 3,036.4 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | Ps. | 2,399.1 | Ps. | 3,967.9 | Ps. | 2,625.7 | ||||||
Primary financial instruments | 151.9 | 209.3 | 410.7 | |||||||||
Acid test ratio(1) | 1.5 | 2.8 | 1.4 |
(1) Current assets less inventories /current liabilities
Our cash comes basically from the sales of our products in the Mexican and U.S. markets. Our second source of liquidity comes from credit lines we use from time to time.
2011 vs. 2010
In 2011, cash and equivalents amounted Ps. 3,036.4 million 27.3% less than Ps. 4,177.2 million in 2010. The decrease is mainly due to the payment for part of the acquisition we completed in 2011, working capital increase and the weak operating results.
2010 vs. 2009
In 2010, our financial position remained sound. In 2010, cash and cash equivalents and primary financial instruments increased to Ps. 4,177.2 million, which compares positively to the Ps. 2,551.0 million reported in 2009. The increase was primarily due to our positive operating results.
For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
Debt | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | |||||||||
Accounts payable | Ps. | 3,613.2 | Ps. | 1,572.3 | Ps. | 2,326.8 | ||||||
Short-term debt | 234.3 | 0.0 | 1,277.8 | |||||||||
Long-term debt (1) | 729.5 | 647.0 | 559.6 | |||||||||
Debt ratio | 0.26 | 0.23 | 0.30 |
(1) Includes current installments of long-term debt-
(2) Total liabilities / total assets
For details of maturity of our debt, and interest rate, see Note 12 of our Consolidated Financial Statements.
2011 vs. 2010
In general, total debt increased as a result of the recent acquisitions in Mexico and the U.S. Short-term debt totaled Ps. 1, 277.8, as the Company used US$ 75.0 million from one of its line of credits to partially fund the acquisition of O.K. Industries.
2010 vs. 2009
In 2010, our short- and long-term debt totaled Ps. 646.9 million, lower than the Ps. 963.8 million reported as fo December 31, 2009. This 32.9% of decrease primarily reflects the payment of our short term debt and some notes payable to banks.
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For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | ||||||||||
Working capital: | Ps. | 3,325.3 | Ps. | 3,333.6 | Ps. | 4,824.0 | ||||||
Current assets less cash and equivalents | Ps. | 5,352.2 | Ps. | 5,360.5 | Ps. | 7,824.0 | ||||||
Current liabilities less debt | 2,026.9 | 2,026.9 | 3,000.0 |
2011 vs. 2010
Our working capital increased in 2011 as compared to 2010, mainly due an increase in accounts receivable, inventories of raw materials and final and in process inventories. We partially offset the increase with an increase in accounts payable.
We consider that our current level of working capital is sufficient for the normal course of our operations. Our working capital needs are susceptible to change, depending mainly on the cost of our main raw materials which affect or inventory cost, and on the level of accounts payable.
The ratio of current assets to current liabilities decreased from 4.4 in 2010 to 2.3 in 2011.
2010 vs. 2009
Our working capital increased year over year from Ps. 5.2 billion on December 31, 2009 to Ps. 7.4 billion on December 31, 2010. Such increase was mainly due to an increase in the cash and investments and a decrease in derivative financial instruments as current liabilities accounts. The ratio of current assets to current liabilities on December 31, 2010 was 4.4.
For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | ||||||||||
Capital Expenditures(1) | Ps. | 944.1 | Ps. | 517.3 | Ps. 707.5 |
(1)Due to the effect from accounting changes, amounts may differ from previously reported for past years.
2011
Our capital expenditures in 2011 were paid with internal resources. In 2011, the capital investments in the Company totaled Ps. 707.5 million, with which we implemented new technology in the processing plants located in Coatzacoalcos, Culiacan and Celaya. In Crelaya plant the Company built a water treatment plant and, and lastly as every year. The Company also modernized its transportation fleet.
2010
In 2010, capital investments amounted to Ps. 517.3 million, most of which were financed with resources generated from our own operations. These capital investments were used mainly to finance, productivity projects, production growing capabilities and infrastructure improvements to keep facilities in good operating conditions.
2010
In 2009, we made capital expenditures of Ps. 944.1 million, with which we entered into two main projects: (i) increased chicken production capacity in Chiapas, Sonora and Yucatán, and updated our transportation fleet (ii) improved production capacity in the Monterrey Complex.
For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | ||||||||||
Operating Leases | Ps. | 177.3 | Ps. | 197.5 | Ps. | 188.2 |
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We entered into operating leases for certain offices, production sites, computer equipment, and vehicles. These agreements have terms ranging between one and five years and some of them contain renewal options. See Note 14 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
We are a holding company with no significant operations of our own. We principally engage in transactions with our subsidiaries. We will have distributable profits and cash to pay dividends only to the extent that we receive dividends from our subsidiaries, principally BSACV. The amount of dividends payable by our subsidiaries and us is also subject to general limitations under Mexican corporate law.
We manage our exchange rate exposure primarily through management of our financial structure, specifically by maintaining most of our debt through long-term debt instruments. As part of our normal operations, we purchase financial derivative instruments in order to ensure greater certainty in our purchases of U.S. dollars. We plan over a six month period into the future and, depending on the expected uncertainty for that period, decide if it is economically advisable to purchase or sell any hedging instrument.
The main risk that the Company faces with the use of these derivative instruments is the volatility in the exchange rate of the peso against the U.S. dollar.
We have followed different strategies with respect to derivatives which involved call and put options in U.S. dollars. In 2009 and, 2010 we did not have bank debt denominated in U.S. dollars. During 2011, the Company acquired a one-year bank credit of US$75 million dollars, equivalent to Ps. 1,047.7 million in pesos. The interest rate of this credit is LIBOR plus 0.60 points.
Our risk committee approves any change in policies and reviews the application of current policies.
For more details see Note 12 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.
C. | Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc. |
None
D. | Trend Information |
Our demand and prices continues depending mainly on supply and demand in both markets, Mexico and U.S. and no new effect has been identify, additionally to those effects present in the past.
Cost of our main raw materials is subject to level of inventories available, as it occurred in past periods and no disruption new technology is foresee in the near future.
E. | Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements |
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements of the type that we are required to disclose under this Item.
F. | Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations |
Our major categories of indebtedness included the following:
· | As of December 31, 2011, we had Ps. 175.2 million in current installments of long-term debt. |
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· | Long-term debt to banks, as of December 31, 2010 and 2011, were Ps. 507.1 and Ps. 384.4 million outstanding (excluding current portion) respectively, a 24.2% decrease. |
· | The weighted average interest rates on long-term debt for 2010 and 2011 were 6.32% and 5.58% respectively. See Note 12 of our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for more detail. |
The following table summarizes long-term debt as of December 31, 2011. The table does not include current installments of long-term debt, accounts payable or pension liabilities.
Payments Due by Period | ||||||||||||||||||||
in millions of constant pesos as of December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Contractual Obligations | Total | Less than a year | 1 to 3 years | 3 to 5 years | More than 5 years | |||||||||||||||
Long-term debt | Ps. | 384.4 | 154.6 | 97.8 | 89.5 | 42.5 | ||||||||||||||
Operating leases | Ps. | 641.1 | 188.2 | 165.5 | 145.9 | 141.4 |
The Company has certain leases related to operating assets, including farms and administrative offices.
G. | Safe Harbor |
Not applicable.
ITEM 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees
A. | Directors and Senior Management |
Directors
The Board of Directors is responsible for the management of our business. The Board of Directors consists of an odd number of directors, never fewer than five, and corresponding alternate directors, each of whom is elected for a term of one year.
Alternate directors are authorized to serve on the Board of Directors in place of directors who are unable to attend meetings or otherwise participate in the activities of the Board of Directors.
At our annual stockholders’ meeting held on April 27, 2011, Mr. Felizardo Gastelum Felix was elected to the Board of Directors, as President of the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee and Financial Expert. Mr. Felizardo Gastelum Felix performed these roles in an exemplary manner until his death on April 18, 2012.
At our annual stockholders’ meeting held on April 25, 2012, we ratified the membership of Board of Directors, which is composed of the following members:
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Year of Birth | Member since | |||||||
Chairman of the Board and Proprietary Shareholder Director: | ||||||||
Francisco Javier R. Bours Castelo | 1953 | 1982 | ||||||
Proprietary Shareholder Directors: | ||||||||
Jose Gerardo Robinson Bours Castelo | 1958 | 2008 | ||||||
Jesus Enrique Robinson Bours Muñoz | 1951 | 1994 | ||||||
Jesus Rodolfo Robinson Bours Muñoz | 1957 | 2002 | ||||||
Arturo Bours Griffith | 1955 | 1994 | ||||||
Octavio Robinson Bours | 1952 | 1997 | ||||||
Ricardo Aguirre Borboa | 1954 | 1994 | ||||||
Juan Salvador Robinson Bours Martinez | 1965 | 1994 | ||||||
Alternate Directors: | ||||||||
Jose Eduardo Robinson Bours Castelo | 1956 | 1994 | ||||||
Jose Francisco Bours Griffith | 1950 | 1994 | ||||||
Guillermo Pineda Cruz | 1948 | 1994 | ||||||
Gustavo Luders Becerril | 1953 | 2011 | ||||||
Independent Directors: | ||||||||
Avelino Fernandez Salido | 1938 | 2003 | ||||||
Humberto Schwarzbeck Noriega | 1954 | 2003 | ||||||
Related Proprietary Director: | ||||||||
Cristobal Gustavo Mondragon Fragoso | 1945 | 2011 | ||||||
Secretary of the Board: | ||||||||
Eduardo Rojas Crespo | 1969 | 2008 |
Honorary Members of the Board
Enrique Robinson Bours Almada, Mario Javier Robinson Bours Almada, and Juan Bautista Salvador Robinson Bours are co-founders of the Company and Honorary members of the board.
The following table identifies the relationships among the Bours family members:
Brothers and Co- Founders |
Sons | Nephews | Son in Law | ||||||
Enrique Robinson Bours Almada | · | Jesus Enrique Robinson Bours Muñoz | · | Arturo Bours Griffith | Guillermo Pineda Cruz | ||||
· | Jesus Rodolfo Robinson Bours Muñoz | ||||||||
· | Francisco Javier R. Bours Castelo | ||||||||
Mario Javier Robinson Bours Almada | · | Jose Gerardo Robinson Bours Castelo | · | Jose Francisco Bours Griffith | |||||
· | Jose Eduardo Robinson Bours Castelo | ||||||||
· | Ricardo Aguirre Borboa | ||||||||
Juan Bautista Salvador Robinson Bours Almada | Juan Salvador Robinson Bours Martinez | · | Octavio Robinson Bours | · | Gustavo Luders Becerril |
Our bylaws provide for the creation of an executive committee of the Board of Directors, which may exercise certain of the Board’s powers in full, subject to certain limitations.
Francisco Javier R. Bours Castelo, Chairman of the Board of Directors since 2002. Before his election as Chairman, he was Vice-Chairman for several years. Mr. Bours holds a degree in Civil Engineering from the Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores Monterrey (ITESM). He currently serves as Chairman of the Boards of Directors of the following companies: Megacable Holdings, S.A.B. de C.V., Inmobiliaria Trento S.A. de C.V., Agriexport S.A. de C.V., Acuicola Boca, S.A. de C.V., and Centro de Servicios Empresariales del Noroeste, S.A. de C.V.
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Jose Gerardo Robinson Bours Castelo, Proprietary Shareholder Director since 2008. He previously served as Systems Manager. Mr. Bours, holds a degree in Computer Engineering from the ITESM. He currently serves as member of the Board of the following companies: Megacable Holdings, S.A.B. de C.V., Congeladora Horticola, S.A. de C.V., Acuicola Boca, S.A. de C.V., Industrias Boca, S.A. de C.V. and Centro de Servicios Empresariales del Noreste, S.A. de C.V.He is also Chairman of Fundacion Mexicana para el Desarrollo Rural del Valle del Yaqui and the ITESM in Obregon.
Jesus Enrique Robinson Bours Muñoz, Proprietary Shareholder Director since 1994. He has previously worked in Bachoco as Production Director and Divisional Manager. Mr. Robinson Bours holds a degree in Engineering from the University of Arizona. He is also a member of the Board of Directors of San Luis Corporacion S.A. de C.V., and Megacable Holdings, S.A.B. de C.V.
Jesus Rodolfo Robinson Bours Muñoz, Proprietary Shareholder Director since 2002. Mr. Robinson Bours previously served in the Company as Production Manager in the Northwest and Bajio divisions, Commercial Manager in Northwest Division and Purchasing Manager at the Bajio Division. Mr. Robinson Bours holds a degree in Agricultural Engineering from the University of Arizona. He has business experience in agriculture and raising livestock with Agricola Monte Cristo S.A. de C.V., Agricola Rio Yaqui S.P.R. de R.L., Agricola Nacapul S.P.R. de R.L., Ganadera Cocoreña S.P.R. de R.L. and Chairman of the Board of the Cultural Center of Cocorit, A.C.
Arturo Bours Griffith, Proprietary Shareholder Director since 1994. Mr. Bours Griffith completed professional studies at the University of Arizona. He is also Chairman of the board of Qualyplast, S.A. de C.V., and a member of the board of Megacable Holdings, S.A.B. de C.V., Centro de Servicios Empresariales del Noreste, S.A. de C.V., and Taxis Aereos del Noroeste, S.A. de C.V.
Octavio Robinson Bours, Proprietary Shareholder Director since 1997. Mr. Robinson Bours holds a degree in Agricultural Engineering from the ITESM. He has experience in producing swine, and is also a member of the board of Choya, S.A. de C.V., and runs a business of agriculture and aquaculture.
Ricardo Aguirre Borboa, Proprietary Shareholder Director since 1994. He is also a member of the Audit Committee and Corporate Practices of Bachoco. Mr. Aguirre holds a degree in Agricultural Engineering from the ITESM. He is member of the Board of Directors of: the newspaper El Debate, Tepeyac Produce, Inc., Servicios del Valle del Fuerte, S.A. de C.V., Agrobo, S.A. de C.V., Agricola Santa Veneranda, S.P.R. de R.L., Colegio Mochis, Grupo Financiero Banamex, in Sinaloa, and Director of Granja Rab, S.A. de C.V.
Juan Salvador Robinson Bours Martinez, Proprietary Shareholder Director since 1994. He has served Bachoco as Purchasing Manager. Mr. Robinson Bours holds a degree in Industrial Engineering from the ITESM. His other appointments include Chairman of the board and CEO of Llantas y Accesorios, S.A. de C.V. and member of the Board of Megacable Holdings, S.A.B. de C.V.
Jose Eduardo Robinson Bours Castelo, member of the Board since 1994. Mr. Robinson is an alternate Director for Mr. Francisco Javier R. Bours Castelo and Mr. Jose Gerardo Robinson Bours Castelo. Mr. Robinson Bours holds a degree in Industrial Engineering from the ITESM. He was previously Commercial Director of Industrias Bachoco, a Senator of the Mexican Congress and was governor of the state of Sonora.
Jose Francisco Bours Griffith, Alternate Director of Mr. Octavio Robinson Bours and Mr. Arturo Bours Griffith, since 1994. Mr. Bours holds a degree in Civil Engineering from the Universidad Autonoma de Guadalajara. Mr. Robinson Bours has worked at Bachoco as Engineering Manager. He is currently dedicated to agricultural operations and has run an aquaculture farm for nine years.
Guillermo Pineda Cruz, Alternate Director of Jesus Enrique Robinson Bours and Mr. Arturo Bours Griffith since 1994. Mr. Pineda holds a degree in Civil Engineering from the ITESM and a master’s degree in Business Administration from the Instituto Tecnologico de Sonora. He is also a member of the Board of Directors of Banamex and was a regional member of the Board of Directors of Grupo Financiero Serfin, Inverlat and InverMexico. He co-founded Edificadora PiBo, S.A. de C.V. and has been its President and CEO since 1983.
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Gustavo Luders Becerril, Alternate Director of Juan Salvador Robinson Bours Martinez and Mr. Ricardo Aguirre Borboa, was named Alternate Director during the annual general meeting held in April 2011. Mr. Luders holds an Accounting degree from the ITESM. He is a farmer; he has served as Chairman of the Agricultural and Industrial Union Credit of the Yaqui Valley, Chairman of the Company Citricola Yaqui, and as Agent of citrus products in the Sonora state region.
Avelino Fernandez Salido, Independent Director, is member of the board since 2003. He is also a member of the board of Banamex, and BBVA Bancomer. He is also Chairman of the Board of the following companies: Grupo Cajeme Motors, S.A. de C.V., Navojoa Motors, S.A. de C.V., Turymayo S.A. de C.V. and Gasolineras Turymayo S.A. de C.V. His business experience is in the marketing of grains.
Humberto Schwarzbeck Noriega, Independent Director, is member of the board since 2003. He holds a degree in economics from the ITESM. He is currently CEO of Yeso Industrial de Navojoa S.A. de C.V.
Cristobal Gustavo Mondragon Fragoso is a Related Proprietary Director since April 2011. Mr. Mondragon holds an Accounting degree from the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (or “UNAM”). Mr. Mondragon joined Bachoco in 1982 and was Chief Executive Officer since 2001 to October 2010. Previously, Mr. Mondragon served in Bachoco as Administration Manager, as Manager of Corporate Finance and as Chief Financial Officer.
Eduardo Rojas Crespo was named Secretary of the Board of Directors in 2008. He holds a Law Degree from the UNAM. He also holds a post-graduate diploma in Environmental Law and Due Diligence, and a Specialty as well as a Master's Degree, both in Corporate Law; these three from the Anahuac University. Mr. Rojas has worked for Bachoco since 2004 as our Chief Legal Officer. Before joining Bachoco, Mr. Rojas worked for 10 years as the Chief Legal Officer of Grupo Fimex.
Honorary members
Mr. Enrique Robinson Bours Almada, Chairman of the Board and co-founder of the Company, he retired in April 2002. Mr. Bours led the Company for 50 years. The Board named as Mr. Javier Robinson Bours Castelo, Mr. Enrique Robinson Bours’s nephew, as his successor.
Mr. Mario Javier Robinson Bours Almada, member of the Board of Directors, retired in April 2008, and was named as a Life Honorary Propriety Shareholder Director. On the same date, the Board named Mr. Jose Gerardo Robinson Bours Castelo as a Proprietary Shareholder Director in the place of Mr. Mario Javier Robinson Bours Almada.
Juan Bautista S. Robinson Bours Almada, Mr. Bours was co-founder of Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and a Proprietary Shareholder Director for 57 years. Mr. Bours got retired in April 2011 and named as a Life Honorary Propriety Shareholders Director. On the same date the Board named Mr. Juan Salvador Robinson Bours Martinez as a Propriety Shareholders Director in the place of Mr. Juan Bautista S. Robinson Bours Almada.
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Executive Officers
Name | Position | Year of Birth | ||
Rodolfo Ramos Arvizu | Chief Executive Officer | 1957 | ||
Paul Fox | Chief Executive Officer, U.S. Operations | 1966 | ||
Daniel Salazar Ferrer | Chief Financial Officer | 1964 | ||
David Gastelum Cazares | Director of Sales | 1951 | ||
Jose Luis Lopez Lepe | Director of Personnel | 1947 | ||
Ernesto Salmon Castelo | Director of Operations | 1962 | ||
Andres Morales Astiazaran | Director of Marketing* | 1968 | ||
Marco Antonio Esparza Serrano | Comptroller Director | 1955 | ||
Alejandro Elias Calles Gutierrez | Director of Purchasing | 1956 |
*Director of Marketing and Modern Segment Sales
Rodolfo Ramos Arvizu, Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Ramos joined us in 1980 and, he was named as Chief Executive Officer in November 2010. Previously, Mr. Ramos served Bachoco as its Technical Director since 1992 and also held positions in the Egg Quality Control Training Program and in Poultry Management as well as serving as Supervisor of the Commercial Egg Production Training Program, Manager of Raw Material Purchasing and as a Director of Production. Ramos holds a degree in Agricultural Engineering from the ITESM.
Paul Fox, CEO, U.S. Operations. Paul joined us in 2012 shortly after we acquired our U.S. operations. Paul started his career with Tyson Foods serving in domestic and international leadership positions during 17 years prior to serving as a private equity CEO and Managing Director with Marfrig. Mr. Fox received a BS in Animal Science from Missouri State University and MS in Leadership and Ethics from John Brown University.
Daniel Salazar Ferrer, Chief Financial Officer. He joined us in 2000 and assumed his current position in January 2003. Previously, Mr. Salazar worked for four years as Chief Financial Officer at Grupo Covarrubias and as Comptroller at Negromex, a company of Grupo Desc. Mr. Salazar holds an Accounting degree from Universidad Tecnologica de Mexico and a master’s degree in Business Administration from the ITESM, and Diploma from the IPADE (D1).
David Gastelum Cazares, Director of Sales. He joining us in 1979 and assumed his current position in 1992. Previously, Mr. Gastelum served as a pullet salesman in the states of Sonora and Sinaloa, National Sales Manager of Live Animals and Eggs, Manager of the Northwest Division, Manager of the Mexico City Division and National Sales Manager. Before joining us, Mr. Gastelum worked at La Hacienda, S.A. de C.V. as Technical Advisor and as Area Officer for the Southeast Division. Mr. Gastelum holds a degree in Veterinary Medicine from the school of Veterinary Medicine of the UNAM.
Jose Luis Lopez Lepe, Director of Personnel since 1993, before joining us Mr. Lopez worked as a teacher in several institutions, and also worked with Grupo Condumex, where he was Director of Personnel. Mr. Lopez holds a degree in Physics and Chemistry from the Escuela Normal Superior and a degree in Business Administration from Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico.
Ernesto Salmon Castelo, Director of Operations, joined us in 1991 and assumed his current position in 2000. Previously, Mr. Salmon worked for Gamesa, S.A. de C.V. and for us as Sales Manager in Sonora, Northwestern Distribution Manager, Manager of the Processing Plant in Celaya, Southeastern Division Manager and Bajio Division Manager. Mr. Salmon holds a degree in Chemical Engineering from Instituto Tecnologico de Sonora and a master’s degree in Business Administration from the ITESM.
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Andres Morales Astiazaran, Director of Marketing and Modern Segment Sales (Value-added Products) since July 2006. Before joining us, Mr. Morales worked for 4 years as Sales and Marketing Vice President in Smithfield Foods, a U.S. Company with offices in Sonora, Mexico. Previously Mr. Morales worked for Bachoco as Marketing Manager, Manager of the Northeast division and then as National Manager of Bachoco. Mr. Morales holds an accounting degree from the ITESM and attended marketing courses at Northwestern University, the University of Chicago, the ITESM and the IPADE (D1).
Marco Antonio Esparza Serrano, Comptroller Director since March 2009. Before joining Bachoco, Mr. Esparza worked for more than 25 years in the pharmaceutical industry for three multinational companies. During that time, Mr. Esparza managed and directed every area within Finance and Administration as Accounting Manager, Tax Manager Comptroller, Financial Planning Director and Finance Director. Mr. Esparza holds a degree in public accounting and several post-graduate diplomas in Business Administration, Economics and Direction of Enterprises from universities such as Instituto Politecnico Nacional, University of California at Berkeley, the ITESM, University of Almeria Spain and the IPADE.
Alejandro Elias Calles Gutierrez, was named purchasing Director in 2010. Mr. Calles joined Bachoco in January 2010 as Manager of Purchasing. Previously Mr. Calles worked as the CEO of “Agroinsumos Cajeme,” Chaiman of the Board of the “Distrito de Riego” in the Yaqui River, Secretary of the SAGARPA in the state of Sonora, and Leader of the Secretaries of SAGARPA in Mexico and Manager of the leasing department of Inverlat. Mr. Calles holds a degree in Agronomy from the ITESM.
Audit Committee and Corporate Practices
The mandate of the Audit Committee and Corporate Practices is to establish and monitor procedures and controls in order to ensure that the financial information we distribute is useful, appropriate and reliable and accurately reflects our financial position. In particular, pursuant to our bylaws and Mexican law, among others, the Audit Committee and Corporate Practices must do the following:
- | Submit an annual report to the Board of Directors; |
- | Inform the Board of Directors of the current condition of the internal controls and internal auditing system of the Company or of the entities it controls, including any irregularities detected; |
- | Require the relevant directors and other employees of the Company, or of the entities it controls, to provide reports relative to the preparation of the financial information or any other kind of reports or information it deems appropriate to perform its duties; |
- | Receive observations formulated by shareholders, Board members, relevant officers, employees and, in general, any third party with regard to the matters under the Audit Committee duties, as well as carry out the actions that, in its judgment, may be appropriate in connection with such observations; |
- | Inform the Board of Directors of any material irregularities detected as a result of the performance of its duties and, as applicable, inform the Board of Directors of the corrective actions taken, or otherwise propose the actions that should be taken; |
- | Call Shareholders Meetings and cause the items it deems pertinent to be inserted into the agendas of such Shareholders’ Meetings; and |
- | Assist the Board of Directors in selecting candidates for audit and reviewing the scope and terms of the auditor’s engagement, as well as evaluate the performance of the entity that provides the external auditing services and analyze the report, opinions, statements and other information prepared and signed by the external auditor. |
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At our annual stockholders’ meeting held on April 27, 2011, Mr. Felizardo Gastelum Felix was elected to the Board of Directors, as President of the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee and Financial Expert. Mr. Felizardo Gastelum Felix performed these roles in an exemplary manner until his death on April 18, 2012.
At our annual stockholders’ meeting held on April 25, 2012, we ratified the membership of the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee, which is composed of the following members:
Name | Position | |
Humberto Schwarzbeck Noriega | Member | |
Ricardo Aguirre Borboa | Member | |
Avelino Fernandez Salido | Member |
Mr. Avelino Fernandez was the President of the Audit Committee from April 2007 until April 2011, when Mr. Felizardo Gastelum Felix succeeded him to the Presidency. Mr. Felizardo Gastelum Felix performed these roles in an exemplary manner until his death on April 18, 2012. Currently, we do not have a President of the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee.
Mr. Ricardo Aguirre Borboa represents the controlling shareholders and has no voting rights in the audit committee.
B. | Compensation |
The table below sets forth the aggregate compensation paid to our directors and executive officers, for services they rendered in their respective capacities, for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011.
In million of Mexican Pesos | ||||||||||||
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | ||||||||||
Compensation, net | Ps. | 35.2 | Ps. | 44.5 | Ps. | 44.4 |
C. | Board Practices |
We do not have any special agreements or contracts with any member of our board. All of our board members are subject to the specific expiration dates of their current terms of office.
D. | Employees |
Workforce | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | |||||||||
Total Employees: | 24,065 | 23,473 | 25,326 | |||||||||
in Mexico | 24,065 | 23,473 | 22,473 | |||||||||
In the U.S. | - | - | 2,853 |
In 2011, around 60.0% of our employees were members of labor unions in our operations in Mexico. As of March 2012 and the date of this annual report, labor relations with our employees in Mexico are governed by 52 separate collective labor agreements, each relating to a different group of employees and negotiated on behalf of each such group by a different labor union.
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As is typical in Mexico, wages are renegotiated every year while other terms and conditions of employment are renegotiated every two years. We seek to attract dependable and responsible employees to train at each of our plants and facilities. We offer our employees attractive salary and benefit packages, including a pension and savings plan.
In our U.S. operations none of our employees are members of labor unions. As of the date of this Annual Report labor relations with our U.S. employees are not governed by any collective labor bargaining agreements
As is typical in the U.S., wages and other terms and conditions of employment are renegotiated periodically. We seek to attract dependable and responsible employees to train at each of our plants and facilities. We offer our employees attractive salary and benefit packages, including a health insurance and a retirement savings plan.
In general, we believe that we have good relations with our employees. We have not experienced significant work stoppages as a result of labor problems.
E. | Share Ownership |
To the best of our knowledge, no individual director or manager holds Shares of the Company. At this time, we have not developed a share options plan for our employees.
ITEM 7. Major Stockholders and Related Party Transactions
Before September 2006, our Common Stock consisted of 450,000,000 Series B Shares and 150,000,000 Series L Shares. Holders of Series B Shares were entitled to one vote at any general meeting of our stockholders for each Series B Share held. Holders of Series L Shares were entitled to one vote for each Series L Share held, but only with respect to certain matters. We had UBL Units consisting of one Series B Share and one Series L Share and B Units consisting in two Series B Shares.
During the extraordinary meeting held on April 26, 2006 Shareholders approved the Company’s plan to convert the Series L Shares into Series B Shares, with full voting rights, as well as the dissolution of UBL and UBB Units into their components Shares.
This process was completed in September 2006, and included two steps: separating the UBL and UBB Units trading on the Mexican Exchange into their component Shares and converting the Series L Shares into Series B Shares, thereby creating a single share class, the Series B Shares. These Shares are trading on the Mexican stock market. The ADS which trade on the NYSE still consist of twelve underlying Shares, but they are all Series B Shares, with full voting rights.
Currently, the Company’s Common Stock consists of 600,000,000 Series B Shares with full voting rights.
A. | Major Shareholders |
The Robinson Bours family owns the 82.75% of the total shares outstanding of the Company. They have established two Mexican trusts (“Control Trust” and “Family Trust”) that together held 496,500,000 Shares outstanding as of the date of this Annual Report.
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The following table sets forth the Company’s main shareholders as of December 31, 2011.
Shares | Position | Country | ||||||||||
Control Trust | 312,000,000 | 52.00 | % | Mexico | ||||||||
Family Trust | 184,500,000 | 30.75 | % | Mexico | ||||||||
Royce & Associates LLC | 19,653,228 | 3.3 | % | U.S. | ||||||||
Fidelity Management & Research Co. | 12,000,000 | 2.0 | % | U.S. | ||||||||
River Road Asset Management LLC | 9,826,488 | 1.6 | % | U.S. | ||||||||
Tradewinds Global Investor LLC | 6,023,016 | 1.0 | % | U.S. |
All shares B Class with full voting rights.
As of March 31, 2012 there have been no changes in the composition of the main shareholders of the Company.
As of December 31, 2011, from the 100.0% of the total Shares of the Company, there were approximately 40 shareholders in the NYSE (there are no changes as of March 31, 2012). On the same date, there were 5,221,136 ADSs outstanding on the NYSE (There were 6,071,748 ADSs as of December 31, 2011), representing 10.4% of the total Shares of the Company or the 60.5% of the free float. Based on these figures, we can assume that the 39.5% remaining is trading at the Mexican Stock Exchange. According with most recent information providing by Stock houses at the date of our 2011 Bachoco’s Stockholders Annual meeting, we accounted with 247 Shareholders at the BMV.
B. | Related Party Transactions |
It is our policy not to engage in any transaction with or for the benefit of any stockholder or member of the Board of Directors, or any entity controlled by such a person or in which such a person has a substantial economic interest, unless (i) the transaction is related to our business and (ii) the price and other terms are at least as favorable to us as those that could be obtained on an arm’s-length basis from a third party.
We have engaged in a variety of transactions with entities owned by members of the Robinson Bours family, all of which we believe were consistent with this policy and not material to our business and results of operations.
We expect to engage in similar transactions in the future. All of these transactions are described below.
We regularly purchase vehicles and related equipment from distributors owned by various members of the Robinson Bours family. The distribution of vehicles and related equipment is a highly competitive aspect of business in the areas in which we operate. We are not dependent on affiliated distributors and are able to ensure that the pricing and service we obtain from affiliated distributors are competitive with those available from other suppliers.
The Robinson Bours Stockholders also own Taxis Aereos del Noroeste, S.A. de C.V., an air transport company that provides transportation for members of the Board of Directors to and from meetings at our headquarters in Celaya, Guanajuato in Mexico.
We purchased feed and packaging materials from enterprises owned by Robinson Bours Stockholders, the family of Enrique Robinson Bours and the family of Juan Bautista Robinson Bours.
We also have accounts payable to related parties. These transactions took place among companies owned by the same set of stockholders.
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Neither we nor our subsidiaries have loaned any money to any of our directors or officers, controlling shareholders or entities controlled by these parties.
In million of Mexican Pesos | ||||||||||||
Third Parties Transactions | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | |||||||||
Purchases of feed and packaging materials | Ps. | 415 | 340 | 477 | ||||||||
Purchases of vehicles and related equipment | Ps. | 139 | 136 | 145 | ||||||||
Air Transportation Services | Ps. | 10 | 9 | 10 | ||||||||
Accounts payable to third parties | Ps. | 68 | 61 | 83 |
See Note 6 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for more detail.
C. | Interests of Experts and Counsel |
Not applicable.
ITEM 8. Financial Information
A. | Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information |
Our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements are included in Item 18 of this Annual Report. The financial statements were audited by an independent registered public accounting firm and are accompanied by their audit reports.
In 2008, the Company’s Board of Directors, as per the Audit Committee’s recommendation, approved the selection of KPMG Cardenas Dosal, S.C. as the Company’s independent auditor. The Board of Directors has ratified the appointment of KPMG, Cardenas Dosal, S.C. in the subsequent years.
Our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with Mexican FRS, which differ in certain respects from U.S. GAAP. Note 23 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements provides a description of the principal differences between Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP as they relate to us and a reconciliation to U.S. GAAP of Consolidated stockholders’ equity, consolidated net income, a consolidated statement of stockholders’ equity and a consolidated cash flow statements under U.S. GAAP as of December 31, 2010 and 2011, and for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011.
Legal Proceedings
We are a party to certain legal proceedings in the ordinary course of our business. We believe that none of these proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, is likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s Audited Consolidated Financial positions and consolidated results of operations.
Dividends Policy
Pursuant to Mexican law and our bylaws, the declaration, amount and payment of annual dividends are determined by a majority vote of the shareholders, generally but not necessarily on the recommendation of the Board of Directors.
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At the Company's annual shareholder's meeting held on April 25, 2012, the Board of Directors approved a cash dividend payment of Ps. 0.50 per share or Ps. 6.00 per ADS to be paid in two equal installments in the months of May and July of 2012.
For years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
Dividends | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | |||||||||
Total dividends paid (in millions) | Ps. | 250.0 | 250.1 | 299.9 | ||||||||
Dividend paid per Share (in pesos) | Ps. | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.50 | ||||||||
Dividends paid per ADS (in pesos) | Ps. | 5.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 |
Although there can be no assurance as to the amount or timing of future dividends, we expect to pay an annual dividend pro rata to holders of outstanding Shares in an amount of approximately 20.0% of the prior year’s net income. The declaration and payment of dividends will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements, future prospects and other factors deemed relevant by the Board of Directors and the shareholders, including debt instruments which may limit our ability to pay dividends.
Because we are a holding company with no significant operations of our own, we will have distributable profits and cash to pay dividends only to the extent that we receive dividends from our subsidiaries, principally BSACV. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will pay dividends or of the amount of any such dividends. BSACV, our principal operating subsidiary, could, in the future, enter into loan agreements containing covenants whose terms limit its ability to pay dividends under certain circumstances.
Mexican law requires that 5.0% of our net income each year (after profit sharing and other deductions required by Mexican law) be allocated to a legal reserve fund until such fund reaches an amount equal to at least 20.0% of our capital stock. Mexican corporations may pay dividends only out of earnings (including retained earnings after all losses have been absorbed or paid up) and only after such allocation to the legal reserve fund. The level of earnings available for the payment of dividends is determined under Mexican FRS.
B. | Significant Changes |
In January, 2009, the Mexican Banking and Securities Commission (Comision Nacional Bancaria y de Valores, “CNBV”) published certain amendments to the Rules for Public Companies and other participants in the Mexican Securities Market (Disposiciones de Caracter General Aplicables a las Emisoras de Valores y a otros Participantes del Mercado de Valores – the “Rules”) that require public companies to report financial information in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”), effective as of January 1st 2012.
On January 1, 2012, we adopted IFRS, meeting the CNBV requirements. The Company must release its first quarter, 2012 unaudited results under IFRS, no later than May 2, 2012. IFRS differs in certain significant respects from Mexican FRS. See Note 22 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the principal differences among IFRS and Mexican FRS as they apply to us.
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We believe that the adoption of IFRS will provide more certainty to our international investors, and will cut some of the costs we incur in adjusting our financial information to foreign financial reporting requirements.
ITEM 9. The Offer and Listing
A. | Offer and Listing Details |
We trade with fully registered shares, comprising one single class of shares with full rights. On the NYSE, each of our ADSs represents twelve shares. The Bank of New York Mellon is our Depositary Bank.
The following tables set forth the high, low and close prices of the Shares on the BMV and NYSE, reported by this companies, for each of the periods indicated.
Mexican Stock Exchange | The New York Stock Exchange | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Ticker Symbol: Bachoco | Ticker Symbol: IBA | |||||||||||||||||||||||
In nominal pesos per Share | In U.S. Dollar per ADS | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Year | High | Low | Close | High | Low | Close | ||||||||||||||||||
2007 | 30.96 | 20.00 | 28.60 | 35.11 | 24.10 | 31.81 | ||||||||||||||||||
2008 | 30.15 | 14.21 | 15.99 | 33.34 | 12.75 | 14.50 | ||||||||||||||||||
2009 | 26.00 | 11.85 | 25.00 | 23.16 | 9.03 | 23.00 | ||||||||||||||||||
2010 | 26.99 | 18.40 | 25.55 | 26.10 | 17.01 | 24.19 | ||||||||||||||||||
2011 | 27.86 | 20.30 | 22.30 | 28.75 | 17.40 | 19.07 | ||||||||||||||||||
Quarter | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
1Q-2010 | 25.45 | 21.00 | 22.79 | 23.99 | 19.70 | 22.15 | ||||||||||||||||||
2Q-2010 | 24.50 | 18.50 | 18.50 | 22.74 | 17.01 | 17.01 | ||||||||||||||||||
3Q-2010 | 21.50 | 18.40 | 20.53 | 19.67 | 17.16 | 18.95 | ||||||||||||||||||
4Q-2010 | 26.99 | 20.50 | 25.55 | 26.10 | 19.07 | 24.19 | ||||||||||||||||||
1Q-2011 | 27.84 | 25.00 | 27.53 | 28.00 | 24.20 | 27.97 | ||||||||||||||||||
2Q-2011 | 27.86 | 23.66 | 23.66 | 28.75 | 24.10 | 24.10 | ||||||||||||||||||
3Q-2011 | 25.87 | 20.95 | 25.60 | 24.62 | 20.00 | 22.47 | ||||||||||||||||||
4Q-2011 | 25.50 | 20.30 | 22.30 | 22.79 | 17.40 | 19.07 | ||||||||||||||||||
Month | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Oct 2011 | 25.50 | 24.20 | 24.65 | 22.79 | 21.45 | 22.57 | ||||||||||||||||||
Nov 2011 | 24.58 | 22.55 | 23.30 | 21.97 | 19.55 | 20.07 | ||||||||||||||||||
Dec 2011 | 23.08 | 20.30 | 22.30 | 20.73 | 17.42 | 19.07 | ||||||||||||||||||
Jan 2012 | 22.10 | 21.64 | 21.87 | 20.58 | 18.86 | 20.08 | ||||||||||||||||||
Feb 2012 | 23.30 | 21.74 | 21.74 | 21.85 | 20.24 | 20.24 | ||||||||||||||||||
Mar 2012 | 22.60 | 20.70 | 22.50 | 21.10 | 19.08 | 21.06 |
Market Maker
On January 24, 2011, the Company announced the hiring of Accival as its market maker in order to promote and increase liquidity of its shares listed on the BMV.
The market maker was traded for two periods of six months and ended its operation on December 24, 2011. Although there was a significant increase in trading volume, the Company decided not to renew a third period with the market maker, but we can hire Accival in 2012 if the Company considers appropriate for the operation of its securities.
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B. | Plan of Distribution |
Not applicable.
C. | Markets |
On September 19, 1997, Bachoco commenced trading on the BMV, and on the NYSE. As of March 31, 2012 there were 5,221,136 ADSs outstanding at the NYSE, It represents 10.4% of the total Shares of the Company or the 60.5% of the free float. Based on these figures, we can assume that the 39.5% remaining is trading at the Mexican Stock Exchange, besides the 82.75% of shares that owns the Robinson Bours Family.
Exchange | Country | Ticker Symbol | Securities | |||
BMV | Mexico | Bachoco | Shares | |||
NYSE | U.S. | IBA | ADS |
D. | Selling Shareholders |
Not applicable.
E. | Dilution |
Not applicable.
F. | Expenses of the Issue |
Not applicable.
ITEM 10. Additional Information
A. | Share Capital |
Not applicable.
B. | Memorandum and Articles of Association |
Information regarding the memorandum and articles of association are included in our F-1 Form and, an English translation of our bylaws is attached in this annual report, and is incorporated by reference herein and is also available on our web page www.bachoco.com.mx.
The discussion set forth below contains information concerning our capital stock and a brief summary of the material provisions of the bylaws and applicable Mexican law. This summary does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the bylaws and the applicable provisions of Mexican law.
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General
The Company was incorporated on April 17, 1980 as a variable capital corporation (sociedad anonima de capital variable) under the laws of Mexico. To fully comply with Mexican laws, the Company modified its name to Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. (sociedad anonima bursatil de capital variable) in April 2007.
In 1995, our stockholders authorized the issuance of up to 15,525,000 additional Series B Shares and 15,525,000 additional Series L Shares, all constituting fixed capital, to be issued in connection with the global offering of Shares that took place on September 19, 1997 (the “Global Offering”).
On April 21, 1997, we restructured our capital by (i) declaring a four-to-one stock split of the 106,678,125 Series B Shares and 35,559,375 Series L Shares outstanding, (ii) converting 7,762,500 Series L Shares (on a post-split basis) into Series B Shares and (iii) combining all of the 434,475,000 Series B Shares and 134,475,000 Series L Shares outstanding (in each case, on a post-split basis) into 134,475,000 Units and 150,000,000 B Units. Holders of Units were entitled to exercise all the rights of holders of the Series B Shares and Series L Shares underlying their Units. Each B Unit consisted of two Series B Shares. B Units entitle the holders thereof to exercise all the rights of holders of the Series B Shares underlying such B Units. Immediately prior to the Global Offering, our outstanding capital stock consisted of 434,475,000 Series B Shares and 134,475,000 Series L Shares, all of which were duly authorized, validly issued and are fully paid and non-assessable.
During the annual shareholders meeting held on April 26, 2006, shareholders approved to proceed with the anticipated conversion of the Series L Shares into Series B Shares, which have full voting rights. This conversion was effective in September 2006 and included two steps: separating the UBL and UBB Units currently trading on the Mexican Stock Exchange into their component Shares, and converting the Series L Shares into Series B Shares (on a one-to-one basis), thereby created a single share class, the Series B Shares, which represents all of our Common Stock.
The Robinson Bours Stockholders have advised us that they intend to ensure that the Control Trust will hold at least 51.0% of the Series B Shares at any time outstanding. See “—Foreign Investment Legislation” in this Item.
On April 27, 2011 during the extraordinary Stockholders meeting the Article Two - XII of our bylaws were modified as follows:
Prior language | Current language | |
Produce, transform, adapt, import, export, purchase and sell, under any title, machinery, parts, materials, raw materials, industrial products, goods and merchandise of any kind |
“Produce, transform, adapt or manufacturing of processed food in package and/or canned and/or in flask, as well as import, export, purchase and sell, under any title, machinery, parts, materials, raw materials, industrial products, goods and merchandise of any kind”
|
An English translation of our complete bylaws is attached in this annual report.
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Registration and Transfer
Shares are evidenced by certificates in registered form, which may have dividend coupons attached. We maintain a registry and, in accordance with Mexican law, we recognize as stockholders only those holders listed in the stock registry. Stockholders may hold their Shares in the form of physical certificates (which, together with notations made in our stock registry, evidence ownership of the Shares) or through book entries with institutions that have accounts with Indeval.
Indeval is the holder of record in respect of Shares held through it. Accounts may be maintained at Indeval by brokerage houses, banks and other entities approved by the CNBV. Ownership of Shares maintained at Indeval is evidenced through Indeval’s records and through lists kept by Indeval participants.
In accordance with Article 130 of the Ley General de Sociedades Mercantiles (“Mexican Corporations Law”), the Board of Directors must authorize any transfer of stock, or any securities based on such stock, when the number of Shares sought to be transferred in one act or a succession of acts, without limit of time or from one group of interrelated stockholders or stockholders who act in concert, constitutes 10.0% or more of the voting stock issued by the Company. If the Board of Directors refuses to authorize such a transfer, the Board must designate one or more purchasers of the stock, who must pay the interested party the prevailing price on the Mexican Stock Exchange. The Board must issue its resolution within three months of the date on which it receives the relevant request for authorization and in any case, must consider: (i) the criteria that are in the best interests of the Company, the Company’s operations and the long-term vision of the activities of the Company and its Subsidiaries; (ii) that no shareholder of the Company is excluded, other than the person that intends to acquire control of the financial benefits that may result from the application of the terms of this clause; (iii) that the taking of the Control of the Company is not restricted in an absolute manner; (iv) that the provisions of the Securities Market Law, with respect to acquisition public offerings, are not contravened; and (v) that the exercise of the patrimonial rights of the acquirer are not rendered without effect.
If any person participates in a transaction that would have resulted in the acquisition of 10.0% or more voting stock of the Company without having obtained the board’s prior approval, they must pay the Company a fine equal to the market value of the Shares.
Any person who participates in an act that violates the terms of Article 130 discussed in the preceding paragraph will be obligated to pay the Company a fine in an amount equal to the value of the Shares owned directly or indirectly by the stockholder, or the value of the Shares involved in the prohibited transaction, if such person does not own Shares issued by the Company. In the case of a prohibited transaction that would have resulted in the acquisition of 10.0% or more of the voting stock of the Company, the fine will be equal to the market value of those Shares, provided that board authorization was not obtained in advance.
According to our bylaws, a majority of the members of the Board of Directors must authorize in writing, by a resolution made at a Board of Directors’ meeting, any change in the control of the Company. Our Board of Directors has the right to decide if a person or a group of persons is acting for the purpose of acquiring control of the Company.
“Control” or “Controlled” means (i) to directly or indirectly impose decisions at the general meetings of shareholders, stockholders or equivalent bodies or to appoint or remove the majority of the directors, managers or equivalent officers; (ii) to hold title to the rights that directly or indirectly allow the exercise of votes with respect to more than fifty percent of the capital stock; or (iii) to directly or indirectly direct the management, the strategy or the principal policies of the Company, whether through the ownership of securities, by contract or otherwise.
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Voting Rights and Stockholders’ Meetings
Each share entitles the holder thereof to one vote at any general meeting of the stockholders. Holders are currently entitled to elect all members of the Board of Directors.
Our bylaws provide that the Board of Directors shall consist of at least five members and no more than twenty one. The stockholders also appointed four alternate Shareholder Directors to the Board of Directors.
General stockholders’ meetings may be ordinary or extraordinary meetings. Extraordinary general meetings are meetings called to consider the matters specified in Article 182 of the Mexican Corporations Law and the bylaws, including changes in the fixed portion of the capital stock and other amendments to the bylaws, liquidation, merger, transformation from one type of corporate form to another, change in nationality and changes of corporate purposes.
General meetings called to consider all other matters, including election of the directors, are ordinary meetings. An ordinary general meeting of the Company must be held at least annually during the four months following the end of the preceding fiscal year to consider certain matters specified in Article 181 and 182 of the Mexican Corporations Law, including, principally, the election of directors, the approval of the report of the Board of Directors regarding their company’s performance, the Company’s financial statements for the preceding fiscal year and the allocation of the profits and losses of the preceding year, and to approve the transactions that the Company or the entities that the Company controls intend to carry out, in terms of article 47 of the Securities Market Law, in one fiscal year, when such transactions represent 20.0% (twenty percent) or more of the consolidated assets of the Company, based on the figures corresponding to the closing of the immediately preceding quarter, independently of the manner in which such transactions are carried out, whether simultaneously or successively, but which due to their characteristics, may be considered as a single transaction. Holders of Shares may vote at such Meetings.
Under our bylaws, the quorum on first call for a general ordinary meeting is at least 50%. If a quorum is not available on first call, a second meeting may be called at which action may be taken by a majority of those present, regardless of the number of Shares represented at the meeting. On a second call, Ordinary General Shareholders’ Meetings will be considered validly held regardless of the number of common or ordinary Shares represented therein and the resolutions of such Meetings will be valid when passed by majority vote of the Common Stock therein.
The quorum on first call for a general extraordinary meeting or a special meeting is 75% of the outstanding Shares with voting rights on the matters to be addressed in that meeting. If a quorum is not available on first call, a second meeting may be called, provided that at least 50% of the outstanding Shares with voting rights on the matters to be addressed in that meeting are represented.
Our bylaws require the approval of holders of at least 95% of the outstanding Shares and the approval of the CNBV for the amendment of the controlling stockholders’ obligation under the bylaws to repurchase Shares and certain other provisions in the event of delisting. See “—Other Provisions—Repurchase in the Event of Delisting.” For more detail, see our bylaws on our webpage at www.bachoco.com.mx. Holders of ADSs are entitled to instruct the Depositary as to the exercise of the voting rights.
According to our bylaws, stockholders with a right to vote may ask to postpone a vote on any matters on which they believe they do not have enough information as defined by Article 199 of the Mexican Corporation Law. Stockholders with a right to vote, including a limited right to vote, and who hold at least 20% of the capital stock, may legally object to the decisions of a general stockholders’ meeting, with respect to matters in which they have rights, without the percentage established under article 201 of the General Law of Business Entities being applicable in such case.
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Moreover, holders of shares having voting rights, including limited or restricted voting rights or holders of Shares without voting rights that jointly or individually represent 5% or more of the capital stock, may directly exercise the action of liability against the members and secretary of the Board of Directors, as well as against the relevant directors or executive officers. The exercise of such action will not be subject to the compliance with the requirements set forth under articles 161 and 163 of the General Law of Business Entities.
The Board of Directors, or its President or Secretary or the judicial authority, as applicable, must issue notices of calls of Shareholders’ Meetings. In addition, shareholders that jointly or separately represent at least 10% of the capital of the Company may request the President of the Board of Directors or the President of the Audit Committee to call a General Shareholder’s Meeting, without the percentage indicated under article 184 of the General Law of Business Entities being applicable for such purpose. If the notice of meeting is not issued within fifteen days after the date of the corresponding request, a Civil or District Judge of the Company’s domicile will issue such notice at the request of the interested parties that represent the requesting 10% of the capital, who must present their stock certificates for such purpose.
At least 15 days prior to the meeting, notice of the meeting must be published in the Diario Oficial de la Federacion (“Official Gazette”) or in a newspaper of general circulation in Mexico City. Stockholders’ meetings may be held without such publication provided that 100% of the outstanding Shares with voting rights on the matters to be addressed by such meeting are represented.
From the moment that a call for a stockholders’ meeting is made public, all the information related to the meeting must be available to the stockholders. In order to attend a stockholders’ meeting, a stockholder must request and obtain an admission card by furnishing, at least 24 hours before the time set for holding the stockholders’ meeting, appropriate evidence of ownership of Shares in us and depositing such Shares with our corporate secretary or with an institution authorized to accept such deposit. If so entitled to attend the meeting, a stockholder may be represented by proxy signed before two witnesses. Additionally, the stockholder may be represented at the stockholders’ meetings by a person named by proxy, on a printed form that we issue, which, under Mexican law, must identify our Company and indicate clearly the matters to be addressed in the meeting, with enough space for the instructions that the stockholder specifies. We are obliged to make information on the upcoming meeting available to the intermediaries in the stock market, for the time specified in Article 173 of the Mexican Law, in order to give the intermediaries time to send it to the stockholders they represent. The Secretary of the Board of Directors must verify that this requirement is met and report on this matter at the stockholders’ meeting. See “—Registration and Transfer.”
Members of the Board
Under the Mexican Corporations Law, a Board of Directors must conform to the following requirements:
- | The Board of Directors will be integrated by a minimum of five and a maximum of twenty-one principal members. |
- | At least twenty-five percent of the members of the Board of Directors must be independent, in accordance with the terms of article 24 of the Securities Market Law. |
- | For each principal member, a substitute will be appointed, in the understanding that the substitutes of independent Board members must also be independent. |
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Besides satisfying all of the requirements mentioned above, failure to meet these standards for any reason will not constitute grounds for judicial action challenging any act, contract, or agreement undertaken by the board, an intermediate committee or other delegated authority. Furthermore, such standards will not be mandatory for the validity or existence of such acts.
The Board of Directors must meet at least every three months at our address or any other place in Mexico and on the dates that the board determines. Meetings previously scheduled in accordance with a schedule pre-approved by the board do not need to be called. Meetings must be called by at least 25% of the members of the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Secretary or the Alternate Secretary of the Board or the President of the Audit Committee. Members of the board must be notified via e-mail or in writing at least five calendar days in advance of a meeting.
Dividends and Distributions
At the annual ordinary general stockholders’ meeting, the Board of Directors submits our financial statements for the previous fiscal year, together with a report thereon by the board, to the holders of Shares for their consideration. The holders of Shares, once they have approved the financial statements, determine the allocation of our net profits, if any, for the preceding year. As of December 31, 2012, our legal reserve fund was equal to at least 20% of our paid-in capital stock. Amounts in excess of those allocated to the legal reserve fund may be allocated to other reserve funds as the stockholders determine, including a reserve for the repurchase of our Shares. The remaining balance of net profits, if any, is available for distribution as dividends. No dividends may be paid, however, unless losses for prior fiscal years have been paid or absorbed.
Holders of shares and, accordingly, holders of ADSs will have equal rights, on a per Share basis, to dividends and other distributions, including any distributions we make upon liquidation. Partially paid Shares participate in any distribution to the extent that such Shares have been paid at the time of the distribution or, if not paid, only with respect to the proportion paid.
Changes in Capital Stock
An increase of capital stock may generally be affected through the issuance of new shares for payment in cash or in kind, by capitalization of indebtedness or by capitalization of certain items of stockholders’ equity. An increase of capital stock generally may not be realized until all previously issued and subscribed Shares of capital stock have been fully paid. Generally, a reduction of capital stock may be effected to absorb losses, to redeem Shares, or to release stockholders from payments not made. A reduction of capital stock to redeem Shares is effected by reimbursing holders of Shares pro rata or by lot. Stockholders may also approve the redemption of fully paid Shares with retained earnings. Such redemption would be affected by a repurchase of Shares on the Mexican Stock Exchange (in the case of Shares listed thereon).
Except under limited circumstances, the bylaws require that any capital increase affected pursuant to a capital contribution be represented Shares.
The fixed portion of our capital stock may only be increased or decreased by resolution of a general extraordinary meeting and an amendment to the bylaws, whereas the variable portion of our capital stock may be increased or decreased by resolution of a general ordinary meeting. See “Other Provisions—Fixed and Variable Capital.”
No resolution by the stockholders is required for decreases in capital stock resulting from exercise of our right to withdraw variable Shares or from our repurchase of our own Shares or for increases in capital stock resulting from our sale of Shares we previously purchased. See “Other Provisions—Purchase by the Company of its Shares” and “Other Provisions—Appraisal Rights.”
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Preemptive Rights
Except in certain limited circumstances, in the event of a capital increase through the issuance of new Shares for payment in cash or in kind, a holder of existing Shares of a given Series at the time of the capital increase has a preferential right to subscribe for a sufficient number of new Shares of the same Series to maintain the holder’s existing proportionate holdings of Shares of that Series or, in the event of a capital increase through the issuance of limited-voting or non-voting stock only, to subscribe for a sufficient number of the Shares to be issued to maintain the holder’s existing proportionate holdings of our capital stock. Preemptive rights must be exercised within 15 days following the publication of notice of the capital increase in the Diario Oficial de la Federacion (Official Gazette) or following the date of the stockholders’ meeting at which the capital increase was approved if all stockholders were represented at such meeting; otherwise, such rights will lapse. Under Mexican law, preemptive rights cannot be waived in advance by a stockholder, except under limited circumstances, and cannot be represented by an instrument that is negotiable separately from the corresponding share. The Robinson Bours Stockholders, including the Selling Stockholders, have waived all preemptive rights with respect to the Shares and the ADSs being offered in the Global Offering. Holders of ADSs that are U.S. citizens or are located in the United States may be restricted in their ability to participate in the exercise of preemptive rights.
Foreign Investment Legislation
Ownership by foreigners of Shares of Mexican companies is regulated by the Ley de Inversion Extranjera (“Foreign Investment Law”) and by the Reglamento de la Ley para Promover la Inversion Mexicana y Regular la Inversion Extranjera (“Foreign Investment Regulations”). The Ministry of Commerce and Industrial Development and the Foreign Investment Commission are responsible for the administration of the Foreign Investment Law.
The Foreign Investment Law reserves certain economic activities exclusively for the Mexican state and certain other activities exclusively for Mexican individuals or Mexican corporations, and limits the participation of foreign investors to certain percentages in regard to enterprises engaged in activities specified therein. Foreign investors may own up to 100.0% of the capital stock of Mexican companies or entities, except for companies (i) engaged in reserved activities as referred to above or (ii) with assets exceeding an amount to be established annually by the Foreign Investment Commission, in which case an approval from the Foreign Investment Commission will be necessary in order for foreign investment to exceed 49.0% of the capital stock. Mexican and non-Mexican nationals will be entitled to hold and to exercise the rights of holders. The Robinson Bours Stockholders have advised us that they intend to maintain a control position. Pursuant to our bylaws, foreigners may only own Shares up to 49.0%.
Other Provisions
Fixed and variable capital. As a sociedad anonima de capital variable, we are permitted to issue Shares constituting fixed capital and Shares constituting variable capital. The issuance of variable capital Shares, unlike the issuance of fixed capital Shares, does not require an amendment of the bylaws, although it does require approval at a general ordinary stockholders’ meeting.
In no case may the capital of the Company be decreased to less than the minimum required by law and any decrease in the shareholders’ equity must be registered in the Equity Variations Book that the Company will keep for such purpose.
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Repurchase in the event of delisting. In the event of cancellation of the registration of the Company’s Shares in such Registry, whether at the request of the Company or by a resolution of the National Securities and Banking Commission under applicable law, the Company agrees to make a public offering for the acquisition of the total number of the Shares registered prior to the cancellation. The Company must contribute to a trust for at least six months, the necessary resources to purchase at the same price of the public offering, the Shares of the investors that did not attend or did not accept such offer, in case that after the public offering for purchase has been made and prior to the cancellation of the registration of the Shares that represent the capital stock of the Company or of other securities issued based on such Shares in the National Securities Registry, the Company had been unable to acquire 100.0% of the paid in capital stock.
Forfeiture of Shares. As required by Mexican law, our bylaws provide that our current and future foreign stockholders are formally bound to the Mexican Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores (“Ministry of Foreign Relations”) to consider themselves as Mexican nationals with respect to our Shares that they may acquire or of which they may be owners, and with respect to the property, rights, concessions, participations or interests that we may own or rights and obligations that are based on contracts to which we are party with the Mexican authorities, and not to invoke the protection of their government under penalty, should they do so, of forfeiting to the Mexican State the corporate participation that they may have acquired. In the opinion of Galicia & Robles, S.C., our special Mexican counsel, under this provision a non-Mexican stockholder (including a non-Mexican holder of ADSs) is deemed to have agreed not to invoke the protection of his own government by requesting such government to interpose a diplomatic claim against the Mexican government with respect to the stockholder’s rights as a stockholder, but is not deemed to have waived any other rights it may have with respect to its investment in us, including any rights under U.S. securities laws. If the stockholder should invoke such governmental protection in violation of this agreement, its Shares could be forfeited to the Mexican State. Mexican law requires that such a provision be included in the bylaws of all Mexican corporations unless such bylaws prohibit ownership of capital stock by foreign investors.
Exclusive Jurisdiction. Our bylaws provide that legal actions relating to any conflict between our stockholders and us, or among the stockholders in connection with matters related to us, may be brought only in courts in Mexico City. Therefore, our stockholders are restricted to the courts of Mexico City.
Duration. The duration of our existence under our bylaws is indefinite.
Repurchase of our own Shares. We may repurchase our Shares on the Mexican Stock Exchange at any time at the then prevailing market price. Any repurchases will be charged to the Stockholders Equity as long as these Shares belong to the same Company or to the Capital Stock in the event that we convert these Shares to treasury stock, and in this last case no resolution of the stockholders’ meeting is required. At each annual ordinary Stockholder’s Meeting, the maximum amount of resources that may be used to repurchase Shares will be expressly defined. The Board of Directors will name the persons responsible for the operation of the repurchase process. The Shares that belong to the Treasury Stock or us can be resold among the public stockholders; in the latter case, no resolution of a stockholders’ meeting is necessary for an increase in capital. The economic and voting rights corresponding to such repurchased Shares may not be exercised during the period in which such Shares are owned by us, and such Shares are not deemed to be outstanding for purposes of calculating any quorum or vote at any stockholders’ meeting during such period.
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Non-Subscribed Shares. With prior authorization of the CNBV, we may issue non-subscribed Shares provided that such Shares will be held by a depositary institution and that there is compliance with the conditions of Article 53 of the Ley del Mercado de Valores (“Mexican Securities Law”). In any extraordinary stockholders’ meeting at which this issuance of non-subscribed Shares is approved, the preference rights established by Article 132 of the Mexican Corporations Law must be respected. With a quorum at the meeting, the approval of the issuance will take effect, even with respect to stockholders that were not present at the meeting, such that we will be free to issue these Shares with no prior publication. When a minority of stockholders representing at least 25.0% of the voting capital stock vote against the issuance of these Shares, such issuance cannot be made. Any stockholder that votes against this issuance at the stockholders’ meeting will have the right to request that we sell its Shares before issuing the new non-subscribed Shares. In such event, we will have the obligation to sell first the Shares belonging to such stockholders, at the same price that the non-subscribed Shares are to be offered to the public.
Stockholder Conflicts of Interest. Under Mexican law, any stockholder that has a conflict of interest with respect to any transaction must abstain from voting thereon at the relevant stockholders’ meeting. A stockholder that votes on a business transaction in which its interest conflicts with that of ours may be liable for damages if the transaction would not have been approved without such stockholder’s vote.
Board Member Conflicts of Interest. Under Mexican law, any member of the Board of Directors who has a conflict of interest with us in any transaction must disclose such fact to the other members of the Board of Directors and abstain from voting. Any member of the Board of Directors who violates such provision may be liable for damages caused to us. Additionally, members of the Board of Directors and statutory auditors may not represent other stockholders at any stockholders’ meeting.
Appraisal Rights. Whenever the stockholders approve a change of corporate purpose, a change in our nationality or transformation from one type of corporation form to another, any stockholder entitled to vote on such change or transformation who has voted against it has the right to withdraw from us and receive the amount calculated as specified under Mexican law attributable to its Shares, provided such stockholder exercises its right to withdraw within 15 days following the adjournment of the meeting at which the change or transformation was approved. Under Mexican law, the amount that a withdrawing stockholder is entitled to receive is equal to its proportionate interest in our capital stock according to the most recent balance sheet that has been approved by an ordinary general meeting of stockholders.
Actions against Directors. Under Mexican law, holders of Shares having voting rights, including limited or restricted voting rights or holders of Shares without voting rights that jointly or individually represent 5.0% (five percent) or more of the capital stock, may directly exercise the action of liability against the members and secretary of the Board of Directors, as well as against the relevant directors or executive officers. The exercise of such action, among others, will be subject to the compliance with the requirements set forth under the Mexican Law.
Audit Committee and Corporate Practices
Under our bylaws, the Board of Directors is required to create an Audit Committee and Corporate Practices under the terms and conditions outlined below:
- | The Audit Committee and Corporate Practices will consist of members of the Board of Directors. The President of the Audit Committee and Corporate Practices and a majority of the committee members must be independent, as independence is defined under the Mexican Securities Market Law. |
- | The mandate of the audit committee and corporate practices is to establish and monitor procedures and controls in order to ensure that the financial information we distribute is useful, appropriate and reliable, and accurately reflects our financial position. |
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For more detail or to read more about the Committee’s activities please refer to “Audit Committee and Corporate Practices” section in Item 6 to this Annual Report. For additional information, also see Article 35 of the Mexican Securities Market Law.
Related Party Transactions
See “Related Party Transactions” included in Item 7 to this Annual Report.
C. | Material Contracts |
None.
D. | Exchange Controls |
Ownership by foreigners of Mexican companies is regulated by the Foreign Investment Law and by the Foreign Investment Regulations. The Ministry of Commerce and Industrial Development and the Foreign Investment Commission are responsible for the administration of the Foreign Investment Law.
The Foreign Investment Law reserves certain economic activities exclusively for the Mexican Government and certain other activities exclusively for Mexican individuals or Mexican corporations and limits the participation of foreign investors to certain percentages in regard to enterprises engaged in activities specified therein. Foreign investors may own 100% of the capital stock of Mexican companies or entities, except for companies (i) engaged in reserved activities as referred to above or (ii) with assets exceeding an amount to be established annually by the Foreign Investment Commission in which case an approval from the Foreign Investment Commission shall be necessary in order for foreign investment to exceed 49.0% of the capital stock. Mexican and non-Mexican nationals will be entitled to hold and to exercise the rights of holders. The Robinson Bours Stockholders have advised us that they intend to maintain a control position of his shares. Pursuant to our bylaws, foreigners may only own Shares up to 49% of shares.
E. | Taxation |
The following discussion is a general summary of the principal U.S. federal income tax consequences and the principal Mexican federal tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of Shares or ADSs. This summary does not purport to address all material tax consequences that may be relevant to holders of Shares or ADSs, and does not take into account the specific circumstances of any particular investors, some of which (such as tax-exempt entities, banks, insurance companies, broker-dealers, traders in securities that elect to use a mark-to-market method of accounting for their securities holdings, regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, partnerships and other pass-through entities, investors liable for the U.S. alternative minimum tax, investors that own or are treated as owning 10% or more of our voting stock, investors that hold Shares or ADSs as part of a straddle, hedge, conversion transaction or other integrated transaction and U.S. Holders (as defined below) whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar) may be subject to special tax rules. In addition, this summary is based in part upon the representations of the Depositary and the assumption that each obligation in the deposit agreement, and in any related agreement, will be performed in accordance with its terms.
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For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Holder” is any beneficial owner of Shares or ADSs that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is:
- | an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States; |
- | a corporation (or other entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; |
- | an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax without regard to its source; or |
- | a trust that is subject to the primary supervision of a U.S. court and the control of one or more U.S. persons, or that has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person. |
If a partnership holds Shares or ADSs, the tax treatment of a partner will generally depend upon the status of the partner and upon the activities of the partnership. A partner of a partnership considering the purchase of Shares or ADSs should consult its own independent tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of investing in Shares or ADSs through a partnership.
Except where specifically described below, this discussion assumes that we are not a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes. See “U.S. Federal Income Taxation—Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules” below. This discussion is based on the federal income tax laws and regulations of the United States and Mexico, judicial decisions, published rulings and administrative pronouncements, all as in effect on the date hereof, and all of which are subject to change (and some changes may have retroactive effect) and different interpretations. Further, this discussion does not address U.S. federal estate and gift tax or the alternative minimum tax consequences of holding Shares or ADSs or the indirect consequences to holders or equity interests in partnerships (or any other entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) that own Shares or ADSs. In addition, this discussion does not address the non-U.S., non-Mexican, state or local tax consequences of holding Shares or ADSs. Prospective purchasers of Shares or ADSs should consult their own tax advisors as to the U.S., Mexican or other tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of Shares or ADSs, including, in particular, the effect of any non-U.S. non-Mexican, state or local tax laws.
A Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, and a Protocol thereto, between the United States and Mexico (the “Tax Treaty”) took effect on January 1, 1994. The Tax Treaty was amended by a second Protocol signed September 8, 1994. The second Protocol entered into force on October 2, 2005. The Tax Treaty was amended by a third Protocol signed November 26, 2002, the provisions of which took effect in part on September 1, 2003, and in part on January 1, 2004. The United States and Mexico have also entered into an agreement concerning the exchange of information with respect to tax matters.
In general, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, holders of ADRs evidencing ADSs will be treated as the beneficial owners of the Shares represented by those ADSs. However, see the discussion below under “Taxation of Dividends” regarding certain statements made by the U.S. Treasury concerning depository arrangements.
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U.S. Federal Income Taxation
U.S. Holders
The following discussion is a summary of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to holders of our Shares and of ADSs that are U.S. Holders and that hold those Shares or ADSs as capital assets (generally, for investment purposes).
Taxation of Dividends
Cash distributions paid with respect to the Shares or ADSs to the extent paid out of our earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles) will be included in the gross income of a U.S. Holder as ordinary income on the day on which the dividends are received by the U.S. Holder, in the case of Shares, or the Depositary, in the case of ADSs. We do not currently maintain calculations of our earnings and profits under U.S. federal income tax principles. Because these calculations are not made, distributions should be presumed to be taxable dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
A U.S. Holder will be entitled, subject to a number of complex limitations and conditions (including a minimum holding period requirement), to claim a U.S. foreign tax credit in respect of any Mexican income taxes withheld on dividends received on Shares or ADSs. U.S. Holders who do not elect to claim a credit for any foreign income taxes paid during the taxable year may instead claim a deduction in respect of such Mexican income taxes, provided the U.S. Holder elects to deduct (rather than credit) all foreign income taxes for that year. Dividends received with respect to Shares or ADSs will be treated as foreign source income, subject to various classifications and other limitations. For purposes of the U.S. foreign tax credit limitation dividends paid with respect to Shares or ADSs generally will constitute “passive category income.” For most of U.S. Holders. The U.S. Treasury Department has expressed concerns that parties to whom depositary shares such as the ADSs are released may be taking actions that are inconsistent with the claiming of foreign tax credits by U.S. Holders of such ADSs. Accordingly, the analysis of the creditability of Mexican income taxes described above could be affected by future actions that may be taken by the U.S. Treasury Department. The rules relating to computing foreign tax credits or deducting foreign taxes are extremely complex, and U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own independent tax advisors regarding the availability of foreign tax credits with respect to any Mexican income taxes withheld.
Dividends paid in pesos will be included in the gross income of a U.S. Holder in a U.S. dollar amount calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the day they are received by the U.S. Holder, in the case of Shares, or by the Depositary, in the case of ADSs (regardless of whether such pesos are in fact converted into U.S. dollars on such date). If such dividends are converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt by the U.S. Holder or the Depositary, as the case may be, the U.S. Holder generally should not be required to recognize foreign currency gain or loss in respect of the dividends. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the treatment of foreign currency gain or loss, if any, on any pesos received which are converted into U.S. dollars on a date subsequent to receipt.
Cash dividends to corporate U.S. Holders will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction allowed to corporations under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Subject to certain exceptions for short-term and hedged positions, and provided that we are not a PFIC (as discussed below), dividends received by certain U.S. Holders (including individuals) prior to January 1, 2013 with respect to the Shares or ADSs will be subject to U.S. federal income taxation at a maximum rate of 15.0% if such dividends represent “qualified dividend income.” Dividends paid on the ADSs will be treated as qualified dividend income if (i) we are eligible for the benefits of the Tax Treaty or the ADSs are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States and (ii) we were not in the year prior to the year in which the dividend was paid, and are not in the year in which the dividend is paid, a PFIC. We expect to be elegible dor the benefits of the Tax Treaty. In Addition, under current guidance recently issued by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), the ADSs should qualify as readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States so long as they are listed on the New York Stock Exchange, but no assurances can be given that the ADSs will be or remain readily tradable under future guidance.
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The U.S. Treasury Department has announced its intention to promulgate rules pursuant to which shareholders (and intermediaries) will be permitted to rely on certifications from issuers to establish that dividends qualify for the reduced rate of U.S. federal income taxation. Because such procedures have not yet been issued, we are not certain that we will be able to comply with them. U.S. Holders of Shares or ADSs should consult their own tax advisors regarding the availability of the reduced rate in the light of their own particular circumstances.
Distributions to U.S. Holders of additional Shares with respect to their Shares or ADSs that are made as part of a pro rata distribution to all of our stockholders generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. If holders of the ADSs are restricted in their ability to participate in the exercise of preemptive rights, the preemptive rights may give rise to a deemed distribution to holders of the Shares under Section 305 of the Code. Any deemed distributions will be taxable as a dividend in accordance with the general rules of the income tax treatment of dividends discussed above.
Taxation of Capital Gains
Gain or loss recognized by a U.S. Holder on the sale or other taxable disposition of Shares or ADSs generally will be subject to U.S. federal income taxation as capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between such U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the Shares or ADSs and the amount realized on the disposition. A U.S. Holder generally will have an adjusted tax basis in its Shares or ADSs equal to its U.S. dollar cost for such Shares or ADSs. Gain or loss recognized by a U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of Shares or ADSs will generally be long-term gain or loss if, at the time of disposition, the U.S. Holder has held the Shares or ADSs for more than one year.
Certain U.S. Holders, including individuals, are eligible for preferential rates of U.S. federal income tax in respect of long-term capital gains. The deduction of a capital loss is subject to limitations under the Code.
Gain realized by a U.S. Holder on a sale or other disposition of Shares or ADSs generally will be treated as U.S. source income for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes. Consequently, if any Mexican withholding tax is imposed on the sale or disposition of the Shares, a U.S. holder that does not receive significant foreign source income from other sources may not be able to derive effective U.S. foreign tax credit benefits in respect of these Mexican taxes. Alternatively, a U.S. Holder may deduct the Mexican tax withheld from its gross income, provided such U.S. Holder does not claim a foreign tax credit for any foreign income taxes paid or accrued during the taxable year. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the foreign tax credit rules to their investment in, and disposition of, the Shares or ADSs.
Deposits and withdrawals of Shares by U.S. Holders in exchange for ADSs will not result in the realization of gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
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Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules
A non-U.S. corporation generally will be classified as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes in any taxable year in which, after applying look-through rules, either (1) at least 75.0% of its gross income is passive income, or (2) on average at least 50.0% of the gross value of its assets is attributable to assets that produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income. Passive income for this purpose generally includes, among other things, dividends, interest, royalties, rents and gains from commodities and securities transactions. The determination as to whether a non-U.S. corporation is a PFIC is based on the application of complex U.S. federal income tax rules, which are suffering from different interpretations. In addition, the PFIC determination is made annually and generally is based on the value of a non-U.S. corporation’s assets (including goodwill) and composition of its income. In determining whether we are a PFIC, a pro rata portion of the income and assets of each subsidiary in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least a 25.0% interest by value is taken into account.
Based on current estimates of our income and assets, we do not believe that we were classified for our most recently-ended taxable year, or will be classified for our current taxable year, as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and we intend to continue our operations in such a manner that we will not become a PFIC in the future, although no assurances can be made regarding determination of our PFIC status in the current or any future taxable year. If we are treated as a PFIC for any taxable year, a U.S. Holder would be subject to special rules (and may be subject to increased tax liability and form filing requirements) with respect to (a) any gain realized on the sale or other disposition of Shares or ADSs, and (b) any “excess distribution” made by us to the U.S. Holder (generally, any distribution during a taxable year in which distributions to the U.S. Holder on the Shares or ADSs exceed 125.0% of the average annual distributions the U.S. Holder received on the Shares or ADSs during the preceding three taxable years or, if shorter, the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Shares or ADSs). Under those rules, (a) the gain or excess distribution would be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Shares or ADSs, (b) the amount allocated to the taxable year in which the gain or excess distribution is realized and to taxable years before the first day on which we became a PFIC would be taxable as ordinary income, (c) the amount allocated to each prior year in which the Issuer was a PFIC would be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the highest tax rate in effect for that year and (d) the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of U.S. federal income tax would be imposed in respect of the tax attributable to each prior year in which we were treated as a PFIC.
In addition, a U.S. Holder generally must file IRS Form 8621 periodically to disclose ownership of an equity interest in a PFIC during any taxable year. U.S. Holders should also be aware that recently enacted legislation may broaden the current IRS Form 8621 filing requirements or impose an additional annual filing requirement for U.S. persons owning shares of a PFIC. The legislation does not describe what information would be required to be included in either situation, but grants the Secretary of the U.S. Treasury Department power to make this determination. Moreover, dividends that a U.S. Holder receives from us will not be eligible for the reduced U.S. federal income tax rates described above for qualified dividend income if we are a PFIC either in the taxable year of the distribution or the preceding taxable year (and instead will be taxable at rates applicable to ordinary income).
Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding the potential application of the PFIC rules to Shares or ADSs and the application of recently enacted legislation to their particular situation.
Non-U.S. Holders
The following discussion is a summary of the principal U.S. federal income tax consequences to beneficial holders of Shares or ADSs that are neither U.S. Holders nor partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes (“Non-U.S. Holders”).
Subject to the discussion below under “U.S. Backup Withholding and Information Reporting,” a Non-U.S. Holder of Shares or ADSs will not be subject to dividend or U.S. federal income or withholding tax on a dividend paid by us or gain realized on the sale of Shares or ADSs, unless (i) such gain is effectively connected with the conduct by such Non-U.S. Holder of a trade or business in the United States (and, if an applicable tax treaty requires, is attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment or fixed base of such Non-U.S. Holder) or (ii) in the case of gain realized by an individual Non-U.S. Holder, such Non-U.S. Holder is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of the sale and certain other conditions are met.
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U.S. Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
In general, dividends on Shares or ADSs, and payments of the proceeds of a sale or other taxable disposition of Shares or ADSs, paid within the United States, by the U.S. payor or through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries to a U.S. Holder are subject to information reporting and may be subject to backup withholding at a current rate of 28%, unless the U.S. Holder (i) establishes that it is an exempt recipient or (ii) with respect to backup withholding, provides an accurate taxpayer identification number and certifies that it is a U.S. person and that no loss of exemption from backup withholding has occurred. Payments made within the United States, by a U.S. payor or through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries to a Non-U.S. Holder will not be subject to backup withholding tax and information reporting requirements if an appropriate certification is provided by the U.S. Holder to the payor or intermediary and the pay or intermediary does not have actual knowledge or a reason to know that the certificate is incorrect.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. The amount of any backup withholding withheld from a payment to a U.S. Holder will be allowed as a credit against the U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the IRS. A U.S. Holder generally may obtain a refund of any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules that exceed its U.S. federal income tax liability by filing a timely refund claim with the IRS.
In addition, U.S. Holders should be aware that recently enacted legislation imposes new reporting requirements with respect to the holding of foreign financial assets, including stock of foreign issuers, if the aggregate value of all of such assets exceeds $50,000, subject to certain exceptions. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the information reporting rules to our common Shares and the application of the recently enacted legislation to their particular situation.
Mexican Taxation
Taxation of Dividends
Dividends, either in cash or in any other form, paid with respect to the Shares constituting the Shares or the ADSs will not be subject to Mexican withholding tax.
Taxation of Capital Gains
Gain on the sale or other disposition of ADSs by holders who are not Mexican Residents (as defined below) will not be subject to Mexican income tax. Deposits of Shares in exchange for ADSs and withdrawals of Shares in exchange for ADSs will not give rise to Mexican income tax.
Gain on the sale of Shares by a holder who is not a Mexican Resident (as defined below) will not be subject to Mexican tax if the transaction is carried out through the Mexican Stock Exchange or other securities markets approved by the Mexican Ministry of Finance, and provided certain requirements set forth by the Mexican Income Tax Law are complied with. Sales or other dispositions of Shares made in other circumstances generally would be subject to Mexican tax, except to the extent that a holder is eligible for benefits under an income tax treaty to which Mexico is a party of. Under the Tax Treaty, gain on the sale or other disposition of Shares by a U.S. resident (if eligible for benefits under the Tax Treaty) who is a holder of less than 25% of our capital stock during the twelve-month period preceding such sale or disposition will not be subject to Mexican tax, unless (i) 50% or more of the fair market value of our assets consist of “immovable property” (as defined in the Tax Treaty) situated in Mexico, or (ii) such gains are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base of such U.S. resident in Mexico.
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For a holder that is not a Mexican Resident and that does not meet the requirements referred to above, gross income realized on the sale of Shares will be subject to a 5% Mexican withholding tax if the transaction is carried out through the Mexican Stock Exchange. Alternatively, a holder that is not a Mexican Resident can choose to be subject to a 20% withholding rate on the net gain obtained, as calculated pursuant to Mexican Income Tax Law provisions.
The Mexican tax rules governing the taxation of gains of holders who are not Mexican Residents on dispositions of their Shares or ADSs were amended during 2002. Holders who are not Mexican Residents who disposed of their Shares or ADSs during 2003 should consult their own Mexican tax advisors on the Mexican tax treatment of such dispositions.
For purposes of Mexican taxation (Ley del Impuesto sobre la renta), an individual is a resident of Mexico (a “Mexican Resident”) if he or she has established his or her home in Mexico, unless he or she has resided in another country for more than 183 days, whether consecutive or not, during a calendar year and can demonstrate that he or she has become a resident of that country for tax purposes. A legal entity is a Mexican Resident if it has been incorporated under Mexican law. A company is also considered to be a Mexican Resident if its headquarters are located in Mexico. A Mexican citizen is presumed to be a resident of Mexico for tax purposes unless such person can demonstrate otherwise. If a person is deemed to have a permanent establishment or fixed base in Mexico for tax purposes, such permanent person shall be required to pay taxes in Mexico on income attributable to such permanent establishment or fixed base, in accordance with applicable tax laws.
Other Mexican Taxes
There are no Mexican inheritance, succession or similar taxes applicable to the ownership, transfer or disposition of ADSs or Shares by holders that are not Mexican Residents; provided, however, that gratuitous transfers of Shares may in certain circumstances cause a Mexican federal tax to be imposed on the recipient. There is no Mexican stamp, issue, registration or similar taxes or duties payable by holders of ADSs or Shares. Brokerage fees on securities transactions carried out through the Mexican Stock Exchange are subject to a 15% for 2008 and 2009 and 16% for 2010, valued added tax.
F. | Dividends and Paying Agents |
Not applicable.
G. | Statement by Experts |
Not applicable.
H. | Documents on Display |
The documents concerning us which are referred to in this document are available in our company headquarters, located at Ave. Tecnologico No. 401, Ciudad Industrial, Celaya, Guanajuato, 38010, Mexico, for any inspection required. Part of this information is available on our web page, at www.bachoco.com.mx.
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I. | Subsidiary Information |
Not applicable.
ITEM 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
In the normal course of our business, we hold or issue various financial instruments that expose us to financial risks involving fluctuations in currency exchange rates and interest rates. Also, we are exposed to commodity price risk in connection with fluctuations in the prices for our feed ingredients.
Currency Fluctuation
Our exposure to market risk associated with changes in foreign currency exchange rates relates primarily to cost and expenses which are denominated in U.S. dollars. See Risk Factors under Item 3.
In 2009, we had a foreign exchange loss of Ps. 38.0 million because of the slightly decreased volatility of the Mexican peso. The net interest expense and the valuation effects of our financial instrument totaled Ps. 95 million as of December 31, 2009.
In 2010, we had a foreign exchange gain of Ps. 11.1 million because of the stronger and more stable peso due to the growth of the Mexican economy in 2010. The net interest income and the valuation effects of our financial instrument totaled Ps. 111.0 million as of December 31, 2010.
During 2011, we had a foreign exchange gain of Ps. 54.7 million, even when the peso was volatile during the year, our investments allowed us to register this gain. As of the same date, the net interest income and the valuation effects of our financial instruments totaled $123.1 million.
We manage our exchange rate exposure primarily through management of our financial structure, specifically by maintaining most of our debt through long-term debt instruments. As part of our normal operations, we purchase financial derivative instruments in order to ensure greater certainty in our purchases of U.S. dollars. We plan over a six-month period into the future and, depending on the expected uncertainty for that period, decide if it is economically advisable to purchase or sell any hedging instrument.
The main risk that the Company faces with the use of these derivative instruments is the volatility in the exchange rate of the peso against the U.S. dollar.
We have followed different strategies with respect to derivatives which involved call and put options in U.S. dollars. In 2009 and, 2010 we did not have bank debt denominated in U.S. dollars. During 2011, the Company acquired a one-year bank credit of US$75 million dollars, equivalent to Ps. 1,047.7 million in pesos. The interest rate of this credit is LIBOR plus 0.60 points.
For details, please see Note 12 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.
No assurance can be given as to the future valuation of the Mexican peso and how further movements in the peso could affect our future earnings. In order to mitigate our foreign exchange risk, we have established a Risk Committee which meets at least once a month and approves the guidelines and policies for entering into these operations. We also work with independent consultants who make evaluations of our positions and provide us with consulting services. Said companies do not sell any financial instruments to us.
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Based on our derivatives position On December 31, 2011, we estimate that a hypothetical 2.5% devaluation of the Mexican peso against the U.S. dollar would result in gains of Ps. 0.2 million, while a 5.0% appreciation would result in a loss of Ps. 0.5 million
Interest Rates
Our earnings may also be affected by changes in interest rates due to the impact those changes have on our variable rate debt instruments. As of December 31, 2011, we had borrowings of approximately Ps. 1,879.1 million pursuant to variable rate debt instruments, representing approximately 8.0% of our total assets.
Based on our position on December 31, 2011, we estimate that a hypothetical interest rate variation of 0.5% on our Mexican peso denominated debt would result in increased interest expenses of approximately Ps. 9.3 million per annum. Any such increase would likely be partially offset by an increase in interest income due to our cash and cash equivalent position.
Feed Ingredients
The price of sorghum, soy meal, and corn is subject to significant volatility resulting, from many external factors like weather conditions, the size of harvests, transportation and storage costs, among others. In order to reduce the potential adverse effect of grain price fluctuations, we vary the composition of our feed to take advantage of current market prices for the various types of ingredients used.
The percentage of grain purchased from domestic markets was 48.0%, 54.0% and 44.6% in 2009, 2010 and 2011 respectively.
Based on results for 2011, we estimate that a hypothetical variation of 10.0% in the cost of our feed ingredients would have an impact of 7.1% on total cost of sales.
ITEM 12. Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities
A. | Debt Securities |
Not applicable.
B. | Warrants and Rights |
Not applicable.
C. | Other Securities |
Not applicable.
D. | American Depository Receipts |
The Bank of New York Mellon (or “BONY”) has been our Depositary Bank since the day of our initial public offering of shares continues to act in that capacity as of the date of this document. BONY is located in Church Street Station, in New York, N.Y. 100286.
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Fees and charges that a Holder of our ADSs may have to pay, either directly or indirectly
Our Depositary may charge each person to whom ADSs are issued, including, without limitation, issuances against deposits of shares, issuances in respect of share distributions, rights and other distributions, issuances pursuant to a stock dividend or stock split declared by us or issuances pursuant to a merger, exchange of securities or any other transaction or event affecting the ADSs or deposited securities, and each person surrendering ADSs for withdrawal of deposited securities in any manner permitted by the deposit agreement or whose ADSs are cancelled or reduced for any other reason, [US$5.00 for each 100 ADSs] (or any portion thereof) issued, delivered, reduced, cancelled or surrendered, the case may be. The Depositary may sell (by public or private sale) sufficient securities and property received in respect of a share distribution, rights and/or other distribution prior to such deposit to pay such charge.
The Depositary collects its fees for delivery and surrender of ADSs directly from investors depositing shares or surrendering ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal or from intermediaries acting for them. The Depositary collects fees for making distributions to investors by deducting those fees from the amounts distributed or by selling a portion of distributable property to pay the fees. The Depositary may collect its annual fee for depositary services by deductions from cash distributions or by directly billing investors or by charging the book-entry system accounts of participants acting for them. The Depositary may generally refuse to provide fee-attracting services until its fees for those services are paid.
The following additional charges shall be incurred by the ADS holders, by any party depositing or withdrawing shares or by any party surrendering ADSs or to whom ADSs are issued (including, without limitation, issuance pursuant to a stock dividend or stock split declared by us or an exchange of stock regarding the ADSs or the deposited securities or a distribution of ADSs), whichever is applicable:
Persons depositing or withdrawing shares must pay: |
For: | |
$5.00 (or less) per 100 ADSs (or portion of 100 ADSs) |
• Issuance of ADSs, including issuances resulting from a distribution of shares or rights or other property • Cancellation of ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal, including if the deposit agreement terminates | |
$.02 (or less) per ADS | • Any cash distribution to ADS registered holders | |
A fee equivalent to the fee that would be payable if securities distributed to you had been shares and the shares had been deposited for issuance of ADSs | • Distribution of securities distributed to holders of deposited securities which are distributed by the depositary to ADS registered holders | |
$.02 (or less) per ADSs per calendar year | • Depositary services | |
Registration or transfer fees | • Transfer and registration of shares on our share register to or from the name of the depositary or its agent when you deposit or withdraw shares | |
Expenses of the depositary |
• Cable, telex and facsimile transmissions (when expressly provided in the deposit agreement) • Converting foreign currency to U.S. dollars | |
Taxes and other governmental charges the depositary or the custodian have to pay on any ADS or share underlying an ADS, for example, stock transfer taxes, stamp duty or withholding taxes | • As necessary | |
Any charges incurred by the depositary or its agents for servicing the deposited securities | • As necessary |
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We will pay all other charges and expenses of the Depositary and any agent of the depositary (except the custodian) pursuant to agreements from time to time between us and the Depositary. The fees described above may be amended from time to time.
Fees and other direct and indirect payments made by the Depositary and us
The Depositary has agreed to reimburse us for expenses we incur that are related to establishment and maintenance expenses of the ADS program. The Depositary has agreed to reimburse us for our continuing annual stock exchange listing fees. The Depositary has also agreed to pay the standard out-of-pocket maintenance costs for the ADSs, which consist of the expenses of postage and envelopes for mailing annual and interim financial reports, printing and distributing dividend checks, electronic filing of U.S. Federal tax information, mailing required tax forms, stationery, postage, facsimile, and telephone calls. It has also agreed to reimburse us annually for certain investor relationship programs or special investor relations promotional activities. In certain instances, the Depositary has agreed to provide additional payments to the Company based on any applicable performance indicators relating to the ADS facility. There are limits on the amount of expenses for which the depositary will reimburse us, but the amount of reimbursement available to us is not necessarily tied to the amount of fees the depositary collects from investors.
Pursuant to our letter agreement with our Depositary, as of June 18, 2010 we recorded an account receivable in 2010 and 2011 amounting to US$200,000 for expenses we incurred related to the maintenance of our ADS program, including investor relations expenses and exchange application and listing fees. We anticipate this amount to be paid by our Depositary during the first half of 2012.
PART II
ITEM 13. Default, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies
None.
ITEM 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds
None.
ITEM 15. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2011.
We acquired OK Industries, Inc., and subsidiaries (OK Industries) on November 1, 2011, with total assets of 1,848,660 Ps. and total revenues of 1,378,779 Ps. that represent 8% and 5%, respectively, of the related consolidated financial statements of Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and subsidiaries as of and for the year ended December 31, 2011. As the acquisition occurred in the fourth quarter of 2011, the scope of our assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting does not include OK Industries. This exclusion is in accordance with the SEC’s general guidance that an assessment of a recently acquired business may be omitted from our scope in the year of acquisition.
There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives. Based upon and as of the date of our evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file and submit under the Securities Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported as and when required.
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Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with Mexican FRS.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Effective control over financial reporting cannot, and does not, provide absolute assurance of achieving our control objectives. Also, any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control—Integrated Framework. Based on this assessment, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2011, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria.
The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, has been audited by KPMG Cardenas Dosal S.C., an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears herein.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting in the period covered by this annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Attestation Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Industrias Bachoco, S. A. B. de C. V.:
(Thousands of pesos)
We have audited Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V.’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
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We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
The Company acquired OK Industries, Inc. and subsidiaries (OK Industries) on November 1, 2011, and management excluded from its assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, OK Industries’ internal control over financial reporting associated with total assets of $1,848,660 and total revenues of $1,378,779 that represent 8% and 5%, respectively, of the related consolidated financial statements of Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and subsidiaries as of and for the year ended December 31, 2011. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of the Company also excluded an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting of OK Industries.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) and with auditing standards generally accepted in Mexico, the consolidated statements of financial position of Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2010 and 2011, and the related consolidated statements of income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2011, and our report dated April 30, 2012 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements
Queretaro, Mexico, April 30, 2012.
By: | /s/Demetrio Villa Michel |
KPMG, Cardenas Dosal, S.C. |
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ITEM 16. [Reserved]
ITEM 16.A. Audit Committee Financial Expert
In April 2011, Mr. Felizardo Gastelum Felix, Independent Director, was named as President of the Audit Committee and Corporate Practices. Until his death on April 18, 2012, Mr. Felizardo Gastelum Felix met the requirements included in the definition of an “audit committee financial expert” within the meaning of this Item 16A and performed this role in an exemplary manner. Currently, no member of our audit committee possesses all the characteristics included in the definition of an “audit committee financial expert” within the meaning of this Item 16A. We consider that the combined financial expertise of the members of our audit committee meet much of this requirement. Our audit committee has the authority and appropriate funding to obtain outside advice, as it deems necessary, to carry out its duties.
ITEM 16.B. Code of Ethics
We have adopted a code of ethics, as defined in Item 16B of Form 20-F under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Our code of ethics applies to our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, controller and persons performing similar functions, as well as to other officers and employees. Our code of ethics is available free of charge upon request through our website www.bachoco.com.mx If we amend the provisions of our code of ethics that apply to our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, controller and persons performing similar functions, or if we grant any waiver of such provisions, we will disclose such amendment or waiver on our website at the same address.
ITEM 16.C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
Audit and Non-Audit Fees
The following table sets forth the fees billed by our independent auditors KPMG Cardenas Dosal, S.C. independent registered public accounting firm and aid by us. All amounts are in nominal thousand pesos, prior to taxes.
In thousand of pesos as of December 31 of, | ||||||||
KPMG, Cardenas Dosal, S.C. | 2010 | 2011 | ||||||
Total fees | Ps. | 9,500 | Ps. | 7,429 | ||||
Audit fees | 7,184 | 4,081 | ||||||
Audit related fees | 1,602 | 1,697 | ||||||
Taxes fees | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Other | 713 | 1,651 |
The total 2010 and 2011 audit fees agreed to be paid to KPMG Cardenas Dosal, S.C. is Ps. 5.4million and, and Ps. 7.0 million respectively.
Audit related fees in the table above for 2011 are fees billed by KPMG Cardenas Dosal, S.C. related to expenses they incurred in connection with the performance of their audit, such as lodging and traveling.
Fees included in "other" are related to Due Diligence as well as services related to the adoption of the IFRS.
Audit Committee Approval Policies and Procedures
Our audit committee has not established pre-approval policies and procedures for the engagement of our independent auditors for services. Our audit committee expressly approves on a case-by-case basis any engagement of our independent auditors for audit and non-audit services provided to our subsidiaries or to us.
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ITEM 16.D. Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
According to the New York Stock Exchange’s Listing Standards for Audit Committees of a Foreign Private Issuer, Ricardo Aguirre, a member of our audit committee, currently does not meet the independence standards set forth in Rule 10A-3b(1)(ii)(B) of the Exchange Act. Therefore, with respect to Mr. Aguirre, we rely on the exemption provided in Rule 10A-3(b)(1)(iv)(D) of the Exchange Act because Mr. Aguirre (i) represents the Company's controlling shareholders, (ii) only has observer status on, and is not a voting member or the chair of, the Company's audit committee and (iii) is not an executive officer of the Company. Our reliance on such exemption does not materially adversely affect the ability of our audit committee to act independently and to satisfy the other requirements of Rule 10A-3(b).
ITEM 16.E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
Every year during the annual ordinary stockholder meeting, the Board proposes the approval of an amount to be used in a repurchase plan of our shares. The repurchased plan is approve for a period of one year. All the shares set in the table below were repurchased pursuant to the repurchase plan in force at the date of the purchase.
The table set below sets forth the information regarding the purchase plan approved by the Board of Directors in the three recent fiscal years.
Year | Starting date | Expiration date | Amount in pesos |
Estimate number of shares that may be purchased under the plan |
||||||
2010 | April 28, 2010 | April 27, 2011 | Ps. | 273,120,000 | 12,000,000 | |||||
2011 | April 27, 2011 | April 25, 2012 | Ps. | 335,640,000 | 12,000,000 | |||||
2012 | April 25, 2012 | April 24, 2013 | Ps. | 195,770,700 | 12,000,000 | (1) |
(1) The amount includes current shares in the repurchased plan.
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The table below sets forth information about the repurchase of our Shares on the BMV:
Period of 2011 | Total number of shares purchased | Average price paid per share, in Mexican pesos | Total number of Shares purchased as part of the publicly Announced plan | Estimate maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plan | ||||||||||||
January | 30,000 | Ps. | 25.80 | 30,000 | 11,970,000 | |||||||||||
February | - | - | - | 11,970,000 | ||||||||||||
March | - | - | - | 11,970,000 | ||||||||||||
April | 10,000 | 27.10 | 10,000 | 11,960,000 | ||||||||||||
May | 40,100 | 25.19 | 40,100 | 11,919,900 | ||||||||||||
June | 37,300 | 25.04 | 37,300 | 11,882,600 | ||||||||||||
July | - | - | - | 11,882,600 | ||||||||||||
August | 32,200 | 21.33 | 32,200 | 11,850,400 | ||||||||||||
September | 10,000 | 24.58 | 10,000 | 11,840,400 | ||||||||||||
October | - | - | - | 11,840,400 | ||||||||||||
November | 70,000 | 23.37 | 70,000 | 11,780,400 | ||||||||||||
December | 27,800 | 21.02 | 27,800 | 11,752,600 | ||||||||||||
Total 2011 | 257,400 | Ps. | 23.81 | 257,400 | 11,752,600 |
Period of 2012 | Total number of shares purchased | Average price paid per share, in Mexican pesos | Total number of Shares purchased as part of the publicly Announced plan | Estimate maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plan | ||||||||||||
January 2012 | 43,700 | Ps. | 21.85 | 43,700 | 11,708,900 | |||||||||||
February 2012 | 2,083,381 | 22.73 | 2,083,381 | 9,625,519 | ||||||||||||
March 2012 | 609,500 | 22.08 | 609,500 | 9,016,019 | ||||||||||||
Total 2012 | 2,536,581 | Ps. | 22.20 | 2,536,581 | 9,016,019 |
Balance as of March 31, 2012 | Shares | |||
Total shares purchased as of December 31, 2010 | 200,000 | |||
(+) Total shares purchased in 2011 | 257,400 | |||
(-) Total shares sold in 2011 | 230,000 | |||
(+) Total shares purchased as of March 31, 2012 | 2,736,581 | |||
(-) Total shares sold as of March 31, 2012 | 12,900 | |||
Total shares in the repurchased plan as of March 31, 2012 | 2,951,081 |
ITEM 16.F. Changes in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant
Not applicable.
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ITEM 16.G. Corporate Governance
Comparison of our Corporate Governance Rules and the Rules of the NYSE Applicable to U.S. Registered Companies
On November 4, 2003, the SEC approved final corporate governance standards for companies listed on the NYSE (“NYSE Corporate Governance Standards”). According to such standards, foreign private issuers are subject to a more limited set of requirements regarding corporate governance than those imposed on U.S. domestic issuers. As a foreign private issuer, we must comply with four NYSE Corporate Governance Standards:
- | prior to July 31, 2005, we must comply with the requirements set forth by the SEC concerning audit committees; |
- | we must submit an annual Written Affirmation to the NYSE and an Interim Written Annual Affirmation each time a change occurs in the Board of Directors or the Audit Committee; |
- | our CEO must promptly notify the NYSE in writing after any executive officer becomes aware of any material non-compliance with any of the applicable NYSE corporate governance rules; and |
- | we must provide a brief description disclosing any significant ways in which our corporate governance practices differ from those followed by U.S. companies under NYSE listing standards. |
Pursuant to Section 303A.11 of the NYSE Corporate Governance Standards, we are required to disclose any significant ways in which our corporate governance practices differ from those required to be followed by domestic companies under NYSE listing standards. A brief description disclosing the significant ways in which our corporate governance practices differ from those followed by U.S. companies under the NYSE listing standards is set forth below:
NYSE Corporate Governance Rules for Domestic Issuers |
Our Corporate Governance Practices | |
Director Independence. Majority of board of directors must be independent. “Controlled companies,” which would include our company if it were a U.S. issuer, are exempt from this requirement. | Pursuant to the Mexican Securities Market Law and our bylaws, our stockholders are required to appoint a board of directors of between five and 20 members, 25% of whom must be independent. Our board of directors is not required to make a determination as to the independence of our directors. | |
A director is not independent if such director is: | Under Article 14 Bis of the Mexican Securities Market Law, a director is not independent if such director is: | |
(i) a person who the board determines has a material direct or indirect relationship with the company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary; | (i) an employee or officer of the company (one-year cooling off period); | |
(ii) an employee, or an immediate family member of an executive officer, of the company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary, other than employment as interim chairman or CEO; | (ii) a stockholder that, without being an employee or officer of the company, has influence or authority over the company’s officers; |
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NYSE Corporate Governance Rules for Domestic Issuers |
Our Corporate Governance Practices | |
(iii) a person who receives, or whose immediate family member receives, more than $100,000 per year in direct compensation from the company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary, other than director and committee fees or deferred compensation for prior services only (and other than compensation for service as interim chairman or CEO or received by an immediate family member for service as a non-executive employee); | (iii) a consultant, or partner or employee of a consultant, to the company or its affiliates, where the income from the company represents 10% or more of the overall income of such consultant; | |
(iv) a person who is affiliated with or employed, or whose immediate family member is affiliated with or employed in a professional capacity, by a present or former internal or external auditor of the company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary; | (iv) an important client, supplier, debtor or creditor (or a partner, director or employee thereof). A client and supplier is considered important where its sales to or purchases from the company represent more than 10% of the client’s or supplier’s total sales or purchases. A debtor or creditor is considered important whenever its sales to or purchases from to the company represent more than 15% of the debtor’s or creditor’s total sales or purchases; | |
(v) an executive officer, or an immediate family member of an executive officer, of another company whose compensation committee’s membership includes an executive officer of the listed company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary; or | (v) an employee of a non-profit entity that receives contributions from the company that represent more than 15% of the total contributions received; | |
(vi) an executive officer or employee of a company, or an immediate family member of an executive officer of a company, that makes payments to, or receives payments from, the listed company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary for property or services in an amount which, in any single fiscal year, exceeds the greater of $1 million or 2% of such other company’s consolidated gross revenues (charities are not included, but any such payments must be disclosed in the company’s proxy (or, if no proxy is prepared, its Form 10-K / Annual Report)). | (vi) a CEO or other high ranking officer of another company in which the issuer’s CEO or other high ranking officer is a member of the board of directors; or |
76 |
NYSE Corporate Governance Rules for Domestic Issuers |
Our Corporate Governance Practices | |
(vii) “Immediate family member” includes a person’s spouse, parents, children, siblings, mothers and fathers-in-law, sons and daughters-in-law and anyone (other than domestic employees) who shares the person’s home. Individuals who are no longer immediate family members due to legal separation, divorce or death (or incapacity) are excluded. §303A.02(b) | (vii) a “family member” related to any of the persons mentioned above in (i) through (vi). “Family member” includes a person’s spouse, concubine or other relative of up to three degrees of consanguinity and affinity, in the case of (i) and (ii) above, and a spouse, concubine or other relative of up to one degree of consanguinity or affinity in the case of (iii) through (vi) above. | |
Executive Sessions. Non-management directors must meet regularly in executive sessions without management. Independent directors should meet alone in an executive session at least once a year. §303A.03 | There is no similar requirement under our bylaws or applicable Mexican law. | |
Audit committee. Audit committee satisfying the independence and other requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act and the more stringent requirements under the NYSE standards is required. §§303A.06, 303A.07 | The members of our audit committee are independent as independence is defined by Rule 10A-3. | |
Our audit committee complies with the requirements of the Mexican Securities Market Law and has the following attributes: | ||
· We have a three-member audit committee, which is composed of one proprietary director and two proprietary independent directors.
· The president of the audit committee and one additional member are independent. Under the Mexican Securities Market Law, the president and the majority of the members of the audit committee must be independent.
· Our audit committee operates pursuant to a written charter adopted by our board of directors. See Item 6 for a detailed description of the duties of our audit committee.
· Pursuant to our bylaws and Mexican law, our audit committee submits an annual report regarding its activities to our board of directors. |
77 |
NYSE Corporate Governance Rules for Domestic Issuers |
Our Corporate Governance Practices | |
Nominating/corporate governance committee. Nominating/corporate governance committee of independent directors is required. The committee must have a charter specifying the purpose, duties and evaluation procedures of the committee. “Controlled companies,” which would include our company if it were a U.S. issuer, are exempt from these requirements. §303A.04 | We are not required to have a nominating/corporate governance committee, and it is not expressly recommended by the Mexican Code of Best Corporate Practices. | |
Compensation committee. Compensation committee of independent directors is required, which must approve executive officer compensation. The committee must have a charter specifying the purpose, duties and evaluation procedures of the committee. “Controlled companies,” which would include our company if it were a U.S. issuer, are exempt from this requirement. §303A.05 | We are not required to have a compensation committee. As recommended by the Mexican Code of Best Corporate Practices, we have an evaluation mechanism for assisting the board of directors in approving executive officer compensation. | |
Equity compensation plans. Equity compensation plans require stockholder approval, subject to limited exemptions. §303A.08 | Stockholder approval is not expressly required under Mexican law or our bylaws for the adoption and amendment of an equity-compensation plan. However, regulations of the Mexican Banking and Securities Commission require stockholder approval under certain circumstances. We currently do not have any equity-compensation plans in place. | |
Code of Ethics. Corporate governance guidelines and a code of business conduct and ethics is required, with disclosure of any waiver for directors or executive officers. §303A.10 | We have adopted a code of ethics, which has been accepted by to our chief executive officer, chief financial officer, controller and persons performing similar functions, as well as to other officers and employees. We are required by Item 16B of Form 20-F to disclose any waivers granted to our chief executive officer, chief financial officer, principal accounting officer and persons performing similar functions. We have no such waivers in place. |
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PART III
ITEM 17. Financial Statements
Not applicable.
ITEM 18. Financial Statements
See the Consolidated Audited Financial Statements including notes, incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 19. Exhibits
Index of Exhibits
Documents filed as exhibits to this Annual Report:
Exhibit No. | Description | |
1.1 | An English translation of the Bylaws (estatutos sociales) of Industrias Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. dated June 29, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 on Form 20-F filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on June 29, 2007 (File No. 333-07950)). | |
2.1 | Form of Amended and Restated Deposit Agreement, among Industrias Bachoco, S.A. de C.V., the Depositary and each Owner and Beneficial Owner from time to time of American Depositary Receipts issued thereunder, including the form of American Depositary Receipt (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 on Form F-6 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on August 18, 2006 (File No. 333-07480)). | |
2.2 | Trust Agreement, dated April 1, 1995, among Banco Internacional, S.A., Institucion de Banca Multiple, Grupo Financiero Prime Internacional, as trustee, and the stockholders of the Company named therein, together with an English translation, (incorporated by reference on our registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on August 22, 1997 (File No. 333-7472)). | |
2.3 | Trust Agreement, dated August 20, 1997, among Banco Internacional, S.A., Institucion de Banca Multiple, Grupo Financiero Bital, as trustee, and the stockholders of the Company named therein, together with an English translation, (incorporated by reference on our registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on August 22, 1997 (File No. 333-7472)). | |
8.1 | Subsidiaries of Industrias Bachoco S.A. de C.V. | |
12.1 | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
12.2 | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
13.1 | Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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SIGNATURE
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B de C.V. | ||
By: | /s/ Daniel Salazar Ferrer | |
Daniel Salazar Ferrer | ||
Chief Financial Officer |
Date: April 30, 2012
Consolidated Financial Statements
INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
At December 31, 2010 and 2011 and for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011
(With Independent Auditors’ Reports’ Thereon)
(Translation from Spanish Language Original)
Contents | |
Independent Auditor’s Report | F-2 |
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position | F-4 |
Consolidated Statements of Income | F-5 |
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity | F-6 |
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows | F-7 |
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements | F-8 |
F-1 |
Independent Auditors’ Report
(Translation from Spanish Language Original)
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2010 and 2011, and the related consolidated statements of income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2011. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) and with auditing standards generally accepted in Mexico. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2010 and 2011, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2011, in conformity with Mexican Financial Reporting Standards.
As mentioned in note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, on November 1, 2011 the Company acquired 100% of the voting stock of OK Industries, Inc. (which owns five consolidated subsidiaries). OK Industries, Inc. operates and is located in the United States of America. The results of operation of the acquired subsidiary are included in the Company´s consolidated financial statements from such date.
As disclosed in note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, new and revised Mexican Financial Reporting Standards were adopted in 2011, with prospective or retrospective application, being specified in each case.
Our audits were made for the purpose of forming an opinion expressed in the third paragraph above. The supplementary information related to the translation of the financial position as of December 31, 2011 and the related consolidated statements of income and cash flows for the year then ended from Mexican pesos into United States dollars in accordance with the basis described in note 2(aa) and prepared under the responsibility of the Company´s management, is presented solely for convenience of the reader, and it is not required for the interpretation of the consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, such additional information is fairly stated in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated financial statements.
Mexican Financial Reporting Standards vary in certain significant respects from generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America. Information relating to the nature and effect of such differences is presented in note 23 to the consolidated financial statements.
F-2 |
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Industrias Bachoco, S. A. B. de C. V.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated April 30, 2012 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting
Queretaro, Mexico
April 30, 2012
By: | /s/Demetrio Villa Michel | |
KPMG, Cardenas Dosal, S.C. |
F-3 |
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position
INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
December 31, 2010 and 2011
(Thousands of pesos)
(Thousands of U.S. dollars) (note 2aa) | ||||||||||||
2010 | 2011 | 2011 | ||||||||||
Assets | ||||||||||||
Current assets: | ||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents (note 4) | $ | 3,967,874 | 2,625,661 | 187,950 | ||||||||
Primary financial instruments (note 13b) | 209,348 | 410,721 | 29,400 | |||||||||
Accounts receivable: | ||||||||||||
Trade, net (note 5) | 963,273 | 1,507,095 | 107,881 | |||||||||
Value added and other recoverable taxes | 473,228 | 728,057 | 52,116 | |||||||||
Total accounts receivable | 1,436,501 | 2,235,152 | 159,997 | |||||||||
Inventories, net (notes 3 and 7a) | 3,211,769 | 4,592,551 | 328,744 | |||||||||
Biological current assets (note 7b) | 153,993 | 187,157 | 13,397 | |||||||||
Derivative financial instruments (note 13a) | 12,897 | 10,208 | 731 | |||||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (notes 3 and 8) | 505,114 | 752,150 | 53,840 | |||||||||
Assets available for sale | 40,222 | 46,752 | 3,347 | |||||||||
Total currents assets | 9,537,718 | 10,860,352 | 777,406 | |||||||||
Property, plant and equipment, net (notes 3 and 9) | 10,544,031 | 10,440,253 | 747,334 | |||||||||
Biological non-current assets (note 7b) | 750,288 | 1,029,643 | 73,704 | |||||||||
Deferred income tax (note 19e) | - | 174,141 | 12,465 | |||||||||
Goodwill, net (note 10) | 300,848 | 300,848 | 21,535 | |||||||||
Other non-current assets (notes 3 and 11) | 64,883 | 364,637 | 26,101 | |||||||||
Total assets | $ | 21,197,768 | 23,169,874 | 1,658,545 |
Liabilities and stockholders' equity | ||||||||||||
Current liabilities: | ||||||||||||
Short term debt (note 12a) | $ | - | 1,277,750 | 91,464 | ||||||||
Current installments of long-term debt (note 12b) | 139,867 | 175,243 | 12,544 | |||||||||
Accounts payables | 1,572,292 | 2,326,779 | 166,556 | |||||||||
Related parties (note 6) | 60,873 | 78,543 | 5,622 | |||||||||
Other taxes payable and other accruals (note 15) | 393,722 | 594,662 | 42,567 | |||||||||
Total current liabilities | 2,166,754 | 4,452,977 | 318,753 | |||||||||
Long term liabilities: | ||||||||||||
Long term debt, excluding current installments (note 12b) | 507,053 | 384,370 | 27,514 | |||||||||
Deferred income tax (note 19e) | 2,029,150 | 1,921,333 | 137,533 | |||||||||
Labor obligations (note 17) | 126,457 | 142,088 | 10,171 | |||||||||
Total liabilities | 4,829,414 | 6,900,768 | 493,971 | |||||||||
Stockholders' equity (note 18): | ||||||||||||
Controlling interest: | ||||||||||||
Capital stock | 2,294,927 | 2,294,927 | 164,275 | |||||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 744,753 | 744,753 | 53,311 | |||||||||
Reserve for repurchase of shares | 154,288 | 154,079 | 11,029 | |||||||||
Retained earnings | 11,139,037 | 12,822,461 | 917,857 | |||||||||
Net controlling interest income of the year | 1,983,350 | 157,041 | 11,241 | |||||||||
Cumulative currency translation effect | - | 35,636 | 2,551 | |||||||||
Total controlling interest | 16,316,355 | 16,208,897 | 1,160,264 | |||||||||
Non-controlling interest | 51,999 | 60,209 | 4,310 | |||||||||
Total stockholders' equity | 16,368,354 | 16,269,106 | 1,164,574 | |||||||||
Commitments and contingencies (note 14) | ||||||||||||
Subsequent events (note 22) | ||||||||||||
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 21,197,768 | 23,169,874 | 1,658,545 |
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-4 |
Consolidated Statement of Income
INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011
(Thousands of pesos, except per share amount)
(Thousands of U.S. dollars) (note 2aa) | ||||||||||||||||
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2011 | |||||||||||||
Net revenues | $ | 23,262,850 | 24,715,456 | 27,734,990 | 1,985,325 | |||||||||||
Cost of sales (note 6b) | (19,326,759 | ) | (19,500,677 | ) | (24,773,216 | ) | (1,773,315 | ) | ||||||||
Gross profit | 3,936,091 | 5,214,779 | 2,961,774 | 212,010 | ||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses (note 6b) | 2,522,291 | 2,751,782 | 2,951,887 | 211,303 | ||||||||||||
Operating income | 1,413,800 | 2,462,997 | 9,887 | 707 | ||||||||||||
Other expense, net (note 20) | (65,189 | ) | (95,315 | ) | (68,921 | ) | (4,934 | ) | ||||||||
Comprehensive financial results: | ||||||||||||||||
Interest income | 170,655 | 165,646 | 193,777 | 13,871 | ||||||||||||
Valuation effects of financial instruments (note 13) | (174,603 | ) | 18,850 | (896 | ) | (64 | ) | |||||||||
Interest and financial expenses | (91,326 | ) | (73,519 | ) | (69,744 | ) | (4,992 | ) | ||||||||
Net interest income and valuation effects of financial instruments | (95,274 | ) | 110,977 | 123,137 | 8,815 | |||||||||||
Foreign exchange (loss) gain, net | (37,934 | ) | 11,082 | 54,505 | 3,902 | |||||||||||
Comprehensive financial results, net | (133,208 | ) | 122,059 | 177,642 | 12,717 | |||||||||||
Income before income taxes, and non-controlling interest | 1,215,403 | 2,489,741 | 118,608 | 8,490 | ||||||||||||
Income tax expense (benefit) (note 19d) | 406,358 | 503,415 | (40,530 | ) | (2,901 | ) | ||||||||||
Net consolidated income | 809,045 | 1,986,326 | 159,138 | 11,391 | ||||||||||||
Net controlling interest income | 797,600 | 1,983,350 | 157,041 | 11,241 | ||||||||||||
Non-controlling interest income | 11,445 | 2,976 | 2,097 | 150 | ||||||||||||
Consolidated net income | $ | 809,045 | 1,986,326 | 159,138 | 11,391 | |||||||||||
Weighted average outstanding (shares in thousands) | 600,000 | 600,000 | 600,000 | 600,000 | ||||||||||||
Net income per share | $ | 1.35 | 3.31 | 0.27 | 0.02 |
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-5 |
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity
INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011
(Thousand of pesos, except per number of shares)
Number of | Net controlling | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
shares of | interest | Cumulative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
capital | Reserve for | income | currency | Controlling | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
stock | Capital | Additional | repurchase of | Retained | (loss) of the | translation | stockholders' | Non-controlling | stockholders' | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(thousands) | stock | paid-in capital | shares | earnings | year | effect | equity | interest | equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balances as of December 31, 2008 | 600,000 | $ | 2,294,927 | 743,674 | 159,455 | 11,720,612 | (879,048 | ) | - | 14,039,620 | 39,799 | 14,079,419 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transfer of prior year's net loss based on stockholders' meeting held on April 2009 | - | - | - | - | (879,048 | ) | 879,048 | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash dividends paid (note 18b) | - | - | - | - | (250,045 | ) | - | - | (250,045 | ) | - | (250,045 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash dividends paid to non-controlling interest | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | (1,035 | ) | (1,035 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase of shares (note 18d) | - | - | 1,079 | - | - | - | - | 1,079 | - | 1,079 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income, net of taxes (note 2s) | - | - | - | - | - | 797,600 | - | 797,600 | 11,445 | 809,045 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balances as of December 31, 2009 | 600,000 | 2,294,927 | 744,753 | 159,455 | 10,591,519 | 797,600 | - | 14,588,254 | 50,209 | 14,638,463 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transfer of prior year's net income based on stockholders' meeting held on April 2010 | - | - | - | - | 797,600 | (797,600 | ) | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash dividends paid (note 18b) | - | - | - | - | (250,082 | ) | - | - | (250,082 | ) | - | (250,082 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash dividends paid to non-controlling interest | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | (1,186 | ) | (1,186 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase of shares (note 18d) | - | - | - | (5,167 | ) | - | - | - | (5,167 | ) | - | (5,167 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income, net of taxes (note 2s) | - | - | - | - | - | 1,983,350 | - | 1,983,350 | 2,976 | 1,986,326 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balances as of December 31, 2010 | 600,000 | 2,294,927 | 744,753 | 154,288 | 11,139,037 | 1,983,350 | - | 16,316,355 | 51,999 | 16,368,354 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transfer of prior year's net income based on stockholders' meeting held on April 2011 | - | - | - | - | 1,983,350 | (1,983,350 | ) | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash dividends paid (note 18b) | - | - | - | - | (299,926 | ) | - | - | (299,926 | ) | - | (299,926 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash dividends paid to non-controlling interest | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | (912 | ) | (912 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase of shares (note 18d) | - | - | - | (209 | ) | - | - | - | (209 | ) | - | (209 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Acquired non-controlling interest (note 1) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 7,025 | 7,025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income, net of taxes (note 2s) | - | - | - | - | - | 157,041 | 35,636 | 192,677 | 2,097 | 194,774 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balances as of December 31, 2011 | 600,000 | $ | 2,294,927 | 744,753 | 154,079 | 12,822,461 | 157,041 | 35,636 | 16,208,897 | 60,209 | 16,269,106 |
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-6 |
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011
(Thousand of pesos)
Thousands of | ||||||||||||||||
U.S. dollars | ||||||||||||||||
(note 2aa) | ||||||||||||||||
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2011 | |||||||||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: | ||||||||||||||||
Income before income taxes and non-controlling interest | $ | 1,215,403 | 2,489,741 | 118,608 | 8,490 | |||||||||||
Items relating to investing activities: | ||||||||||||||||
Depreciation | 662,630 | 692,640 | 726,061 | 51,973 | ||||||||||||
Loss on sale of plant and equipment | 88,187 | 148,572 | 46,671 | 3,341 | ||||||||||||
Interest income | (170,655 | ) | (165,646 | ) | (193,777 | ) | (13,871 | ) | ||||||||
Item relating to financing activities: | ||||||||||||||||
Interest expense | 91,326 | 73,519 | 69,741 | 4,992 | ||||||||||||
Foreign exchange loss on loans | - | - | 34,500 | 2,470 | ||||||||||||
Subtotal | 1,886,891 | 3,238,826 | 801,804 | 57,395 | ||||||||||||
Derivative financial instruments | (804,134 | ) | (1,625 | ) | 2,689 | 192 | ||||||||||
Accounts receivable, net | (11,402 | ) | (59,664 | ) | (192,647 | ) | (13,771 | ) | ||||||||
Recoverable taxes | (22,432 | ) | 9,241 | (190,277 | ) | (13,620 | ) | |||||||||
Inventories and biological assets | 849,213 | 397,231 | (730,284 | ) | (52,275 | ) | ||||||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | (568,392 | ) | (349,895 | ) | (216,678 | ) | (15,510 | ) | ||||||||
Trade accounts payable, taxes payable and other accruals | 110,092 | (125,744 | ) | 565,426 | 40,474 | |||||||||||
Income taxes paid | (107,158 | ) | (495,846 | ) | (121,982 | ) | (8,732 | ) | ||||||||
Accounts payable to related parties | 17,277 | (6,740 | ) | 17,670 | 1,265 | |||||||||||
Net periodic cost from termination and retirement benefits | 54,391 | 75,174 | 50,154 | 3,590 | ||||||||||||
Contributions to plan assets for termination and retirement benefits | (20,634 | ) | (26,373 | ) | (16,375 | ) | (1,172 | ) | ||||||||
Payments for termination and retirement benefits | (19,818 | ) | (16,973 | ) | (18,148 | ) | (1,299 | ) | ||||||||
Assets available for sale | (7,220 | ) | (10,231 | ) | (6,530 | ) | (466 | ) | ||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 1,356,674 | 2,627,381 | (55,178 | ) | (3,929 | ) | ||||||||||
Cash flows from investing activities: | ||||||||||||||||
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment | (944,106 | ) | (517,296 | ) | (707,533 | ) | (50,646 | ) | ||||||||
Proceeds from sale of plant and equipment | 16,542 | 42,179 | 83,946 | 6,009 | ||||||||||||
Primary financial instruments | 316,162 | (57,507 | ) | (201,373 | ) | (14,415 | ) | |||||||||
Increase in other non-current assets | (44,794 | ) | (44,787 | ) | (146,390 | ) | (10,479 | ) | ||||||||
Interest collected | 170,655 | 165,646 | 193,777 | 13,871 | ||||||||||||
Business acquisitions | - | - | (1,326,741 | ) | (94,741 | ) | ||||||||||
Net cash used in investing activities | (485,541 | ) | (411,765 | ) | (2,104,314 | ) | (154,560 | ) | ||||||||
Cash to be applied in (obtained from) financing activities | 871,133 | 2,215,616 | (2,159,492 | ) | (154,560 | ) | ||||||||||
Cash flows from financing activities: | ||||||||||||||||
Additional paid-in capital and reserve for repurchases of shares | 1,079 | (5,167 | ) | (209 | ) | (15 | ) | |||||||||
Dividends paid | (250,045 | ) | (250,082 | ) | (299,926 | ) | (21,469 | ) | ||||||||
Dividends paid to non-controlling interest | (1,035 | ) | (1,186 | ) | (912 | ) | (65 | ) | ||||||||
Proceeds from loans | 1,044,611 | 778,955 | 1,921,609 | 137,552 | ||||||||||||
Interest paid | (90,192 | ) | (73,519 | ) | (60,809 | ) | (4,353 | ) | ||||||||
Principal payments on loans | (706,668 | ) | (1,095,870 | ) | (774,598 | ) | (55,447 | ) | ||||||||
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (2,250 | ) | (646,869 | ) | 785,155 | 56,203 | ||||||||||
Currency translation effect | - | - | 32,124 | 2,299 | ||||||||||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 868,883 | 1,568,747 | (1,342,213 | ) | (96,078 | ) | ||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents: | ||||||||||||||||
At beginning of year | 1,530,244 | 2,399,127 | 3,967,874 | 284,028 | ||||||||||||
At end of year | $ | 2,399,127 | 3,967,874 | 2,625,661 | 187,950 |
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-7 |
NOTES to the Financial Statements
(1) | Organization, business activity and significant transactions- |
Organization and business activity-
Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and subsidiaries (collectively referred to as “Bachoco” or the “Company”) a public stock corporation with variable capital was incorporated on February 8, 1980 and it is engaged in breeding, processing and marketing of poultry (chicken and eggs), swine and other products (principally balanced animal feed). Bachoco is the controlling company of a group of subsidiaries.
The shares of Bachoco are listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange (MSE) on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), under the symbol “IBA”.
On April 19, 2012, Bachoco´s Finance Director and Controller Director authorized the issuance of the Consolidated Mexican Financial Reporting Standards (Mexican FRS) financial statements and notes at December 31, 2010 and 2011 and each of the three years then ended. The accompanying US GAAP disclosures are presented in note 23. These consolidated financial statements were authorized for issuance herein by Bachoco´s Financial Director and Controller Director on April 30, 2012 with consideration of subsequent events through that date.
Significant transactions-
OK Industries acquisition
On November 1, 2011, the Company acquired 100% percent of the voting stock of OK Industries, Inc. and subsidiaries (Acquired Entity). Income of the Acquired Entity has been included in the consolidated financial statements from such date. The Acquired Entity is engaged in breeding, processing and marketing of poultry (chiken) to supplier autoservices networks, fast food networks and others in the U.S and foreing markets. The aggregate purchase price that was paid in cash amounted 93.4 million USD.
F-8 |
As of December 31, 2011 Bachoco was in the process of allocating the fair values to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. In accordance with Mexican Financial Reporting Standard (Mex FRS) B-7 “Business acquisition”, the valuation period shall not be more than one year since the date of acquisition. The consolidated financial statements of Bachoco include the balance sheet of OK Industries, Inc. and subsidiaries, as of December 31, 2011, based on the best estimate of its net asset’s fair value as of the acquisition date, and its results of operations for the two-month period ended December 31, 2011. The fair values of these assets acquired were determined using the cost and market approaches.
The cost approach, which estimates value by determining the current cost of replacing an asset with another of equivalent economic utility, was utilized primarily for plant and equipment. The cost to replace a given asset reflects the estimated reproduction or replacement cost for the asset, less an allowance for loss in value due to depreciation. The market approach, which indicates value for a subjet asset based on available market pricing for comparable assets, was utilized primarily for real property. The market approach indicates value based on financial multiples available for similar entities and adjustments for the lack of control or lack of marketability that market participants would consider in determining fair value.
Due to their short-term maturities, the Company believes the carrying amounts of cash equivalents, accounts receivables, other current assets, accounts payable and other current liabilities approximate their fair value at the acquisition date. At the adquisition date, inventories are stated at their net realizable value. The Company’s investment in an unconsolidated entity is recorded at its historical cost and the investment in insurance contracts is recorded at its aggregate net cash surrender value, both of which approximate fair value at the acquisition date.
F-9 |
The following summarizes the acquired balance sheet of OK Industies, Inc., including the application of purchase accounting adjustments to record the best estimate fair value of assets and liabilities at the date of acquisition (November 1, 2011):
Allocated to: | ||||
Current assets | $ | 1,332,762 | ||
Property, plant and equipment | 1,693,980 | |||
Other non-current assets | 153,364 | |||
Total assets | 3,180,106 | |||
Current liabilities | (390,001 | ) | ||
Deferred income tax | (519,189 | ) | ||
Non-controlling interest | (7,025 | ) | ||
Net acquired assets | 2,263,891 | |||
Purchase price | 1,269,306 | |||
Gain on bargain purchase | $ | 994,585 |
Under MexFRS B-7 “Business acquisition”, if the amount of the fair value of the net assets acquired exceeds the aggregate purchase price amount (bargain purchase), then the fair value of the net assets acquired shall be adjusted up to the purchase price amount as such purchase price is considered the fair value of the transaction between two independent parties in a free market.
Adjustment to the fair value of the net assets acquired should be applied by reducing the value of certain assets until exhausting its value in the following order: a) firstly, intangible assets, b) then, long-term non-monetary assets as property, plant and equipment, and c) finally, any other long-term assets as permanent investments. Once exhausted the value of such assets, the remaining amount, if any, should be recognized as a gain on bargain purchase in the income statement on the acquisition date.
In accordance with the provision of MexFRS B-7, the Company adjusted the fair value of the property plant and equipment and the related deferred income taxes up to the amount of the gain on bargain purchase on the net assets acquired.
F-10 |
The following table summarizes the adjusted values of OK Industries, Inc., under Mex FRS at November 1, 2011 (acquisition date), and December 31, 2011:
November 1, 2011 | December 31, 2011 | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 288 | $ | 43,129 | ||||
Accounts receivable | 340,443 | 391,857 | ||||||
Inventories | 949,518 | 1,046,032 | ||||||
Refundable income taxes | 12,155 | - | ||||||
Other current assets | 30,358 | 23,649 | ||||||
Property, plant and equipment | 11,876 | 12,045 | ||||||
Investment in unconsolidated entity | 36,993 | 38,026 | ||||||
Other long-term receivable | 116,371 | 119,781 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes | 168,330 | 174,141 | ||||||
Total assets acquired | 1,666,332 | 1,848,660 | ||||||
Accounts payable | (203,631 | ) | (382,240 | ) | ||||
Other current liabilities | (186,370 | ) | (157,110 | ) | ||||
Total liabilities assumed | (390,001 | ) | (539,350 | ) | ||||
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated entity | (7,025 | ) | (7,025 | ) | ||||
Net assets acquired | $ | 1,269,306 | $ | 1,302,285 |
Trosi de Carne acquisition
On August 20, 2011, Induba Pavos, S.A. de C.V. (subsidiary) acquired certain assets of Trosi de Carne, S.A. de C.V. Under MexFRS B-7 “Business acquisition”, this net assets acquisition qualifies as a Business Combination. As result of this acquisition the Company will be manufacturing beef value-added and pig. The aggregate purchase price that was paid in cash amounted to $57,723 is comprised as follow:
Land | $ | 422 | ||
Property | 7,829 | |||
Machinery and equipment | 25,240 | |||
Inventory | 13,500 | |||
Account Receivable | 10,732 | |||
$ | 57,723 |
F-11 |
The Company is in the process of completing the allocation of the purchase price to the fair value of the assets acquired.
Other assets acquisitions
On December 16, 2011, Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. (subsidiary) acquired certains assets from Mercantil Agropecuaria Coromuel, S.A. de C.V. (MACSA) located in the state of Baja California. The transaction consisted of the acquisition of property, plant and equipment, for an amount of $55,522. The acquisition intend increase the brand commercial presence and improve the distribution channels in that region.
In July 2009, Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. (subsidiary) acquired a poultry processing plant located in the state of Nuevo Leon, with a production capacity of 9,000 chickens per hour. The transaction consisted of the acquisition of property, plant and equipment for an amount of $321,984 and inventory in stock for an amount of $142,537. In addition to reducing costs, the goal of this acquisition, is to increase the production capacity and diversifying.
In September 2009, Campi Alimentos, S.A. de C.V. (subsidiary) acquired a poultry feed processing plant also located in the state of Nuevo Leon, with a production capacity of 12,000 tons per month. The transaction consisted of the acquisition of property, plant and equipment, for an amount of $114,904. As in the aforementioned July 2009 acquisition, the Company expanded its animal balanced feed production capacity for internal consumption.
(2) | Accounting Policies and Practices- |
The preparation of consolidated financial statements requires management to make a number of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include, but are not limited to, the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment, and goodwill; valuation allowances for receivables, inventories and deferred income tax assets; valuation of primary investment securities and financial instruments; and assets and labor obligations related to employee benefits. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.
F-12 |
The aforementioned financial statements are presented in Mexican pesos (reporting currency), which is the same as the recording currency and the functional currency, except for the foreign entity that uses U.S dollar as its recording and functional currency.
For disclosure purposes, “pesos” or “$” means thousands of Mexican pesos, and “dollars” or “US dollars” means thousands of U.S. dollars.
When it is deemed relevant, certain amounts presented in the notes to the financial statements include between parentheses a convenience translation into dollars, into pesos, or both, as applicable. These translations are provided as informative data and should not be construed as representations that the amounts in pesos or dollars, as applicable, actually represent those peso or dollar amounts or could be converted into pesos or dollars at the indicated rate.
The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with Mexican Financial Reporting Standards (Mex FRS) in effect as of the balance sheet date. The significant accounting policies and practices followed by the Company in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements are described below:
a) | Consolidation- |
The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and all of its majority-owned and controlled subsidiaries.
The ownership interests of other stockholders in such subsidiaries are shown as non-controlling interest.
Intercompany balances, investments and significant transactions between consolidated entities have been eliminated in consolidation.
The results of operations of the subsidiaries were included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as at the acquisition or inception month.
The consolidation of the subsidiaries as of December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, have been prepared or translated in accordance with Mex FRS.
F-13 |
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the following subsidiaries as of December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011:
Percentage equity interest | ||||||||||||
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | ||||||||||
Aviser, S.A. de C.V. | 100 | 100 | 100 | |||||||||
Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. (“BSACV”) | 100 | 100 | 100 | |||||||||
Bachoco Comercial, S.A. de C.V. | 100 | 100 | 100 | |||||||||
Campi Alimentos, S.A. de C.V. (1) | 100 | 100 | 100 | |||||||||
Huevo y Derivados, S.A. de C.V. (2) | 97 | - | - | |||||||||
Operadora de Servicios de Personal, S.A. de C.V. | 100 | 100 | 100 | |||||||||
Pecuarius Laboratorios, S.A. de C.V. | 64 | 64 | 64 | |||||||||
Secba, S.A. de C.V. | 100 | 100 | 100 | |||||||||
Sepetec, S.A de C.V. | 100 | 100 | 100 | |||||||||
Servicios de Personal Administrativo, S.A. de C.V. | 100 | 100 | 100 | |||||||||
Induba Pavos, S.A. de C.V. | 100 | 100 | 100 | |||||||||
OK Industries, Inc., and subsidiaries (note 1) | - | - | 100 |
The main subsidiaries of the group and their activities are as follows:
- Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. (“BSACV”) (includes four subsidiaries which are 50% owned, and for which BSACV has control). BSACV is engaged in breeding, processing and marketing of poultry (chicken and eggs).
- OK Industries, Inc. (includes four subsidiaries which are 100% owned and one which is 85% owned, and for which OK Industries has control). OK Industries was acquired by Bachoco on November 1, 2011, and it and their subsidiaries operate as an integrated poultry processor in the United States (U.S), selling finished products to customers throughout the U.S and other countries.
- Campi Alimentos, S.A. de C.V. (Campi), is engaged in producing and marketing of balanced animal feed.
F-14 |
- Aviser, S.A. de C.V.
- Operadora de Servicios de Personal, S.A. de C.V.
- Secba, S.A. de C.V.
- Sepetec, S.A. de C.V.
- Servicios de Personal Administrativo, S.A. de C.V.
These companies are engaged in providing administrative and operative services to their related parties.
(1) At the ordinary and extraordinary general stockholders’ meeting held on March 20, 2009, the shareholders agreed to the merger through incorporation of Acuicola Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. (the acquiree entity) with Campi Alimentos, S.A. de C.V. (the acquiror entity). The merger became effective as of March 31, 2009, so that as of that date, Acuicola, as the acquired corporation, no longer exists. Pursuant to the Ley General de Sociedades Mercantiles (General Corporation and Partnership Law) when the merger became effective, total assets and liabilities, rights, obligations and responsibilities of the merged corporation became part of the acquiring corporation without reservation or limitation.
(2) At the extraordinary stockholders’ meeting held on March 31, 2010, the stockholders agreed the liquidation of the balance sheet as of December 31, 2009. The aforementioned liquidation was effective on January 1, 2010.
b) | Translation of foreign currency financial statements- |
The financial statements of foreign operations are translated into the reporting currency by initially determining if the functional currency and the currency for recording the foreign operations are different and then translating the functional currency to the reporting currency, using the historical exchange rate and/or the exchange rate at year end, (and the inflation index of the country of origin when the foreign operation is located in inflationary economy).
c) | Revenue recognition- |
Revenues are recognized when each of the following criteria is met:
- There is evidence of an arrangement.
- Delivery of goods has occurred.
- The seller fixes or determines the prices with the buyer.
- Collectability is reasonably certain.
F-15 |
The Company’s products are sold to a large number of customers without significant concentrations with any of them.
Based on management´s analysis and estimates, the Company provides for doubtful receivables (reported under selling, general and administrative expenses).
d) | Recognition of the effects of inflation- |
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Mexican FRS in effect as of the statement of financial position date and include the recognition of the effects of inflation on financial information through December 31, 2007, based on the Mexican National Consumer Price Index (NCPI) published by Banco de Mexico (central bank).
Cumulative inflation indexes and percentages of the current and three preceding years are as follows:
December 31 | NCPI | Inflation | ||||||||||
Yearly | Cumulative | |||||||||||
2011 | 103.551 | 3.80 | % | 12.26 | % | |||||||
2010 | 99.742 | 4.40 | % | 15.19 | % | |||||||
2009 | 95.537 | 3.57 | % | 14.48 | % | |||||||
2008 | 92.240 | 6.52 | % | 15.01 | % |
A summary of the key inflation accounting concepts and procedures is as follows:
- Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment were carried at replacement cost, determined annually by an independent appraiser, through 1996. The fifth amendment to Bulletin B-10 “Accounting Recognition of the Effects of Inflation on Financial Information” (as modified), which is applicable to financial statements for periods beginning on or after January 1, 1997, disallows the use of appraisals on fixed assets. Based on such amendment, the Company restated the appraised value at December 31, 1996, and the acquisitions of property, plant and equipment since January 1, 1997, until December 31, 2007, by applying factors derived from the NCPI.
F-16 |
- Stockholders’ equity
Until December 31, 2007, the date on which the economic environment turned to a non-inflationary environment in conformity with FRS B-10 “Effects of Inflation”, capital stock, additional paid-in capital, reserve for repurchase of shares of Company’s own shares, retained earnings and other capital accounts were restated using adjustment factors derived from the NCPI. The amounts thus obtained in this manner represented the constant value of the stockholders’ equity.
e) | Cash and cash equivalents- |
Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of bank deposits and checking accounts in local and foreign currencies and other highly liquid instruments. At the date of the consolidated financial statements, interest income and foreign exchange gains and losses are included in the statements of income, under comprehensive financial results.
f) | Available on-demand investments and primary investment securities- |
All rights and obligations arising from treasury primary investment securities are recognized on the statement of financial position and the Company classifies its investment securities depending on the purpose for which the securities were acquired: (i) held-to-maturity, (ii) trading or (iii) available for sale. Investments in these instruments with maturity of three months or less at the time of investment are included on the line-item “available on-demand investments” within cash and cash equivalents (see note 4). Furthermore, primary investment securities with maturity over three months are included under current assets. In turn, the balance of debt securities with due dates less than one year is reported under current liabilities
Trading securities are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term. Held-to-maturity debt securities are securities in which the Company has the solvency, ability and intent to hold the security until maturity. All securities not included in trading or held or held-to-maturity are classified as available-for sale.
F-17 |
Trading securities, except held-to-maturity securities, are recorded at fair value, where peso-denominated debt securities are taken from the bank statements which are based on the information of the local price vendors, while US-denominated debt securities are based on diversified sources. Held-to-maturity securities are recorded at amortized cost. Changes in the carrying amounts of trading securities, including the related costs and yields are included under comprehensive financial results. Gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of available-for-sale securities (less the corresponding yield) non functional currency denominated and foreign exchange gain or loss, in the case of equity securities, as well as the related monetary position gain or loss, as applicable, are reported as a comprehensive income (loss) item within stockholders’ equity.
Furthermore, where evidence exists that a financial asset held-to-maturity shall not be recovered in full, the expected loss (impairment) is recognized in the statement of income.
g) | Accounts receivable and allowance for doubtful accounts- |
Accounts receivable as of December 31, 2010 and 2011 are reported at fair value, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts.
The Company’s policy is to record an allowance for doubtful accounts for balances which are not likely to be recovered. In establishing the required allowance, management considers historical losses, current market conditions, customers’ financial condition, the amount of receivables in dispute, price differences and the current receivable aging and current payment patterns.
h) | Inventories, agricultural products and biological assets- |
- Inventories
At December 31, 2010 and 2011, inventories are stated at the lower of historical cost determined by the average cost method or market, provided that replacement cost is not less than net realizable value.
F-18 |
-Agriculture
The financial statements recognize the requirements of Bulletin E-1, “Agriculture” which establishes the rules for recognizing, measuring, presenting and disclosing biological assets and agricultural products.
Bulletin E-1 requires biological assets and agricultural products (the latter at the time of harvesting) to be valued at their fair value, net of the estimated costs at the point of sale. Bulletin E-1 also establishes that whenever the fair value cannot be determined in a reliable, verifiable and objective manner, the assets are to be valued at their production cost, less any impairment loss.
The allowance for decline in the productivity of breeder chickens and pigs is estimated based on their expected future life, under the straight-line method.
Agricultural products are live chickens, processed chickens, commercial eggs and pigs available for sale. The Company’s biological assets are comprised of poultry in their different stages, incubatable eggs and breeder pigs.
Broiler chicks less than six and a half weeks old, incubatable eggs, breeder pigs and laying hens are valued at production cost since it is not possible to determine their fair value in a reliable, verifiable and objective manner.
Broilers more than six and a half weeks old through their date of sale are valued at fair value less estimated point-of-sale costs, considering the price per kilogram of processed chicken at the valuation date.
Processed chicken and commercial eggs are valued at fair value less estimated point-of-sale costs, considering the price per kilogram of processed chicken and commercial eggs at the time such items are considered agricultural products. From such date through the date of sale, the fair value is considered to be the cost of processed chicken or commercial eggs, not in excess of net realizable value.
The Company is exposed to financial risks due to changes in the price of chicken. The Company estimates that the price of chicken will not fall significantly in the future; consequently, the Company has not entered into any derivative agreement or any other type of agreement to offset the risk of a drop in the price of chicken.
The Company reviews periodically the price of chicken so as to evaluate the need for a financial instrument to offset such risk.
In conformity with Bulletin E-1, biological assets and agricultural products were classified as either current or non-current assets based on their availability for sale and the business operating cycle.
Cost of sales represents the replacement cost of inventories at the time of sale, increased, as applicable, for reductions in the net realizable value of inventories during the year.
F-19 |
The Company records the necessary allowances for inventory impairment arising from damaged, obsolete or slow-moving inventories or any other reason indicating that the carrying amount will exceed the future revenues expected from use or realization of the inventory items.
Beginning January 1, 2011, and with retrospective application, based on FRS C-5, “Advanced Payments”, advances to suppliers of inventory are presented as part of prepaid expenses and other current assets. As result, advances to suppliers of inventory for $366,160 originally reported within the caption of inventories in 2010, were reclassified to prepaid expenses and other current assets in the comparative statement of financial position (see note 3a).
i) | Assets available for sale- |
Assets available for sale are comprised mainly of assets acquired through foreclosure and an aircraft acquired from the business combination of OK industries, Inc. (note 1). Management is actively marketing the aircraft and expects to complete the sale during the next fiscal year (see note 3a).
j) | Property, plant and equipment- |
Property, plant and equipment are initially recorded at acquisition cost (except for the property, plant and equipment acquired through business combination that are recorded at fair value) and through December 31, 2007, adjusted for inflation by using factors derived from the NCPI (see note 2d).
From January 1, 2007, acquisitions of assets under construction or installation include the related comprehensive financial results as part of the value of assets. During 2009, 2010 and 2011, no comprehensive financing costs have been capitalized, as result of Mexican FRS D-6 criteria not being met.
F-20 |
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is calculated on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, determined by management (see note 9).
Leasehold improvements are amortized over the useful life of the improvement or the related contract term, whichever is shorter.
Minor repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.
Beginning January 1, 2011, and with retrospective application, based on FRS C-5, “Advanced Payments”, advances to suppliers of fixed assets are presented as part of other non-current assets. As result, advances to suppliers of fixed assets for $43,290 originally accounted for as property, plant and equipment in 2010, were reclassified to non-current assets accounts in the comparative statement of financial position (see note 3b).
k) | Prepaid expenses and other current assets- |
Mainly include prepaid expenses for the purchase of inventories and services that are received after the date of the statement of financial position and in the ordinary course of operations.
l) Impairment of property, plant and equipment-
The Company periodically evaluates the values of long-lived assets of property, plant and equipment, to determine whether there is an indication of potential impairment. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of an asset against future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the net carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated net revenues, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Assets to be disposed of, are reported in the balance sheets at the lower of net carrying amount or realizable value. The assets of a group classified as available-for sale are presented separately on the consolidated statement of financial position.
F-21 |
m) | Leases- |
Leased property, plant and equipment arrangements are recognized as capital leases if: a) the ownership of the leased asset is transferred to the lessee upon termination of the lease; b) the agreement includes an option to purchase the asset at a reduced price; c) the term of the lease is substantially the same as the remaining useful life of the leased asset; or d) the present value of minimum lease payments is substantially the same as the market value of the leased asset, net of any benefit or scrap value.
When the risks and benefits inherent to the ownership of the leased asset remain mostly with the lessor, such leases are classified as operating leases, and the lease expense is charged to results of income as incurred.
The Company classified its leases as operating leases at December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011.
n) | Business Combinations and Goodwill- |
Bachoco applies the purchase method as the sole recognition alternative for a business combination by allocating the purchase price to all assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date.
Goodwill represents the difference between the purchase price and the fair value of the identifiable assets acquired in a business combination at the purchase date.
In the case of a gain on a bargain purchase (negative goodwill), such gain is reduced from the value of certain acquired assets up to the amount of such gain on bargain purchase.
Goodwill is recorded initially at acquisition cost and through December 31, 2007, was restated using adjustment factors derived from the NCPI. Goodwill is subject to annual impairment testing.
At December 31, 2010 and 2011, there was no impairment loss in the value of goodwill shown in the consolidated statement of financial position.
F-22 |
o) | Other non-current assets- |
Other non-current assets consist mainly of advances to suppliers of fixed assets, investment in life insurance contracts, and investment in unconsolidated entity.
At December 31, 2011, OK Industries, Inc. (foreign subsidiary) held a minority interest in Southern Hens, Inc. The Company cannot exercise significant influence over the investee and, therefore has reported the investment at original cost, which approximated fair value as of the acquisition date.
OK Industries, Inc. (foreign subsidiary) owns life insurance policies for certain former stockholders. The Company has recorded these policies at their aggregate net cash surrender value of $119,792.
p) | Liabilities, accruals, contingent liabilities and commitments- |
Liability provisions are recognized when the following three conditions are met: (i) the Company has current obligations (legal or assumed) derived from past events, (ii) it is probable that the liability will give rise to a future cash disbursement for its settlement and (iii) the liability can be reasonably estimated. When a reasonable estimation cannot be made, qualitative disclosure is provided in the notes to the consolidated financial statements. Contingent revenues, earnings or assets are not recognized until realization is assured.
If the effect of the time value of money is material, accrual amounts are determined as the present value of the expected disbursements to settle the obligation. The discount rate is determined on a pre-tax basis and reflects current market conditions at the statement of financial position date and, where appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. Where discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as an interest expense.
q) | Employee benefits- |
Benefit plan in Mexican operation-
Bachoco has a retirement plan in which all non-union workers in Mexico participate. Pension benefits are determined based on the salary of workers in their final three years of service, the number of years worked in the Company and their age at retirement. This plan includes:
F-23 |
- Defined contribution plan: This fund consists of employee and Company contributions. The employee contribution percentage ranges from 1% to 5%. The Company contribution ranges from 1% to 2% in the case of employees with less than 10 years’ seniority, and the same contribution percentage as the employee (up to 5%) when the employee has more than 10 years’ seniority.
- Defined benefit plan: This fund consists solely of the Company’s contributions and covers the Company's labor obligations with each employee.
Seniority premiums and severance payments are paid to workers in Mexico as required by Mexican labor law.
Termination benefits for reasons other than restructuring and retirement to which employees in Mexico are entitled are charged to operations for each year, based on actuarial computations using the projected unit credit method and projected salaries. At December 31, 2011 and for purposes of recognizing benefits upon retirement, the remaining average service life of employees entitled to plan benefits approximates 11.89 years (see note 17).
The actuarial profit or loss is recognized directly in the consolidated statement of income for the period as it is accrued (benefits due to termination) and is amortized based on the remaining labor life of the employees in Mexico that are expected to receive benefits from the plan (retirement benefits).
Benefit plan in foreign operation
i) | OK Industries, Inc. (foreign subsidiary) maintains a 401(k) retirement plan (defined contribution plan) covering all employees meeting certain eligibility requirements. The Company contributes to the plan at the rate of 50% of employees contributions up to a maximum of 2% of the individual employees compensation. |
ii) | OK Industries, Inc. (foreign subsidiary) maintains a deferred compensation arrangement with certain key employees. Amounts payable under this plan vest 10 years from the date of the agreement. The benefit value of each unit is equal to the increase in initial subsidiary book value from the date of the agreement to the conclusion of the vesting period. |
F-24 |
r) | Comprehensive financial results (CFR)- |
The CFR includes interest income and expense, foreign exchange gains and losses and valuation of financial instruments, including derivatives.
Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of execution or settlement. Foreign currency assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate in force at the consolidated balance sheet date. Exchange differences arising from assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are reported in the consolidated statements of income for the year.
s) | Comprehensive income- |
The comprehensive income reported on the statements of stockholders’ equity represents the results of the Company’s total activities during the year, and includes the items mentioned below which, in accordance with Mexican FRS, are reported directly in stockholders’ equity, except for net income.
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | ||||||||||
Net income | $ | 797,600 | $ | 1,983,350 | $ | 157,041 | ||||||
Currency traslation adjustment | - | - | 35,636 | |||||||||
$ | 797,600 | $ | 1,983,350 | $ | 192,677 | |||||||
Non controlling interest | 11,445 | 2,976 | 2,097 | |||||||||
Comprehensive income | $ | 809,045 | $ | 1,986,326 | $ | 194,774 |
t) | Derivative financial instruments- |
Irrespective of their use and either issuance or holding purpose, the Company recognizes all derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet at their respective fair values. Fair values are determined based on known market prices such as Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) and, when not listed in a market, based on valuation techniques and inputs usually accepted in the financial sector.
Changes in the fair value of financial instruments not designated and/or not qualifying under strict hedge accounting criteria are recognized within earnings for the year in which such changes occur, as derivatives effects under comprehensive financial results.
In the case of operations with options on futures not designated and/or do not qualify under strict hedge accounting criteria, premiums paid or received in connection with options are initially recognized respectively as assets or liabilities within derivative instruments; while subsequent changes in their fair value are recognized within income of the year in which such changes occur under comprehensive financial results.
F-25 |
u) | Derivative financial Instruments, designated and qualified as hedging instruments for one or more risks- |
The Company uses selected financial derivative instruments to protect itself against adverse price fluctuations in agriculture commodities, such as corn and sorghum. Those agriculture commodities derivative instruments include futures and options on futures which are listed on the CBOT, as well as options on futures accessed through ASERCA (Farming Marketing Support and Services, ascribed to Mexico’s Secretary of Farming and Agriculture), who functions as counterparty and that is a dependent entity of the Mexican Government’s unit that belongs to the Secretary of Farming, Livestock, Rural Development, Fishing and Food (SAGARPA, Secretaria de Agricultura, Ganaderia y Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentacion), through which, a commodities-related price hedging program (the “Farming by Contract”) scheme is offered to both farmers and agro-business entities such as the Company. The ASERCA program has two participating modalities: (i) 10% of the payment of the option’s premium and 100% of the benefit with a 60% discount on the amount of the initial premium, or (ii) 50% of the payment of the option’s premium, and 100% of the benefit with a 30% discount on the amount of the initial premium.
When the derivatives are acquired to hedge risks, and accomplish with hedge accounting, there are strict requirements the hedging relationship be documented for each hedged price risk. This documentation includes a description of the objective or hedge strategy, the nature of the hedged item position, the risk(s) to be hedged, the designated derivatives and how the initial effectiveness testing assessment will be performed, as well as the subsequent measurement of its retrospective effectiveness, which applies to each established hedge relationship.
F-26 |
Formal hedging derivatives designated into a hedging relationship, follow special hedge accounting recognition, for fair value changes based on each corresponding hedge accounting model: (1) Fluctuations in fair value type of hedges, require that both the derivative and the hedged item are to be valued at fair value and recognized in the statement of income adjusting the carrying value of hedge item; (2) in the case of cash flow hedges, only the effective portion of the derivative is temporarily recognized in comprehensive income (equity) and recycled to operations when the effects of the hedged item affects operations as cost of good sold, interest, etc., while the ineffective portion is immediately recognized within operations.
The Company discontinues hedge accounting in the following cases: when the derivative has expired, has been sold, is cancelled or exercised, or when the derivative does not achieve the required level of accumulated effectiveness as to compensate for the changes in the fair value or cash flows of the hedged item, when the edged item is prepaid or when the Company decides to cancel the hedge relationship on a discretionary basis.
Certain financial derivative instruments are entered into to hedge on or more exposures from the user’s economic perspective, but are neither designated nor qualify for hedge accounting purposes, hence these derivatives are treated accounting wise, as trading derivatives that is, with fluctuations in the fair value of these derivatives recognized within comprehensive financial result.
In the case of hedges with options on futures or combinations of these options, which are designated and qualifying under hedge accounting models, the premiums paid and received through these derivative financial instruments are initially recognized as assets within derivative financial instruments in the consolidated balance sheet, with subsequent changes in their fair values recognized in the comprehensive financial result in the case of fair value hedges, while under cash flow hedge model, these changes are recognized within other comprehensive income (OCI).
The Company has an investment risk and hedge committee that analyzes the Company’s risk.
F-27 |
v) | Income taxes (income tax (IT), flat rate business tax (IETU)), and employee statutory profit sharing (ESPS)- |
IT, IETU and ESPS payable for the year are determined in conformity with the tax provisions in effect according to the income tax law applicable to each subsidiary.
Consolidated deferred income taxes represents the addition of the amounts determined in each subsidiary by applying the enacted statutory tax. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities to different tax jurisdictions are not offset.
Deferred IT and deferred ESPS (for the Mexican subsidiaries), are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax and ESPS assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, according to the income tax law applicable to each subsidiary and in the case of IT, for tax loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax and ESPS assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax and ESPS assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income during the period that includes the enactment date.
w) | Cumulative currency translation effect- |
Cumulative currency translation represents the difference resulting from the translation of the figures from the functional currency of foreign operations into the reporting currency.
x) | Net income per share- |
Net income per share has been computed based on controlling interest net income and on the weighted average number of shares outstanding, as established in Bulletin B-14 “Profit per Share”.
F-28 |
y) | Financial information by segments- |
FRS B-5, “Financial Information by Segments”, establishes the rules for disclosing financial information by segment.
Financial information by segment is prepared based on a management’s approach, in conformity with FRS B-5, considering a segment to be an operating component that is subject to risks and benefits that are different from other business segments. Beginning 2011, geographic operating segments are also considered (see note 21).
z) | Reclassifications- |
Certain captions shown in the 2010 financial statements as originally issued have been reclassified for uniformity of presentation with the 2011 financial statements. The changes in these reclassifications were recognized retrospectively at December 31, 2010 and 2009, in conformity with Mex FRS B-1. (see note 3)
aa) | Convenience translation- |
United States thousands dollars amounts as shown in the accompanying consolidated statement of financial position as of December 31, 2011, as well as in the consolidated statements of income and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2011 have been included solely for the convenience of the reader and are translated from pesos to US dollars as a matter of arithmetic computation only, at an exchange rate of $13.97 to one U.S. dollar, which was the exchange rate at December 31, 2011. Such translation should not be construed as a representation that the peso amounts could have been or could be converted into U.S. dollars at this rate.
(3) | New accounting pronouncements- |
The FRS, and improvements mentioned below, issued by the Mexican Board of Financial Reporting Standards (Consejo Mexicano de Normas de Informacion Financiera or CINIF) became effective for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2011, with the respective prospective or retrospective application being specified in each case.
F-29 |
(a) | FRS C-4 “Inventories”- FRS C-4 is effective beginning January 1, 2011 with retrospective application, supersedes Bulletin C-4 and establishes new valuation, presentation and disclosure rules for initial and subsequent recognition of inventories on the statement of financial position. The principal changes are as follows: |
· | FRS C-4 eliminates: a) direct cost as a valuation system and, b) the inventory cost formula (formerly method) referred to as Last In – First Out (LIFO). |
· | Inventory cost can only written down under the base of net realizable value. |
· | For inventories acquired on an installment payment basis, the difference between the purchase price under normal credit conditions and the amount paid must be recognized as financial cost during the financing period. |
· | Under certain circumstances, estimates of impairment losses on inventories recognized in a prior period may be deducted or charged off against results of income for the period in which such modifications occur. |
· | Items whose benefits and risks have already been transferred to the entity must be recognized as inventories; therefore, prepayments are not part of inventory. |
Accounting changes resulting from the initial application of this standard were recognized retrospectively, affecting the financial statements as follows:
December 31, 2010 | Previously reported amounts | Accounting change | Adjusted amounts | |||||||||
Inventories, net | $ | 3,577,929 | $ | (366,160 | ) | $ | 3,211,769 | |||||
December 31, 2009 | ||||||||||||
Inventories, net | $ | 3,613,212 | $ | (567,458 | ) | $ | 3,045,754 |
F-30 |
(b) | FRS C-5 “Prepayments”– FRS C-5 is effective beginning January 1, 2011, with retrospective application, supersedes Bulletin C.5, and includes primarily the following changes: |
· | Advances for purchase of inventories (current assets) or property, plant and equipment and intangible assets (non-current assets), among others, must be reported under prepayments provided the benefits and risks inherent in the assets to be acquired or the services to be received have not yet been transferred to the entity. Furthermore, prepaid expenses must be reported based on the nature of the item to be acquired, either under current assets or non-current assets. |
· | Among other things, the following must be disclosed in notes to financial statements: breakdown of prepayments, accounting policies for recognition and impairment losses, as well as relevant reversal of impairments. |
Accounting changes resulting from the initial application of this standard were recognized retrospectively, affecting the financial statements as follows:
December 31, 2010 | Previously reported amounts | Accounting change | Adjusted amounts | |||||||||
Prepayments and other non-current assets (from inventory) | $ | 138,954 | $ | 366,160 | $ | 505,114 | ||||||
Property, plant and equipment, net | $ | 10,587,321 | $ | (43,290 | ) | $ | 10,544,031 | |||||
Other non-current assets (from property, plant and equipment) | $ | 21,593 | $ | 43,290 | $ | 64,883 |
F-31 |
December 31, 2009 | Previously reported amounts | Accounting change | Adjusted amounts | |||||||||
Prepayments and other non-current assets (from inventory) | $ | 155,219 | $ | 567,458 | $ | 722,677 | ||||||
Property, plant and equipment, net | $ | 10,910,126 | $ | (44,144 | ) | $ | 10,865,982 | |||||
Other non-current assets (from property, plant and equipment) | $ | 20,096 | $ | 44,144 | $ | 64,240 |
(c) | FRS C-6 “Property, plant and equipment”- FRS C-6 is effective beginning January 1, 2011. The accounting changes resulting from the initial application of this FRS must be prospectively recognized. The principal changes with respect to the superseded Bulletin include the following: |
· | The bases for determination of the residual value of a component are added. |
· | The requirement to assign an appraised value to property, plant and equipment acquired at no cost or at an inadequate cost is eliminated. |
· | Depreciation for components representative of a property, plant and equipment item is mandatory, independently of the depreciation of the rest of the item as if it were a single component. |
· | Depreciation of idle components must continue, unless depreciation is determined based on the activity. |
(d) | 2011 FRS Improvements- |
In December 2010, the CINIF issued the document referred to as “2011 FRS Improvements”, which contains precise modifications to some FRS. The modifications that bring about accounting changes are listed below:
F-32 |
· | FRS B-1 “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections”- FRS B-1 requires the presentation of the initial statement of financial position when there are retrospective adjustments, as well as the presentation in the statement of changes in stockholders’ equity of previously reported initial balances, the effects of retrospective application and restated initial balances. These improvements were effective beginning January 1, 2011 and were retrospectively applicable. |
· | FRS B-2 “Statement of cash flows”- The requirement to present in the statement of cash flows the line item “cash surplus to be applied in financing activities or, cash to be obtained from financing activities” is eliminated and is left at a recommendation level. This revision was effective for fiscal years beginning January 1, 2011 and was retrospectively applicable. |
· | Bulletin C-3 “Accounts receivable” - Interest income on accounts receivable is recognized when accrued, provided the relevant amount is reliably determined and likely to be recovered. Furthermore, it is provided that interest income on accounts receivable unlikely to be recovered must not be recognized. These improvements are effective beginning January 1, 2011 and are prospectively applicable. |
· | FRS C-10 “Derivative financial instruments and hedging activities” – The improvements to this new FRS are effective beginning January 1, 2011, with retrospective application. The principal improvements include the following: |
· | Certain effects of hedge effectiveness may be excluded. |
· | An intra-group transaction may be recognized as hedging only when the functional currencies of the related parties are different from each other. |
· | Reporting of the effect of the hedged interest rate risk is required, when a portfolio portion is the hedged position. |
· | Account margins must be reported separately. |
· | In a hedge relationship, a proportion of the total amount of the hedging instrument may be designated as the hedging instrument. The impossibility of designating a hedge relationship for a portion of the term of the hedging instrument is specified. |
F-33 |
· | FRS C-13 “Related parties”- The definition of “immediate family” is now more specific as it was limited to providing a list of the family members that fell within such definition. This revision was effective for fiscal years beginning January 1, 2011 and was retrospectively applicable. |
(4) | Cash and cash equivalents- |
Consolidated cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2010 and 2011 consist of:
2010 | 2011 | |||||||
Cash and bank accounts | $ | 513,076 | $ | 472,318 | ||||
Available on-demand investments (note 13b) | 3,445,899 | 2,151,702 | ||||||
Unrestricted cash and cash equivalents | 3,958,975 | 2,624,020 | ||||||
Restricted cash | 8,899 | 1,641 | ||||||
Total cash and cash equivalents | $ | 3,967,874 | $ | 2,625,661 |
Restricted cash corresponds to margin calls to cover future derivative commitments, due to adverse market movements associated with the underlying prices for which the Company had an open position as of December 31, 2010 and 2011.
(5) | Trade receivables, net- |
Trade receivables at December 31, 2010 and 2011 amounting $963,273 and $1,507,095, respectively, are shown net of an allowance of doubtful accounts of $32,990 and $38,537, respectively.
F-34 |
(6) | Related parties- |
a) | A summary of related party accounts payable as of December 31, 2010 and 2011 is as follows: |
2010 | 2011 | |||||||
Vimifos, S.A. de C.V. | $ | 43,051 | $ | 47,564 | ||||
Frescopack, S.A. de C.V. | 6,670 | 18,609 | ||||||
Maquinaria Agrícola, S.A. de C.V. | 7,973 | 8,566 | ||||||
Llantas y Accesorios, S.A. de C.V. | 1,144 | 3,270 | ||||||
Autos y Accesorios, S.A. de C.V. | 678 | 422 | ||||||
Autos y Tractores de Culiacán, S.A. de C.V. | 1,025 | 41 | ||||||
Camiones y Tractocamiones de Sonora, S.A. de C.V. | 67 | 37 | ||||||
Alfonso R. Bours, S.A. de C.V. | 52 | 34 | ||||||
Distribuidora Automotriz de los Mochis, S.A. de C.V. | 213 | - | ||||||
$ | 60,873 | $ | 78,543 |
At December 31, 2010 and 2011, balances due to related parties correspond to unsecured current accounts denominated in pesos that bear no interest and are payable in short-term basis.
F-35 |
b) | For the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, the Company had the following transactions with related parties: |
Purchases of feed, raw materials and packing supplies | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | |||||||||
Vimifos, S.A. de C.V. | $ | 261,385 | $ | 215,967 | $ | 347,062 | ||||||
Frescopack, S.A. de C.V. | 136,609 | 113,229 | 119,950 | |||||||||
Pulmex 2000, S.A. de C.V. | 17,307 | 10,896 | 10,302 | |||||||||
Qualyplast, S.A. de C.V. | 21 | 19 | 6 |
Purchases of vehicles, tires and spare parts | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | |||||||||
Maquinaria Agrícola, S.A. de C.V. | $ | 56,502 | $ | 64,546 | $ | 69,205 | ||||||
Autos y Accesorios, S.A. de C.V. | 11,849 | 13,371 | 24,995 | |||||||||
Autos y Tractores de Culiacán, S.A. de C.V. | 19,555 | 16,551 | 23,207 | |||||||||
Llantas y Accesorios, S.A. de C.V. | 30,848 | 32,775 | 21,640 | |||||||||
Camiones y Tractocamiones de Sonora, S.A. de C.V. | 8,391 | 338 | 3,333 | |||||||||
Distribuidora Automotriz de los Mochis, S.A. de C.V. | 11,093 | 7,635 | 2,135 | |||||||||
Alfonso R. Bours, S.A. de C.V. | 847 | 931 | 767 |
Airplane leasing expenses | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | |||||||||
Taxis Aéreos del Noroeste, S.A. de C.V. | $ | 9,810 | $ | 8,866 | $ | 10,063 |
Purchases transactions with related parties are made at market prices, which are similar to those that would have been used in arms-length transactions.
F-36 |
(7) | Inventories and biological assets- |
a) | Inventories consist of the following: |
2010 | 2011 | |||||||
Raw materials and subproducts (net of $27,940 (2,000 USD) reserve as at December 31, 2011) | $ | 1,523,690 | $ | 1,913,359 | ||||
Medicine, materials and spare parts | 452,373 | 487,178 | ||||||
Finished feed | 60,405 | 83,601 | ||||||
2,036,468 | 2,484,138 | |||||||
Agricultural products: | ||||||||
Live chicken | 877,654 | 1,383,769 | ||||||
Processed chicken (net of $30,203 (2,162 USD) reserve as at December 31, 2011) | 250,904 | 670,890 | ||||||
Commercial egg | 22,094 | 27,498 | ||||||
Beef | 4,463 | 13,658 | ||||||
Turkey | 20,186 | 12,598 | ||||||
1,175,301 | 2,108,413 | |||||||
Total | $ | 3,211,769 | $ | 4,592,551 |
b) | Biological assets at December 31, 2010 and 2011 consist of the following: |
2010 | 2011 | |||||||
Current biological assets: | ||||||||
Incubatable eggs | $ | 105,873 | $ | 128,184 | ||||
Breeder pigs | 48,120 | 58,973 | ||||||
Total current biological assets | $ | 153,993 | $ | 187,157 | ||||
Non-current biological assets: | ||||||||
Hens in production | $ | 771,454 | $ | 1,014,676 | ||||
Laying and breeder hens | 282,111 | 393,811 | ||||||
Breeder pigs | 34,828 | 41,566 | ||||||
Allowance for productivity declines | (338,105 | ) | (420,410 | ) | ||||
Total non-current biological assets | $ | 750,288 | $ | 1,029,643 |
F-37 |
The change in the historical value of biological assets and agricultural products measured at their fair value presented decreases of $7,214, $32,016 in 2009 and 2010, respectively, and an increase of $2,558 in 2011. Such effects were included in the results of income each year.
(8) | Prepaid expenses and other current assets- |
Prepaid expenses are comprised as follows:
2010 | 2011 | |||||||
Advances to suppliers of inventory | $ | 366,160 | $ | 515,672 | ||||
Services | 43,240 | 125,158 | ||||||
Other receivable | 77,753 | 72,043 | ||||||
Insurances | 17,961 | 39,277 | ||||||
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets | $ | 505,114 | $ | 752,150 |
F-38 |
(9) | Property, plant and equipment- |
a) | Property, plant and equipment at December 31, 2010 and 2011 consists of the following: |
Useful lives (years) | 2010 | 2011 | ||||||||||
Buildings and farm structures | 20-40 | $ | 8,911,833 | $ | 9,100,778 | |||||||
Machinery and equipment | 7-15 | 7,156,921 | 7,454,119 | |||||||||
Transportation equipment | 6 | 1,158,660 | 1,107,991 | |||||||||
Office, furniture and equipment | 3 | 246,349 | 252,170 | |||||||||
17,473,763 | 17,915,058 | |||||||||||
Accumulated depreciation | (8,157,372 | ) | (8,685,319 | ) | ||||||||
9,316,391 | 9,229,739 | |||||||||||
Land | 948,036 | 958,890 | ||||||||||
Construction in progress | 279,604 | 251,624 | ||||||||||
Total | $ | 10,544,031 | $ | 10,440,253 |
b) | Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, amounted to $662,630, $692,640 and $726,061, respectively. |
c) | As of December 31, 2010, the construction in progress amounting $279,604, has been placed in service in 2011. |
d) | As of December 31, 2011, the construction in progress amounting $251,624, are expected to be placed in service in 2012. |
F-39 |
e) | Changes in property, plant and equipment, were as follow: |
Buildings and farm structures | Machinery and equipment | Transport equipment | Office, furniture and equipment | Land | Constructions in progress | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Balances at December 31, 2010 | $ | 5,005,062 | 3,739,226 | 520,551 | 51,552 | 948,036 | 279,604 | $ | 10,544,031 | |||||||||||||||||||
Acquisition | 184,845 | 379,330 | 93,576 | 36,200 | 13,582 | - | 707,533 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Sale of plant and equipment | (1,147 | ) | (23,035 | ) | (44,829 | ) | (30,422 | ) | (3,204 | ) | (27,979 | ) | (130,616 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Business acquisition | 19,501 | 25,343 | 100 | - | 422 | - | 45,366 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation | (262,950 | ) | (345,963 | ) | (106,674 | ) | (10,474 | ) | - | - | (726,061 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Balances at December 2011 | $ | 4,945,311 | 3,774,901 | 462,724 | 46,856 | 958,836 | 251,625 | $ | 10,440,253 |
(10) | Goodwill- |
In 1999, goodwill was derived from the purchase of the shares of Campi Alimentos, S.A. de C.V. in the amount of $359,564. At December 31, 2005 (the last year of amortization), accumulated amortization aggregated to $58,716. In 2009, 2010 and 2011, goodwill was not amortized, but subject to impairment test on an annual basis, as a result of the adoption of Mexican FRS B-7 “Business Acquisitions” (see note 2n).
(11) | Other non-current asset- |
Other non-current assets consist of:
2010 | 2011 | |||||||
Advances for purchases of property, plant and equipment | $ | 43,290 | $ | 185,091 | ||||
Investment in life insurance contracts (note 1 and 2(o)) | - | 119,792 | ||||||
Investment in unconsolidated entity (note 1 and 2(o)) | - | 38,020 | ||||||
Others | 21,593 | 21,734 | ||||||
$ | 64,883 | $ | 364,637 |
F-40 |
(12) Short and long-term debt-
a) | Short term debt, as of December 31, consist of the following: |
2010 | 2011 | |||||||
Unsecured: | ||||||||
Denominated in USD for an amount of 75,000 USD, maturing in October 2012, at LIBOR (3) rate plus 0.60 points. Bachoco is guarantor of this debt | $ | - | $ | 1,047,750 | ||||
Denominated in pesos, maturing in January 2012, at TIIE (1) plus 0.85 points (note 22(ii)) | - | 200,000 | ||||||
Denominated in pesos, maturing in August 2012, at TIIE (1) FIRA (2) plus 0.50 points. | - | 30,000 | ||||||
Short term debt | $ | - | $ | 1,277,750 |
Weighted average interest rate on unsecured short-term debt at December 31, 2011, was 5.53 %.
The average interest rate on unsecured short-term for the years ended December 31, 2011 was 5.48%.
The weighted average interest rate on dollars unsecured short-term at December 31, 2011 was 0.8702%.
(1) | TIIE= Interbank Equilibrium Rate |
(2) | FIRA= Agriculture trust (Fideicomiso Instituido en Relacion con la Agricultura by its Spanish acronym) |
(3) | LIBOR= London InterBank Offered Rate |
F-41 |
b) | Long-term debt, as of December 31, consist of the following: |
2010 | 2011 | |||||||
Unsecured: | ||||||||
Denominated in pesos, maturing in June 2016, at TIIE (1) rate plus 1 points. | $ | - | $ | 360,000 | ||||
Denominated in pesos, maturing in 2013, at TIIE (1) rate plus 0.60 points. | - | 87,500 | ||||||
Denominated in pesos, maturing in 2015 and 2016, at TIIE (1) plus 1.00 points. | - | 47,579 | ||||||
Denominated in pesos, maturing in December 2013, at TIIE (1) FIRA (2) rates less 1.00 point. | 38,133 | 26,400 | ||||||
Denominated in pesos, maturing in April 2015, at TIIE (1) rate plus 0.95 points. | 23,617 | 18,621 | ||||||
Denominated in pesos, maturing in April 2012 and June 2013, at TIIE (1) FIRA (2) rates less 1.10 points and 0.875 points. | 30,720 | 17,390 | ||||||
Denominated in pesos, maturing in March 2014, at TIIE (1) rate plus 2 points. | 2,957 | 2,123 | ||||||
Denominated in pesos, maturing in July 2015, at TIIE (1) plus 1.50 points. | 250,000 | - | ||||||
Denominated in pesos, maturing in April 2015, at TIIE (1) FIRA (2) rates plus 1.90 points. | 250,000 | - | ||||||
Denominated in pesos, maturing in June 2015, at TIIE (1) rate plus 2.50 points. | 38,993 | - | ||||||
Denominated in pesos, maturing in June 2011, at TIIE (1) FIRA(2) rates plus 2 points. | 12,500 | - | ||||||
Total | 646,920 | 559,613 | ||||||
Less current installments | (139,867 | ) | (175,243 | ) | ||||
Long-term debt, excluding current installments | $ | 507,053 | $ | 384,370 |
In 2010 and 2011, the Company made prepayments of long-term debt of $533,750 and $538,993 respectively, without being required to pay early termination fee.
Weighted average interest rate on long-term debt at December 31, 2010 and 2011 was 6.32% and 5.58%, respectively.
F-42 |
The average interest rate of the Company’s total long-term debt for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2011 was 6.64%, and 6.17%, respectively.
(1) TIIE = Interbank Equilibrium Rate
(2) FIRA = Agriculture trust (Fideicomiso Instituido en Relación con la Agricultura by its Spanish acronym)
The weighted average interest rate of the Company´s total debt at December 31, 2010 and 2011 was 6.32% and 5.55%, respectively.
c) | At December 31, 2010 and 2011, unused lines of credit amounted to $2,047,839 and $2,257,870, respectively. In 2010 and 2011, the Company did not pay any fee for unused lines of credit |
d) | Maturities of long-term debt as of December 31, 2011, are as follows: |
Year | Amount | |||
2013 | $ | 154,546 | ||
2014 | 97,797 | |||
2015 | 89,537 | |||
2016 | 42,490 | |||
$ | 384,370 |
Interest expense on loans for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, aggregated to $66,989, $52,903, and $40,687, respectively.
Bank loans establish certain affirmative and negative covenants. As of December 31, 2011 and April 30, 2012, the Company was in compliance with all these covenants.
F-43 |
(13-a) Financial Instruments and hedging activities as at December 31, 2010 and 2011-
Derivatives for trading purposes (neither designated nor qualified for hedges accounting treatment)
The Company maintains a portfolio of explicit Financial Derivative Instruments (FDI), which were neither designated nor qualified as hedges under FRS C-10 and, therefore, their related changes in fair value were recognized as valuation effects of financial instruments within Comprehensive Financial Results (CFR), in the results of income. The related fair value amount of the open balance as of December 31, 2010 and 2011, was $(7,096) and $(2,378), respectively, and arose from the derivative instruments, shown on the following pages:
F-44 |
As at December 31, 2010:
OTC1 foreign currency option structures and forwards – finance counter-party in private agreements:
Counter-
party | Instrument | Underlying4 | Notional | Maturity | Effects on the results of operations CFR/loss (gain) | |||||||||||
Morgan Stanley | European options3 | Exchange rate MXP/USD | Several in US$ | January 2011 | $ | 211 | ||||||||||
Knock out-knock in2 | Exchange rate MXP/USD | Several in US$ | January 2011 | (199 | ) | |||||||||||
Forwards | Exchange rate MXP/USD | Several in US$ | January 2011 | 19 | ||||||||||||
Deutsche Bank | Knock in2 | Exchange rate MXP/USD | $150US | January 2011 | (63 | ) | ||||||||||
Santander | European options3 | Exchange rate MXP/USD | Several in US$ | January 2011 | 9 | |||||||||||
Forwards | Exchange rate MXP/USD | Several in US$ | January 2011 | 41 | ||||||||||||
$ | 18 |
1Over the Counter (OTC): refers to privately agreed operations (outside of the standardized or organized futures & options exchange markets such as CBOT) with other financial or non-financial parties.
2Knock out – knock in: Option combination that hedges up to a certain level of the exchange rate, and from another level of the exchange rate respectively.
3European options: derivative financial instruments under which the buyer has the right or the obligation to buy or sell a certain amount of a underlying asset in the future.
4MXP means Thousands of Mexican Peso and USD means Thousands of U.S. dollars.
F-45 |
Derivatives on prices of farming goods (commodities):
Effects on the result of operations | ||||||||||
Counter-party | Instrument | Underlying | Maturity | CFR/loss (gain) | ||||||
Cargill (OTC) | Swaps | Corn | January-May2011 | $ | (2,868 | ) | ||||
Swaps | Soy bean | January-May2011 | (950 | ) | ||||||
New Edge5 | American options | Corn | March 2011 | (735 | ) | |||||
Futures | Corn | March 2011 | (2,561 | ) | ||||||
$ | (7,114 | ) |
5 New Edge is the broker or the commission agents for the futures or options on the futures, that the Company used to enter into these operation in this listed CBOT market on corn and soybeans forwards. See note 4, collaterals established by the broker for Bachoco.
F-46 |
As at December 31, 2011:
OTC1 foreign currency option structures and forwards – finance counter-party in private agreements:
Effects on | ||||||||||||
the results of | ||||||||||||
operations | ||||||||||||
Counter- party |
Instrument | Underlying4 | Notional | Maturity | CFR/loss (gain) |
|||||||
Several | Forwards | Exchange rate MXP/USD | Several in US$ | January 2012 | (1,344) | |||||||
$ | (1,344) |
1 | Over the Counter (OTC): refers to privately agreed operations (outside of the standardized or organized futures & options exchange markets such as CBOT) with other financial or non-financial parties. |
2 | Knock out – knock in: Option combination that hedges up to a certain level of the exchange rate, and from another level of the exchange rate respectively. |
3 | European options: derivative financial instruments under which the buyer has the right or the obligation to buy or sell a certain amount of a underlying asset in the future. |
4 | MXP means Thousands of Mexican Peso and USD means Thousands of U.S. dollars. |
F-47 |
Derivatives on prices of farming goods (commodities):
Effects on the result of operations |
||||||||||
Counter-party | Instrument | Underlying | Maturity |
CFR/loss (gain) |
||||||
Cargill (OTC) | Swaps | Corn | March-May 2012 | $ | (701 | ) | ||||
Swaps | Soy bean | March-May 2012 | (342 | ) | ||||||
New Edge5 | American options | Corn | March 2012 | (760 | ) | |||||
Jefferies Bache LLC5 | American options | Corn | March 2012 | 769 | ||||||
$ | (1,034 | ) |
On November 1, 2011, the Company acquired OK Industries, Inc. As of this date, this enterprise had in its financial derivative instruments position American options listed at CBOT, these options were acquired through the broker Jefferies Bache. The fair value of those instruments amounted $894 as of this date, and for December 31, 2011 this options amounted a fair value of $769, which represented a gain in option’s fair value of $125 that was recognized in earnings as of December 31, 2011.
5 New Edge and / or Jefferies Bache are the brokers or the commission agents for the futures or options on the futures, that the Company used to enter into these operation in this listed CBOT market on corn and soybeans forwards. See note 4, collaterals established by the broker for Bachoco.
F-48 |
Derivatives that are designated and qualify for hedging purposes attributable to (i) one or more risks included in identified hedged items which are already recognized on the balance sheet or (ii) associated to risk exposures not yet recognized on the balance sheet.
In regard to the positions on FDI that the Company enters into and that were designated and qualify for hedge accounting purposes on one or more financial risks, its fair value amounted to a total of $5,801 and $7,829 at December 31, 2010 and 2011, respectively. Following are the details on the derivative instruments found accessing special hedge accounting models, their notional dimension, risks and effects, either on the statement of financial position or in the statements of income. The derivatives mentioned below offset the effects of the hedged items within the statement of income, as long as they continue to qualify and be designated for hedge purposes:
Fair value hedge: The Company has entered into a several firm commitments made through contractual agreements with domestic farmers to purchase estimated grain crops denominated in US dollars at a fixed price, which constitute the hedged items. The long position in puts contracted through ASERCA only hedges the risk arising from a decrease in grain prices, set through firm commitments. These put options are designated in hedging relationships under the fair value hedge accounting model. Effective changes in fair value of grain crops associated with firm commitments attributable to price risk are recognized on the statement of financial position as an asset or a liability until the contracted grain volumes are recognized as inventory. Subsequently, these put options contracted through ASERCA are partly or fully re-designated to hedge any changes in fair value of a portion of the acquired grain inventories in accordance with the fair value hedge accounting model; that is, protecting against falls in grain prices by adjusting the carrying amount of such inventory against cost of sales in the statement of income, and at the same time, the pending effects derived from changes in fair value of the primary position, lodged in current assets or current liabilities during the primary position term, against cost of sales, so as to adjust the inventory cost for the effects as determined by the fair value hedging model.
F-49 |
Options listed on corn future, effective at December 31, 2010:
Effective offsetting | ||||||||||||||||
effects on | ||||||||||||||||
comprehensive | ||||||||||||||||
Counter-party | Instrument | Underlying | Maturity | financial | ||||||||||||
results/loss (gain) | ||||||||||||||||
ASERCA | Puts | Corn | March and May | $ | (5,801 | ) |
Options listed on corn future, effective at December 31, 2011:
Effective offsetting | ||||||||||||||||
effects on | ||||||||||||||||
Counter-party | Instrument | Underlying | Maturity | comprehensive | ||||||||||||
financial | ||||||||||||||||
results/loss (gain) | ||||||||||||||||
ASERCA | Puts | Corn | March and May 2012 | $ | (7,829 | ) |
Option type of derivatives entered under the ASERCA program are under the modality described in the accounting policy.
Hedging effects on the price of grain associated with firm commitments and grain inventories denominated in the Company’s non-functional currency (USD), that are recognized at their fair value due to the price risk only, under the fair value hedge accounting model.
Due to the acquired 2010 and 2011 grain price variations, the hedging effects arising from the fair value changes linked to the corn & sorghum6 prices, according to the fair value hedge model were recognized in the consolidated statement of financial position as a current liability or as an adjustment to the inventory, both with correspondent offsetting effects against the option’s intrinsic value changes within comprehensive financial result in the consolidated statement of income.
6 Sorghum price is not listed in an agriculture exchange, but its price-as feeding substitute for corn (which is negotiated and listed in the CBOT) has a high correlation with the futures prices of corn, therefore, corn prices are usually used as a sound proxy the hedge sorghum related prices exposure.
F-50 |
At December 31, 2010:
Grain inventories adjusted to fair value hedge7:
Changes in the | ||||||
fair value of the firm | ||||||
commitment | ||||||
Risk covered and | recognized within the | |||||
Description | secondary assigned | balance sheet | ||||
Firm Commitments with a fix price and USD denominated to sorghum and corn purchases agreements | ASERCA Puts that were re-designated as to hedge the fair value of Commodity grain inventories from losing fair value, attributable to lower grain prices | $ | (5,801) |
At December 31, 2011:
Grain inventories adjusted to fair value hedge7:
Changes in the | ||||||
fair value of the firm | ||||||
commitment | ||||||
Risk covered and | recognized within the | |||||
Description | secondary assigned | balance sheet | ||||
Firm Commitments with a fix price and USD denominated to sorghum and corn purchases agreements |
ASERCA Puts that were re-designated as to hedge the fair value of Commodity grain inventories from losing fair value, attributable to lower grain prices |
|
$ | (7,829 | ) |
7These represent contracts the Company enters into with an unrelated party that can be executed through legal means and specify the amount the Company expects to exchange, the fixed price, the currency and the transaction schedule, among other important aspects.
F-51 |
(13-b) Investment in primary financial securities at December 31, 2010 and 2011-
The Company keeps investments in primary financial debt instruments and equity instruments at December 31, 2010 and 2011, both in U.S. dollars and Mexican pesos, as follows:
2010 | 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Book | Fair | Interest8 | Book | Fair | Interest8 | |||||||||||||||||||
For trading9 | value | value | rates | value | value | rate | ||||||||||||||||||
Mexican peso denominated debt securities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Government issued | $ | - | - | - | $ | 112,956 | 112,956 | 3.72 | % | |||||||||||||||
Bank issued | 3,150,010 | 3,150,010 | 5.01 | % | 1,206,121 | 1,206,121 | 4.97 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Commercial paper | 31,150 | 31,150 | 8.31 | % | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
Repo | 203,410 | 203,410 | 4.55 | % | 782,732 | 782,732 | 4.46 | % | ||||||||||||||||
$ | 3,384,570 | 3,384,570 | $ | 2,101,809 | 2,101,809 | |||||||||||||||||||
U.S. dollars denominated debt securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Government issued | $ | 359 | 359 | 0.27 | % | $ | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Commercial paper | 19,121 | 19,121 | 6.40 | % | 7,541 | 7,541 | 5.88 | % | ||||||||||||||||
19,480 | 19,480 | 7,541 | 7,541 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 3,404,050 | 3,404,050 | $ | 2,109,350 | 2,109,350 |
F-52 |
2010 | 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
For trading9 | Book | Fair | Interest8 | Book | Fair | Interest 8 | ||||||||||||||||||
maturity over 90 days | value | value | rates | value | value | value | ||||||||||||||||||
Mexican peso denominated debt securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Government issued | $ | 32,395 | 32,395 | 5.25 | % | $ | 40,231 | 40,231 | 3.64 | % | ||||||||||||||
Cuasi-Governmental | - | - | - | 2,096 | 2,096 | 5.15 | % | |||||||||||||||||
Commercial paper | 70,487 | 70,487 | 4.09 | % | 287 | 287 | ||||||||||||||||||
$ | 102,882 | 102,882 | $ | 42,614 | 42,614 | |||||||||||||||||||
U.S. dollars denominated debt securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bank issued | $ | 14,593 | 14,593 | 5.82 | % | $ | 5,158 | 5,158 | 6.50 | % | ||||||||||||||
Commercial paper | 91,873 | 91,873 | 7.31 | % | 362,949 | 362,949 | 6.55 | % | ||||||||||||||||
106,466 | 106,466 | 368,107 | 368,107 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 209,348 | 209,348 | $ | 410,721 | 410,721 |
2010 | 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Book | Fair | Interest8 | Book | Fair | Interest 8 | |||||||||||||||||||
Held to maturity | value | value | rates | value | value | value | ||||||||||||||||||
Pesos: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial paper | $ | 36,725 | 36,725 | 4.87 | % | $ | 42,352 | 42,352 | 4.80 | % |
2010 | 2011 | |||||||||||||||
For trading without maturity: | Book value | Fair value | Book value | Fair value | ||||||||||||
U.S. dollars: | ||||||||||||||||
Equity instruments | 5,124 | 5,124 | - | - | ||||||||||||
$ | 5,124 | 5,124 | - | - |
8Average interest rate in the category
9Accrued interest as of December 31, 2010 and 2011 is not reported in this presentation. The total interest earned on primary financial instruments as of that date amounts to $4,691 and 3,102, respectively.
F-53 |
The Company has diversified its investment portfolio into government, bank, corporate or commercial instruments. These financial instruments have been classified by the Company into two categories: for “trading” and “held-to-maturity” securities under Mex FRS C-2.
As far as the primary financial instruments classified as trading securities are concerned, as of December 31, 2011 the Company’s investment is largely in bank instruments. Ninety-nine percent of this investment is made in recognized national banking institutions, and the term of these investments are three days (52% of the instruments), and twenty eight days (47% of the instruments).
As for held-to-maturity securities, in May 2010, the Company acquired through a voluntary exchange of debt certificates, 485,995 debt certificates issued by Tiendas Comercial Mexicana, S.A. de C.V., maturing in 2016. At the acquisition date, the Company made a decision to classify such certificates as “held-to-maturity securities” in accordance with Mex FRS C-2.
(14) Commitments and contingencies-
a) | The Company has entered into operating leases for certain offices, production sites, and automotive and computer equipment. Most leases contain renewal options. These agreements have terms between one and five years. Rental expense under these leases was as follows: |
Year ended | ||||
December 31, | Amount | |||
2009 | $ | 177,292 | ||
2010 | 197,504 | |||
2011 | 188,244 |
b) | There is a contingent liability arising from the labor obligations mentioned in note 2q. |
c) | The Company is involved in a number of lawsuits and claims arising in the normal course of business. In the opinion of management, it is expected that the final outcome of these matters will not have significant adverse effects on the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of income. |
F-54 |
d) | OK Industries, Inc. (foreign subsidiary) maintains self-insurance programs for health care costs and workers’ compensation. The subsidiary is liable for health care claims up to 350 USD ($4,890) each year per plan participant and workers’ compensation claims up to 600 USD ($8,392) per occurrence. Self-insurance costs are accrued based upon the aggregate of the liability for reported claims and an estimated liability for claims incurred but not reported. The allowance for this concept is booked into the accompanying consolidated statement of financial position within current liabilities and amounting to 3,817 USD ($53,323) at December 31, 2011. The consolidated statement of income includes expenses relating to self-insurance plans of approximately 1,097 USD ($15,325) for the two-month period of the subsidiary ended December 31, 2011. Bachoco is required to maintain letters of credit on behalf of the subsidiary of 3,400 USD ($47,498) to secure self-insured workers compensation payments. |
e) | OK Industries, Inc. (foreign subsidiary) is involved in claims with the U.S. Department of Labor and the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and various other matters incidental to its business, including workers’ compensation claims and environmental issues. At December 31, 2011, the subsidiary has accrued reserves for potential claims of 2,500 USD ($34,925) which are included within other current liabilities. |
f) | In accordance with Mexican tax law, the tax authorities are entitled to examine transactions carried out during the five years prior to the most recent income tax return filed. |
g) | The Company has agreed contracts to supply grain from third parties as part of the normal course of operations. |
h) | In accordance with the Income Tax Law, companies carrying out transactions with related parties are subject to certain requirements as to the determination of prices, which should be similar to those that would be used in arms-length transactions. |
Should the tax authorities examine the transactions and reject the related-party prices, they could assess additional taxes plus the related inflation adjustment and interest in addition to penalties of up to 100% of the omitted taxes.
F-55 |
(15) Other taxes payable and other accruals-
An analysis of other taxes payable and other accruals as follows:
2010 | 2011 | |||||||
Other accounts payable | $ | 35,963 | $ | 218,458 | ||||
Expenses payable | 148,357 | 158,461 | ||||||
Trade advances | 66,189 | 71,212 | ||||||
IMSS (1) | 35,073 | 35,453 | ||||||
INFONAVIT (3) | 30,743 | 32,552 | ||||||
Employee statutory profit sharing | 37,921 | 26,234 | ||||||
Payroll taxes | 21,277 | 24,044 | ||||||
Salaries payable | 4,924 | 9,168 | ||||||
SAR (2) | 6,266 | 6,416 | ||||||
Taxes payable | 6,520 | 6,349 | ||||||
Interests payable | 489 | 6,315 | ||||||
Total | $ | 393,722 | $ | 594,662 |
(1) IMSS (a Government health care institution): contributions are made by the Company and by its employees in accordance with applicable regulations. The Company is required to pay this contribution on a monthly basis.
(2) SAR (a Government institution for employee retirement savings): Contributions are made by the Company based on applicable regulations as a percentage of the employees’ salary. The Company has a duty to pay these contributions to the government every two months.
(3) INFONAVIT (a Government institution that provides mortgages to employees): The Company is required to make contributions to this entity based on approximately 5% of the employees’ salaries, subject to certain limits. The Company has a duty to pay these contributions every two months.
F-56 |
(16) Foreign currency position and translation-
a) | A summary of the Company’s monetary assets and liabilities denominated in U.S. dollars (the only foreign currency) translated into reporting currency, as of December 31, 2010 and 2011, were as follows: |
Pesos | ||||||||
2010 | 2011 | |||||||
Assets: | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 357,933 | $ | 232,211 | ||||
Primary financial instruments | 106,466 | 375,648 | ||||||
Accounts receivable | - | 391,857 | ||||||
Other accounts | 6,926 | 315,037 | ||||||
Advances to suppliers | 170,170 | 602,912 | ||||||
641,495 | 1,917,665 | |||||||
Liabilities: | ||||||||
Accounts payable | (770,931 | ) | (1,668,025 | ) | ||||
Other liabilities | - | (157,110 | ) | |||||
Short term debt | - | (1,047,750 | ) | |||||
Net liability | $ | (129,436 | ) | $ | (955,220 | ) |
b) | As of December 31, 2010 and 2011, the exchange rate was $12.37 and $13.97 per US dollar, respectively. At April 30, 2012, date of issuance of the consolidated financial statements the exchange rate was $13.21 per US dollar. |
c) | As of December 31, 2010 and 2011, foreign exchange gains, net amounting to $11,082 and $54,505, respectively, were recorded. |
d) | At December 31, 2011 the Company had the foreign exchange hedging instruments mentioned in note 13a. |
e) | U.S dollar is the recording and functional currency of the foreign subsidiary. This foreign currency was translated into Mexican peso that is the consolidated reporting currency. |
F-57 |
(17) Labor obligations-
a) | Labor obligation in Mexico |
The Company has a defined benefit pension plan covering non unionized personnel in México. The benefits are based on years of service and the employee’s compensation. The Company makes annual contributions to the plan equal to the maximum amount that can be deducted for income tax purposes based on the projected unit credit method.
Plan contributions and benefits paid were as follows:
Plan Contributions | Benefits paid | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||
Retirement | $ | 17,436 | 14,039 | 15,099 | 2,382 | 2,934 | 3,049 |
F-58 |
The cost, obligations and other elements of the pension, seniority premium and severance compensation plans for reasons other than restructuring, mentioned in note 2q, have been determined based on computations prepared by independent actuaries at December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011. The components of the net periodic cost for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, were as follows:
Benefits | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Termination | Retirement | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||
Net periodic cost: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Service cost | $ | 13,898 | 14,720 | 17,346 | $ | 16,187 | 18,962 | 20,380 | ||||||||||||||||
Interest cost | 6,220 | 6,605 | 6,976 | 20,043 | 22,453 | 21,720 | ||||||||||||||||||
Return on plan assets | - | - | - | (19,307 | ) | (22,508 | ) | (25,816 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Net actuarial loss (gain) | 7,171 | 24,597 | (677 | ) | (1,982 | ) | (1,816 | ) | (1,775 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Prior service cost: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of prior service cost and plan modifications | - | - | - | 1,885 | 1,885 | 1,885 | ||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of transition liability | 4,828 | 4,828 | 4,667 | 5,448 | 5,448 | 5,448 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net periodic cost | $ | 32,117 | 50,750 | 28,312 | $ | 22,274 | 24,424 | 21,842 |
F-59 |
The present value of benefit obligations of the plans as of December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, is as follows:
Benefits | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Termination | Retirement | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Acumulated Benefit Obligation (ABO) | $ | 64,328 | 91,255 | 84,702 | $ | 151,796 | 152,737 | 168,920 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Projected Benefit Obligation (PBO) | 76,988 | 95,216 | 101,140 | 240,968 | 275,550 | 239,431 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Plan asset at fair value | - | - | - | (223,778 | ) | (256,382 | ) | (250,855 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Projected benefit obligation over plan assets | 76,988 | 95,216 | 101,140 | 17,190 | 19,168 | (11,424 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Unrecognized ítems: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transition liability | (13,542 | ) | (8,714 | ) | (4,047 | ) | (16,345 | ) | (10,896 | ) | (5,448 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Plan modifications | - | - | - | (23,552 | ) | (21,667 | ) | (19,782 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Actuarial gains | - | - | - | 53,890 | 53,350 | 81,649 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Projected liability, net | $ | 63,446 | 86,502 | 97,093 | $ | 31,183 | 39,955 | 44,995 |
Benefits | ||||||||||||
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | ||||||||||
Discount rate (net of inflation) | 9.50 | % | 8.00 | % | 8.50 | % | ||||||
Rate of compensation increase* | 4.50 | % | 4.50 | % | 4.50 | % | ||||||
Expected return on plan assets | 9.75 | % | 9.00 | % | 9.50 | % | ||||||
Amortization period of unrecognized items (applicable to retirement benefit) | 19.33 years | 19.06 years | 11.89 years |
* Salary increases, including past practice, trends in the market and compensation scheme (average salary increase earned if performance is satisfactory).
F-60 |
Below is the determination of benefit obligations of the plan at December 31, 2009, 2010, and 2011:
Retirement benefits 2009 | ||||||||||||
Seniority premium | Pension plan |
Total | ||||||||||
Defined benefit obligations: | ||||||||||||
Obligations of defined benefits at the beginning of year | $ | 32,980 | 177,339 | 210,319 | ||||||||
Current labor cost | 3,034 | 13,153 | 16,187 | |||||||||
Interest cost | 3,130 | 16,913 | 20,043 | |||||||||
Actuarial gain and losses | 1,439 | (2,836 | ) | (1,397 | ) | |||||||
Benefits paid | (1,801 | ) | (2,383 | ) | (4,184 | ) | ||||||
Defined benefit obligations at end of year | $ | 38,782 | 202,186 | 240,968 |
Retirement benefits 2010 | ||||||||||||
Seniority premium | Pension plan |
Total | ||||||||||
Defined benefit obligations: | ||||||||||||
Obligations of defined benefits at the beginning of year | $ | 38,782 | 202,186 | 240,968 | ||||||||
Current labor cost | 3,675 | 15,287 | 18,962 | |||||||||
Interest cost | 3,574 | 18,879 | 22,453 | |||||||||
Actuarial gain and losses | 1,523 | (3,809 | ) | (2,286 | ) | |||||||
Benefits paid | (1,613 | ) | (2,934 | ) | (4,547 | ) | ||||||
Defined benefit obligations at end of year | $ | 45,941 | 229,609 | 275,550 |
F-61 |
Retirement benefits 2011 | ||||||||||||
Seniority | Pension | |||||||||||
premium | plan | Total | ||||||||||
Defined benefits obligations: | ||||||||||||
Obligation of defined benefit at the beginning of year | $ | 45,942 | 229,609 | 275,551 | ||||||||
Current labor cost | 4,192 | 16,188 | 20,380 | |||||||||
Interest cost | 3,585 | 18,134 | 21,719 | |||||||||
Actuarial gain and losses | (15,750 | ) | (57,718 | ) | (73,468 | ) | ||||||
Benefits paid | (1,702 | ) | (3,049 | ) | (4,751 | ) | ||||||
Defined benefit obligations at end of year | $ | 36,267 | 203,164 | 239,431 |
Below is the determination of plan assets at 31 December 2009, 2010 and 2011:
Retirement benefits 2009 | ||||||||||||
Seniority | Pension | |||||||||||
premium | plan | Total | ||||||||||
Plan assets: | ||||||||||||
Plan asset at the beginning of year | $ | - | 188,815 | 188,815 | ||||||||
Yield expected | - | 19,307 | 19,307 | |||||||||
Actuarial gain and losses | - | 602 | 602 | |||||||||
Company contributions | - | 17,436 | 17,436 | |||||||||
Benefits paid | - | (2,382 | ) | (2,382 | ) | |||||||
Plan assets at end of year | $ | - | 223,778 | 223,778 |
F-62 |
Retirement benefits 2010 | ||||||||||||
Seniority | Pension | |||||||||||
premium | plan | Total | ||||||||||
Plan assets: | ||||||||||||
Plan asset at the beginning of year | $ | - | 223,778 | 223,778 | ||||||||
Yield expected | 22,507 | 22,507 | ||||||||||
Actuarial gain and losses | - | (1,008 | ) | (1,008 | ) | |||||||
Company Contributions | - | 14,039 | 14,039 | |||||||||
Benefits Paid | - | (2,934 | ) | (2,934 | ) | |||||||
Plan assets at end of year | $ | - | 256,382 | 256,382 |
Retirement benefits 2011 | ||||||||||||
Seniority | Pension | |||||||||||
premium | plan | Total | ||||||||||
Plan assets: | ||||||||||||
Plan asset at the beginning of year | $ | - | 256,382 | 256,382 | ||||||||
Yield expected | - | 25,816 | 25,816 | |||||||||
Actuarial gains and losses | - | (43,392 | ) | (43,392 | ) | |||||||
Company contributions | - | 15,100 | 15,100 | |||||||||
Benefits paid | - | (3,051 | ) | (3,051 | ) | |||||||
Plan assets at end of year | $ | - | 250,855 | 250,855 |
F-63 |
Following is a detailed description of the current amounts and the amounts for the previous four annual periods derived from the defined benefit obligations, the reasonable value of the plan’s assets and the adjustments on the plan assets and liabilities, based on experience:
Seniortiy premium* | ||||||||||||||||||||
2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | ||||||||||||||||
Defined benefit obligations | $ | 56,601 | 59,086 | 66,711 | 83,871 | 76,382 | ||||||||||||||
Plan assets | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Plan status | $ | 56,601 | 59,086 | 66,711 | 83,871 | 76,382 |
* The results of seniority premium include retirement and termination, due to the fact that this division did not exist in prior years in accordance with the Bulletin D-3.
Pension plan | ||||||||||||||||||||
2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | ||||||||||||||||
Defined benefit obligations | $ | 199,333 | 177,339 | 202,186 | 229,609 | 203,164 | ||||||||||||||
Plan assets | (182,017 | ) | (188,815 | ) | (223,778 | ) | (256,382 | ) | (250,855 | ) | ||||||||||
Plan status | $ | 17,316 | (11,476 | ) | (21,592 | ) | (26,773 | ) | (47,691 | ) |
The distribution of assets listed by category at the end of 2009, 2010 and 2011, are as follows:
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | ||||||||||
Fixed rate investment | 75 | % | 75 | % | 70 | % | ||||||
Variable rate investment | 25 | % | 25 | % | 30 | % | ||||||
Total | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % |
The distribution of the assets reflects the strategy that was used to optimize the return rate on the plan and the fund's results, within the framework of an appropriate risk level.
F-64 |
b) | Benefit plans in foreign operation |
OK Industries, Inc. (foreign subsidiary) maintains a 401(k) retirement plan (defined benefit plan) covering all employees meeting certain eligibility requirements. The Company contributes to the plan at the rate of 50% of employees contributions up to a maximum of 2% of the individual employees compensation. Expense for contributions accrued to this plan was 33.7 USD ($471) for the two-month period ending December 31, 2011.
OK Industries, Inc. (foreign subsidiary) maintains a deferred compensation arrangement with certain key employees. Amounts payable under this plan vest 10 years from the date of the agreement. The benefit value of each unit is equal to the increase in initial subsidiary book value from the date of the agreement to the conclusion of the vesting period. Under the agreement, 275,000 units were outstanding on December 31, 2011, all of which were fully vested. Amounts expected to be paid within the next year of 657.7 USD ($9,189) are included in other current liabilities. The remaining liability is 411.8 USD ($5,753) under this plan. There was no compensation expense for the two-month period ending December 31, 2011.
(18) Stockholders’ Equity-
a) | As of December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, the Company’s capital stock is represented by 600,000,000 “B” shares with a par value of $1 peso each. All shares issued and outstanding have voting rights. |
b) | In 2009, 2010 and 2011, the Company declared and paid cash dividends at nominal values of $250,045, $250,082 and $299,926, respectively, or $0.42, $0.42, and $0.50 respectively, per share in nominal pesos. |
c) | The Mexican Corporation Law requires that at least 5% of each year’s net income be appropriated to increase the legal reserve until such reserve is equal to 20% of capital stock issued and outstanding. The balance of the legal reserve at December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, included in retained earnings, was $209,399. |
F-65 |
d) | The Company approved a stock repurchase plan in 1998, in conformity with the Mexican Securities Trading Act, providing a stock repurchase reserve for that purpose of $180,000 ($303,861 expressed in constant Mexican pesos at December 31, 2007) through the appropriation of retained earnings in 1998. In 2009, the Company repurchased and sold 147 thousand of shares. The repurchase value was for $1,880 and the sales value was for $2,959, resulting in a gain of $1,079, recorded as additional paid in capital. During 2010 the Company repurchased 200 thousands of shares for $5,167; in 2011, the Company repurchased 257.4 thousands of shares. The repurchased value was for $6,153, and sales 230 thousands of shares, the sales value was for $5,944. There are 227.4 thousands of shares held by treasury at December 31, 2011. |
e) | The Company is required to pay taxes on dividends distributed to stockholders only to the extent that the payment made exceeds the balance of the “net tax profit account” (CUFIN), which is used to control earnings on which income tax has already been paid. Income tax paid on dividends refers to a tax payable by corporate entities and not by individuals. |
f) | The Company obtains the majority of its revenues and net profit from Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. (“BSACV”). For the years 2009, 2010 and 2011, pretax income of BSACV, represented approximately, 92%, 93%, and 86% respectively of Bachoco’s net revenues. |
Dividends on which BSACV has paid income tax will be credited to the Company’s “CUFIN” account and, accordingly, no further income tax will be paid when such amounts are distributed as dividends to the Company’s stockholders.
g) | From 1999 through 2001, under Mexican income tax law, corporate taxpayers were extended with the option of deferring payment of a portion of their annual corporate income tax, so that the tax rate will represent 30%. The earnings on which taxpayers opted to defer payment of a portion of corporate income tax had to be controlled in the so-called “net reinvested tax profit account” (CUFINRE). |
Since the Company opted for this tax deferral, earnings will be considered to be distributed first from the CUFINRE and any excess will be paid from the “net tax profit account” balance (“CUFIN”) so as to pay the 5% deferred tax. The option to defer a portion of the annual corporate income tax was eliminated effective January 1, 2002.
F-66 |
h) | Stockholders contribution restated as provided for by the tax law (CUCA), aggregating $2,244,455, may be refunded to stockholders tax-free, to the extent that such contribution equals or exceeds stockholders’ equity. |
(19) | Income Tax (IT), Asset Tax (AT), and Flat Rate Business Tax (IETU) and Employee Statutory Profit Sharing (ESPS)- |
Under the current tax legislation in Mexico, companies must pay the greater of their IT or IETU. If IETU is payable, the payment will be considered final (i.e. not subject to recovery in subsequent years).
a) | Income tax (IT)- |
The Company and each of its subsidiaries file separate income tax returns (including its foreign subsidiary, that files income tax returns in the U.S. based on its existing tax year end of April). Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. BSACV, the Company’s principal operating subsidiary, is subject to corporate income tax under the provisions of the simplified regime, which is applicable to companies engaged exclusively in agriculture, cattle-raising, fishing, forestry and other activities. The income tax law establishes that such regime is exclusive for companies that obtain no more than 10% of their total revenues from the production of processed products; BSACV has complied with this criteria.
In 2009, a tax reform was authorized by which, beginning in 2010, the tax rate is increased from 19% to 21% in the simplified regime. The result of this change is recognized in 2009, as a charge of $188,754, which is reflected in deferred taxes under the item “Adjustment to deferred tax assets and liabilities for enacted changes in tax laws and rates”.
The simplified regime establishes that the taxable base for income tax is determined on revenues collected net of deductions paid (cash basis). The tax rate for this regime was 19% for 2009 and 21% for 2010 and thereafter.
The IT rate of the general regime for fiscal years 2010 to 2012 is 30%, for 2013 the rate shall be 29% and for 2014 and thereafter is 28%.
The income tax rate of the foreign subsidiary is 38.79%.
F-67 |
b) | Flat Rate Business Tax (IETU)- |
The IETU rate is 17.5% for 2010 and thereafter (17% for 2009) based on cash flows and limits certain deductions.
IETU credits are derived mainly from the unamortized negative IETU base, and salaries taxes for IT purposes and social security contributions, as well as credits derived from the deduction of certain investments, such as inventories and fixed assets.
The IETU is required to be paid only when it is greater than the IT. To determine the IETU payable, income tax paid in a given period shall first be subtracted from the current IT of the same period and the difference shall be the IETU payable.
If negative IETU base is determined because deductions exceed income, there will be no IETU payable. The amount of negative base multiplied by the IETU rate results in a IETU credit, which may be applied against IT for the same year or, if applicable, against IETU payable in the next ten years. According to the tax law, the IETU credit can not be applied against IT for 2010 and 2011.
c) | Asset tax (AT)- |
In 2007, a new law was enacted that resulted in the derogation of the AT Law beginning on January 1, 2008. In 2007, the asset tax rate was payable at 1.25% and liabilities were no longer deductible from the asset tax base.
At December 31, 2011, the Company had $5,044 in Asset Tax credits and such recoverable AT will expire, as follows:
Asset tax | ||||||||
restated at | ||||||||
December 31, | Year of | |||||||
Base year | 2011 | expiration | ||||||
2005 | $ | 1,615 | 2015 | |||||
2006 | 3,429 | 2016 | ||||||
$ | 5,044 |
F-68 |
d) | Income tax charged to operations- |
For the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, income tax (credited) charged to results of operations was as follows:
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | ||||||||||
Mexican operation: | ||||||||||||
Current income tax | $ | 103,482 | $ | 495,828 | $ | 69,578 | ||||||
Flat rate business tax | 371 | 18 | 8 | |||||||||
Deferred income tax | 302,505 | 7,569 | (109,221 | ) | ||||||||
406,358 | 503,415 | (39,635 | ) |
Foreign operation: | ||||||||||||
Current income tax | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||
Deferred income tax | - | - | (895 | ) | ||||||||
- | - | (895 | ) | |||||||||
Total (benefit) income tax expense | $ | 406,358 | $ | 503,415 | $ | (40,530 | ) |
Income tax and employee statutory profit sharing expense attributable to income before income taxes differed from the amounts computed by applying the Mexican statutory IT rates of 19% for 2009 and 21% for 2010 and 2011, respectively and 10% employee statutory profit sharing to income, as a result of the items shown in the next page:
F-69 |
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
IT | ESPS | IT | ESPS | IT | ESPS | |||||||||||||||||||
Computed “expected” tax expense | $ | 230,927 | 121,540 | $ | 522,846 | 248,974 | $ | 24,908 | 11,860 | |||||||||||||||
Add ESPS expense | - | 3,300 | - | 3,369 | - | 2,160 | ||||||||||||||||||
Increase (decrease) in income taxes resulting from: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Effects of inflation, net | (50,596 | ) | - | (66,504 | ) | - | (71,189 | ) | - | |||||||||||||||
Non-deductible expenses | 4,538 | 183 | 8,032 | 1,872 | 3,411 | 1,032 | ||||||||||||||||||
Adjustment to deferred tax assets and liabilities for enacted changes in tax laws and rates | 188,754 | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
Subsidiaries not subject to labor obligations | - | (92,661 | ) | - | (226,341 | ) | - | 7,197 | ||||||||||||||||
Effect of companies outside simplified regime | 38,163 | - | 31,661 | - | 33,073 | - | ||||||||||||||||||
Change in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets | 8,130 | - | 17,164 | - | (32,312 | ) | - | |||||||||||||||||
Other, net | (13,558 | ) | 639 | (9,784 | ) | 5,822 | 1,579 | (651 | ) | |||||||||||||||
IT and ESPS expense (benefit) | $ | 406,358 | 33,001 | $ | 503,415 | 33,696 | $ | (40,530 | ) | 21,598 |
e) | Deferred income tax- |
Based on the financial projections of taxable income, the Company estimated that it will pay income tax (IT); therefore, deferred tax effects as of December 31, 2010 and 2011 have been recorded reflecting the IT basis.
F-70 |
The components of the Company’s deferred income tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
2010 | 2011 | |||||||
Deferred tax assets: | ||||||||
Accounts payable | $ | 493,645 | $ | 649,678 | ||||
Labor obligations | 33,407 | 58,661 | ||||||
ESPS payable | 11,311 | 9,002 | ||||||
Effects on derivative financial instruments | 1,635 | - | ||||||
Recoverable AT | 4,859 | 5,044 | ||||||
Tax loss carryforwards | 17,698 | 96,773 | ||||||
Others | 1,006 | - | ||||||
Total gross deferred tax assets | 563,561 | 819,158 | ||||||
Less valuation allowance | 53,309 | 20,997 | ||||||
Net deferred tax assets | 510,252 | 798,161 | ||||||
Deferred tax liabilities: | ||||||||
Inventories | 842,767 | 1,056,327 | ||||||
Accounts receivable | 190,082 | 204,213 | ||||||
Property, plant and equipment, net | 1,490,183 | 1,262,899 | ||||||
Other deductions | 16,370 | 20,210 | ||||||
Effects on derivative financial instruments | - | 1,704 | ||||||
Total gross deferred tax liabilities | 2,539,402 | 2,545,353 | ||||||
Net deferred tax liability | $ | 2,029,150 | $ | 1,747,192 | ||||
Deferred tax assets-foreign subsidiary | $ | - | $ | 174,141 | ||||
Deferred tax liability-Mexican subsidiaries | $ | 2,029,150 | $ | 1,921,333 |
F-71 |
The valuation allowance for deferred tax assets as of January 1, 2010 and 2011 amounted to $36,145 and $53,309, respectively. The net change in the total valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, was an increase of $8,130, $17,164 and a decrease of $32,312, respectively. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment.
f) | Tax loss carryforwards- |
As of December 31, 2011, the Company has tax loss carryforwards restated in accordance with the current Mexican Tax Law, which can be used to offset future taxable income in the next ten years, as follows:
Tax loss carryforwards as adjusted by inflation through December 31, 2011 | ||||||
Year of | Restated | |||||
Base year | expiration | Amount | ||||
2007 | 2017 | $ | 3,251 | |||
2008 | 2018 | 48,164 | ||||
2009 | 2019 | 12,933 | ||||
2010 | 2020 | 530 | ||||
2011 | 2021 | 380,961 | ||||
$ | 445,839 |
F-72 |
g) | Equity tax value- |
As of December 31, 2010 and 2011, the tax value of the Company’s equity, which will not be subject to taxation, comprised the following:
2010 | 2011 | |||||||
Restated contribution capital (CUCA) | $ | 2,162,080 | $ | 2,244,455 | ||||
Net tax profit account (CUFIN) and net reinvested tax profit account (CUFINRE) | 4,203,221 | 4,194,245 | ||||||
Total | $ | 6,365,301 | $ | 6,438,700 |
h) | Employee statutory profit sharing |
Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B de C.V. and BSACV have no employees, but each of the subsidiaries of the Company in Mexico that has employees is required under Mexican law to pay employees, in addition to their compensation and benefits, statutory profit sharing in an aggregate amount equal to 10% of such subsidiary’s taxable income subject to certain adjustments.
F-73 |
(20) | Other income (expense), net- |
As of December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, other income and expense net, were as follows:
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | ||||||||||
Other income: | ||||||||||||
Sales of waste animals, raw material, by-products and others | $ | 139,555 | $ | 194,779 | $ | 202,780 | ||||||
Tax incentives | 5,496 | - | - | |||||||||
Total other income | 145,051 | 194,779 | 202,780 | |||||||||
Other expense: | ||||||||||||
Cost of waste animals, raw material, by- products and other | (162,957 | ) | (173,436 | ) | (193,707 | ) | ||||||
Employee statutory profit sharing | (33,001 | ) | (33,696 | ) | (21,598 | ) | ||||||
Others | (14,282 | ) | (82,962 | ) | (56,396 | ) | ||||||
Total other expense | (210,240 | ) | (290,094 | ) | (271,701 | ) | ||||||
Total other expense, net | $ | (65,189 | ) | $ | (95,315 | ) | $ | (68,921 | ) |
F-74 |
(21) | Segment financial information- |
a) Product line segments
The segments to be reported are organized by geographic operation and product line. Inter-segment transactions have been eliminated. Our Poultry segment is comprised of our chicken and egg products due to their similarity in risks and benefits. The information included under “Others” corresponds to pigs, balanced animal feed and other non-significant sub-products. The segment information is as shown in the next page:
As of and for the year ended at December 31, 2009 | ||||||||||||
Poultry | Others | Total | ||||||||||
Net revenues | $ | 20,567,944 | 2,694,906 | 23,262,850 | ||||||||
Cost of sales | (16,900,540 | ) | (2,426,219 | ) | (19,326,759 | ) | ||||||
Gross profit | 3,667,404 | 268,687 | 3,936,091 | |||||||||
Interest income | 149,160 | 21,495 | 170,655 | |||||||||
Valuation effects of financial instruments | (174,603 | ) | - | (174,603 | ) | |||||||
Interest and financial expenses | (77,052 | ) | (14,274 | ) | (91,326 | ) | ||||||
Income taxes | (370,734 | ) | (35,624 | ) | (406,358 | ) | ||||||
Net controlling interest income | 702,344 | 95,256 | 797,600 | |||||||||
Property, plant and equipment, net | 10,453,381 | 412,601 | 10,865,982 | |||||||||
Goodwill, net | 212,833 | 88,015 | 300,848 | |||||||||
Total assets | 18,706,330 | 1,171,549 | 19,877,879 | |||||||||
Total liabilities | 4,817,238 | 422,178 | 5,239,416 | |||||||||
Capital expenditures | 813,628 | 130,478 | 944,106 | |||||||||
Expenses not requiring cash disbursement: | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 621,324 | 41,306 | 662,630 |
F-75 |
As of and for the year ended at December 31, 2010 | ||||||||||||
Poultry | Others | Total | ||||||||||
Net revenues | $ | 22,229,505 | 2,485,951 | 24,715,456 | ||||||||
Cost of sales | (17,377,938 | ) | (2,122,739 | ) | (19,500,677 | ) | ||||||
Gross profit | 4,851,567 | 363,212 | 5,214,779 | |||||||||
Interest income | 154,203 | 11,443 | 165,646 | |||||||||
Valuation effects of financial instruments | 18,850 | - | 18,850 | |||||||||
Interest and financial expenses | (65,007 | ) | (8,512 | ) | (73,519 | ) | ||||||
Income taxes | (463,616 | ) | (39,799 | ) | (503,415 | ) | ||||||
Net controlling interest (loss) income | 1,896,160 | 90,166 | 1,986,326 | |||||||||
Property, plant and equipment, net | 10,240,120 | 303,911 | 10,544,031 | |||||||||
Goodwill, net | 212,833 | 88,015 | 300,848 | |||||||||
Total assets | 20,109,011 | 1,088,757 | 21,197,768 | |||||||||
Total liabilities | 4,407,236 | 422,178 | 4,829,414 | |||||||||
Capital expenditures | 504,675 | 12,621 | 517,296 | |||||||||
Expenses not requiring cash disbursement: | - | - | - | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 664,054 | 28,586 | 692,640 |
As of and for the year ended at December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||
Poultry | Others | Total | ||||||||||
Net revenues | $ | 24,697,212 | 3,037,778 | 27,734,990 | ||||||||
Cost of sales | (22,075,071 | ) | (2,698,145 | ) | (24,773,216 | ) | ||||||
Gross profit | 2,622,141 | 339,633 | 2,961,774 | |||||||||
Interest income | 182,400 | 11,377 | 193,777 | |||||||||
Valuation effects of financial instruments | (896 | ) | - | (896 | ) | |||||||
Interest and financial expenses | (58,327 | ) | (11,417 | ) | (69,744 | ) | ||||||
Income taxes | (13,135 | ) | (27,395 | ) | (40,530 | ) | ||||||
Net controlling interest income | 65,502 | 91,539 | 157,041 | |||||||||
Property, plant and equipment, net | 10,044,310 | 395,943 | 10,440,253 | |||||||||
Goodwill, net | 212,833 | 88,015 | 300,848 | |||||||||
Total assets | 21,832,440 | 1,337,434 | 23,169,874 | |||||||||
Total liabilities | (6,370,017 | ) | (530,751 | ) | (6,900,768 | ) | ||||||
Capital expenditures | 662,009 | 45,524 | 707,533 | |||||||||
Expenses not requiring cash disbursement: | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 703,740 | 22,321 | 726,061 |
F-76 |
Revenues from our poultry segment are analyzed as follows:
As of and for year ended at December 31, 2009 | ||||||||||||
Chicken | Eggs | Total | ||||||||||
Net revenues | $ | 18,211,109 | 2,356,835 | 20,567,944 |
As of and for year ended at December 31, 2010 | ||||||||||||
Chicken | Eggs | Total | ||||||||||
Net revenues | $ | 20,127,721 | 2,101,784 | 22,229,505 |
As of and for year ended at December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||
Chicken | Eggs | Total | ||||||||||
Net revenues | $ | 22,611,264 | 2,085,948 | 24,697,212 |
F-77 |
b) Geographic operating segments
As of 2011, with the acquired operation in the United States, it incorporated a new segment at the management approach named “foreign” to identify (segment) the national and foreign operations. When submitting information by geographical area, the revenues are classified based on the geographical location of the customers. The assets of the segments are classified regarding the geographical location of assets.
As of and for the year ended at December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||
National Poultry | Foreign Poultry (two- months operation) | Total Poultry | ||||||||||
Net revenues | $ | 23,318,433 | 1,378,779 | 24,697,212 | ||||||||
Cost of sales | (20,772,407 | ) | (1,302,664 | ) | (22,075,071 | ) | ||||||
Gross profit | 2,546,026 | 76,115 | 2,622,141 | |||||||||
Interest income | 182,400 | - | 182,400 | |||||||||
Valuation effects of financial instruments | (896 | ) | - | (896 | ) | |||||||
Interest and financial expenses | (58,164 | ) | (163 | ) | (58,327 | ) | ||||||
Income taxes | (12,240 | ) | (895 | ) | (13,135 | ) | ||||||
Net controlling interest income | 68,160 | (2,658 | ) | 65,502 | ||||||||
Property, plant and equipment, net | 10,428,265 | 12,045 | 10,440,310 | |||||||||
Goodwill, net | 212,833 | - | 212,833 | |||||||||
Total assets | 19,983,780 | 1,848,660 | 21,832,440 | |||||||||
Total liabilities | (5,830,667 | ) | (539,350 | ) | (6,370,017 | ) | ||||||
Capital expenditures | 662,009 | - | 662,009 | |||||||||
Expenses not requiring cash disbursement: | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 703,606 | 134 | 703,740 |
As of and for year ended at December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||
National Chicken | Foreign Chicken (two-months operation) | Total | ||||||||||
Net revenues | $ | 21,232,485 | 1,378,779 | 22,611,264 |
F-78 |
(22) | Subsequent events- |
(i) | Migration to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) |
In January, 2009, the Mexican National Banking and Securities Commission (Comisión Nacional Bancaria y de Valores “CNVB”) in Mexico revised its “General Provisions applicable to Securities Issuers and other Securities Market Participants” to require that certain public entities reporting financial information through the Mexican Stock Exchange (“BMV”), beginning 2012 are required to prepare and report their financial information under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).
In this regard, the consolidated financial statements to be issued by the Company for the year ended December 31, 2012 will be its first annual financial statements complying with IFRS as issued by the IASB. The transition date for adoption will be on January 1, 2011. A brief description of the main changes of the Company’s accounting policies impacted by the IFRS adoption, are listed below:
a) | Property, Plant and Equipment - The Company has taken the “Deemed Cost” option at the transition date by applying the fair value option for certain property, plant and equipment at December, 2011, according to IFRS 1 “First time adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards”. |
b) | Employee Benefits - Severance accrual has been written-off since such liability does not meet the requirement required by the accounting standard IAS 19 “Employee Benefits”. |
c) | Stockholders’ equity – The adjustment that will be recognized at the transition date will be accounted for against retained earnings. |
d) | Inflation effects - According to IAS 29 “Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies”, accumulated inflation effects recognized in periods that do not qualify as hyperinflationary in accordance with IFRS will be eliminated from the equity accounts against retained earnings, such as capital stock, additional paid-in-capital, and reserve for repurchase of shares. |
F-79 |
e) | Deferred Income Tax - Deferred income taxes were accounted for the adjustments that were initially recognized in the financial statements caption at the transition date to IFRS. |
f) | Business combination - The Company has taken the option provided by IFRS 1, thus will not apply IFRS 3 retrospectively to past business combinations that occurred before the date of transition to IFRS. |
Best estimated information regarding the significant changes in captions of the Company’s financial statements impacted by the IFRS adoption at January 1, 2011 (transition date) are listed below. The Company is in the process to determine the significant changes in main captions of the financial statement at December 31, 2011 as they are currently obtaining all complementary information to determine the final effects at such date, however, the Company estimates that such effects will not change significantly:
January 1, 2011 | note | MEX FRS | Adjustment at transition date | IFRS | ||||||||||||
ASSETS | ||||||||||||||||
Current assets | $ | 9,537,718 | $ | - | $ | 9,537,718 | ||||||||||
Property, plant and equipment, net | a | 10,544,031 | (403,563 | ) | 10,140,468 | |||||||||||
Other non current assets | 1,116,019 | - | 1,116,019 | |||||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 21,197,768 | $ | (403,563 | ) | $ | 20,794,205 | |||||||||
LIABILITIES | ||||||||||||||||
Current liabilities | $ | 2,166,754 | $ | - | $ | 2,166,754 | ||||||||||
Long term debt | 507,053 | - | 507,053 | |||||||||||||
Labor obligations | b | 126,457 | (69,359 | ) | 57,098 | |||||||||||
Deferred income tax | e | 2,029,150 | (71,732 | ) | 1,957,418 | |||||||||||
Total liabilities | $ | 4,829,414 | $ | (141,091 | ) | $ | 4,688,323 | |||||||||
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||||||||||
Capital Stock | d | $ | 2,294,927 | $ | (902,051 | ) | $ | 1,392,876 | ||||||||
Additional paid- in capital | d | 744,753 | (286,244 | ) | 458,509 | |||||||||||
Retained earnings | c,d | 13,122,387 | 987,031 | 14,109,418 | ||||||||||||
Other equity captions | d | 206,287 | (61,208 | ) | 145,079 | |||||||||||
Total stockholders’ equity | $ | 16,368,354 | $ | (262,472 | ) | $ | 16,105,882 |
ii) | Short-term debt payment |
On January 25, 2012, the Company paid the debt of $200,000 mentioned in note 12a.
F-80 |
iii) | Stockholders meeting |
At the stockholders meeting held on April 25, 2012 the stockholders approved, among others:
a- | Ratification of the membership of Board of Directors. |
b- | Dividend decree of $0.50 per share in nominal pesos. |
(23) | Differences between Mexican Financial Reporting Standards and United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles |
The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with Mexican Financial Reporting Standards (“MexFRS”), which differ in certain respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”).
The principal differences between MexFRS and U.S. GAAP, as they relate to us, are described below with an explanation, where appropriate, of the method used to determine the adjustments that affect net income and stockholders’ equity, or additional disclosures as applicable.
Business Combination
OK Industries acquisition
Bachoco applies the purchase method as the sole recognition alternative for a business combination by allocating the purchase price to all assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date.
As it is mentioned in note 1 “Significant transaction”, to the consolidated financial statements, on November 1, 2011 the Company acquired 100% percent of the voting stock of OK Industries, Inc., the aggregate purchase price that was paid in cash, amounted to 93,400 thousand USD.
As of December 31, 2011 Bachoco was in the process of allocating the fair values to the assets acquired and liabities asumed. The consolidated financial statements of Bachoco include the balance sheet of OK Industries, Inc., as of December 31, 2011, based on the best estimate of its net asset’s fair value as of the acquisition date, and its results of operations for the two-month period ended December 31, 2011. The fair values of these net assets acquired were determined using the cost and market approaches. The following summarizes the difference between the purchase price and the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired at the purchase date:
F-81 |
Allocated to: | US GAAP US dollars | USGAAP pesos | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 21 | $ | 288 | ||||
Accounts receivable | 25,051 | 340,443 | ||||||
Inventories | 69,869 | 949,518 | ||||||
Refundable income taxes | 894 | 12,155 | ||||||
Other current assets | 2,234 | 30,358 | ||||||
Property, plant and equipment | 124,649 | 1,693,980 | ||||||
Investment in life insurance contracts | 2,539 | 34,505 | ||||||
Investment in unconsolidated entity | 2,722 | 36,993 | ||||||
Other long-term receivable | 6,024 | 81,866 | ||||||
Total assets acquired | 234,003 | 3,180,106 | ||||||
Accounts payable | (14,985 | ) | (203,631 | ) | ||||
Other current liabilities | (13,303 | ) | (180,773 | ) | ||||
Deferred compensation liability | (412 | ) | (5,597 | ) | ||||
Deferred income taxes | (38,206 | ) | (519,189 | ) | ||||
Total liabilities assumed | (66,906 | ) | (909,190 | ) | ||||
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated entity | (516 | ) | (7,025 | ) | ||||
Net assets acquired | 166,581 | 2,263,891 | ||||||
Less cost to acquire | 93,400 | 1,269,306 | ||||||
Gain on bargain purchase | $ | 73,181 | $ | 994,585 | ||||
F-82 |
Under MexFRS B-7 “Business acquisitions”, if the fair value of net assets acquired exceeds the aggregate purchase price amount (bargain purchase), then the fair value of the net assets value shall be adjusted up to the purchase price amount as it is considered the fair value of the transaction between two independent parties in a free market.
Adjustment to the fair value of the net assets acquired should be applied by reducing the fair value of certain assets until exhausting its value in the following order: a) firstly, intangible assets, b) then, long-term monetary assets as property, plant and equipment, and c) finally, any other long-term assets as permanent investments. Once the fair value of such asset is exhausted the remaining amount, if any, should be recognized as a gain on bargain purchase in the income statement on the acquisition date.
In accordance with the provision of MexFRS B-7, the Company reduced the fair value of the property, plant and equipment and the related deferred income taxes up to the amount of the gain on bargain purchase ($994,585 (73,181 thousand USD)).
For U.S. GAAP purposes, ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations, mentions that occasionally, an acquirer will make a bargain purchase, which is a business combination in which the fair value of the net assets acquired exceeds the aggregate purchase price amount. If that excess remains after the acquirer, reassess whether it has correctly identified and determined the fair value of all assets acquired, and liabilities assumed, any non-controlling interest in the acquired entity, any previously held equity interest in the acquired entity, and the consideration transferred, then the acquirer shall recognize the resulting gain in earnings on the acquisition date. The gain shall be attributed to the acquirer. Therefore, for U.S. GAAP purposes, the Company recognized in earnings the amount of $994,585 (73,181 thousand USD) as a gain on bargain purchase.
For U.S. GAAP purposes, the Company recognized in the 2011 income statements, a depreciation expense of $18,546 and a deferred tax benefit of $7,000 related to the depreciation of the fair values assigned to property, plant and equipment that come from OK Industries, Inc. acquisition.
Moreover, an additional amount of $27,535 related to translation effect of foreign subsidiary (OK Industries, Inc.) was recognized for U.S. GAAP purposes in other comprehensive income, to reach a total amount of $63,171 related to such translation effect of foreign subsidiary ($35,636 recognized under Mex FRS)
F-83 |
In addition, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2010-29 “Business Combination (Topic 805) Disclosures of Supplementary Pro Forma Information for Business Combinations,” requests to public entities that presents comparative financial statements to disclose revenue and earnings of the combined entity as though the business combination that occurred during the current year had been as of the beginning of the comparable prior annual reporting period. ASU also expands the supplemental pro forma disclosures to include a description of the nature and amount of material, nonrecurring pro forma adjustments directly attributable to the business combination. This unaudited disclosure is shown as follow:
Combined Figures | ||||||||
Thousands USD | Thousands USD | |||||||
Jan 1, through December 31, 2010 (Unaudited) | Jan 1, through December 31, 2011 (Unaudited) | |||||||
Results of operations: | ||||||||
Net Sales | $ | 2,382,735 | $ | 2,605,050 | ||||
Operating income | 128,941 | 214,707 | ||||||
Net income | 58,916 | 157,939 |
No proforma adjustments were deemed necessary by the Company.
F-84 |
Effects of inflation
MexFRS B-10 “Effects of inflation" (applicable for years beginning on or after January 1, 2008), supersedes Bulletin B-10 of MexFRS "Recognition of the effects of inflation on the financial information", and its fifth amendment documents as well as the related circulars and Mexican Interpretation of Financial Reporting Standards. The main consideration established by this MexFRS is the recognition of the effects of inflation when an entity operates in an inflationary economic environment (defined as when cumulative inflation over the immediately preceding three year period is equal to or greater than 26%) applicable as from January 1, 2008. Therefore, the last restatement factor applied to financial statements for the year ended December 2007 was 1.0376, which corresponds to the annual rate of inflation from December 31, 2006 to December 31, 2007, based on the Mexican National Consumer Price Index (NCPI) published by Banco de Mexico.
The reconciliation to U.S. GAAP does not include the reversal of the adjustments to the financial statements for the effects related to the inflation required under MexFRS because the application of MexFRS B-10 represents a comprehensive measure of the effects of price level changes in the Mexican economy and, as such, it is considered a more meaningful presentation than historical cost base over financial reporting for both Mexican and U.S. accounting purposes as permitted by the “Securities and Exchange Commission” (SEC).
Cash flow information
MexFRS B-2 “Statement of cash flow” was revised and changes are effective beginning January 1, 2010. The changes in the presentation were recognized retrospectively and are related to “available on demand-investment” that should be highly liquid (original maturities of three months or less).
At December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, restricted cash amounting to $8,270, $8,899, and $1,641 respectively, are being reclassified for U.S. GAAP purposes from the line-item “cash and cash equivalents” to “restricted cash”, within investing activities, since such restricted cash does not meet the definition of cash equivalents according to FASB ASC Topic 230 Statement of cash flows (SFAS 95 Statement of cash flows).
F-85 |
Consolidated statements of cash flows derived from information prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP would be as presented as follows:
Cash Flow Information | Years ended December 31, | |||||||||||
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | ||||||||||
OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||||||
Net income under U.S. GAAP | $ | 798,440 | $ | 1,977,951 | $ | 1,180,685 | ||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | ||||||||||||
Depreciation | 667,354 | 697,364 | 749,334 | |||||||||
Bargain purchase | - | - | (994,585 | ) | ||||||||
Deferred income tax | 291,459 | 50,949 | (155,502 | ) | ||||||||
Unrealized loss (gain) on derivative financial instruments | (785,398 | ) | (1,625 | ) | 2,689 | |||||||
Foreign exchange loss on loans | - | - | 34,500 | |||||||||
Loss on sale of property, plant and equipment | 88,186 | 148,571 | 46,671 | |||||||||
Labor obligations, net period cost | 46,682 | 42,865 | 43,427 | |||||||||
1,106,723 | 2,916,075 | 907,219 | ||||||||||
Changes in assets and liabilities: | ||||||||||||
Accounts receivable | $ | (44,359 | ) | $ | (60,654 | ) | $ | (199,177 | ) | |||
Inventories and biological assets | 274,541 | (945 | ) | (877,238 | ) | |||||||
Prepaid expenses and other accounts receivable | (934 | ) | 16,265 | (67,166 | ) | |||||||
Accounts payable | 2,058 | (81,696 | ) | 565,424 | ||||||||
Related parties payable | 17,277 | (6,740 | ) | 17,670 | ||||||||
Other taxes payable and other accruals | 109,168 | (44,048 | ) | (242,673 | ) | |||||||
Labor obligations, net | (40,452 | ) | (18,749 | ) | (35,201 | ) | ||||||
Cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities to next page | $ | 1,424,022 | $ | 2,719,508 | $ | 68,858 |
F-86 |
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | ||||||||||
Cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities from previous page | $ | 1,424,022 | $ | 2,719,508 | $ | 68,858 | ||||||
INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||||||
Acquisition of property, plant and Equipment | $ | (988,250 | ) | $ | (560,586 | ) | $ | (849,334 | ) | |||
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and Equipment | 16,541 | 42,179 | 83,946 | |||||||||
Restricted cash | 215,651 | (629 | ) | 7,258 | ||||||||
Investment securities | 316,162 | (57,507 | ) | (201,373 | ) | |||||||
Business acquisition | - | - | (1,326,741 | ) | ||||||||
Other assets | (650 | ) | (1,497 | ) | (4,589 | ) | ||||||
Cash flows used in investing activities | $ | (440,546 | ) | $ | (578,040 | ) | $ | (2,290,833 | ) | |||
FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable to Banks | $ | 1,044,611 | $ | 778,955 | $ | 1,930,541 | ||||||
Repayment of long-term debt and notes payable | (706,668 | ) | (1,095,870 | ) | (774,598 | ) | ||||||
Cash dividends paid | (250,045 | ) | (250,082 | ) | (299,926 | ) | ||||||
Dividends paid to non-controlling interest | (1,035 | ) | (1,186 | ) | (912 | ) | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 1,079 | (5,167 | ) | (209 | ) | |||||||
Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities | 87,942 | (573,350 | ) | 854,896 | ||||||||
Translation effect of foreign subsidiary | - | - | 32,124 | |||||||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash and equivalents | 1,071,418 | 1,568,118 | (1,334,955 | ) | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 1,319,439 | 2,390,857 | 3,958,975 | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | $ | 2,390,857 | $ | 3,958,975 | $ | 2,624,020 |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flows information:
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | ||||||||||
Interest paid during the year | $ | (90,192 | ) | $ | (73,519 | ) | $ | (60,809 | ) | |||
Payment of valuation effects of financial instruments | 177,740 | - | - | |||||||||
Income taxes paid during the year | $ | (107,158 | ) | $ | (495,846 | ) | $ | (121,982 | ) |
F-87 |
Agriculture:
The Company follows the requirements of the MexFRS bulletin E-1, Agriculture, which establishes the rules for recognizing, valuing, presenting and disclosing biological assets and agricultural products.
This bulletin establishes that biological assets and the agricultural products (the latter at the time of their harvesting) are to be valued at their fair value, net of estimated costs at point of sale. Also, the bulletin establishes that whenever the fair value cannot be determined in a reliable, verifiable and objective manner, the assets are to be valued at their production cost, net of accumulated impairment, if any.
In accordance with U.S. GAAP, under FASB ASC 905 Topic “Agriculture”, sub-topic 330 Inventory biological assets and agricultural products are to be valued at cost. Accordingly, the reconciliation between MexFRS and U.S. GAAP income for 2009, 2010 and 2011 includes a reversal of the unrealized gain (loss) on valuation of biological assets and agricultural products at fair value, which shows an increases of $7,214 and increases of $32,016 and a decrease of ($2,558), respectively.
Capitalized interest:
Under MexFRS D-6 starting January 1, 2007, capitalized interest is comprehensively measured in order to include: (i) the interest expense, plus (ii) any foreign exchange fluctuations, and less (iii) the related monetary position result, which was applicable until December 31, 2007, because of the adoption of the new MexFRS B-10 that came into effect on January 1, 2008. Although the Company adopted the policy of capitalizing the comprehensive result of financing on assets under construction, as a result of MexFRS D-6, during 2009, 2010 and 2011, there were no construction projects identified with interest expense related to debt, as described in Note 2j.
Under U.S. GAAP, interest expense incurred during the qualifying construction period must be considered as an additional cost of qualifying constructed assets to be capitalized in property, plant and equipment and depreciated over the lives of the related assets. The amount of the capitalized interest for U.S. GAAP purposes was determined by applying the weighted average interest rate of financing. During 2009, 2010 and 2011, there were no qualifying construction projects.
F-88 |
Deferred income tax and deferred employee statutory profit sharing:
Under MexFRS, the Company determines deferred income taxes in a manner similar to U.S. GAAP, using the asset and liability method, by applying the enacted statutory income tax rate. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, and for operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in results of operations in the period that includes the enactment date. For MexFRS presentation purposes, deferred tax assets and liabilities are long-term items, while under U.S. GAAP, deferred tax assets and liabilities should be classified as short-term or long-term items depending on the nature of the caption that gives rise to such deferred tax assets and liabilities.
Under U.S. GAAP, as of December 31, 2010 and 2011, the long term deferred tax liability is $1,825,344 and $2,132,907 respectively. Short term deferred tax liability is $526,395 and $608,009 as of December 31, 2010 and 2011, respectively.
The deferred tax adjustment included in the net income and stockholders’ equity reconciliations includes the effect of deferred taxes on all U.S. GAAP adjustments reflected in the reconciliation from MexFRS to U.S. GAAP. Under U.S. GAAP, the Company recognizes a deferred tax liability associated with profits originated during the simplified regime that have not paid income tax previously, but would be subject to taxation upon future distributions under the Mexican tax law. Due to the accounting change under MexFRS in 2009, this concept generates a reconciling difference to U.S. GAAP. The deferred tax liability under this concept amounted $309,106 and $270,029 as of December 31, 2010 and 2011, respectively.
F-89 |
The Company is required to pay Employee Statutory Profit Sharing (ESPS) in accordance with Mexican labor law. In accordance with MexFRS D-3 “Employee Benefits”, deferred ESPS is determined under the asset and liability method at the statutory rate of 10%. This methodology is similar to the approach under FASB ASC Topic 740 “Income Taxes” (SFAS 109 Accounting for Income Taxes).
The Company’s reconciliations between MexFRS and U.S. GAAP do not include deferred ESPS since there is no amount to be booked.
Under MexFRS, current ESPS is recorded within other expenses, net. Under U.S. GAAP, ESPS is classified as selling, general and administrative expenses.
Severance indemnities
MexFRS D-3 “Labor Obligations” requires among other things, that employee benefits should be classified in four main categories; direct short-term and long term, termination and post-employment benefits. MexFRS D-3 establishes a maximum five-year period for amortizing unrecognized/unamortized items while actuarial gains or losses may be recognized as earned or incurred. Unlike termination benefits, post-employment benefit actuarial gains or losses may be immediately recognized in results of operations or amortized over the expected service life of the employees.
Under U.S. GAAP, FASB ASC Topic 712 “Compensation-Non retirement Post employment Benefits” required that a liability for certain termination benefits provided under an ongoing benefit arrangement such as statutorily mandated severance indemnities should be recognized in results of operations when the employers’ obligations relates to rendered services, the likelihood of future settlement is probable and the liability can be reasonably estimated. Therefore, as of December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, the amounts of past service cost amortized under MexFRS was $4,828, $4,828 and $4,667, respectively. Such amounts have been reversed for U.S. GAAP since these amounts had been already recognized in the results of operations under U.S. GAAP. These amounts were included in the U.S. GAAP reconciliation of net income and equity.
FASB ASC Topic 715 “Compensation-Retirement Benefits”
Under MexFRS D-3, companies must amortize transition obligations/benefits, over a maximum period of 5 years. This requirement has resulted in an increase in net periodic pension cost under MexFRS which is being reversed for US GAAP purposes.
FASB ASC Topic 715 “Compensation-Retirement Benefits”, requires companies to recognize the funded or unfunded status of defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans as a net asset or liability and to recognize changes in that funded or unfunded status in the year in which the changes occur through accumulated other comprehensive income to the extent those changes are included in the net periodic cost. The funded status reported on the balance sheet as of December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011 under FASB ASC Topic 715 “Compensation-Retirement Benefits” was measured as the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the projected benefit obligation on a plan-by-plan basis.
F-90 |
The components of the plan funded status that is reflected in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2010 and 2011 are as follows:
2010 | ||||||||||||||||
Pension plan | Seniority premium | Severance | Total | |||||||||||||
Projected benefit obligation | $ | 229,609 | 83,871 | $ | 57,286 | $ | 370,766 | |||||||||
Market value of plan assets | (256,382 | ) | - | - | (256,382 | ) | ||||||||||
(Funded) unfunded defined benefit plan (asset) liability | $ | (26,773 | ) | 83,871 | $ | 57,286 | $ | 114,384 |
2011 | ||||||||||||||||
Pension plan | Seniority premium | Severance | Total | |||||||||||||
Projected benefit obligation | $ | 203,164 | 76,382 | $ | 61,025 | $ | 340,571 | |||||||||
Market value of plan assets | (250,855 | ) | - | - | (250,855 | ) | ||||||||||
(Funded) unfunded defined benefit plan (asset) liability | $ | (47,691 | ) | 76,382 | $ | 61,025 | $ | 89,716 |
The asset allocations of the Company’s pension benefits as of December 31, 2010 and 2011 measurement dates were as follows:
Pension benefits (Level 2) | ||||||||
Asset category: | 2010 | 2011 | ||||||
Debt securities | $ | 256,382 | $ | 250,855 | ||||
Total | $ | 256,382 | $ | 250,855 |
Goodwill:
Beginning January 1, 2005, due to the adoption of MexFRS B-7, goodwill is no longer amortized, but rather is subject to annual impairment test, and also in interim periods when impairment indicators are noted.
F-91 |
For U.S. GAAP purposes, goodwill is reviewed for impairment at least annually in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 350, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other”. Up to December 31, 2004, the Company recognized an accumulated effect (increase in equity) of $58,716 due to the reversal of amortization of goodwill recognized under MexFRS, restoring the goodwill amount in order to comply with U.S. GAAP. The goodwill impairment test is a two-step test. Under the first step, the fair value of the reporting unit is compared with its carrying value (including goodwill). If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, an indication of goodwill impairment exists for the reporting unit and the enterprise must perform step two of the impairment test (measurement). Under step two, an impairment loss is recognized for any excess of the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill over the implied fair value of that goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined by allocating the fair value of the reporting unit in a manner similar to a purchase price allocation and the residual fair value after this allocation is the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. Fair value of the reporting unit is determined using a discounted cash flow analysis. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, step two does not need to be performed.
The Company performs its annual impairment review of goodwill at December 31, and when a triggering event occurs between annual impairment tests. In 2009, 2010 and 2011, no triggering events occurred and the annual impairment test did not reflect any impairment concern.
F-92 |
Reporting comprehensive income:
For U.S. GAAP reconciliation purposes, the Company has adopted the FASB ASC Topic 220 “Comprehensive Income”, which establishes rules for reporting and disclosure of comprehensive income and its components. Comprehensive income consists of current year net (loss) income plus (less) the change in stockholders’ equity resulting from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. For the 2009, 2010 and 2011 fiscal years the components of comprehensive income are the net income, and labor obligation under FASB ASC Topic 715 “Compensation-Retirement Benefits” net of taxes. In addition, for the 2011 fiscal year there is a translation effect of foreign subsidiary as part of the comprehensive income. Comprehensive income effects and amounts under US GAAP are disclosed in the consolidated statements of stockholder´s equity in accordance with US GAAP.
Impairment of long-lived assets:
Under US GAAP, an impairment test on long-lived assets requires a two-step process to determine the amount of any impairment loss to be recognized when events and circumstances indicated that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. The first step of this test requires the determination of whether the carrying amount of the long-lived asset is recoverable through the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset (asset group). The second step requires the determination of the amount of impairment loss to be recognized by comparing the carrying amount of the asset (asset group) to its fair value. Mexican FRS does not require a two-step impairment evaluation process for long-lived assets but rather, a direct comparison is made between the recoverable amount (higher of value in use and fair value less cost to sale) and carrying value. Since there were no impairment indicators or triggering events, no impairment losses on long-lived assets have been recorded in 2009, 2010 and 2011.
F-93 |
Valuation and Qualifying accounts:
Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. Write-off’s for 2009, 2010 and 2011 were as follows:
Balance at beginning of period | Business Acquisition (OK Industries) | Charged to cost and expenses | Deductions | Balance at end of period | ||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts | 2011 | $ | 32,990 | $ | 699 | $ | 15,298 | $ | (10,450 | ) | $ | 38,537 | ||||||||||||
2010 | $ | 29,801 | $ | - | $ | 18,743 | $ | (15,554 | ) | $ | 32,990 | |||||||||||||
2009 | $ | 28,320 | $ | - | $ | 12,647 | $ | (11,166 | ) | $ | 29,801 |
The Company does not have any off-balance-sheet credit exposure related to its customers.
Investment Securities
All rights and obligations arising from primary investment securities are recognized on the balance sheet and the company classifies its investment securities depending on the purpose for which the securities were acquired: (i) held-to-maturity, (ii) trading, or (iii) available for sale. Investments in these instruments are reflected on the line-item “current primary investment securities” within cash and investments, denominated in Mexican peso and US dollar.
Trading securities, except held-to-maturity, are recorded at fair value, where peso-denominated debt securities are taken from the bank statements which are based on the information of the local price vendors, while US-denominated debt securities are based on diversified sources. Held-to-maturity securities are recorded at amortized cost. Changes in the carrying amounts of trading securities, including the related costs and yields are included under comprehensive financial results. Gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of available-for-sale securities (less the corresponding yield) non functional currency denominated and foreign exchange gain or loss, in the case of equity securities, as well as the related monetary position gain or loss, as applicable, are reported as a comprehensive income (loss) item within stockholders’ equity.
Furthermore, where evidence exists that a financial asset held-to-maturity shall not be recovered in full, the expected loss (impairment) is recognized in the statement of operations.
Several securities were no longer traded actively in the financial markets, hence the Company, in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 320 “Investment-Debt and Equity Securities”, transferred Commercial Paper classified as trading securities to the Held-To-Maturity category starting October 1, 2008.
F-94 |
Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Hedging Activities
The Company accounts for derivatives and hedging activities in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”, which requires entities to recognize all derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities in the balance sheet at their respective fair values. For derivatives designated into qualified fair value hedging relationships, changes in the fair value are either offset through earnings against the change in fair value of the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged or if a qualified cash flow hedging relationship is designated, the effective portion changes on the fair value of the derivatives are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income. Amounts are reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into earnings when the hedged item is recognized in earnings affecting the same revenue or expense item where the hedged item impacts.
The Company enters into transactions denominated in foreign currencies, buying and selling options. These derivatives are not designated as hedging instruments for financial reporting purposes, thus the changes in their fair values are recorded in earnings each period.
Relative to grain usage, the Company enters into derivative contracts designated to hedge firm commitments not recognized as assets or liabilities in the balance sheet (fair value hedges). However, derivatives not designated under a hedging relationship or those do not qualify under strict hedge accounting criteria, are accounted for as trading instruments with changes in fair value recorded in earnings each period. As of November 1st, 2011, the Company acquired OK Industries Inc., and with this acquisition the Company acquired open positions on grain options listed in CBOT (Chicago Board of Trade). The changes in the fair value of these instruments have been also recorded in earnings each period since that date.
F-95 |
For all qualifying hedging relationships, the Company formally documents the hedging relationship, including its risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge, the hedging instrument, the hedged item, the nature of the risk being hedged, how the hedging instrument’s effectiveness in offsetting the hedged risk will be assessed prospectively and retrospectively, and a description of the method of measuring ineffectiveness.
For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify for a hedging relationship under the fair value hedge accounting model, the Company recognizes the changes in fair value of the derivative directly in earnings each period, as well as the changes in fair value attributable to the hedged risk of the hedged item, that is grain firm commitments (off-balance sheet executory contracts) which latter become recognized assets (grain inventory).
The Company discontinues hedge accounting prospectively when it determines that the derivative is no longer effective in offsetting changes in fair value or if the derivative expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, or if the derivative is no longer designated as a hedging instrument because the management determines that designation of the derivative as a hedging instrument is no longer appropriate.
In all situations in which hedge accounting is discontinued and the derivative instrument remains outstanding, the Company continues to carry the derivative instrument at its fair value on the balance sheet and recognizes any subsequent changes in its fair value within current earnings.
On January 1, 2009, the Company adopted the provisions of SFAS 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (included in Topic 815-10: Derivatives and Hedging – Overall), which amends the disclosure requirements for derivative instruments and hedging activities.
The Company has implemented fair value hedge relationships with firm commitments as hedged item, using bought options on grain futures. Hedge accounting for these relationships does require the recognition of either an asset (gain) or a liability (loss) attributable to the hedged risk (intrinsic changes only) on the balance sheet against current earnings where the changes in the fair value hedge derivatives effects are also recognized and do compensate.
F-96 |
When the same bought options on corn grain futures are redesigned as to hedge a portion of corn/sorghum inventories, once these became recognized assets, the changes in these inventory’s portion fair values adjust the carrying value of such grain inventories against current earnings, where the changes in fair value of the designated derivatives offset in current earnings these decreases in the inventories’ fair value. The cash flow statement is affected when the derivatives’ cash flow from early exercises or those that end up with intrinsic value are collected from ASERCA.
During 2011, the Company took long positions in 6,767 put option contracts on corn futures listed in the CBOT (each conveys 5,000 bushels), which gave the right to the Company for selling 859,477 metric tons at certain strike price 5,493 of these put option contracts reached their maturity during 2011 and provided to the Company a realized gain at correspondent expirations of $1.9 millions of dollars which was recognized in current earnings into cost of goods sold.
Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Hedging Activities:
As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company used commodity derivatives to manage its exposure to commodity prices, and foreign exchange rate derivatives. The Company does not enter into derivative instruments for any purpose other than hedging its exposure to these commodity prices and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, however, derivatives that did not qualify for hedge accounting were accounted as trading instruments. By the end of 2008 and amended in 2010, the Company did establish a Corporate Policy associated to the use of foreign exchange derivatives, where instruments entered in the amount of up to 30 Million USD are approved by the Risk Committee, while entering into an amount higher than this amount does require Board’s approval.
By using derivative financial instruments to hedge exposures to changes in commodity prices and exchange rate fluctuations, the Company exposes itself to credit risk and market risk. Credit risk is the failure of the counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative contract. When the fair value of a derivative contract is positive, the counterparty owes the Company, which creates credit risk for the Company. When the fair value of a derivative contract is negative, the Company owes the counterparty and, therefore, the Company is not exposed to the counterparty’s credit risk in those circumstances. Positive fair value derivatives are carried as financial assets on the balance sheet, while negative fair values are presented as current liabilities on the balance sheet.
F-97 |
The Company maintains a commodity-price-risk management strategy that uses derivative instruments to minimize significant, unanticipated earnings fluctuations caused by commodity-price volatility. The manufacturing of the Company’s products requires a significant volume of grain. Price fluctuations in grain cause market values of grain inventory to differ from its cost and cause the actual purchase price of the grain to differ from the anticipated price.
As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company has periodically entered into grain futures and options on futures (F&O) contracts traded at the CBOT through New Edge, and Jefferies Bache a F&O brokers on behalf of the Company, to economically hedge a portion of its anticipated purchases of grains, against the risk associated with fluctuations in market prices. These F&O contracts were not designated as hedges; thus, changes in fair value were recognized directly in earnings each period.
Also, the Company has entered into options on futures of corn, as to hedge the downward changes in the prices of grains, corn and sorghum, when the pricing of these are fixed through firm commitments, based on a Mexican Government sponsored program named “Agricultura por Contrato” managed by ASERCA (Apoyos y Servicios a la Comercialización Agropecuaria), a governmental entity ascribed to Mexico’s Secretary of Farming and Agriculture (SAGARPA, Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación). This program basically represents a subsidy to the Company, through which, a commodities-related price hedging program scheme is offered to both farmers and agro-business entities such as the Company. The ASERCA program had two participating modalities: during 2011 for which the Company applied (i) 10% of the payment of the option’s premium and 100% of the benefit with a 60% discount on the amount of the initial premium, or (ii) 50% of the payment of the option’s premium, and 100% of the benefit in the payment of the premium of the bought options with a 38% discount on the amount of the initial premium.
F-98 |
Also, in this program ASERCA plays the role of the intermediary between the Company and the CBOT, but stands as the counterparty. These are put options on futures listed at the CBOT and are designated as fair value hedging relationships. The changes in the fair value of these options and the fair value of the hedged item (firm commitments) are recognized in earnings. Changes in the fair value of the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk, that were recognized within the consolidated balance sheet as either an asset or liability from the grain firm commitment’s valuation or as an adjustment to the carrying value of the inventory when the edged item is the grain inventory during the hedging relationship, where the firm commitment’s fair value effects are subsequently reclassified as hedge adjustments to cost of goods sold when the related inventory layer affect earnings as cost of goods sold.
As of December 31, 2010 and 2011, the Company had entered into foreign currency exchange rate derivatives, traded with the following financial institutions as of December 31, 2010: UBS Group and Santander (México) and as of December 31, 2011: UBS Group Morgan Stanley and Morgan Stanley, S. A. These structured derivatives were not designated in a hedging relationship, hence changes in the fair value for these instruments were recognized in earnings each period. Likewise, the Company entered into over-the-counter (OTC) grain derivatives with Cargill Incorporated and exchange traded derivatives through, New Edge and Jefferies Bache which were not designated as hedges and consequently, the changes in their fair values were also recognized in earnings each period.
As of December 31, 2010 and 2011, the Company had not established any current hedging relationship under the cash flow hedge model; hence there is no derivatives effect in other comprehensive income as of these dates.
Fair Value Measurements and the Fair Value Option of Financial Instruments:
The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
F-99 |
When feasible, the Company uses quoted market prices to determine fair values. Where quoted market prices are not available, the fair value is internally derived based upon valuation methodologies with respect to the amount and timing of future cash flows and estimated discount rates adjusted for both counterparty and entity’s own risk. However, considerable judgment is required in interpreting market data to develop estimates of fair value, so the estimates including both counterparty and entity’s own risk adjustment are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized or would be paid in a current market exchange, but those are proxy estimates. The effect of using different market assumptions or estimation methodologies could be material to the estimated fair values. Fair value information presented herein is based on information available as of December 31, 2010 and 2011. Fair values vary from period to period based on changes in a wide range of risk factors, including interest rates, credit quality, and market perceptions of value and as existing assets and liabilities run off and new transactions are entered into.
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments:
Cash, trade accounts receivable, other account receivables, other assets (nonderivatives), trade accounts payable, due to affiliated company, and accrued expenses (nonderivatives): The carrying amounts, at face value or cost plus accrued interest, reported in the consolidated balance sheets equal or approximate fair values, due to the short maturity of these instruments.
Investment securities: The Company classifies its investment securities depending on the purpose for which the securities were acquired, its holding period objective and the Company’s ability to hold them until maturity as either: (i) trading, (ii) held-to-maturity or (iii) available for sale. Trading securities and available for sale securities are recognized at fair value, determined by using quoted market prices multiplied by the quantity held when quoted market prices are available. Held-to-maturity securities are reported at amortized cost.
Futures and Options on Futures of Grains: Exchange listed futures and options on futures are valued using the closing (settlement) price observed at the CBOT on the last business day of the year.
F-100 |
Currency exchange rate options: The fair value of these over-the-counter options is determined using option pricing models that value the potential for the option to become “in the money” through changes in currency exchange rate prices during the remaining term of the derivative. Inputs to that option pricing model reflect observable market data, including implied volatility determined by reference to exchange traded options on futures.
Note payables to banks, long and short term debt: The fair value of the Company’s long-term debt is measured using quoted offered-side prices when quoted market prices are available. If quoted market prices are not available, the fair value is determined by discounting the future cash flows of each instrument at rates that reflect, among other things, market interest rates and the Company’s credit standing. For long-term debt measurements, where there are not rates currently observable in publicly traded debt markets of similar terms to companies with comparable credit, the Company uses market interest rates and adjusts that rate for all necessary risks, including its own credit risk. In determining an appropriate spread to reflect its credit standing, the Company considers credit default swap spreads, bond yields of other long-term debt offered by the Company, and interest rates currently offered to the Company for similar debt instruments of comparable maturities by the Company’s bankers as well as other banks that regularly compete to provide financing to the Company.
In accordance to FASB ASC Topic 825 “Financial Instruments” (SFAS 107 Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments), the following table presents both the carrying and estimated fair value of assets and liabilities considered financial instruments under this Statement. Others items like short and long term debt not carried and recognized originally at fair value are also presented in the table at their fair value. The disclosure excludes leases, pension and benefit obligations, as well as insurance policy reserve. Also as required, the disclosures excludes the effect of taxes, any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the entire holdings of a particular instrument, excess fair value associated with deposit with no fixed maturity and other expenses that would be incurred in a market transaction.
F-101 |
According to the FASB ASC Topic 825, certain items are excluded from this table, such as receivables and payables that arises from the ordinary course of business.
2010 | 2011 | |||||||||||||||
Carrying amount | Fair value | Carrying amount | Fair value | |||||||||||||
Cash | $ | 513,076 | $ | 513,076 | $ | 472,318 | $ | 472,318 | ||||||||
Investment Securities | 3,655,247 | 3,655,247 | 2,565,661 | 2,565,661 | ||||||||||||
Short term debt | (139,867 | ) | (163,405 | ) | (1,452,993 | ) | (1,477,537 | ) | ||||||||
Long term debt | (507,053 | ) | (466,930 | ) | (384,370 | ) | (363,146 | ) |
Fair Value Hierarchy:
FASB ASC Topic 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. FASB ASC Topic 820 also establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.
The Company adopted FASB ASC Topic 820 on January 1, 2008 for fair value measurements of financial assets and financial liabilities and for fair value measurements of nonfinancial items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. On January 1, 2009, the Company adopted the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 820 for fair value measurements of nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a nonrecurring basis. FASB ASC Topic 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to measurements involving significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:
F-102 |
· | Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of these products does not entail a significant degree of judgment. |
· | Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Assets and liabilities utilizing Level 2 inputs include investment securities that are not actively traded and derivative contracts. |
· | Level 3 inputs for the asset or liability are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. |
The level in the fair value hierarchy within which a fair measurement in its entirety falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.
The hierarchy requires the use of observable market data when available. In the case of investment securities, the instruments are classified in Level 2. The CBOT derivatives (counterparties New Edge and Jefferies Bache) are classified in Level 1. Currency options and OTC grain derivatives (Cargill and ASERCA) are classified in Level 2.
The following fair value hierarchy table presents assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2010 and 2011 (including only items that are required to be measured at fair value, items for which the fair value option has be elected, are not presented due that the Company did not elect the Fair Value Option):
F-103 |
At December 31, 2010 | Total asset/ liabilities at Fair Value | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | ||||||||||||
Assets: | ||||||||||||||||
Trading Securities | $ | 3,655,247 | - | 3,655,247 | - | |||||||||||
Derivative instruments | 3,841 | 3,573 | 268 | - | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 3,659,088 | 3,573 | 3,655,515 | - | |||||||||||
Liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||
Derivative instruments | $ | (568 | ) | (282 | ) | (286 | ) | - |
At December 31, 2011 | Total asset/ liabilities at Fair Value | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | ||||||||||||
Assets: | ||||||||||||||||
Trading Securities | $ | 2,565,661 | - | 2,565,661 | - | |||||||||||
Derivative instruments | 10,975 | 760 | 10,216 | - | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 2,576,636 | 760 | 2,575,877 | - | |||||||||||
Liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||
Derivative instruments | (768 | ) | (768 | ) | - | - | ||||||||||
Total | $ | (768 | ) | (768 | ) | - | - |
F-104 |
Fair Value Option
FASB ASC Topic 825-10 provides entities with an option to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. Under ASC Topic 825-10, unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected are reported in earnings at each reporting period. This fair value option must be applied on an instrument-by-instrument basis with changes in fair value reported in earnings. After initial adoption, the election can be made at the acquisition of an eligible financial asset, financial liability, or firm commitment or when certain specified reconsideration events occur. The fair value election may not be revoked once an election is made. The adoption of FASB ASC Topic 825-10 did not have an impact to the Company’s financial position and results of operations, as the Company did not elect the fair value option for eligible items.
Income taxes
a) Tax rate reconciliation:
Until December 31, 2010, all income before income tax and related income tax expense (benefit) are from Mexican sources. As it is mentioned in note 1 “Significant transaction” to the consolidated financial statements, on November 1, 2011 the Company acquired 100% of the voting stock of OK Industries Inc., entity located in the United States of America.
Pre-tax income from domestic and foreign operations is comprised as follow:
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | ||||||||||
Pre-tax income from domestic operations | $ | 1,193,751 | 2,524,746 | 122,283 | ||||||||
Pre-tax income from foreign operations | - | - | 972,486 | |||||||||
Total | $ | 1,193,751 | 2,524,746 | 1,094,769 |
Income tax (IT) expense (benefit) attributable to income before income tax differed from the amounts computed by applying the Mexican statutory rate of 19% for 2009 and 21% for 2010 and 2011, respectively, to income before income tax, as a result of the items shown in the following page:
F-105 |
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | ||||||||||
Computed “expected” tax (benefit) expense | $ | 226,813 | 530,197 | 229,902 | ||||||||
Increase (decrease) in income taxes resulting from: | ||||||||||||
Effects of inflation, net | (50,596 | ) | (66,504 | ) | (71,189 | ) | ||||||
Non-deductible expenses | 4,538 | 8,032 | 3,411 | |||||||||
Adjustment to deferred tax assets and liabilities for enacted changes in tax laws and rates | 192,614 | - | - | |||||||||
Effect of companies outside simplified regime | 38,163 | 31,661 | 210,009 | |||||||||
Change in the valuation , allowance of deferred tax assets | 8,130 | 17,164 | (32,312 | ) | ||||||||
(Reversal) addition of deferred tax liability related to simplified regime | (9,273 | ) | 34,153 | (39,077 | ) | |||||||
Gain resulting from Bargain Purchase | - | - | (385,799 | ) | ||||||||
Other, net | (15,078 | ) | (7,908 | ) | (861 | ) | ||||||
IT expense (benefit) | $ | 395,311 | 546,795 | (85,916 | ) |
Income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, 2011 is comprised as follows:
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | ||||||||||
Current tax | $ | 103,853 | $ | 495,846 | $ | 69,586 | ||||||
Deferred tax | 291,458 | 50,949 | (155,502 | ) | ||||||||
$ | 395,311 | $ | 546,795 | $ | (85,916 | ) |
Deferred tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2011, includes an amount of ($123,723) related to the benefit of tax loss carryforwards.
F-106 |
b) Deferred income tax-
Based on the financial projections of taxable income, the Company estimated that it will pay income tax (IT) in future years; therefore, deferred income tax effects as of December 31, 2010 and 2011 have been accounted for reflecting the IT basis.
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2010 and 2011, are presented below:
2010 | 2011 | |||||||
Deferred tax assets: | ||||||||
Accounts payable | $ | 493,645 | 649,678 | |||||
Labor obligations | 29,785 | 42,949 | ||||||
ESPS payable | 11,311 | 9,002 | ||||||
Effects on derivative financial instruments | 1,635 | - | ||||||
Others | 1,006 | - | ||||||
Recoverable AT | 4,859 | 5,044 | ||||||
Tax loss carryforwards | 17,698 | 141,421 | ||||||
Total gross deferred tax assets | 559,939 | 848,094 | ||||||
Less valuation allowance | 53,309 | 20,997 | ||||||
Net deferred tax assets | 506,630 | 827,097 | ||||||
Deferred tax liabilities: | ||||||||
Inventories | 827,540 | 1,040,562 | ||||||
Accounts receivable | 190,082 | 204,213 | ||||||
Property, plant and equipment, net | 1,515,271 | 2,031,296 | ||||||
Other deductions | 16,370 | 20,211 | ||||||
Effects on derivative financial instruments | - | 1,702 | ||||||
Additional deferred income tax liability related to simplified regime | 309,106 | 270,029 | ||||||
Total deferred tax liabilities | 2,858,369 | 3,568,013 | ||||||
Net deferred tax liability | $ | 2,351,739 | 2,740,916 |
F-107 |
The valuation allowance for deferred tax assets as of January 1, 2010 and 2011 amounted to $36,145 and $53,309 respectively. The net change in the total valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2011, was an increase of $17,164 and a decrease of $(32,312), respectively. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The valuation allowance at December 31, 2011 is related to cover asset tax, and part of labor obligations that, in the judgment of management, are not more likely that not to be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment.
Taxable income of the Company on a consolidated basis for the year ended December 31, 2011 was $1,094,770. Based upon the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred tax assets are deductible, management believes it is more likely than not that the Company will realize the benefits of these deductible differences, net of the existing valuation allowance at December 31, 2011. The amount of the deferred tax asset considered realizable, however, could be reduced in the near future if estimates of future taxable income during the carryforward period are reduced.
The Company has not accounted for deferred income taxes on the temporary differences resulting from investments in subsidiaries since it meets the criteria provided by ASC 740 “Income taxes” (Accounting Principles Board Opinion 23 (APB 23)). The Company considers these investments to be indefinitely held. A deferred tax liability will be recognized once the Company expects to dispose such investments, and as long as the sale price is higher than the tax cost of such investments. The taxable temporary difference related to such investments amounts approximately to $1,044,000, and it is no practicable to compute the unrecognized deferred tax liability.
F-108 |
Accounting for uncertainty in income taxes:
FASB Interpretation No. 48 “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, an interpretation of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No.109” (included in FASB ASC Topic 740 Income taxes – Overall) (FIN 48) requires that an entity recognizes in the consolidated financial statements the effect of income tax positions, only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained upon examination, based on the technical merits of the position. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. The Company’s accounting policy is to accrue interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, if and when required, as a component of other income (expense), in the consolidated statements of operations.
For the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, the Company did not have any unrecognized tax benefits and thus no interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits were recorded. In addition, the Company does not expect that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits will change significantly within the next 12 months. The income tax returns of the Company and its Mexican subsidiaries remain subject to examination by the Mexican tax authorities for the tax years beginning in 2007. In regards to the US subsidiaries the income tax returns for the tax years beginning in 2007 remain subject to examination by the US tax authorities.
F-109 |
Business and credit concentrations:
The Company’s products are sold to a large number of customers without significant concentration with any of them; likewise, there is no significant supplier concentration.
Summary of adjustments to reconcile MexFRS and U.S. GAAP:
The following is a summary of net income adjusted to take into account certain material differences between MexFRS and U.S. GAAP:
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | ||||||||||
Net income as reported under MexFRS | $ | 809,045 | $ | 1,986,326 | $ | 159,138 | ||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to U.S. GAAP: | ||||||||||||
Biological assets and agricultural products valuation at fair value | 7,214 | 32,016 | (2,558 | ) | ||||||||
Depreciation of capitalized interest | (4,724 | ) | (4,724 | ) | (4,724 | ) | ||||||
Severance cost | 4,828 | 4,828 | 4,667 | |||||||||
Pensions plan and Seniority Premium | 2,882 | 2,885 | 2,738 | |||||||||
Bargain purchase | - | - | 994,585 | |||||||||
Deferred income tax on US GAAP adjustments | 1,774 | (9,227 | ) | 6,308 | ||||||||
Fair value credit valuation adjustment effect | (31,852 | ) | - | - | ||||||||
Additional deferred income tax liability related to simplified regime | 9,273 | (34,153 | ) | 39,077 | ||||||||
Depreciation of fair values of property, plant and equipment of OK Industries, Inc. | - | - | (18,546 | ) | ||||||||
Less: non-controlling interest income | (11,445 | ) | (2,976 | ) | (2,097 | ) | ||||||
Net controlling interest income under U.S. GAAP | $ | 786,995 | $ | 1,974,975 | $ | 1,178,588 | ||||||
Other comprehensive income, net of tax | 4,469 | 3,910 | 86,198 | |||||||||
Comprehensive income | 791,464 | 1,978,885 | 1,264,786 | |||||||||
Weighted average number of shares outstanding (thousands) | 600,000 | 600,000 | 600,000 | |||||||||
Net income per basic and diluted share | $ | 1.31 | $ | 3.29 | $ | 2.11 |
Classification differences:
There are certain other classification differences between MexFRS and U.S. GAAP, which are as follows:
- | Effective beginning January 1, 2011, with retrospective application; under Mex FRS, advances for purchase of inventories (current assets) or property, plant and equipment and intangible assets (non-current assets), among others, must be reported under prepayments provided the benefits and risks inherent in the assets to be acquired or the services to be received have not yet been transferred to the entity. Furthermore, prepaid expenses must be reported based on the nature of the item to be acquired, either under current assets or non-current assets. Under US GAAP, advances for purchase of inventory, or property plant and equipment are still recorded as inventory or property plant and equipment, respectively. |
F-110 |
- | Employee statutory profit sharing expenses are classified as other expenses under MexFRS and as selling, general and administrative expenses under U.S. GAAP. |
- | Tax incentives for 2009 are presented as other income under MexFRS and as a reduction of selling, general and administrative expenses under U.S. GAAP. There were no tax incentives in 2010 and 2011 |
The reconciliation of the controlling interest between MexFRS and U.S. GAAP is as follows:
Years ended December 31 | ||||||||
2010 | 2011 | |||||||
Controlling interest' equity as reported under MexFRS | $ | 16,316,355 | $ | 16,208,897 | ||||
Adjustments to reconcile controlling interest’ equity to U.S. GAAP: | ||||||||
Biological assets and agricultural products valuation at fair value | (72,512 | ) | (75,070 | ) | ||||
Accumulated differences between the financing cost capitalized for MexFRS and U.S. GAAP purposes | 94,481 | 94,481 | ||||||
Accumulated depreciation on capitalized interest | (33,726 | ) | (38,450 | ) | ||||
Severance cost | (8,714 | ) | (4,048 | ) | ||||
Pension plan and Seniority Premium | 20,787 | 56,421 | ||||||
Reversal of accumulated amortization of goodwill | 58,716 | 58,716 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes on U.S. GAAP adjustments | (13,483 | ) | (17,044 | ) | ||||
Additional deferred income tax liability related to simplified regime | (309,106 | ) | (270,029 | ) | ||||
Translation effect of foreign subsidiary | - | 27,536 | ||||||
Depreciation of fair value of property, plant and equipment of OK Industries, Inc. | - | (18,546 | ) | |||||
Bargain purchase | - | 994,585 | ||||||
Controlling interest’ equity as reported under U.S. GAAP | $ | 16,052,798 | $ | 17,017,449 |
The effects of the above adjustments do not have any impact on non-controlling interest.
F-111 |
The consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity in accordance with U.S. GAAP is as follows:
Capital stock | Additional Paid in- capital | Reserve for repurchase of shares | Retained earnings | Accumulated other comprehensive income | Comprehensive income | Total controlling interest equity | Non- controlling interest | Total stockholders´ equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2008 | $ | 2,294,927 | $ | 743,674 | $ | 159,455 | $ | 10,585,770 | $ | 2,838 | $ | - | $ | 13,786,664 | $ | 39,799 | $ | 13,826,463 | ||||||||||||||||||
Cash dividends paid | - | - | - | (250,045 | ) | - | - | (250,045 | ) | - | (250,045 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash dividends paid to non-controlling interest | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | (1,035 | ) | (1,035 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income for the year | - | - | - | 786,995 | - | 786,995 | 786,995 | 11,445 | 798,440 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Components of other comprehensive income: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Labor obligations under FASB ASC Topic 715 effect | - | - | - | - | - | 4,469 | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income, net of taxes | - | - | - | - | 4,469 | 4,469 | 4,469 | - | 4,469 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase of shares | - | 1,079 | - | - | - | - | 1,079 | - | 1,079 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income | - | - | - | - | - | 791,464 | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2009 | $ | 2,294,927 | $ | 744,753 | $ | 159,455 | $ | 11,122,720 | $ | 7,307 | $ | - | $ | 14,329,162 | $ | 50,209 | $ | 14,379,371 |
F-112 |
Capital stock | Additional Paid in- capital | Reserve for repurchase of shares | Retained earnings | Accumulated other comprehensive income | Comprehensive income | Total controlling interest equity | Non- controlling interest | Total stockholders´ equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2009 | $ | 2,294,927 | $ | 744,753 | $ | 159,455 | $ | 11,122,720 | $ | 7,307 | $ | - | $ | 14,329,162 | $ | 50,209 | $ | 14,379,371 | ||||||||||||||||||
Cash dividends paid | - | - | - | (250,082 | ) | - | (250,082 | ) | - | (250,082 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash dividends paid to non-controlling interest | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | (1,186 | ) | (1,186 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income for the year | - | - | - | 1,974,975 | - | 1,974,975 | 1,974,975 | 2,976 | 1,977,951 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Components of other comprehensive income: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Labor obligations under FASB ASC Topic 715 effect | - | - | - | - | - | 3,910 | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income, net of taxes | - | - | - | - | 3,910 | 3,910 | 3,910 | - | 3,910 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase of shares | - | - | (5,167 | ) | - | - | - | (5,167 | ) | - | (5,167 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income | - | - | - | - | - | 1,978,885 | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2010 | 2,294,927 | $ | 744,753 | $ | 154,288 | $ | 12,847,613 | $ | 11,217 | $ | - | $ | 16,052,798 | $ | 51,999 | $ | 16,104,797 |
F-113 |
Capital
stock | Additional
Paid in- capital | Reserve
for repurchase of shares | Retained
earnings | Accumulated
other comprehensive income | Comprehensive income | Total controlling interest equity | Non- controlling interest | Total
stockholders´ equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2010 | 2,294,927 | $ | 744,753 | $ | 154,288 | $ | 12,847,613 | $ | 11,217 | $ | - | $ | 16,052,798 | $ | 51,999 | $ | 16,104,797 | |||||||||||||||||||
Cash Dividends paid | - | - | - | (299,926 | ) | - | - | (299,926 | ) | - | (299,926 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash dividends paid to non-controlling interest | - | - | - | - | - | - | (912 | ) | (912 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income: | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income for the year | - | - | - | 1,178,588 | - | 1,178,588 | 1,178,588 | 2,097 | 1,180,685 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Components of other comprehensive income: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Translation effect of foreign subsidiary | - | - | - | - | - | 63,171 | 63,171 | - | 63,171 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Labor obligations under FASB ASC Topic 715 effect, net of tax effect of $9,869 | - | - | - | - | - | 23,027 | 23,027 | - | 23,027 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes | - | - | - | - | 86,198 | 86,198 | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase of shares | - | - | (209 | ) | - | - | - | (209 | ) | - | (209 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income | - | - | - | - | - | 1,264,786 | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-controlling interest acquired | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 7,025 | 7,025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2011 | 2,294,927 | $ | 744,753 | $ | 154,079 | $ | 13,726,275 | $ | 97,415 | $ | - | $ | 17,017,449 | $ | 60,209 | $ | 17,077,658 |
(Continued)
F-114 |