lincolns3.htm
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May __, 2009

File No. 333-


 

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_______________________

FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

Lincoln National Corporation
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Indiana
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)

35-1140070
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

150 N. Radnor Chester Road
Radnor, PA  19087
(484) 583-1400

(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including
Area Code, of Registrant's Principal Executive Offices)

Jefferson-Pilot Corporation
Long Term Stock Incentive Plan
(Full Title of Plan)

Dennis L. Schoff
Senior Vice President & General Counsel
Lincoln National Corporation
150 N. Radnor Chester Road
Radnor, PA  19087
(484) 583-1400
(Name, Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including
Area Code, of Agent for Service)

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after the effective date of this registration statement.
_________________________
 
              If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. [  ]
 
 

 
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment, check the following box.  [X]
           If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. [  ]  
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  [  ]      
           If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. [X]
           If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. [  ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.  See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.  (Check one):
Large accelerated filer [X]  Accelerated filer [  ]  Non-accelerated filer [  ] (Do not check if a smaller reporting company).  Smaller reporting company [  ]


 
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
         
Title of Securities
to be registered
Amount to be
registered
Proposed Maximum
offering price per share
Proposed maximum
aggregate offering price
Amount of
registration fee
Common Stock
(no par value)
6,147,150(1), (3)
$15.18 (2)
$93,313,737
$5207

 
(1) Pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), there are being registered such additional shares as may be issuable pursuant to the anti-dilution provisions of the Jefferson-Pilot Corporation Long Term Stock Compensation Plan (the “Plan”), by reason of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions . The shares of common stock to which this Registration Statement relates are to be issued upon exercise of options and in connection with certain other stock-related awards, all of which will be granted or awarded under the Plan for no consideration.

(2) Estimated solely for purposes of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rules 457(c) and 457(h)(1) under the Securities Act based upon the average of the high and low sale prices of LNC’s Common Stock on May 13, 2009 as reported on the New York Stock Exchange composite transactions tape. Pursuant to Rule 457(p), $5,207 of the fee that has already been paid with respect to the aggregate initial offering price ($513,545,000) for a portion of the securities that were previously registered pursuant to Lincoln National Corporation's Registration Statements Forms S-3 (Registration Nos. 333-133086 and 333-133042) filed on April 7, 2006 and April 6, 2006 respectively, and were not sold thereunder, is being used to offset in total the registration fee due herewith.

(3) Pursuant to Rule 429 under the Securities Act, the prospectus included in this registration statement is a combined prospectus, which also relates to LNC's Registration Statements on Form S-3, Registration No. 333-133086 (the “Prior Registration Statement”). This Registration Statement also constitutes the first post-effective amendment to the Prior Registration Statement. Such post-effective amendment shall hereafter become effective concurrently with the effectiveness of this Registration Statement in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933.


 
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PROSPECTUS

6,147,150 Shares

LINCOLN NATIONAL CORPORATION
COMMON STOCK
(No Par Value)

Offered as set forth in this Prospectus pursuant to the

JEFFERSON-PILOT CORPORATION
LONG TERM STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN

This Prospectus relates to shares of our Common Stock to be issued under the Plan to former employees and agents of Jefferson-Pilot Corporation or its subsidiaries (“JP”).

Our Common Stock is listed on The New York Stock Exchange and the Chicago Stock Exchange under the symbol “LNC.” The last reported sale price on May 15, 2009 was $16.12 per share.

Investing in our Common Stock involves risks. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 3 of this prospectus.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 You should rely only on the information contained in or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information that is different. We are not making an offer of these securities in any state or jurisdiction where the offer is not permitted. The information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus is accurate only as of the respective dates of such information. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.

The date of this Prospectus is May 18, 2009.


 
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
Page
The Company
1
Forward-Looking Statements - Cautionary Language
1
Risk Factors
3
Summary of the Plan
23
     1. Purpose of the Plan
23
     2. Types of Awards
23
     3. Shares Subject to the Plan;
 
          Annual Per Person Limitations
23
     4. Eligibility
25
     5. Administration
25
     6. Stock Options and SARS
25
     7. Stock Grants Including LTIP Payouts
26
     8. Tax Withholding
26
     9. Non-Transferability
26
     10. Change in Control
26
 11. Amendment and Termination of the Plan
26
 12. Federal Income Tax Implications of the Plan
27
 13. Miscellaneous
28
Where You Can Find More Information
28
Documents Incorporated by Reference
29
Experts
30
Legal Matters
30

 


It is important for you to read and consider all information contained in this prospectus in making your investment decision. You should also read and consider the additional information under the caption “Where You Can Find More Information”.
 
Unless otherwise indicated, all references in this prospectus to “LNC,” “we,” “our,” “us,” or similar terms refer to Lincoln National Corporation together with its subsidiaries.
 


 
 
REQUIRED DISCLOSURE FOR NORTH CAROLINA RESIDENTS
 
THE COMMISSIONER OF INSURANCE OF THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA HAS NOT APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED OF THIS OFFERING NOR HAS THE COMMISSIONER PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS.
 

 
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THE COMPANY

LNC is a holding company, which operates multiple insurance and investment management businesses through subsidiary companies.  Through our business segments, we sell a wide range of wealth protection, accumulation and retirement income products and solutions.  These products include institutional and/or retail fixed and indexed annuities, variable annuities, universal life insurance (“UL”), variable universal life insurance (“VUL”), term life insurance, mutual funds and managed accounts.  LNC was organized under the laws of the state of Indiana in 1968.  We currently maintain our principal executive offices at 150 N. Radnor Chester Road, Radnor, Pennsylvania.  “Lincoln Financial Group” is the marketing name for LNC and its subsidiary companies.  As of March 31, 2009, LNC had consolidated assets of $157.4 billion and consolidated stockholders’ equity of $7.3 billion.
 
We provide products and services in four operating businesses and report results through six business segments, as follows:

 
Business
Corresponding Segments
 
Retirement Solutions
Annuities and Defined Contribution
     
 
Insurance Solutions
Life Insurance and Group Protection
     
 
Investment Management
Investment Management
     
 
Lincoln UK
 Lincoln UK

We also have Other Operations, which includes our run-off institutional pension business, financial data for operations that are not directly related to the business segments, unallocated corporate items and the ongoing amortization of deferred gain on the indemnity reinsurance portion of the sale of our former reinsurance segment to Swiss Re Life & Health America Inc. (“Swiss Re”) in the fourth quarter of 2001.  Unallocated corporate items include investment income on investments related to the amount of statutory surplus in our insurance subsidiaries that is not allocated to our business units and other corporate investments, interest expense on short-term and long-term borrowings and certain expenses, including restructuring and merger-related expenses.

The following description of the Plan is a summary of its key terms and provisions. The statements contained in this prospectus concerning the Plan are qualified in their entirety by reference to the terms of the Plan itself, which is the legally controlling document. Eligible participants and their beneficiaries may obtain copies of the Plan upon request, or review them at our principal executive office.


FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS – CAUTIONARY LANGUAGE

Certain statements made in this prospectus supplement are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (“PSLRA”).  A forward-looking statement is a statement that is not a historical fact and, without limitation, includes any statement that may predict, forecast, indicate or imply future results, performance or achievements, and may contain words like: “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “estimate,” “project,” “will,” “shall” and other words or phrases with similar meaning in connection with a discussion of future operating or financial performance.  In particular, these include statements relating to future actions, trends in our business, prospective services or products, future performance or financial results and the outcome of contingencies, such as legal proceedings.  We claim the protection afforded by the safe harbor for forward-looking statements provided by the PSLRA.
 
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Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from the results contained in the forward-looking statements.  Risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to vary materially, some of which are described within the forward-looking statements, include, among others:

·  
Continued deterioration in general economic and business conditions, both domestic and foreign, that may affect foreign exchange rates, premium levels, claims experience, the level of pension benefit costs and funding and investment results;
·  
Continued economic declines and credit market illiquidity could cause us to realize additional impairments on investments and certain intangible assets including goodwill and a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets, which may reduce future earnings and/or affect our financial condition and ability to raise additional capital or refinance existing debt as it matures;
·  
Uncertainty about the impact of the U.S. Treasury’s Troubled Asset Relief Program on the economy; and Lincoln’s ability to participate in the program;
·  
Legislative, regulatory or tax changes, both domestic and foreign, that affect the cost of, or demand for, LNC’s products, the required amount of reserves and/or surplus, or otherwise affect our ability to conduct business, including changes to statutory reserves and/or risk-based capital (“RBC”) requirements related to secondary guarantees under universal life and variable annuity products such as Actuarial Guideline VACARVM (“VACARVM”); restrictions on revenue sharing and 12b-1 payments; and the potential for U.S. Federal tax reform;
·  
The initiation of legal or regulatory proceedings against LNC or its subsidiaries, and the outcome of any legal or regulatory proceedings, such as:  adverse actions related to present or past business practices common in businesses in which LNC and its subsidiaries compete; adverse decisions in significant actions including, but not limited to, actions brought by federal and state authorities and extra-contractual and class action damage cases; new decisions that result in changes in law; and unexpected trial court rulings;
·  
Changes in interest rates causing a reduction of investment income, the margins of LNC’s fixed annuity and life insurance businesses and demand for LNC’s products;
·  
A decline in the equity markets causing a reduction in the sales of LNC’s products, a reduction of asset-based fees that LNC charges on various investment and insurance products, an acceleration of amortization of deferred acquisition costs (“DAC”), value of business acquired (“VOBA”), deferred sales inducements (“DSI”) and deferred front-end sales loads (“DFEL”) and an increase in liabilities related to guaranteed benefit features of LNC’s variable annuity products;
·  
Ineffectiveness of LNC’s various hedging strategies used to offset the impact of changes in the value of liabilities due to changes in the level and volatility of the equity markets and interest rates;
·  
A deviation in actual experience regarding future persistency, mortality, morbidity, interest rates or equity market returns from LNC’s assumptions used in pricing its products, in establishing related insurance reserves and in the amortization of intangibles that may result in an increase in reserves and a decrease in net income, including as a result of stranger-originated life insurance business;
·  
Changes in generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) that may result in unanticipated changes to LNC’s net income;
·  
Lowering of one or more of LNC’s debt ratings issued by nationally recognized statistical rating organizations and the adverse impact such action may have on LNC’s ability to raise capital and on its liquidity and financial condition;
·  
Lowering of one or more of the insurer financial strength ratings of LNC’s insurance subsidiaries and the adverse impact such action may have on the premium writings, policy retention and profitability of its insurance subsidiaries;
·  
Significant credit, accounting, fraud or corporate governance issues that may adversely affect the value of certain investments in the portfolios of LNC’s companies requiring that LNC realize losses on such investments;
·  
The impact of acquisitions and divestitures, restructurings, product withdrawals and other unusual items, including LNC’s ability to integrate acquisitions and to obtain the anticipated results and synergies from acquisitions;
·  
The adequacy and collectibility of reinsurance that LNC has purchased;
·  
Acts of terrorism, a pandemic, war or other man-made and natural catastrophes that may adversely affect LNC’s businesses and the cost and availability of reinsurance;
 
 
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·  
Competitive conditions, including pricing pressures, new product offerings and the emergence of new competitors, that may affect the level of premiums and fees that LNC can charge for its products;
·  
The unknown impact on LNC’s business resulting from changes in the demographics of LNC’s client base, as aging baby-boomers move from the asset-accumulation stage to the asset-distribution stage of life; and
·  
Loss of key management, portfolio managers in the Investment Management segment, financial planners or wholesalers.
 
The risks included here are not exhaustive.  “Risk Factors” below as well as LNC’s annual report on Form
10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and other documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) include additional factors that could impact LNC’s business and financial performance, which are incorporated herein by reference.  Moreover, we operate in a rapidly changing and competitive environment.  New risk factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for management to predict all such risk factors.

Further, it is not possible to assess the impact of all risk factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.  Given these risks and uncertainties, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results.  In addition, we disclaim any obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that occur after the date of this prospectus supplement.


RISK FACTORS

You should carefully consider the risks described below and those incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement before making an investment decision in the Plan generally, or in the LNC Common Stock Account specifically.  The risks and uncertainties described below and incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement are not the only ones facing our company.  Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business operations.  If any of these risks actually occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially affected.  In that case, the value of our Common Stock could decline substantially.  In addition, there are risks in investing your money in the investment choices offering under the Plan.  These risks are discussed with the description of each investment option.
 
Adverse capital and credit market conditions may significantly affect our ability to meet liquidity needs, access to capital and cost of capital.
 
The capital and credit markets have been experiencing extreme volatility and disruption for more than twelve months. In some cases, the markets have exerted downward pressure on availability of liquidity and credit capacity for certain issuers.
 
We maintain an investment portfolio of various holdings, types and maturities. These investments are subject to general credit, liquidity, market and interest rate risks. An extended disruption in the credit and capital markets could adversely affect LNC and its subsidiaries’ ability to access sources of liquidity, and there can be no assurance that additional financing will be available to us on favorable terms, or at all, in the current market environment. In addition, further other-than-temporary impairments could reduce our statutory surplus, leading to lower RBC ratios and potentially reducing future dividend capacity from our insurance subsidiaries.
 
We need liquidity to pay our operating expenses, interest on our debt and dividends on our capital stock, to maintain our securities lending activities and to replace certain maturing liabilities. Without sufficient liquidity, we will be forced to curtail our operations, and our business will suffer. As a holding company with no direct operations, our principal asset is the capital stock of our insurance and investment management subsidiaries. Our ability to meet our obligations for payment of interest and principal on outstanding debt obligations and to pay dividends to shareholders and corporate expenses depends significantly upon the surplus and earnings of our subsidiaries and the ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends or to advance or repay funds to us. Payments of dividends and advances or repayment of funds to us by our insurance subsidiaries are restricted by the applicable laws and regulations of
 
 
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their respective jurisdictions, including laws establishing minimum solvency and liquidity thresholds. Changes in these laws could constrain the ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends or to advance or repay funds to us in sufficient amounts and at times necessary to meet our debt obligations and corporate expenses. For our insurance and other subsidiaries, the principal sources of our liquidity are insurance premiums and fees, annuity considerations, investment advisory fees, and cash flow from our investment portfolio and assets, consisting mainly of cash or assets that are readily convertible into cash. At the holding company level, sources of liquidity in normal markets also include a variety of short- and long-term instruments, including credit facilities, commercial paper and medium- and long-term debt.
 
In the event that current resources do not satisfy our needs, we may have to seek additional financing. The availability of additional financing will depend on a variety of factors such as market conditions, the general availability of credit, the volume of trading activities, the overall availability of credit to the financial services industry, our credit ratings and credit capacity, as well as the possibility that customers or lenders could develop a negative perception of our long- or short-term financial prospects if we incur large investment losses or if the level of our business activity decreases due to a market downturn. Similarly, our access to funds may be impaired if regulatory authorities or rating agencies take negative actions against us as has happened recently.  Please see “Part I - Item 1.Business – Ratings” in LNC’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, and Part I – Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation – Introduction – Executive Summary ­– Ratings” in LNC’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2009 (as each may be updated in subsequent periodic and current reports filed with the SEC and incorporated herein by reference) for a complete description of our ratings and ratings outlook.  Our internal sources of liquidity may prove to be insufficient, and in such case, we may not be able to successfully obtain additional financing on favorable terms, or at all.
 
Disruptions, uncertainty or volatility in the capital and credit markets may also limit our access to capital required to operate our business, most significantly our insurance operations. Such market conditions may limit our ability to replace, in a timely manner, maturing liabilities; satisfy statutory capital requirements; generate fee income and market-related revenue to meet liquidity needs; and access the capital necessary to grow our business. As such, we may be forced to delay raising capital, issue shorter term securities than we prefer, or bear an unattractive cost of capital which could decrease our profitability and significantly reduce our financial flexibility. Recently, our credit spreads have widened considerably, which increases the interest rate we must pay on any new debt obligation we may issue. Our results of operations, financial condition, cash flows and statutory capital position could be materially adversely affected by disruptions in the financial markets.
 
Difficult conditions in the global capital markets and the economy generally may materially adversely affect our business and results of operations and we do not expect these conditions to improve in the near future.
 
Our results of operations are materially affected by conditions in the global capital markets and the economy generally, both in the U.S. and elsewhere around the world. The stress experienced by global capital markets that began in the second half of 2007, substantially increased during the second half of 2008 and continued through the first quarter of 2009. Recently, concerns over unemployment, the availability and cost of credit, the U.S. mortgage market and a declining real estate market in the U.S. have contributed to increased volatility and diminished expectations for the economy and the markets going forward. These factors, combined with volatile oil prices and declining business and consumer confidence, have precipitated a recession. In addition, the fixed-income markets are experiencing a period of extreme volatility, which has negatively impacted market liquidity conditions. Initially, the concerns on the part of market participants were focused on the subprime segment of the mortgage-backed securities market. However, these concerns have since expanded to include a broad range of mortgage- and asset-backed and other fixed income securities, including those rated investment grade, the U.S. and international credit and interbank money markets generally, and a wide range of financial institutions and markets, asset classes and sectors. As a result, the market for fixed income instruments has experienced decreased liquidity, increased price volatility, credit downgrade events and increased probability of default. Securities that are less liquid are more difficult to value and may be hard to sell, if desired. Domestic and international equity markets have also been experiencing heightened volatility and turmoil, with issuers (such as our company) that have exposure to the real
 
 
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estate, mortgage and credit markets particularly affected. These events and the continuing market upheavals may have an adverse effect on us, in part because we have a large investment portfolio and are also dependent upon customer behavior. Our revenues are likely to decline in such circumstances and our profit margins could erode. In addition, in the event of extreme prolonged market events, such as the global credit crisis, we could incur significant losses. Even in the absence of a market downturn, we are exposed to substantial risk of loss due to market volatility.
 
Factors such as consumer spending, business investment, government spending, the volatility and strength of the capital markets and inflation all affect the business and economic environment and, ultimately, the amount and profitability of our business. In an economic downturn characterized by higher unemployment, lower family income, lower corporate earnings, lower business investment and lower consumer spending, the demand for our financial and insurance products could be adversely affected. In addition, we may experience an elevated incidence of claims and lapses or surrenders of policies. Our policyholders may choose to defer paying insurance premiums or stop paying insurance premiums altogether. Adverse changes in the economy could affect earnings negatively and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. The current mortgage crisis has also raised the possibility of future legislative and regulatory actions in addition to the recent enactments of the EESA and the ARRA that could further impact our business. We cannot predict whether or when such actions may occur, or what impact, if any, such actions could have on our business, results of operations and financial condition. A continuation of current economic conditions may require us to raise additional capital or consider other transactions to manage our capital position or our liquidity.
 
If our businesses do not perform well and/or the price of our common stock does not increase, we may be required to recognize an impairment of our goodwill or to establish a valuation allowance against the deferred income tax asset, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
 
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price incurred to acquire subsidiaries and other businesses over the fair value of their net assets as of the date of acquisition. As of March 31, 2009, we had a total of $3.3 billion of goodwill on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, of which $2.2 billion related to our Insurance Solutions — Life Insurance segment and $440 million related to our Retirement Solutions — Annuities segment. We test goodwill at least annually for indications of value impairment with consideration given to financial performance and other relevant factors.  In addition, certain events, including a significant and adverse change in legal factors or the business climate, an adverse action or assessment by a regulator or unanticipated competition, would cause us to review the carrying amounts of goodwill for impairment. Impairment testing is performed based upon estimates of the fair value of the “reporting unit” to which the goodwill relates. The reporting unit is the operating segment or a business one level below that operating segment if discrete financial information is prepared and regularly reviewed by management at that level. If the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill is lower that its carrying amount, goodwill is impaired and written down to its fair value, and a charge is reported in impairment of intangibles on our Consolidated Statements of Income.  For the year ended December 31, 2008, we took total pre-tax impairment charges of $176 million, primarily related to our media business, and for the quarter ended March 31, 2009, we took a $603 million pre-tax impairment charge primarily related to our annuities business.
 
Subsequent reviews of goodwill could result in additional impairment of goodwill during 2009, and such write downs could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial position, but will not affect the statutory capital of our insurance subsidiaries.  For more information on goodwill, please see Note 8 and Management’s Discussion & Analysis included in LNC’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, and Note 8 and Management’s Discussion & Analysis included in LNC’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2009 (as each may be updated in subsequent period and current reports filed with the SEC and incorporated herein by reference).
 
Deferred income tax represents the tax effect of the differences between the book and tax basis of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets are assessed periodically by management to determine if they are realizable. Factors in management’s determination include the performance of the business, including the ability to generate capital gains from a variety of sources and tax planning strategies. If, based on available information, it is more likely than not that the deferred income tax asset will not be realized, then a valuation allowance must be established with a
 
 
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corresponding charge to net income. Such valuation allowance could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position, but will not affect the statutory capital of our insurance subsidiaries.

Because we are a holding company with no direct operations, the inability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends to us in sufficient amounts would harm our ability to meet our obligations.

We are a holding company, and we have no direct operations.  Our principal assets are the capital stock of our insurance subsidiaries.

At the holding company level, sources of liquidity in normal markets include a variety of short- and long-term instruments, including credit facilities, commercial paper and medium- and long-term debt.  However, our ability to meet our obligations for payment of interest and principal on outstanding debt obligations and to pay dividends to shareholders, repurchase our securities and pay corporate expenses depends primarily on the ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends or to advance or repay funds to us.  Under Indiana laws and regulations, our Indiana insurance subsidiaries, including our primary insurance subsidiary, The Lincoln National Life Insurance Company (“LNL”), may pay dividends to us without prior approval of the Indiana Insurance Commissioner (the “Commissioner”) up to a certain threshold, or must receive prior approval of the Commissioner to pay a dividend if such dividend, along with all other dividends paid within the preceding twelve consecutive months exceed the statutory limitation. The current Indiana statutory limitation is the greater of 10% of the insurer’s contract holders’ surplus, as shown on its last annual statement on file with the Commissioner or the insurer’s statutory net gain from operations for the prior calendar year.

In addition, payments of dividends and advances or repayment of funds to us by our insurance subsidiaries are restricted by the applicable laws of their respective jurisdictions requiring that our insurance subsidiaries hold a specified amount of minimum reserves in order to meet future obligations on their outstanding policies. These regulations specify that the minimum reserves shall be calculated to be sufficient to meet future obligations, giving consideration for required future premiums to be received, are based  on certain specified mortality and morbidity tables, interest rates and methods of valuation, which are subject to change.  In order to meet their claims-paying obligations, our insurance subsidiaries regularly monitor their reserves to ensure we hold sufficient amounts to cover actual or expected contract and claims payments.  At times, we may determine that reserves in excess of the minimum may be needed to ensure sufficiency.

Changes in these laws can constrain the ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends or to advance or repay funds to us in sufficient amounts and at times necessary to meet our debt obligations and corporate expenses. For example, in September of 2008, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners adopted a new statutory reserving method known as VACARVM, which will be effective as of December 31, 2009. VACARVM has the potential to require statutory reserves well in excess of current levels for certain variable annuity riders sold by us.  Requiring our insurance subsidiaries to hold additional reserves will constrain their ability to pay dividends to the holding company.

Assets in the investment general accounts of our insurance subsidiaries support their reserve liabilities. At March 31, 2009, 74.6% of investment general account assets are AFS fixed maturity securities of various holdings, types and maturities. These investments are subject to general credit, liquidity, market and interest rate risks.  Beginning in 2008 and continuing into 2009, the capital and credit markets have experienced an unusually high degree of volatility.  As a result, the market for fixed income securities has experienced illiquidity, increased price volatility, credit downgrade events and increased expected probability of default.  Securities that are less liquid are more difficult to value and may be hard to sell, if desired.  These market disruptions have led to increased impairments of securities in the general accounts of our insurance subsidiaries, thereby reducing contract holders’ surplus.

The earnings of our insurance subsidiaries also impact contract holders’ surplus. Principal sources of earnings are insurance premiums and fees, annuity considerations, investment advisory fees, and income from our investment portfolio and assets, consisting mainly of cash or assets that are readily convertible into cash.  Recent economic conditions have resulted in lower earnings in our insurance subsidiaries.  Lower earnings constrain the growth in
 
 
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the insurance subsidiaries’ capital, and therefore, the payment of dividends and advances or repayment of funds to us.

In addition, the amount of surplus that our insurance subsidiaries could pay as dividends is constrained by the amount of surplus they hold to maintain their financial strength ratings, to provide an additional layer of margin for risk protection and for future investment in our businesses.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, we believe that our insurance subsidiaries have sufficient liquidity to meet their policy holder obligations and maintain their operations.

The result of the difficult economic and market conditions in reducing the contract holders’ surplus of our insurance subsidiaries has affected our ability to pay shareholder dividends and to engage in share repurchases.  We have taken actions to reduce the holding company’s liquidity needs, including reducing our quarterly common dividend to $0.01 per share and retiring long-term debt and outstanding commercial paper in order to reduce our short-term borrowing needs.  Notwithstanding that the contract holders’ surplus of our insurance subsidiaries may limit the amount of dividends and funds they can transfer to the holding company, we believe that the holding company’s ongoing cash needs will continue to be met with a combination of commercial paper as available and a contractual inter-company borrowing facility of up to $1 billion as well as access, if necessary, to $1 billion in bank credit lines, none of which are currently drawn.  However, a further downgrade of our short-term credit ratings by Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s or Fitch may limit our ability to access the commercial paper market and cause us to lean more heavily on our inter-company borrowing facility and to access our bank credit lines.  In the event that current resources do not satisfy our current needs, we may have to seek additional financing, which may not be available or only available with unfavorable terms and conditions.  For a further discussion of liquidity, see “Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Review of Consolidated Financial Condition – Liquidity and Capital Resources” of LNC’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 (as may be updated in subsequent periodic and current reports filed with the SEC and incorporated herein by reference).
 
There can be no assurance that actions of the U.S. Government, Federal Reserve and other governmental and regulatory bodies for the purpose of stabilizing the financial markets will achieve the intended effect.
 
In response to the financial crises affecting the banking system and financial markets and going concern threats to investment banks and other financial institutions, on October 3, 2008, the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (“EESA”) was signed into law and on February 17, 2009, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (“ARRA”) was signed into law. The federal government, Federal Reserve and other governmental and regulatory bodies have taken or are considering taking other actions to address the financial crisis. There can be no assurance as to what impact such actions will have on the financial markets, including the extreme levels of volatility currently being experienced.
 
The difficulties faced by other financial institutions could adversely affect us.
 
We have exposure to many different industries and counterparties, and routinely execute transactions with counterparties in the financial services industry, including brokers and dealers, commercial banks, investment banks and other institutions. Many of these transactions expose us to credit risk in the event of default of our counterparty. In addition, with respect to secured transactions, our credit risk may be exacerbated when the collateral held by us cannot be realized upon or is liquidated at prices not sufficient to recover the full amount of the loan or derivative exposure due to it. We also may have exposure to these financial institutions in the form of unsecured debt instruments, derivative transactions and/or equity investments. There can be no assurance that any such losses or impairments to the carrying value of these assets would not materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
 
Furthermore, we distribute a significant amount of our insurance, annuity and mutual fund products through large financial institutions. We believe that the mergers of several of these entities, as well as the negative impact of the markets on these entities, has disrupted and may lead to further disruption of their businesses, which may have a negative effect on our production levels.
 
 
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Our participation in a securities lending program and a reverse repurchase program subjects us to potential liquidity and other risks.
 
We participate in a securities lending program for our general account whereby fixed income securities are loaned by our agent bank to third parties, primarily major brokerage firms and commercial banks. The borrowers of our securities provide us with collateral, typically in cash, which we separately maintain. We invest such cash collateral in other securities, primarily in commercial paper and money market or other short term funds. Securities with a cost or amortized cost of $430 million and a fair value of $410 million were on loan under the program as of December 31, 2008. Securities loaned under such transactions may be sold or repledged by the transferee. We were liable for cash collateral under our control of $427 million as of December 31, 2008.
 
We participate in a reverse repurchase program for our general account whereby we sell fixed income securities to third parties, primarily major brokerage firms, with a concurrent agreement to repurchase those same securities at a determined future date. The borrowers of our securities provide us with cash collateral which is typically invested in fixed maturity securities. The fair value of securities pledged under reverse repurchase agreements was $496 million as of December 31, 2008.
 
As of December 31, 2008, substantially all of the securities on loan under the program could be returned to us by the borrowers at any time. Collateral received under the reverse repurchase program cannot be returned prior to maturity, however, market conditions on the repurchase date may limit our ability to enter into new agreements. The return of loaned securities or our inability to enter into new reverse repurchase agreements would require us to return the cash collateral associated with such securities. In addition, in some cases, the maturity of the securities held as invested collateral (i.e. securities that we have purchased with cash received from the third parties) may exceed the term of the related securities and the market value may fall below the amount of cash received as collateral and invested. If we are required to return significant amounts of cash collateral on short notice and we are forced to sell securities to meet the return obligation, we may have difficulty selling such collateral that is invested in securities in a timely manner, we may be forced to sell securities in a volatile or illiquid market for less than we otherwise would have been able to realize under normal market conditions, or both. In addition, under stressful capital market and economic conditions, such as those conditions we have experienced recently, liquidity broadly deteriorates, which may further restrict our ability to sell securities.
 
Our reserves for future policy benefits and claims related to our current and future business as well as businesses we may acquire in the future may prove to be inadequate.
 
We establish and carry, as a liability, reserves based on estimates of how much we will need to pay for future benefits and claims. For our life insurance and annuity products, we calculate these reserves based on many assumptions and estimates, including estimated premiums we will receive over the assumed life of the policy, the timing of the event covered by the insurance policy, the lapse rate of the policies, the amount of benefits or claims to be paid and the investment returns on the assets we purchase with the premiums we receive. The assumptions and estimates we use in connection with establishing and carrying our reserves are inherently uncertain. In addition, the sensitivity of our statutory reserves and surplus established for our variable annuity base contracts and riders to changes in the equity markets will vary depending on the magnitude of the decline. The sensitivity will be affected by the level of account values relative to the level of guaranteed amounts, product design and reinsurance. Statutory reserves for variable annuities depend upon the cumulative equity market impacts on the business in force, and therefore, result in non-linear relationships with respect to the level of equity market performance within any reporting period. Accordingly, we cannot determine with precision the ultimate amount or the timing of the payment of actual benefits and claims or whether the assets supporting the policy liabilities will grow to the level we assume prior to payment of benefits or claims. If our actual experience is different from our assumptions or estimates, our reserves may prove to be inadequate in relation to our estimated future benefits and claims. As a result, we would incur a charge to our earnings in the quarter in which we increase our reserves.
 
Because the equity markets and other factors impact the profitability and expected profitability of many of our products, changes in equity markets and other factors may significantly affect our business and profitability.
 
 
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The fee revenue that we earn on equity-based variable annuities, unit-linked accounts, VUL insurance policies and investment advisory business is based upon account values. Because strong equity markets result in higher account values, strong equity markets positively affect our net income through increased fee revenue. Conversely, a weakening of the equity markets results in lower fee income and may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and capital resources.
 
The increased fee revenue resulting from strong equity markets increases the expected gross profits (“EGPs”) from variable insurance products as do better than expected lapses, mortality rates and expenses. As a result, higher EGPs may result in lower net amortized costs related to DAC, DSI, VOBA, DFEL and changes in future contract benefits. However, a decrease in the equity markets, as well as worse than expected increases in lapses, mortality rates and expenses, depending upon their significance, may result in higher net amortized costs associated with DAC, DSI, VOBA, DFEL and changes in future contract benefits and may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and capital resources.  For example in the fourth quarter of 2008, we reset our baseline of account values from which EPGs are projected.  As a result of this and the impact of the volatile capital market conditions on our annuity reserves, we had a cumulative unfavorable prospective unlocking of $223 million, after tax.
 
Changes in the equity markets, interest rates and/or volatility affect the profitability of our products with guaranteed benefits; therefore, such changes may have a material adverse effect on our business and profitability.
 
Certain of our variable annuity products include guaranteed benefit riders. These include guaranteed death benefit (“GDB”), guaranteed withdrawal benefit (“GWB”) and guaranteed income benefit (“GIB”) riders. Our GWB, GIB and 4LATER® (a form of GIB rider) features have elements of both insurance benefits accounted for under Statement of Position 03-1 (“SOP 03-1”) and embedded derivatives accounted for under SFAS No. 133 “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” and SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements, (“SFAS 157”). The SOP 03-1 component is calculated in a manner consistent with our GDB, as described below. We weight the reserves based on the significance of their features. The amount of reserves related to GDB for variable annuities is tied to the difference between the value of the underlying accounts and the GDB, calculated using a benefit ratio approach. The GDB reserves take into account the present value of total expected GDB payments, the present value of total expected GDB assessments over the life of the contract, claims paid to date and assessments to date. Reserves for our GIB and certain GWB with lifetime benefits are based on a combination of fair value of the underlying benefit and a benefit ratio approach that is based on the projected future payments in excess of projected future account values. The benefit ratio approach takes into account the present value of total expected GIB payments, the present value of total expected GIB assessments over the life of the contract, claims paid to date and assessments to date. The amount of reserves related to those GWB that do not have lifetime benefits is based on the fair value of the underlying benefit.
 
Both the level of expected payments and expected total assessments used in calculating the benefit ratio are affected by the equity markets. The liabilities related to fair value are impacted by changes in equity markets, interest rates and volatility. Accordingly, strong equity markets will decrease the amount of reserves that we must carry, and strong equity markets, increases in interest rates and decreases in volatility will generally decrease the reserves calculated using fair value. Conversely, a decrease in the equity markets will increase the expected future payments used in the benefit ratio approach, which has the effect of increasing the amount of reserves. Also, a decrease in the equity market along with a decrease in interest rates and an increase in volatility will generally result in an increase in the reserves calculated using fair value, which are the conditions we have experienced recently.
 
Increases in reserves would result in a charge to our earnings in the quarter in which the increase occurs. Therefore, we maintain a customized dynamic hedge program that is designed to mitigate the risks associated with income volatility around the change in reserves on guaranteed benefits. However, the hedge positions may not be effective to exactly offset the changes in the carrying value of the guarantees due to, among other things, the time lag between changes in their values and corresponding changes in the hedge positions, high levels of volatility in the equity markets and derivatives markets, extreme swings in interest rates, contract holder behavior different than expected and divergence between the performance of the underlying funds and hedging indices. For example, for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, we experienced a breakage on our guaranteed living benefits net
 
 
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derivatives results of $51 million and $(136) million, pre-DAC, pre-tax. Breakage is defined as the difference between the change in the value of the liabilities, excluding the amount related to the non-performance risk component, and the change in the fair value of the derivatives. The non-performance risk factor is required under SFAS 157, which requires us to consider our own credit standing, which is not hedged, in the valuation of certain of these liabilities. A decrease in our own credit spread could cause the value of these liabilities to increase, resulting in a reduction to net income. Conversely, an increase in our own credit spread could cause the value of these liabilities to decrease, resulting in an increase to net income.
 
In addition, we remain liable for the guaranteed benefits in the event that derivative counterparties are unable or unwilling to pay, and we are also subject to the risk that the cost of hedging these guaranteed benefits increases, resulting in a reduction to net income. These, individually or collectively, may have a material adverse effect on net income, financial condition or liquidity.
 
Changes in interest rates may cause interest rate spreads to decrease and may result in increased contract withdrawals.
 
Because the profitability of our fixed annuity and interest-sensitive whole life, UL and fixed portion of VUL insurance business depends in part on interest rate spreads, interest rate fluctuations could negatively affect our profitability. Changes in interest rates may reduce both our profitability from spread businesses and our return on invested capital. Some of our products, principally fixed annuities, interest-sensitive whole life, UL and the fixed portion of VUL insurance, have interest rate guarantees that expose us to the risk that changes in interest rates will reduce our “spread,” or the difference between the amounts that we are required to pay under the contracts and the amounts we are able to earn on our general account investments intended to support our obligations under the contracts. Declines in our spread or instances where the returns on our general account investments are not enough to support the interest rate guarantees on these products could have a material adverse effect on our businesses or results of operations.
 
In periods of increasing interest rates, we may not be able to replace the assets in our general account with higher yielding assets needed to fund the higher crediting rates necessary to keep our interest-sensitive products competitive. We therefore may have to accept a lower spread and thus lower profitability or face a decline in sales and greater loss of existing contracts and related assets. In periods of declining interest rates, we have to reinvest the cash we receive as interest or return of principal on our investments in lower yielding instruments then available. Moreover, borrowers may prepay fixed-income securities, commercial mortgages and mortgage-backed securities in our general account in order to borrow at lower market rates, which exacerbates this risk. Because we are entitled to reset the interest rates on our fixed rate annuities only at limited, pre-established intervals, and since many of our contracts have guaranteed minimum interest or crediting rates, our spreads could decrease and potentially become negative. Increases in interest rates may cause increased surrenders and withdrawals of insurance products. In periods of increasing interest rates, policy loans and surrenders and withdrawals of life insurance policies and annuity contracts may increase as contract holders seek to buy products with perceived higher returns. This process may lead to a flow of cash out of our businesses. These outflows may require investment assets to be sold at a time when the prices of those assets are lower because of the increase in market interest rates, which may result in realized investment losses. A sudden demand among consumers to change product types or withdraw funds could lead us to sell assets at a loss to meet the demand for funds.

 
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Our requirements to post collateral or make payments related to declines in market value of specified assets may adversely affect our liquidity and expose us to counterparty credit risk.
 
Many of our transactions with financial and other institutions, including settling futures positions, specify the circumstances under which the parties are required to post collateral. The amount of collateral we may be required to post under these agreements may increase under certain circumstances, which could adversely affect our liquidity. In addition, under the terms of some of our transactions, we may be required to make payments to our counterparties related to any decline in the market value of the specified assets.
 
Losses due to defaults by others could reduce our profitability or negatively affect the value of our investments.
 
Third parties that owe us money, securities or other assets may not pay or perform their obligations. These parties include the issuers whose securities we hold, borrowers under the mortgage loans we make, customers, trading counterparties, counterparties under swaps and other derivative contracts, reinsurers and other financial intermediaries. These parties may default on their obligations to us due to bankruptcy, lack of liquidity, downturns in the economy or real estate values, operational failure, corporate governance issues or other reasons. A further downturn in the U.S. and other economies could result in increased impairments.
 
Defaults on our mortgage loans and volatility in performance may adversely affect our profitability.
 
Our mortgage loans face default risk and are principally collateralized by commercial properties. Mortgage loans are stated on our balance sheet at unpaid principal balance, adjusted for any unamortized premium or discount, deferred fees or expenses, and are net of valuation allowances. We establish valuation allowances for estimated impairments as of the balance sheet date based on information, such as the market value of the underlying real estate securing the loan, any third party guarantees on the loan balance or any cross collateral agreements and their impact on expected recovery rates. As of December 31, 2008, no loans were in default for our mortgage loan investments. The performance of our mortgage loan investments, however, may fluctuate in the future. In addition, some of our mortgage loan investments have balloon payment maturities. An increase in the default rate of our mortgage loan investments could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
 
Further, any geographic or sector exposure in our mortgage loans may have adverse effects on our investment portfolios and consequently on our consolidated results of operations or financial condition. While we seek to mitigate this risk by having a broadly diversified portfolio, events or developments that have a negative effect on any particular geographic region or sector may have a greater adverse effect on the investment portfolios to the extent that the portfolios are exposed.
 
Our investments are reflected within our consolidated financial statements utilizing different accounting bases, and, accordingly, we may not have recognized differences, which may be significant, between cost and fair value in our consolidated financial statements.
 
Our principal investments are in fixed maturity and equity securities, mortgage loans on real estate, policy loans, short-term investments, derivative instruments, limited partnerships and other invested assets. The carrying value of such investments is as follows:
 
·  
Fixed maturity and equity securities are classified as available-for-sale, except for those designated as trading securities, and are reported at their estimated fair value. The difference between the estimated fair value and amortized cost of such securities (i.e. unrealized investment gains and losses) are recorded as a separate component of other comprehensive income or loss, net of adjustments to DAC, policyholder related amounts and deferred income taxes;
·  
Fixed maturity and equity securities designated as trading securities, which support certain reinsurance arrangements, are recorded at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value recognized in realized gain (loss). However, offsetting the changes to fair value of the trading securities are corresponding changes in the fair value of the embedded derivative liability associated with the underlying reinsurance arrangement.  In
 
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  other words, the investment results for the trading securities, including gains and losses from sales, are passed directly to the reinsurers through the contractual terms of the reinsurance arrangements;
· 
Short-term investments include investments with remaining maturities of one year or less, but greater than three months, at the time of acquisition and are stated at amortized cost, which approximates fair value;
·  
Mortgage loans are stated at unpaid principal balance, adjusted for any unamortized premium or discount, deferred fees or expenses, net of valuation allowances;
·   
Policy loans are stated at unpaid principal balances;
·  
Real estate joint ventures and other limited partnership interests are carried using the equity method of accounting; and
·  
Other invested assets consist principally of derivatives with positive fair values. Derivatives are carried at fair value with changes in fair value reflected in income from non-qualifying derivatives and derivatives in fair value hedging relationships. Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships are reflected as a separate component of other comprehensive income or loss.
 
Investments not carried at fair value in our consolidated financial statements — principally, mortgage loans, policy loans and real estate — may have fair values which are substantially higher or lower than the carrying value reflected in our consolidated financial statements. In addition, unrealized losses are not reflected in net income unless we realize the losses by either selling the security at below amortized cost or determine that the decline in fair value is deemed to be other-than-temporary (i.e. impaired). Each of such asset classes is regularly evaluated for impairment under the accounting guidance appropriate to the respective asset class.
 
Our valuation of fixed maturity, equity and trading securities may include methodologies, estimations and assumptions which are subject to differing interpretations and could result in changes to investment valuations that may materially adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition.
 
Fixed maturity, equity and trading securities and short-term investments, which are reported at fair value on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, represented the majority of our total cash and invested assets. Pursuant to SFAS 157, we have categorized these securities into a three-level hierarchy, based on the priority of the inputs to the respective valuation technique. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3).
 
The determination of fair values in the absence of quoted market prices is based on: valuation methodologies; securities we deem to be comparable; and assumptions deemed appropriate given the circumstances. The fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on available market information and judgments about financial instruments, including estimates of the timing and amounts of expected future cash flows and the credit standing of the issuer or counterparty. Factors considered in estimating fair value include coupon rate, maturity, estimated duration, call provisions, sinking fund requirements, credit rating, industry sector of the issuer and quoted market prices of comparable securities. The use of different methodologies and assumptions may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.
 
During periods of market disruption, including periods of significantly increasing/decreasing or high/low interest rates, rapidly widening credit spreads or illiquidity, it may be difficult to value certain of our securities, if trading becomes less frequent and/or market data becomes less observable. There may be certain asset classes that were in active markets with significant observable data that become illiquid due to the current financial environment. In such cases, more securities may fall to Level 3 and thus require more subjectivity and management judgment. As such, valuations may include inputs and assumptions that are less observable or require greater estimation, as well as valuation methods which are more sophisticated or require greater estimation, thereby resulting in values which may be less than the value at which the investments may be ultimately sold. Further, rapidly changing and unprecedented credit and equity market conditions could materially impact the valuation of securities as reported within our consolidated financial statements and the period-to-period changes in value could vary significantly. Decreases in value may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.

 
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Some of our investments are relatively illiquid and are in asset classes that have been experiencing significant market valuation fluctuations.
 
We hold certain investments that may lack liquidity, such as privately placed fixed maturity securities, mortgage loans, policy loans and other limited partnership interests. These asset classes represented 25% of the carrying value of our total cash and invested assets as of December 31, 2008. Even some of our very high quality assets have been more illiquid as a result of the recent challenging market conditions.
 
If we require significant amounts of cash on short notice in excess of normal cash requirements or are required to post or return collateral in connection with our investment portfolio, derivatives transactions or securities lending activities, we may have difficulty selling these investments in a timely manner, be forced to sell them for less than we otherwise would have been able to realize, or both.
 
The reported value of our relatively illiquid types of investments, our investments in the asset classes described in the paragraph above and, at times, our high quality, generally liquid asset classes, do not necessarily reflect the lowest current market price for the asset. If we were forced to sell certain of our assets in the current market, there can be no assurance that we would be able to sell them for the prices at which we have recorded them and we might be forced to sell them at significantly lower prices.
 
We invest a portion of our invested assets in investment funds, many of which make private equity investments. The amount and timing of income from such investment funds tends to be uneven as a result of the performance of the underlying investments, including private equity investments. The timing of distributions from the funds, which depends on particular events relating to the underlying investments, as well as the funds’ schedules for making distributions and their needs for cash, can be difficult to predict. As a result, the amount of income that we record from these investments can vary substantially from quarter to quarter. Recent equity and credit market volatility may reduce investment income for these types of investments.
 
In addition, other external factors may cause a drop in value of investments, such as ratings downgrades on asset classes. For example, Congress has proposed legislation to amends the U.S. Bankruptcy Code to permit bankruptcy courts to modify mortgages on primary residences, including an ability to reduce outstanding mortgage balances. Such actions by bankruptcy courts may impact the ratings and valuation of our residential mortgage-backed investment securities.
 
The determination of the amount of allowances and impairments taken on our investments is highly subjective and could materially impact our results of operations or financial position.
 
The determination of the amount of allowances and impairments varies by investment type and is based upon our periodic evaluation and assessment of known and inherent risks associated with the respective asset class. Such evaluations and assessments are revised as conditions change and new information becomes available. Management updates its evaluations regularly and reflects changes in allowances and impairments in operations as such evaluations are revised. There can be no assurance that our management has accurately assessed the level of impairments taken and allowances reflected in our financial statements. Furthermore, additional impairments may need to be taken or allowances provided for in the future. Historical trends may not be indicative of future impairments or allowances.

We adopted FSP FAS No. 115-2 and 124-2, “Recognition and Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary-Impairments” (“FSP FAS 115-2”) for our debt securities effective January 1, 2009.  The adoption of FSP FAS 115-2 required that an OTTI loss be separated into the amount representing the decrease in cash flows expected to be collected (“credit loss”), which is recognized in earnings, and the amount related to all other factors (“noncredit loss”), which is recognized in other comprehensive income (“OCI”).  In addition, FSP 115-2 replaces the requirement for management to assert that it has the intent and ability to hold an impaired security until recovery with the requirement that management assert that it does not have the intent to sell the security and that it is more likely than not that it will not have to sell the security before recovery of its cost basis.
 
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We regularly review our AFS securities for declines in fair value that we determine to be other-than-temporary.  For an equity security, if we do not have the ability and intent to hold the security for a sufficient period of time to allow for a recovery in value, we conclude that an OTTI has occurred, and the amortized cost of the equity security is written down to the current fair value, with a corresponding change to realized gain (loss) on our Consolidated Statements of Income.  When assessing our ability and intent to hold the equity security to recovery, we consider, among other things, the severity and duration of the decline in fair value of the equity security as well as the cause of decline, a fundamental analysis of the liquidity, business prospects and overall financial condition of the issuer.

For a debt security, if we intend to sell a security or it is more likely than not we will be required to sell a debt security before recovery of its amortized cost basis and the fair value of the debt security is below amortized cost, we conclude than an OTTI has occurred and the amortized cost is written down to current fair value, with a corresponding charge to realized gain (loss) on our Consolidated Statements of Income.  If we do not intend to sell a debt security or it is not more likely than not we will be required to sell a debt security before recovery of its amortized cost basis but the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost of the debt security (referred to as the credit loss), we conclude that an OTTI has occurred and the amortized cost is written down to the estimated recovery value with a corresponding charge to realized gain (loss) on our Consolidated Statements of Income, as this is also deemed the credit portion of the OTTI.  The remainder of the decline to fair value is recorded to OCI to unrealized OTTI loss on AFS securities on our Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, as this is considered a noncredit (i.e., recoverable) impairment.

Related to our unrealized losses, we establish deferred tax assets for the tax benefit we may receive in the event that losses are realized.  The realization of significant realized losses could result in an inability to recover the tax benefits and may result in the establishment of valuation allowances against our deferred tax assets. Realized losses or impairments may have a material adverse impact on our results of operation and financial position.
 
We will be required to pay interest on our capital securities with proceeds from the issuance of qualifying securities if we fail to achieve capital adequacy or net income and stockholders’ equity levels.
 
We have approximately $1.5 billion in principal amount of capital securities outstanding. All of the capital securities contain covenants that require us to make interest payments in accordance with an alternative coupon satisfaction mechanism (“ACSM”) if we determine that one of the following triggers exists as of the 30 th day prior to an interest payment date (“determination date”):

 
1.
LNL’s RBC ratio is less than 175% (based on the most recent annual financial statement filed with the State of Indiana); or
 
2.
(i) The sum of our consolidated net income for the four trailing fiscal quarters ending on the quarter that is two quarters prior to the most recently completed quarter prior to the determination date is zero or negative, and (ii) our consolidated stockholders’ equity (excluding accumulated other comprehensive income and any increase in stockholders’ equity resulting from the issuance of preferred stock during a quarter) (“adjusted stockholders’ equity”) as of (x) the most recently completed quarter and (y) the end of the quarter that is two quarters before the most recently completed quarter, has declined by 10% or more as compared to the quarter that is ten fiscal quarters prior to the last completed quarter (the “benchmark quarter”).
 
The ACSM would generally require us to use commercially reasonable efforts to satisfy our obligation to pay interest in full on the capital securities with the net proceeds from sales of our common stock and warrants to purchase our common stock with an exercise price greater than the market price. We would have to utilize the ACSM until the trigger events above no longer existed, and, in the case of test 2 above, our adjusted stockholders’ equity amount has increased or has declined by less than 10% as compared to the adjusted stockholders’ equity at the end of the benchmark quarter for each interest payment date as to which interest payment restrictions were imposed by test 2 above.
 
 
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As a result of our consolidated net loss of $579 million for the three months ended March 31, 2009, we had a trailing four quarter consolidated net loss of $811 million.  Accordingly, we have triggered test 2(i) looking forward to the quarter ending September 30, 2009.  Also, looking forward to the quarter ending September 30, 2009, we have triggered test 2(ii)(y) above as our adjusted shareholders’ equity as of March 31, 2009, as compared to the benchmark quarter (March 31, 2007) has declined by 10% or more.  If our adjusted shareholders’ equity as of September 30, 2009, increases by less than $29 million or further declines, then we would also trigger test 2(ii)(x) above, which would trigger the ACSM for at least our interest payments due on November 17, 2009, and January 20, 2010, of approximately $33 million.
 
If we were required to utilize the ACSM and were successful in selling sufficient common shares or warrants to satisfy the interest payment, we would dilute the current holders of our common stock. Furthermore, while a trigger event is occurring and if we do not pay accrued interest in full, we may not, among other things, pay dividends on or repurchase our capital stock. Our failure to pay interest pursuant to the ACSM will not result in an event of default with respect to the capital securities, nor will a nonpayment of interest, unless it lasts for ten consecutive years, although such breaches may result in monetary damages to the holders of the capital securities.
 
The calculations of RBC, net income (loss) and adjusted stockholders’ equity are subject to adjustments and the capital securities are subject to additional terms and conditions as further described in supplemental indentures filed as exhibits to our Forms 8-K filed on March 13, 2007, May 17, 2006, and April 20, 2006.

A decrease in the capital and surplus of our insurance subsidiaries may result in a downgrade to our credit and insurer financial strength ratings.
 
In any particular year, statutory surplus amounts and RBC ratios may increase or decrease depending on a variety of factors — the amount of statutory income or losses generated by our insurance subsidiaries (which itself is sensitive to equity market and credit market conditions), the amount of additional capital our insurance subsidiaries must hold to support business growth, changes in reserving requirements, such as VACARVM and principles based reserving, our inability to secure capital market solutions to provide reserve relief, such as issuing letters of credit to support captive reinsurance structures, changes in equity market levels, the value of certain fixed-income and equity securities in our investment portfolio, the value of certain derivative instruments that do not get hedge accounting, changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates, as well as changes to the NAIC RBC formulas. The RBC ratio is also affected by the product mix of the in-force book of business (i.e. the amount of business without guarantees is not subject to the same level of reserves as the business with guarantees). Most of these factors are outside of our control. Our credit and insurer financial strength ratings are significantly influenced by the statutory surplus amounts and RBC ratios of our insurance company subsidiaries. The RBC ratio of LNL is an important factor in the determination of the credit and financial strength ratings of LNC and its subsidiaries. In addition, rating agencies may implement changes to their internal models that have the effect of increasing or decreasing the amount of statutory capital we must hold in order to maintain our current ratings. In addition, in extreme scenarios of equity market declines, the amount of additional statutory reserves that we are required to hold for our variable annuity guarantees may increase at a rate greater than the rate of change of the markets. Increases in reserves reduce the statutory surplus used in calculating our RBC ratios. To the extent that our statutory capital resources are deemed to be insufficient to maintain a particular rating by one or more rating agencies, we may seek to raise additional capital through public or private equity or debt financing, which may be on terms not as favorable as in the past. Alternatively, if we were not to raise additional capital in such a scenario, either at our discretion or because we were unable to do so, our financial strength and credit ratings might be downgraded by one or more rating agencies. For more information on risks regarding our ratings, see “A downgrade in our financial strength or credit ratings could limit our ability to market products, increase the number or value of policies being surrendered and/or hurt our relationships with creditors” below.
 
A downgrade in our financial strength or credit ratings could limit our ability to market products, increase the number or value of policies being surrendered and/or hurt our relationships with creditors.
 
Nationally recognized rating agencies rate the financial strength of our principal insurance subsidiaries and rate our debt. Ratings are not recommendations to buy our securities. Each of the rating agencies reviews its ratings
 
 
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periodically, and our current ratings may not be maintained in the future. In late September and early October of 2008, A.M. Best, Fitch, Moody’s and S&P each revised their outlook for the U.S. life insurance sector from stable to negative.  We believe that the rating agencies may heighten the level of scrutiny that they apply to such institutions, may increase the frequency and scope of their credit reviews, may request additional information from the companies that they rate and may adjust upward the capital and other requirements employed in the rating agency models for maintenance of certain ratings levels. In addition, actions we take to access third-party financing may in turn cause rating agencies to reevaluate our ratings.
 
Our financial strength ratings, which are intended to measure our ability to meet contract holder obligations, are an important factor affecting public confidence in most of our products and, as a result, our competitiveness. A downgrade of the financial strength rating of one of our principal insurance subsidiaries could affect our competitive position in the insurance industry by making it more difficult for us to market our products as potential customers may select companies with higher financial strength ratings and by leading to increased withdrawals by current customers seeking companies with higher financial strength ratings.
 
This could lead to a decrease in fees as net outflows of assets increase, and therefore, result in lower fee income. Furthermore, sales of assets to meet customer withdrawal demands could also result in losses, depending on market conditions. The interest rates we pay on our borrowings are largely dependent on our credit ratings. The recent downgrades and future downgrades of our debt ratings could affect our ability to raise additional debt, including bank lines of credit, with terms and conditions similar to our current debt, and accordingly, likely increase our cost of capital. In addition, the recent downgrades and future downgrades of these ratings could make it more difficult to raise capital to refinance any maturing debt obligations, to support business growth at our insurance subsidiaries and to maintain or improve the current financial strength ratings of our principal insurance subsidiaries. Additional future downgrades of one or more of our ratings have become more likely as several of the ratings agencies have negative outlooks on our credit and insurer financial strength ratings.  Please see “Item 1. Business – Ratings” in LNC’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 (as may be updated in subsequent periodic and current reports filed with the SEC and incorporated herein by reference) for a complete description of our ratings and ratings outlook.  Since the filing of our 10-K, Moody’s, on April 15, 2009 downgraded our long-term credit rating to Baa2 (9th of 21) and also downgraded the financial strength ratings of LNL, Lincoln Life and Annuity Company of New York (“LLANY”) and First Penn-Pacific Life Insurance Company (“FPP”) to A2/A2/A2 (6th of 21), respectively.  All ratings are currently under review for possible downgrade, which indicates that our ratings could be affirmed or lowered in the near term based on developments in financial market conditions and/or our business performance or financial measures.  On April 16, 2009, Fitch downgraded our short-term debt ratings to F-2 (3rd of 7) and our long-term debt ratings to BBB (9th of 21) and also downgraded the financial strength ratings of LNL, LLANY and FPP to A+/A+/A+ (5th of 21), respectively.  Fitch’s outlook on all of our ratings remained negative.  In addition, on May 6, 2009, Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) revised its outlook for the holding company and insurance subsidiaries to negative from stable and affirmed all ratings.
 
As a result of S&Pֹs downgrade of LNC’s short-term credit rating to A-2, we are not currently eligible to issue new commerical paper under the Federal Reserve’s Commercial Paper Funding Facility (“CPFF”), which we believe will make it more expensive to sell additional commercial paper, and it may make it more likely that we will have to utilize other sources of liquidity, including our credit facilities, for liquidity purposes. Prior to the downgrade, we were eligible to sell up to a maximum of $575 million to the CPFF.

 
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Certain blocks of our insurance business purchased from third-party insurers under indemnity reinsurance agreements may require us to place assets in trust, secure letters of credit or return the business, if the financial strength ratings and/or capital ratios of certain insurance subsidiaries are not maintained at specified levels.
 
Under certain indemnity reinsurance agreements, one of our insurance subsidiaries, LLANY, provides 100% indemnity reinsurance for the business assumed, however, the third-party insurer (the “cedent”) remains primarily liable on the underlying insurance business. Under these types of agreements, at December 31, 2008, we held statutory reserves of approximately $3.5 billion. These indemnity reinsurance arrangements require that our subsidiary, as the reinsurer, maintain certain insurer financial strength ratings and capital ratios. If these ratings or capital ratios are not maintained, depending upon the reinsurance agreement, the cedent may recapture the business, or require us to place assets in trust or provide letters of credit at least equal to the relevant statutory reserves. Under the largest indemnity reinsurance arrangement, we held approximately $2.4 billion of statutory reserves at December 31, 2008. LLANY must maintain an A.M. Best financial strength rating of at least B+, an S&P financial strength rating of at least BB+ and a Moody’s financial strength rating of at least Ba1, as well as maintain a RBC ratio of at least 160% or an S&P capital adequacy ratio of 100%, or the cedent may recapture the business. Under two other arrangements, by which we established approximately $1 billion of statutory reserves, LLANY must maintain an A.M. Best financial strength rating of at least B++, an S&P financial strength rating of at least BBB- and a Moody’s financial strength rating of at least Baa3. One of these arrangements also requires LLANY to maintain an RBC ratio of at least 185% or an S&P capital adequacy ratio of 115%. Each of these arrangements may require LLANY to place assets in trust equal to the relevant statutory reserves. As of December 31, 2008, LLANY’s RBC ratio exceeded 500%.  Please see “Item 1.Business – Ratings” in LNC’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 (as may be updated in subsequent periodic and current reports filed with the SEC and incorporated herein by reference) for a complete description of our ratings and ratings outlook.
 
If the cedent recaptured the business, LLANY would be required to release reserves and transfer assets to the cedent. Such a recapture could adversely impact our future profits. Alternatively, if LLANY established a security trust for the cedent, the ability to transfer assets out of the trust could be severely restricted, thus negatively impacting our liquidity.
 
Our businesses are heavily regulated and changes in regulation may reduce our profitability.
 
Our insurance subsidiaries are subject to extensive supervision and regulation in the states in which we do business. The supervision and regulation relate to numerous aspects of our business and financial condition. The primary purpose of the supervision and regulation is the protection of our insurance contract holders, and not our investors. The extent of regulation varies, but generally is governed by state statutes. These statutes delegate regulatory, supervisory and administrative authority to state insurance departments. This system of supervision and regulation covers, among other things:

·  
Standards of minimum capital requirements and solvency, including RBC measurements;
·  
Restrictions of certain transactions between our insurance subsidiaries and their affiliates;
·  
Restrictions on the nature, quality and concentration of investments;
·  
Restrictions on the types of terms and conditions that we can include in the insurance policies offered by our primary insurance operations;
·  
Limitations on the amount of dividends that insurance subsidiaries can pay;
·  
The existence and licensing status of the company under circumstances where it is not writing new or renewal business;
·  
Certain required methods of accounting;
·  
Reserves for unearned premiums, losses and other purposes; and
·  
Assignment of residual market business and potential assessments for the provision of funds necessary for the settlement of covered claims under certain policies provided by impaired, insolvent or failed insurance companies.
 
 
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We may be unable to maintain all required licenses and approvals and our business may not fully comply with the wide variety of applicable laws and regulations or the relevant authority’s interpretation of the laws and regulations, which may change from time to time. Also, regulatory authorities have relatively broad discretion to grant, renew or revoke licenses and approvals. If we do not have the requisite licenses and approvals or do not comply with applicable regulatory requirements, the insurance regulatory authorities could preclude or temporarily suspend us from carrying on some or all of our activities or impose substantial fines. Further, insurance regulatory authorities have relatively broad discretion to issue orders of supervision, which permit such authorities to supervise the business and operations of an insurance company. As of December 31, 2008, no state insurance regulatory authority had imposed on us any substantial fines or revoked or suspended any of our licenses to conduct insurance business in any state or issued an order of supervision with respect to our insurance subsidiaries, which would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.
 
In addition, Lincoln Financial Network and Lincoln Financial Distributors, as well as our variable annuities and variable life insurance products, are subject to regulation and supervision by the SEC and the Financial Industry Regulation Authority (“FINRA”). Our Investment Management segment is subject to regulation and supervision by the SEC, the FINRA, the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board, the Pennsylvania Department of Banking and jurisdictions of the states, territories and foreign countries in which they are licensed to do business. Lincoln UK is subject to regulation by the FSA in the U.K. LNC, as a savings and loan holding company and Newton County Loan and Savings, FSB, are subject to regulation and supervision by the Office of Thrift Supervision. These laws and regulations generally grant supervisory agencies and self-regulatory organizations broad administrative powers, including the power to limit or restrict the subsidiaries from carrying on their businesses in the event that they fail to comply with such laws and regulations. Finally, our radio operations require a license, subject to periodic renewal, from the Federal Communications Commission to operate. While management considers the likelihood of a failure to renew remote, any station that fails to receive renewal would be forced to cease operations.
 
Many of the foregoing regulatory or governmental bodies have the authority to review our products and business practices and those of our agents and employees. In recent years, there has been increased scrutiny of our businesses by these bodies, which has included more extensive examinations, regular “sweep” inquiries and more detailed review of disclosure documents. These regulatory or governmental bodies may bring regulatory or other legal actions against us if, in their view, our practices, or those of our agents or employees, are improper. These actions can result in substantial fines, penalties or prohibitions or restrictions on our business activities and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
 
Attempts to mitigate the impact of Regulation XXX and Actuarial Guideline 38 may fail in whole or in part resulting in an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
 
The Model Regulation entitled “Valuation of Life Insurance Policies,” commonly known as “Regulation XXX” or “XXX,” requires insurers to establish additional statutory reserves for term life insurance policies with long-term premium guarantees and UL policies with secondary guarantees. In addition, Actuarial Guideline 38 (“AG38”) clarifies the application of XXX with respect to certain UL insurance policies with secondary guarantees. Virtually all of our newly issued term and the great majority of our newly issued UL insurance products are now affected by XXX and AG38.
 
As a result of this regulation, we have established higher statutory reserves for term and UL insurance products and changed our premium rates for term life insurance products. We also have implemented reinsurance and capital management actions to mitigate the capital impact of XXX and AG38, including the use of letters of credit to support the reinsurance provided by a captive reinsurance subsidiary. However, we cannot provide assurance that there will not be regulatory, rating agency or other challenges to the actions we have taken to date. The result of those potential challenges could require us to increase statutory reserves or incur higher operating and/or tax costs. Any change to or repeal of XXX or AG38 could reduce the competitive advantage of our reinsurance and capital management actions and could adversely affect our market position in the life insurance market. In addition, as a result of current capital market conditions and disruption in the credit markets, our ability to secure additional letters of credit or to secure them at current costs may impact the profitability of term and UL insurance products.  Please see “Part II - Item 7. Managements Discussion & Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations –
 
 
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Liquidity and Capital Resources – Sources of Liquidity and Cash Flow – Subsidiaries” in LNC’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 (as may be updated in subsequent periodic and current reports filed with the SEC and incorporated herein by reference) for a further discussion of our capital management in connection with XXX.
 
In light of the current downturn in the credit markets and the increased spreads on asset-backed debt securities, we also cannot provide assurance that we will be able to continue to implement actions to mitigate the impact of XXX or AG38 on future sales of term and UL insurance products. If we are unable to continue to implement those actions, we may be required to increase statutory reserves, incur higher operating costs and lower returns on products sold than we currently anticipate or reduce our sales of these products. We also may have to implement measures that may be disruptive to our business. For example, because term and UL insurance are particularly price-sensitive products, any increase in premiums charged on these products in order to compensate us for the increased statutory reserve requirements or higher costs of reinsurance may result in a significant loss of volume and adversely affect our life insurance operations.
 
A drop in the rankings of the mutual funds that we manage, as well as a loss of key portfolio managers, could result in lower advisory fees.
 
While mutual funds are not rated, per se, many industry periodicals and services, such as Lipper, provide rankings of mutual fund performance. These rankings often have an impact on the decisions of customers regarding which mutual funds to invest in. If the rankings of the mutual funds for which we provide advisory services decrease materially, the funds’ assets may decrease as customers leave for funds with higher performance rankings. Similarly, a loss of our key portfolio managers who manage mutual fund investments could result in poorer fund performance, as well as customers leaving these mutual funds for new mutual funds managed by the portfolio managers. Any loss of fund assets would decrease the advisory fees that we earn from such mutual funds, which are generally tied to the amount of fund assets and performance. This would have an adverse effect on our results of operations.
 
Changes in accounting standards issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board or other standard-setting bodies may adversely affect our financial statements.
 
Our financial statements are subject to the application of GAAP, which is periodically revised and/or expanded. Accordingly, from time to time we are required to adopt new or revised accounting standards or guidance issued by recognized authoritative bodies, including the Financial Accounting Standards Board. It is possible that future accounting standards we are required to adopt could change the current accounting treatment that we apply to our consolidated financial statements and that such changes could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
 
Legal and regulatory actions are inherent in our businesses and could result in financial losses or harm our businesses.
 
We are, and in the future may be, subject to legal actions in the ordinary course of our insurance and investment management operations, both domestically and internationally. Pending legal actions include proceedings relating to aspects of our businesses and operations that are specific to us and proceedings that are typical of the businesses in which we operate. Some of these proceedings have been brought on behalf of various alleged classes of complainants. In certain of these matters, the plaintiffs are seeking large and/or indeterminate amounts, including punitive or exemplary damages. Substantial legal liability in these or future legal or regulatory actions could have a material financial effect or cause significant harm to our reputation, which in turn could materially harm our business prospects.  For more information on pending material legal proceedings, please see Note 14 of the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of LNC’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 (as may be updated in subsequent periodic and current reports filed with the SEC and incorporated herein by reference) for a description of our reportable litigation.

 
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Changes in U.S. federal income tax law could increase our tax costs.
 
Changes to the Internal Revenue Code, administrative rulings or court decisions could increase our effective tax rate and lower our net income. In this regard, on August 16, 2007, the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) issued a revenue ruling which purports, among other things, to modify the calculation of separate account deduction for dividends received by life insurance companies. Subsequently, the IRS issued another revenue ruling that suspended the August 16, 2007, ruling and announced a new regulation project on the issue. Our income tax provision for the year ended December 31, 2008, included a separate account dividend received deduction benefit of $81.6 million.
 
Our risk management policies and procedures may leave us exposed to unidentified or unanticipated risk, which could negatively affect our businesses or result in losses.
 
We have devoted significant resources to develop our risk management policies and procedures and expect to continue to do so in the future. Nonetheless, our policies and procedures to identify, monitor and manage risks may not be fully effective. Many of our methods of managing risk and exposures are based upon our use of observed historical market behavior or statistics based on historical models. As a result, these methods may not predict future exposures, which could be significantly greater than the historical measures indicate, such as the risk of pandemics causing a large number of deaths. Other risk management methods depend upon the evaluation of information regarding markets, clients, catastrophe occurrence or other matters that is publicly available or otherwise accessible to us, which may not always be accurate, complete, up-to-date or properly evaluated. Management of operational, legal and regulatory risks requires, among other things, policies and procedures to record properly and verify a large number of transactions and events, and these policies and procedures may not be fully effective.
 
We face a risk of non-collectibility of reinsurance, which could materially affect our results of operations.
 
We follow the insurance practice of reinsuring with other insurance and reinsurance companies a portion of the risks under the policies written by our insurance subsidiaries (known as ceding). As of December 31, 2008, we have ceded approximately $347 billion of life insurance in force to reinsurers for reinsurance protection. Although reinsurance does not discharge our subsidiaries from their primary obligation to pay contract holders for losses insured under the policies we issue, reinsurance does make the assuming reinsurer liable to the insurance subsidiaries for the reinsured portion of the risk. As of December 31, 2008, we had $8.5 billion of reinsurance receivables from reinsurers for paid and unpaid losses, for which they are obligated to reimburse us under our reinsurance contracts. Of this amount, $4.5 billion relates to the sale of our reinsurance business to Swiss Re in 2001 through an indemnity reinsurance agreement. Swiss Re has funded a trust to support this business. The balance in the trust changes as a result of ongoing reinsurance activity and was $1.9 billion as of December 31, 2008. In addition, should Swiss Re’s financial strength ratings drop below either S&P AA- or A.M. Best A, or their NAIC RBC ratio fall below 250%, assets equal to the reserves supporting business reinsured must be placed into a trust according to pre-established asset quality guidelines. Furthermore, approximately $2.0 billion of the Swiss Re treaties are funds withheld structures where we have a right of offset on assets backing the reinsurance receivables.
 
The balance of the reinsurance is due from a diverse group of reinsurers. The collectibility of reinsurance is largely a function of the solvency of the individual reinsurers. We perform annual credit reviews on our reinsurers, focusing on, among other things, financial capacity, stability, trends and commitment to the reinsurance business. We also require assets in trust, letters of credit or other acceptable collateral to support balances due from reinsurers not authorized to transact business in the applicable jurisdictions. Despite these measures, a reinsurer’s insolvency, inability or unwillingness to make payments under the terms of a reinsurance contract, especially Swiss Re, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
 
Significant adverse mortality experience may result in the loss of, or higher prices for, reinsurance.
 
We reinsure a significant amount of the mortality risk on fully underwritten, newly issued, individual life insurance contracts. We regularly review retention limits for continued appropriateness and they may be changed in the future. If we were to experience adverse mortality or morbidity experience, a significant portion of that would be reimbursed by our reinsurers. Prolonged or severe adverse mortality or morbidity experience could result in
 
 
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increased reinsurance costs, and ultimately, reinsurers not willing to offer coverage. If we are unable to maintain our current level of reinsurance or purchase new reinsurance protection in amounts that we consider sufficient, we would either have to be willing to accept an increase in our net exposures or revise our pricing to reflect higher reinsurance premiums. If this were to occur, we may be exposed to reduced profitability and cash flow strain or we may not be able to price new business at competitive rates.
 
Catastrophes may adversely impact liabilities for contract holder claims and the availability of reinsurance.
 
Our insurance operations are exposed to the risk of catastrophic mortality, such as a pandemic, an act of terrorism or other event that causes a large number of deaths or injuries. Significant influenza pandemics have occurred three times in the last century, but the likelihood, timing or severity of a future pandemic cannot be predicted. In our group insurance operations, a localized event that affects the workplace of one or more of our group insurance customers could cause a significant loss due to mortality or morbidity claims. These events could cause a material adverse effect on our results of operations in any period and, depending on their severity, could also materially and adversely affect our financial condition.
 
The extent of losses from a catastrophe is a function of both the total amount of insured exposure in the area affected by the event and the severity of the event. Pandemics, hurricanes, earthquakes and man-made catastrophes, including terrorism, may produce significant damage in larger areas, especially those that are heavily populated. Claims resulting from natural or man-made catastrophic events could cause substantial volatility in our financial results for any fiscal quarter or year and could materially reduce our profitability or harm our financial condition. Also, catastrophic events could harm the financial condition of our reinsurers and thereby increase the probability of default on reinsurance recoveries. Accordingly, our ability to write new business could also be affected.
 
Consistent with industry practice and accounting standards, we establish liabilities for claims arising from a catastrophe only after assessing the probable losses arising from the event. We cannot be certain that the liabilities we have established or applicable reinsurance will be adequate to cover actual claim liabilities, and a catastrophic event or multiple catastrophic events could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
 
We may be unable to attract and retain sales representatives and other employees and independent contractors, particularly financial advisors.
 
We compete to attract and retain financial advisors, wholesalers, portfolio managers and other employees and independent contractors, as well as independent distributors of our products. Intense competition exists for persons and independent distributors with demonstrated ability. We compete with other financial institutions primarily on the basis of our products, compensation, support services and financial position. Sales in our businesses and our results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected if we are unsuccessful in attracting and retaining financial advisors, wholesalers, portfolio managers and other employees, as well as independent distributors of our products.
 
Our sales representatives are not captive and may sell products of our competitors.
 
We sell our annuity and life insurance products through independent sales representatives. These representatives are not captive, which means they may also sell our competitors’ products. If our competitors offer products that are more attractive than ours, or pay higher commission rates to the sales representatives than we do, these representatives may concentrate their efforts in selling our competitors’ products instead of ours.
 
We may not be able to protect our intellectual property and may be subject to infringement claims.
 
We rely on a combination of contractual rights and copyright, trademark, patent and trade secret laws to establish and protect our intellectual property. Although we use a broad range of measures to protect our intellectual property rights, third parties may infringe or misappropriate our intellectual property. We may have to litigate to enforce and protect our copyrights, trademarks, patents, trade secrets and know-how or to determine their scope, validity or enforceability, which represents a diversion of resources that may be significant in amount and may not prove
 
 
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successful. The loss of intellectual property protection or the inability to secure or enforce the protection of our intellectual property assets could have a material adverse effect on our business and our ability to compete.
 
We also may be subject to costly litigation in the event that another party alleges our operations or activities infringe upon another party’s intellectual property rights. Third parties may have, or may eventually be issued, patents that could be infringed by our products, methods, processes or services. Any party that holds such a patent could make a claim of infringement against us. We may also be subject to claims by third parties for breach of copyright, trademark, trade secret or license usage rights. Any such claims and any resulting litigation could result in significant liability for damages. If we were found to have infringed a third-party patent or other intellectual property rights, we could incur substantial liability, and in some circumstances could be enjoined from providing certain products or services to our customers or utilizing and benefiting from certain methods, processes, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets or licenses, or alternatively could be required to enter into costly licensing arrangements with third parties, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
 
Intense competition could negatively affect our ability to maintain or increase our profitability.
 
Our businesses are intensely competitive. We compete based on a number of factors, including name recognition, service, the quality of investment advice, investment performance, product features, price, perceived financial strength and claims-paying and credit ratings. Our competitors include insurers, broker-dealers, financial advisors, asset managers and other financial institutions. A number of our business units face competitors that have greater market share, offer a broader range of products or have higher financial strength or credit ratings than we do.
 
In recent years, there has been substantial consolidation and convergence among companies in the financial services industry resulting in increased competition from large, well-capitalized financial services firms. Many of these firms also have been able to increase their distribution systems through mergers or contractual arrangements. Furthermore, larger competitors may have lower operating costs and an ability to absorb greater risk while maintaining their financial strength ratings, thereby allowing them to price their products more competitively. We expect consolidation to continue and perhaps accelerate in the future, thereby increasing competitive pressure on us.
 
Anti-takeover provisions could delay, deter or prevent our change in control, even if the change in control would be beneficial to LNC shareholders.
 
We are an Indiana corporation subject to Indiana state law. Certain provisions of Indiana law could interfere with or restrict takeover bids or other change in control events affecting us. Also, provisions in our articles of incorporation, bylaws and other agreements to which we are a party could delay, deter or prevent our change in control, even if a change in control would be beneficial to shareholders. In addition, under Indiana law, directors may, in considering the best interests of a corporation, consider the effects of any action on stockholders, employees, suppliers and customers of the corporation and the communities in which offices and other facilities are located, and other factors the directors consider pertinent. One statutory provision prohibits, except under specified circumstances, LNC from engaging in any business combination with any shareholder who owns 10% or more of our common stock (which shareholder, under the statute, would be considered an “interested shareholder”) for a period of five years following the time that such shareholder became an interested shareholder, unless such business combination is approved by the board of directors prior to such person becoming an interested shareholder. In addition, our articles of incorporation contain a provision requiring holders of at least three-fourths of our voting shares then outstanding and entitled to vote at an election of directors, voting together, to approve a transaction with an interested shareholder rather than the simple majority required under Indiana law.

In addition to the anti-takeover provisions of Indiana law, there are other factors that may delay, deter or prevent our change in control. As an insurance holding company, we are regulated as an insurance holding company and are subject to the insurance holding company acts of the states in which our insurance company subsidiaries are domiciled. The insurance holding company acts and regulations restrict the ability of any person to obtain control of an insurance company without prior regulatory approval. Under those statutes and regulations, without such approval (or an exemption), no person may acquire any voting security of a domestic insurance company, or an
 
 
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insurance holding company which controls an insurance company, or merge with such a holding company, if as a result of such transaction such person would “control” the insurance holding company or insurance company. “Control” is generally defined as the direct or indirect power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a person and is presumed to exist if a person directly or indirectly owns or controls 10% or more of the voting securities of another person. Similarly, as a result of its ownership of Newton County Loan & Savings, FSB, LNC is considered to be a savings and loan holding company. Federal banking laws generally provide that no person may acquire control of LNC, and gain indirect control of Newton County Loan & Savings, FSB, without prior regulatory approval. Generally, beneficial ownership of 10% or more of the voting securities of LNC would be presumed to constitute control.
 


SUMMARY OF THE PLAN

The Jefferson-Pilot Corporation Long Term Stock Incentive Plan (the "Plan"), as established and amended by the Jefferson-Pilot Corporation (“JP”) Board of Directors, last was approved by JP’s shareholders on May 3, 1999.

JP merged into an acquisition subsidiary of Lincoln National Corporation (“LNC”) on April 3, 2006. JP stock options were automatically converted into options to purchase LNC Common Stock (the “Common Stock”), with the number of JP shares multiplied by 1.0906 and rounded down to the nearest whole share, and the JP price divided by 1.0906 and rounded up to the sixth decimal place. The other terms and conditions of the options remained unchanged.

Described below are the major features of the Plan. The statements contained in this prospectus concerning the Plan are brief summaries, qualified in their entirety by reference to the terms of the Plan itself. Eligible participants and their beneficiaries may obtain another copy of the Plan upon request by contacting Karen Kanjian at: kfkanjian@lfg.com.

1.       Purpose of the Plan . The purpose of the Plan is to provide further incentive to, and to encourage stock ownership by, any officer, employee, or agent of the former JP or its continuing subsidiaries who is eligible to participate in the Plan (see Paragraph 4 for a definition of “Participants”). The Plan is intended to benefit LNC and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) and its shareholders by continuing to retain and motivate highly qualified Participants after consummation of the merger and by providing increased incentive to such Participants while also helping to align their interests more closely with those of shareholders.

2.     Types of Awards. The terms of the Plan provide for grants of stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) and stock grants (together, “Awards”).

3.     Shares Subject to the Plan; Annual Per-Person Limitations. Under the Plan, the total number of shares of Common Stock reserved and available for delivery to Participants in connection with Awards is 6,147,148.

Any shares subject to an option or other award under the Plan which for any reason expires or is terminated unexercised or unvested as to such shares, any previously acquired Common Stock that is tendered as payment for an option being exercised and any shares withheld for taxes is available for further use under the Plan, to the extent not restricted by Rule 16b-3. With respect to stock settled SARs, the full issuance of shares necessary to settle such Awards will count against shares available under the Plan.

In addition, the Plan imposes individual limitations on the amount of certain Awards in order to comply with Section 162(m) of the Code. Under these limitations, during any calendar year the number of shares covered by options granted to any one individual shall not exceed 750,000, subject to adjustment in certain circumstances. The total aggregate value of LTIP payout to a Participant during any calendar year shall not exceed $800,000.

 
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No stock option, SAR or stock grant may be granted to any Participant who, immediately after the time of the Award, owns 10 percent or more of the Common Stock of JP or one of its subsidiaries. For this purpose, all outstanding options and SARs to a Participant shall be considered stock owned by such individual.

Restricted and unrestricted stock grants shall be limited to 10% of the total shares reserved for the Plan, subject to certain adjustments.

In the event of any change in the outstanding shares of the Common Stock by reason of any stock split, stock dividend, reorganization, recapitalization, merger, consolidation, combination or exchange of shares, the sale, lease or conveyance of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, or other relevant corporate change, such equitable adjustments shall be made in the Plan, in the number of shares reserved for the Plan and in the awards hereunder including the exercise price and number of shares under outstanding options, as the Committee determines are necessary or appropriate. Adjustments for stock splits and stock dividends shall be automatic.

Except as described under “Restricted Stock” below, the Plan does not impose any restriction on the resale of shares of our Common Stock acquired pursuant to an Award under the Plan. However, any of our “affiliates” (defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”) to include persons who directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, control, or are controlled by, or are under common control with, us) may not use this Prospectus to offer and sell shares of Common Stock they acquire under the Plan. They may, however, sell such shares:

(1)  
pursuant to an effective registration statement under the 1933 Act;

(2)  
in compliance with Rule 144 under the 1933 Act; or

(3)  
in a transaction otherwise exempt from the registration requirements of that 1933 Act.

Each Participant who is the beneficial owner of at least 10% of the outstanding shares of our Common Stock and each Participant who is one of our directors or policy-making officers may be subject to Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”), which requires such persons to disgorge to us any “profits” resulting from a certain non-exempt sales and purchases (or purchases and sales) of shares of the Common Stock within a six-month period. For such Participants, sales of shares of Common Stock occurring within six months of the grant of an option, SAR or stock grant may result in such Section 16(b) liability, unless one or both of those transactions are exempt, as described below in more detail.

Pursuant to Rule 16b-3 of the 1934 Act, provided the Committee (as defined in Paragraph 5 below) that administers the Plan consists solely of at least two “Non-Employee Directors” (as defined in rules promulgated under Section 16), the grant of an option, SAR or stock grant to an individual subject to Section 16(b) will not be deemed, for purposes of Section 16(b), to be a purchase of the shares that underlie the option or other Award for purposes of determining whether the Participant is liable to the us for any profits derived from the purchase and sale of Common Stock.

In addition, if at least six months have elapsed between the award of an option, SAR or stock grant, and the disposition of the underlying Common Stock, no purchase would be deemed to have occurred under Section 16(b) for purposes of determining whether the Participant is liable to us for any profits derived from the purchase and sale of Common Stock.

We intend that the grant of any Awards to or other transaction by a participant who is subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act shall be exempt under Rule 16b-3 (except for transactions acknowledged in writing to be non-exempt by such participant). Accordingly, if any provision of the Plan or any Award agreement does not comply with the requirements of Rule 16b-3 as then applicable to any such transaction, unless the participant shall have
 
 
24

 
acknowledged in writing that a transaction pursuant to such provision is to be non-exempt, such provision shall be construed or deemed amended to the extent necessary to conform to the applicable requirements of Rule 16b-3 so that such participant shall avoid liability under Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act.

However, even if a transaction is exempt under Section 16(b), the general prohibition of federal and state securities laws on trading securities while in possession of material non-public information concerning the issuer continues to apply.

4.             Eligibility. Only former, current and future agents, employees and officers of the former JP and its subsidiaries are eligible to participate in the Plan and receive awards under the Plan (“Participants”). Individuals who were employed, immediately before the merger, by LNC or entities that were its subsidiaries immediately before the merger, are not eligible to participate in the Plan. The Committee may designate one or more classes of Participants under the Plan. The Term “agents” includes insurance agents who represent one or more of the former JP’s continuing life insurance subsidiaries. The term "Employee" includes full-time life insurance agents who are employees for Social Security tax purposes.

5.           Administration. The Plan will be administered by the Compensation Committee of the LNC Board of Directors (the “Committee”). Subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan, the Committee has exclusive authority to interpret the Plan, to establish and revise rules and regulations relating to the Plan and its administration and to make any other determination which it believes necessary or advisable for the administration of the Plan. Decisions of the Committee shall be final and binding upon all persons having an interest in the Plan.

Subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan, the Committee shall have the exclusive authority to identify Participants eligible to receive Awards under the Plan and to make awards of stock options, SARs and stock grants which may include Long Term Incentive Program ("LTIP") awards. Consistent with the provisions of the Plan, the Committee shall establish the terms, conditions and duration of each Award made under the Plan.

6.           Stock Options and SARs. The Committee is authorized to grant stock options, including both incentive stock options (“ISOs”) that can result in potentially favorable tax treatment to the participant and non-qualified stock options ( i.e. , options not qualifying as ISOs). The Committee determines the exercise price per share with respect to an option, which in no event may be less than the fair market value of a share of Common Stock on the date of grant. Under the Plan, unless otherwise determined by the Committee, the fair market value of the Common Stock is the closing price of a share of Common Stock, as quoted on the composite transactions tape on the NYSE, on the date on which the determination of fair market value is being made, or if the stock does not trade on that date, on the next preceding trading day.

ISO means any option intended to be and designated as an incentive stock option within the meaning of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) or any successor provision thereto. The terms of any ISO granted under the Plan is intended to comply in all respects with the provisions of Code Section 422. The aggregate fair market value (determined at the time an ISO is granted) of the stock with respect to which incentive stock options are exercisable for the first time by a participant during any calendar year may not exceed $100,000. For purposes of this $100,000 limitation, all of our plans will be taken into account.

The Committee may grant SARs to eligible Participants, either separately or in tandem with stock options. The Committee shall determine the time and conditions of exercisability and whether the stock appreciation shall be payable in Common Stock, cash or a combination of both. The grant, exercise or lapse of a SAR shall not increase, decrease or otherwise affect the terms or conditions attached to the grant, exercise or lapse of an ISO.

Each option or SAR shall be exercisable for such period as the Committee shall determine, including a period after termination of employment or expiration of an agent's contract, but for not more than ten years after the date of grant.
 

 
25

 
The option price for the shares purchased on any exercise date shall be paid in full in cash or by the surrender of shares of Common Stock valued at fair market value on the exercise date, or by any combination of cash and such shares. Payment shall be made no later than the normal settlement date for ordinary brokerage trades on the exercise date, or such earlier date as the Committee may specify. The Committee determines the methods of exercise and settlement and other terms of SARs.

7.            Stock Grants including LTIP Payouts. The Committee may make stock grants to selected Participants of the Company to enable such persons to acquire stock on such terms and conditions as the Committee determines are in the best interests of the Company. Stock grants may be either restricted stock which vests over time or subject to other conditions, or restricted or unrestricted stock paid out upon the achievement of performance goals established by the Committee. Discretionary, unrestricted stock grants are not permitted.

The Committee may make LTIP awards payable in whole or part in Common Stock. Until LTIP is revised by the Committee, LTIP payouts shall be based on cumulative growth in JP's operating earnings per share (EPS). Eligible Participants selected by the Committee shall be eligible for a payment each year, contingent upon JP's achieving levels, specified by the Committee, of compound growth rate in cumulative operating earnings per share ("CGR") during the prior three years and continued service to the end of the three year period. Payouts shall be expressed as a percentage (which may vary according to the participant and the level of CGR achieved, as specified by the Committee) of each eligible Participant's salary during the last year of the three year measurement period. The target amount shall be paid if the targeted CGR is achieved. The threshold amount shall be paid if 50% of the targeted CGR is achieved; below 50% no payout shall be made. The maximum amount shall be paid if 150% or more of the targeted CGR is achieved. Payouts, if any, shall be made in a 50/50 ratio of cash and Common Stock valued at the fair market value on the payment date.

8.             Tax Withholding. The Committee may condition any payment relating to an Award on the withholding of taxes and may provide that a portion of any shares or other property to be distributed will be withheld (or previously acquired shares or other property surrendered by the participant) to satisfy withholding and other tax obligations.

9.             Non-Transferability. Awards generally may not be assigned or transferred except by will or by the laws of descent and distribution, to a designated beneficiary upon the Participant’s death, or pursuant to a qualified domestic relations order. During an optionee's lifetime, options shall be exercisable only by the optionee or a duly appointed guardian or legal representative of the optionee. However, the Committee may specify as to one or more optionees, that limited transfers shall be permitted because of special circumstances.

Awards under the Plan are generally granted without a requirement that the Participant pay consideration in the form of cash or property for the grant (as distinguished from the exercise), except to the extent required by law.

10.           Change in Control. In the event of a Change in Control, options and SARs may become immediately exercisable and may remain exercisable for such periods not exceeding the original terms thereof, restricted stock awards may immediately vest, and long term incentive awards providing for restricted or unrestricted stock payouts may be immediately settled, and any options or other awards may be settled in cash, all as the Committee shall determine either at or after the time of granting the options or making the respective other awards. "Change in Control" as defined by the Committee includes the acquisition by certain persons or groups of twenty percent or more of our outstanding Common Stock, significant changes in our board of directors, and certain reorganizations, mergers, consolidations, and sales or dispositions of all or substantially all of our consolidated assets.

11.           Amendment and Termination of the Plan. The LNC Board of Directors may amend, suspend or terminate the Plan at any time and from time to time, provided however that without approval of the shareholders, no revision or amendment shall increase the number of shares reserved for the Plan (except as provided in the Plan’s anti-dilution provisions), reduce the minimum exercise price specified in the Plan, extend the duration of the Plan, change the designation of the class of employees eligible to receive options or other awards (except as permitted by Rule 16b-3), or materially increase the benefits accruing to participants under the Plan. Further, no
 
 
26

 
amendment or termination of the Plan may alter or impair any rights or obligations of any award previously made without the consent of the awardee. Shareholder approval will not necessarily be required for amendments that might increase the cost of the Plan or broaden eligibility. Unless earlier terminated by the Board, the Plan (but not any awards theretofore made) shall in any event terminate on, and no awards shall be made after, May 3, 2009.
 

 
12.           Federal Income Tax Implications of the Plan.   The following is a brief description of the federal income tax consequences generally arising with respect to Awards under the Plan. In view of the individual nature of tax consequences, each participant should consult his or her tax advisor for more specific information, including the effect of applicable federal, state and other tax laws.

Under present law, the federal income tax consequences of grants and other Awards under the Plan are generally as described below.

Non-Qualified Stock Options. The grant of a non-qualified stock option should not result in taxable income to the participant at the time of grant. On exercise of a non-qualified stock option, the participant will normally realize taxable ordinary income equal to any excess of the fair market value of the shares at the time of exercise over the option price of the shares. At the time this ordinary income is recognized by the participant, we will be entitled to a corresponding deduction.  Upon the disposition of the shares acquired upon exercise of a non-qualified stock option, the difference between the amount received for the shares and the basis (i.e., fair market value of the shares on exercise of the option) will be treated as long-term or short-term capital gain or loss, depending on the holding period.

ISOs.  The tax treatment of ISOs is complex. We have not granted any ISOs in over 10 years. Should we grant ISOs, we will provide affected optionees with a summary of the federal tax implications.  

SARs. The grant of a SAR should not result in taxable income to the participant at the time of grant. On exercise of a SAR, the participant will realize taxable ordinary income equal to the cash and fair market value of any shares received. At the time the participant recognizes ordinary income on the exercise of a SAR, we will be entitled to a corresponding deduction. Upon the disposition of any shares acquired under a SAR, the difference between the amount received for the shares and the fair market value of the shares as of the date of exercise of the SAR will be treated as long-term or short-term capital gain or loss, depending on the holding period.

Restricted Stock. The grant of restricted stock should not automatically result in taxable income to the participant. Instead, the participant will normally realize taxable ordinary income when the restrictions on the shares lapse in an amount equal to the fair market value of the shares on that date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a participant may elect (pursuant to Section 83(b) of the Code), within 30 days of the date of a restricted stock grant, to be taxed on the value of the shares as of the date of grant. If the participant subsequently forfeits the shares, the participant will not be entitled to a deduction. At the time the participant recognizes ordinary income with respect to restricted stock, we will be entitled to a corresponding deduction. Upon disposition of the shares after restrictions lapse, the difference between the amount received and the fair market value of the shares on the vesting date (or on the date of grant if the participant made the election described above) will be treated as long-term or short-term capital gain or loss, depending on the holding period.

Dividends paid on restricted stock received by the participant prior to the lapse of restrictions will be taxable as ordinary income to the participant, and we will be allowed a corresponding deduction unless the participant made the Section 83(b) election described above. If the election was made, dividends actually paid on restricted stock will be taxable as dividends and we will not be allowed a corresponding deduction.

Unrestricted Stock Grants including LTIP Payouts. Generally, a participant will be subject to tax, and we will receive a corresponding deduction, with respect to a distribution of an unrestricted stock grant or LTIP payout when the Common Stock and any cash are paid to the participant. The amount of taxable income a participant recognizes and our deduction will equal the amount of cash and the fair market value of the Common Stock paid out.
 
 
27


 
Code Section 409A. To the extent that any Award under the Plan is considered a deferral of compensation subject to Code section 409A, the Plan shall be construed and administered in accordance with Code section 409A and in reasonable good faith compliance with applicable IRS guidance.

13.           Miscellaneous. The Plan is not qualified under Section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code and is not subject to any of the provisions of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended.

Neither the Plan, nor the granting of an option, stock appreciation right or stock grant or any other action taken pursuant to the Plan, shall confer upon an individual any right to remain an employee or agent or restrict the Company's right to take any personnel or other action with respect to such individual.

The Plan and the awarding and exercise of options hereunder shall be subject to all applicable Federal and state laws and all rules and regulations issued thereunder, including registration and private placement restrictions, and the Board in its discretion may, subject to the provisions of Section 16 hereof, make such changes in the Plan (except such changes which by law must be approved by the shareholders) or impose restrictions upon the exercise of options as may be required to conform the Plan to such applicable laws, rules and regulations.

 We intend that the Plan comply in all respects with Rule 16b-3 and any related regulations and interpretations. If any provision of the Plan is later found not to be in compliance with such Rule and regulations, the provision shall be limited in application to persons not affected by Rule 16b-3 if Rule 16b-3 so permits, and otherwise shall be deemed null and void.

We intend that the Plan comply fully with and meet all the requirements of section 162(m) of the Code so that options, SARs and stock grants including LTIP awards and, if determined by the Committee, restricted stock awards shall constitute "performance-based" compensation within the meaning of such section. If any provision of the Plan would disqualify the Plan or would not otherwise permit the Plan to comply with section 162(m) as so intended, such provision shall be construed or deemed amended to conform to the requirements or provisions of section 162(m); provided that no such construction or amendment shall have an adverse effect on the economic value to a holder of any option or other Award previously granted under the Plan.

 
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION  
 
         We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information and documents with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. You may read and copy any document we file with the SEC at:

              
public reference room maintained by the SEC in: Washington, D.C. (450 Fifth Street, N.W., Room 1024, Washington, D.C. 20549). Copies of such materials can be obtained from the SEC’s public reference section at prescribed rates. You may obtain information on the operation of the public reference rooms by calling the SEC at (800) SEC-0330, or

               ●
the SEC website located at www.sec.gov.

 
This Prospectus is one part of a Registration Statement filed on Form S-3 with the SEC under the Securities Act. This Prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the Registration Statement and the exhibits and schedules to the Registration Statement. For further information concerning us and the securities, you should read the entire Registration Statement and the additional information described under “Documents Incorporated By Reference” below. The registration statement has been filed electronically and may be obtained in any manner listed above. Any statements contained herein concerning the provisions of any document are not necessarily complete, and, in each instance, reference is made to the copy of such document filed as an exhibit to the
 
 
28

 
Registration Statement or otherwise filed with the SEC. Each such statement is qualified in its entirety by such reference.
 
        Information about us is also available on our web site at www.lfg.com. This URL and the SEC’s URL above are intended to be inactive textual references only. Such information on our or the SEC’s web site is not a part of this Prospectus.
 
 
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
 

We hereby incorporate, or will be deemed to have incorporated, herein by reference the following documents filed (File No. 1-6028) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) in accordance with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”):

                
Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008;

                
Our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2009;

                
Our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 13, March 19, March 27 and March 30, 2009;

                
The description of our common stock contained in Form 10 filed with the SEC on April 28, 1969, including any amendments or reports filed for the purpose of updating that description; and

                
The description of our common stock purchase rights contained in our Registration Statement on Form 8-A/A, Amendment No. 1, filed with the SEC on December 2, 1996, including any amendments or reports filed for the purpose of updating that description.

Each document filed subsequent to the date of this Registration Statement pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 and 15(d) of the Exchange Act, prior to the filing of a post-effective amendment which indicates that all securities offered have been sold or which deregisters all securities then remaining unsold, shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference in this Registration Statement and to be a part hereof from the date of the filing of such documents. Any statement contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated herein by reference shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this Registration Statement to the extent that a statement contained herein (or in any other subsequently filed document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein) modifies or supersedes such statement. Any such statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute part of this Registration Statement.

We will provide without charge to each person to whom this prospectus is delivered, upon the written or oral request of such person, a copy of the documents incorporated by reference as described above (other than exhibits to such documents unless such exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference into such documents), copies of all documents constituting part of the prospectus for the Plan, and copies of the Plan. Please direct your oral or written request to:

C. Suzanne Womack
2 nd Vice President & Secretary
150 N. Radnor Chester Road
Radnor, PA  19087
(484) 583-1400

 
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EXPERTS

The consolidated financial statements of Lincoln National Corporation appearing in Lincoln National Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 (including schedules included therein) and the effectiveness of Lincoln National Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their reports thereon, included therein, and incorporated herein by reference. Such consolidated financial statements are incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such reports given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
 
LEGAL MATTERS

The validity of the securities offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Dennis L. Schoff, Esq., Senior Vice President and General Counsel of Lincoln National Corporation. As of the date of this Registration Statement, Mr. Schoff beneficially owns approximately 226,470 shares of our Common Stock including options exercisable within sixty (60) days of the date of the Registration Statement.

PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution

Set forth below are estimates of all expenses incurred or to be incurred by us in connection with the issuance and distribution of our Common Stock to be registered, other than underwriting discounts and commissions of which there are none.

 
$
5,207
 
Photocopying and Printing
   
5,000
 
Accounting fees
   
10,000
 
State blue sky fees and expenses
   
-0-
 
TOTAL
 
$
20,207
 

Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers

Our bylaws, pursuant to authority contained in the IBCL and the Indiana Insurance Law, respectively, provide for the indemnification of our officers, directors and employees against the following:
 
                ●
reasonable expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by them in connection with the defense of any action, suit or proceeding to which they are made or threatened to be made parties (including those   brought by, or on behalf of us) if they are successful on the merits or otherwise in the defense of such proceeding except with respect to matters as to which they are adjudged liable for negligence or misconduct in the performance of duties to their respective corporations.
 
                ●
reasonable costs of judgments, settlements, penalties, fines and reasonable expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred with respect to, any action, suit or proceeding, if the person’s conduct was in good faith and the person reasonably believed that his/her conduct was in our best interest. In the case of a criminal proceeding, the person must also have reasonable cause to believe his/her conduct was lawful.
 
 
30

 
Indiana Law requires that a corporation, unless limited by its articles of incorporation, indemnify its directors and officers against reasonable expenses incurred in the successful defense of any proceeding arising out of their serving as a director or officer of the corporation.
 
No indemnification or reimbursement will be made to an individual judged liable to us, unless a court determines that in spite of a judgment of liability to the corporation, the individual is reasonably entitled to indemnification, but only to the extent that the court deems proper. Additionally, if an officer, director or employee does not meet the standards of conduct described above, such individual will be required to repay us for any advancement of expenses it had previously made.
 
In the case of directors, a determination as to whether indemnification or reimbursement is proper will be made by a majority of the disinterested directors or, if it is not possible to obtain a quorum of directors not party to or interested in the proceeding, then by a committee thereof or by special legal counsel. In the case of individuals who are not directors, such determination will be made by the chief executive officer of the respective corporation, or, if the chief executive officer so directs, in the manner it would be made if the individual were a director of the corporation.
 
Such indemnification may apply to claims arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted for our directors, officers or controlling persons pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and therefore unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by us of expenses incurred or paid by one of our directors, officers or controlling persons in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, we will, unless in the opinion of our counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by us is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of the issue by the court.
 
We maintain a program of insurance under which our directors and officers are insured, subject to specified exclusions and deductible and maximum amounts, against actual or alleged errors, misstatements, misleading statements, acts or omissions, or neglect or breach of duty while acting in their respective capacities for us.
 
The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided for in our bylaws does not exclude or limit any other rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses that a person may be entitled to other agreements, shareholders’ and board resolutions and our articles of incorporation.
 
Item 16.   Exhibits.
 
The exhibits filed with this Registration Statement are listed in the Exhibit Index, which is incorporated herein by reference.
 
Item 17.   Undertakings.

The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:

(a)   To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

(i)  
To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;

(ii)  
To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement.
  
 
31

 
 
Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimate maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20 percent change in maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and

(iii)  
To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;

Provide, however , that paragraphs (a)(i), (a)(ii) and (a)(iii) do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the Registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.

(b)   That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(c)   To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
 
(d) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser:
 
 
      (i)
Each prospectus filed by a Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and
 
 
     (ii)
Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5) or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii) or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which the prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.

(e)   That, for the purpose of determining liability of a Registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, each undersigned Registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of an undersigned Registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting
 
 
32

 
method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned Registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:



(i)  
Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of an undersigned Registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;

(ii)  
Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of an undersigned Registrant or used or referred to by an undersigned Registrant;

(iii)  
The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about an undersigned Registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of an undersigned Registrant; and

(iv)  
Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by an undersigned Registrant to the purchaser.

(f)   That, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of Registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of and employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(g)   Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of each Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, each Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by a Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of a Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, that Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel that has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by the final jurisdiction of such issue.
 
(h) Each undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that:
 
 
     (i)
For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrants pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.
 
 
    (ii)
The purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.



 
33

 


SIGNATURES

 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3, and has duly caused this Registration Statement on Form S-3 to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Radnor, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, on the 18th day of May, 2009.  
  
   
 
LINCOLN NATIONAL CORPORATION
   
   
 
By: /s/ Frederick J. Crawford
 
Frederick J. Crawford, Executive Vice
 
President and Chief Financial Officer
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature
Title
Date
 
Dennis R. Glass*
Dennis R. Glass
President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer) and a Director
 
May 18, 2009
 
/s/ Frederick J. Crawford
Frederick J. Crawford
Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
 
May 18, 2009
 
/s/ Douglas N. Miller
Douglas N. Miller
Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)
 
May 18, 2009
 
William J. Avery*
William J. Avery
Director
 
May 18, 2009
 
William H. Cunningham*
William H. Cunningham 
Director
 
May 18, 2009
 
George W. Henderson, III*
George W. Henderson
Director
 
May 18, 2009
 
Eric G. Johnson*  
Eric G. Johnson
 Director
 
May 18, 2009
 
M. Leanne Lachman*
M. Leanne Lachman
Director
 
May 18, 2009
 
Michael F. Mee*
Michael F. Mee
Director
 
May 18, 2009
 
William Porter Payne*
William Porter Payne
Director
 
May 18, 2009

 
34

 


 
Patrick S. Pittard*
Patrick S. Pittard
Director
 
May 18, 2009
 
David A. Stonecipher*
David A. Stonecipher
Director
May 18, 2009
 
Isaiah Tidwell*
Isaiah Tidwell
Director
 
May 18, 2009
 


*By:        /s/ Dennis L. Schoff          
Dennis L. Schoff, Attorney-in-Fact
(Pursuant to Powers of Attorney)



 
35

 

 
INDEX TO EXHIBITS

2.1
Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of October 9, 2005, among LNC, Quartz Corporation and Jefferson-Pilot Corporation is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to LNC’s Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-6028) filed with the SEC on October 11, 2005.
2.2
Amendment No. 1 to the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of January 26, 2006, among LNC, Lincoln JP Holding, L.P., Quartz Corporation and Jefferson-Pilot Corporation is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to LNC’s Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-6028) filed with the SEC on January 31, 2006.
3.1
The Restated Articles of Incorporation of LNC as last amended effective May 11, 2007 are incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of LNC’s Form 8-K (File No. 1-6028) filed with the SEC on May 10, 2007.
3.2
Amended and Restated Bylaws of LNC (effective November 6, 2008) are incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of LNC’s Form 10-Q (File No. 1-6028) for the quarter ended September 30, 2008.
Jefferson-Pilot Long Term Stock Incentive Plan is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(iii) of Jefferson-Pilot Corporation’s Form 10-K (File No. 1-5955) for the year ended December 31, 2005.
23.2
Consent of Dennis L Schoff, Esq., is contained in Exhibit 5 (included in Exhibit 5).


 
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