POS 8C
1933 Act File No.: 333-104669
1940 Act File No.: 811-00266
U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-2
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
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SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
Pre-Effective Amendment No. Post-Effective Amendment No. 20 |
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and/or
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
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THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940
Amendment No. 54 |
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Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter:
TRI-CONTINENTAL CORPORATION
Address of
Principal Executive Offices (Number, Street, City, State, Zip Code):
225 Franklin Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110
Registrants Telephone Number, including Area Code:
(800) 345-6611
Name and Address (Number, Street, City, State, Zip Code) of Agent for Service:
Scott R. Plummer, 5228 Ameriprise Financial Center, Minneapolis, MN 55474
Approximate
Date of Proposed Public Offering: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If any
securities being registered on this form will be offered on a delayed or continuous basis in reliance on Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered in connection with a dividend reinvestment plan, check the following
box. ¨
It is proposed that this filing will become effective
(check appropriate box)
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when declared effective pursuant to section 8(c) |
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immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b) |
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on (date) pursuant to paragraph (b) |
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60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a) |
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on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a) of Rule 486. |
If appropriate, check the following box:
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This Post-Effective Amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed Post-Effective Amendment or Registration Statement. |
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This Post-Effective Amendment on Form N-2 is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b)(1) under the Securities Act of 1933 and the
Securities Act Registration Statement Number of the earlier effective Registration Statement for the same offering is: |
PROSPECTUS
May 1, 2016
TRI-CONTINENTAL CORPORATION
Tri-Continental Corporation seeks future growth of both capital and income while providing reasonable current income.
The Securities and Exchange Commission has neither
approved nor disapproved these securities, and it has not determined this Prospectus to be accurate or adequate. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Not FDIC Insured ¡ May Lose Value ¡ No Bank Guarantee
an investment you can live with
Prospectus
May 1, 2016
225 Franklin Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02110
Toll-Free Telephone (800) 345-6611, option 3
Tri-Continental Corporation (the Fund) is a diversified, closed-end management investment company a publicly traded investment fund. The Funds
shares of common stock (the Common Stock) are traded primarily on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol TY. The closing market price of the Common Stock on February 29, 2016 was $18.77 per share.
The Fund invests primarily for the longer term, and the Funds objective is to produce future growth of both capital and
income while providing reasonable current income. The Fund may invest in all types of securities. See Investment Objective and Other Policies and Related Risks. No assurance can be given that the Funds investment objective will be
realized. The Funds investment manager is Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC (Columbia Management or the Investment Manager).
This Prospectus applies to all shares of Common Stock purchased under the Funds various investment plans and to all shares of Common Stock issued upon exercise of the Funds
outstanding Warrants. See Investment Plans and Other Services. The shares of Common Stock covered by this Prospectus also may be issued from time to time by the Fund to acquire the assets of personal holding companies, private investment
companies or publicly owned investment companies. See Issuance of Shares in Connection with Acquisitions.
This Prospectus sets forth the information that a prospective investor should know about the Fund before investing. Investors are advised
to read this Prospectus carefully and to retain it for future reference. Additional information about the Fund, including a Statement of Additional Information (SAI) dated May 1, 2016, has been filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission. The SAI, as well as the Funds most recent Annual and Semi-Annual Reports are also available upon request and without charge by writing to Columbia Management Investment Services Corp. (CMISC or the Service
Agent), the Funds stockholder servicing, dividend paying and transfer agent, at P.O. Box 8099, Boston, Massachusetts 02266-8099 or calling the Service Agent at the telephone number listed above. Investors may also write or call the
Service Agent in order to request other available information or to make stockholder inquiries. The SAI is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety and its table of contents appears on page 25 of this Prospectus. The 2015 Annual Report
contains financial statements of the Fund for the year ended December 31, 2015, which are incorporated by reference into the SAI. The SAI, as well as the Funds most recent Annual and Semi-Annual Reports are also available at
columbiathreadneedle.com/us. The website references in this Prospectus are inactive textual references and information contained in or otherwise accessible through the referenced websites does not form a part of this Prospectus. The Securities and
Exchange Commission maintains a website (www.sec.gov) that contains the Prospectus, SAI, material incorporated by reference, and other information filed electronically by the Fund.
Common Stock
($0.50 par value)
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TRI-CONTINENTAL CORPORATION 2016 PROSPECTUS |
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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TRI-CONTINENTAL CORPORATION 2016 PROSPECTUS |
Summary of Fund Expenses
The following table illustrates the expenses and fees that the Fund expects to incur and that you can expect to bear as a holder of the
Funds Common Stock. The total annual expenses in the fee and expense table below are based on expenses incurred during the Funds most recently completed fiscal year and are expressed as a percentage (expense ratio) of the Funds
average net assets during the period attributable to Common Stock. The expense ratio has been adjusted to reflect current fee arrangements, but has not been adjusted to reflect the Funds assets as of a different period or point in time, as
asset levels will fluctuate. In general, the Funds annual operating expense ratio will increase as the Funds assets decrease, such that the Funds actual expense ratio may be higher than the expense ratio presented in the table.
Columbia Management provides management services, which include investment advisory services and administrative services,
for a fee, as disclosed in the fee table below. Please see the Management of the Fund section of the prospectus for a description of such fees.
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Stockholder
Transaction Expenses |
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Automatic Dividend Investment and Cash Purchase Plan Fees |
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$ |
2.00 |
(a) |
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Annual
Expenses (as a percentage of net assets attributable to Common Stock) |
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Management
fees(b) |
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0.42% |
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Other
expenses(b)(c) |
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0.08% |
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Acquired fund fees and expenses |
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0.06% |
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Total Annual Expenses Before Impact of Dividends on Preferred
Stock(d) |
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0.56% |
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Impact of Dividends on Preferred Stock |
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0.13% |
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Total Annual Expenses, including Impact of Dividends on Preferred Stock |
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0.69% |
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(a) |
Stockholders participating in the Funds Cash Purchase Plan pay a $2.00 fee per transaction. See Investment Plans and Other
Services Automatic Dividend Investment and Cash Purchase Plan for a description of the investment plans and services. |
(b) |
The Funds management fee is 0.415% of the Funds average daily net assets (which includes assets attributable the Funds common
and preferred stock) and is borne by the Funds common stockholders. The management rate noted in the table reflects the rate paid by Common Stockholders as a percentage of the Funds net assets attributable to Common Stock. Management
fees reflect the combination of advisory and administrative services fees under one agreement providing for a single management fee. As a result, other expenses do not include administrative services fees. Advisory fees and administrative services
fees paid pursuant to separate prior agreements amounted to 0.355% and 0.06% of average daily net assets of the Fund, respectively. |
(c) |
Other expenses have been restated to reflect current fees paid by the Fund. |
(d) |
Total Annual Expenses Before Impact of Dividends on Preferred Stock include acquired fund fees and expenses (expenses the Fund incurs
indirectly through its investments in other investment companies) and may be higher than expense ratio shown in the Financial Highlights section of this prospectus because the expense ratio does not include acquired fund fees and expenses.
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The following
example illustrates the costs you would pay on a $1,000 investment, assuming a 5% annual return (includes the impact of dividends on preferred stock):
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1 Year |
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3 Years |
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5 Years |
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10 Years |
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Tri-Continental Corporation Common
Stock |
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$ |
7 |
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$ |
22 |
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$ |
38 |
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$ |
86 |
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If dividends on the Funds Preferred Stock (as defined herein) were not included, the total
expenses incurred for 1, 3, 5 and 10 years will be $6, $18, $31 and $70.
The purpose of the table above is to assist
you in understanding the various costs and expenses you will bear directly or indirectly. For more complete descriptions of the various costs and expenses, see Management of the Fund and Investment Plans and Other
Services Automatic Dividend Investment and Cash Purchase Plan.
The example does not represent actual costs,
which may be more or less than those shown. Moreover, the Funds actual rate of return may be more or less than the hypothetical 5% return shown in the example.
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TRI-CONTINENTAL CORPORATION 2016 PROSPECTUS |
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3p |
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Prospectus Summary
The following is qualified in its entirety by the more detailed information included elsewhere in this Prospectus.
This Prospectus applies to shares of Common Stock of the Fund. The Fund invests primarily for the longer term and has no charter
restrictions with respect to such investments. The Funds objective is to produce future growth of both capital and income while providing reasonable current income. There can be no assurance that this objective will be achieved. With respect
to the Funds investments, assets may be held in cash or invested in all types of securities in whatever amounts or proportions the Investment Manager believes is best suited to current and anticipated economic and market conditions. These may
include preferred and common stocks, debt securities, repurchase agreements, derivatives (including futures contracts), illiquid securities and securities of foreign issuers (including emerging markets issuers), each of which could involve certain
risks. The Fund also employs leverage through its outstanding shares of preferred stock. See Investment Objective and Other Policies and Related Risks.
Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (Ameriprise Financial), is the investment manager of the Fund. Columbia Management
also serves as administrative services agent to the Fund and provides or compensates others to provide accounting, treasury and other services to the Fund and the other Columbia funds.
The advisory fee rate for the year ended December 31, 2015 was equivalent to 0.36% of the Funds average daily net assets. See Management of the Fund for more
information.
Shares of Common Stock covered by this Prospectus may be purchased from time to time by the Service Agent,
the Plan service agent for the Automatic Dividend Investment and Cash Purchase Plans, Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) and Retirement Plans for Self-Employed Individuals, Partnerships and Corporations (collectively, the
Plans), as directed by participants, and may be sold from time to time by the Service Agent for participants in Systematic Withdrawal Plans. See Investment Plans and Other Services. Shares will be purchased for the Plans on
the New York Stock Exchange or elsewhere when the market price of the Common Stock is equal to or less than its net asset value, and any brokerage commissions applicable to such purchases will be charged pro rata to the Plan participants. Shares
will be purchased for the Plans from the Fund at net asset value when the net asset value is lower than the market price, all as more fully described in this Prospectus.
The Board re-approved the Funds stock repurchase program for 2016. Identical to the Funds 2015 stock repurchase program, the Funds
2016 stock repurchase program allows the Fund to repurchase up to 5% of the Funds outstanding Common Stock during the year directly from Stockholders and in the open market, provided that, with respect to shares purchased in the open market,
the excess of the net asset value of a share of Common Stock over its market price (the discount) is greater than 10%. During 2015, the Fund purchased 1,968,567 shares of Common Stock in the open market. The intent of the stock repurchase program
is, among other things, to moderate the growth in the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding, increase the NAV of the Funds outstanding shares, reduce the dilutive impact on stockholders who do not take capital gains distributions in
additional shares and increase the liquidity of the Funds Common Stock in the marketplace.
The
Fund
The Fund is a Maryland corporation formed in 1929 by the consolidation of two predecessor corporations. It is
registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act), as a diversified management investment company of the closed-end type. The Funds Common Stock is listed on the
New York Stock Exchange under the symbol TY. The average weekly trading volume on that and other exchanges during 2015 was 343,976 shares. The Funds Common Stock has historically been traded on the market at less than net asset
value. As of February 29, 2016, the Fund had 58,416,560 shares of Common Stock outstanding and net assets attributable to Common Stock of $1,304,250,465.
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TRI-CONTINENTAL CORPORATION 2016 PROSPECTUS |
Financial Highlights
The Funds financial highlights for the four most recent fiscal years presented on the following pages have been derived from the
financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. Financial highlights for prior fiscal years were derived from the financial statements audited by other auditors. The information below, which
is derived from the financial and accounting records of the Fund, should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes contained in the Funds 2015 Annual Report, which may be obtained from CMISC as provided in this Prospectus.
Per Share Operating Performance data is designed to allow you to trace the operating performance, on a per
Common Stock share basis, from the beginning net asset value to the ending net asset value so that you can understand what effect the individual items have on your investment, assuming it was held throughout the year. Generally, the per share
amounts are derived by converting the actual dollar amounts incurred for each item, as disclosed in the financial statements, to their equivalent per Common Stock share amounts, using average shares outstanding during the period.
The total investment return based on market value measures the Funds performance assuming you purchased shares of the Fund at the
market value as of the beginning of the year, invested dividends and capital gains paid as provided for in the Funds Automatic Dividend Investment and Cash Purchase Plan, and then sold your shares at the closing market value per share on the
last day of the year. The computation does not reflect any sales commissions you may incur in purchasing or selling shares of the Fund. The total investment return based on net asset value is similarly computed except that the Funds net asset
value is substituted for the corresponding market value.
The ratios of expenses and net investment income to average net
assets for Common Stock for the periods presented do not reflect the effect of dividends paid to holders of the Funds $2.50 cumulative preferred stock (the Preferred Stock).
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TRI-CONTINENTAL CORPORATION 2016 PROSPECTUS |
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5p |
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PER SHARE OPERATING PERFORMANCE, TOTAL INVESTMENT RETURN, RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA
(for a share of Common Stock outstanding throughout each year)
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Year ended December 31, |
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2015 |
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2014 |
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2013 |
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2012 |
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Per share data |
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Net asset value, beginning of
period |
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$24.76 |
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$23.11 |
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$18.77 |
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$16.77 |
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Income from investment operations: |
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Net investment income |
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.81 |
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.73 |
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.69 |
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.63 |
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Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) |
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(1.37 |
) |
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1.70 |
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4.36 |
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2.00 |
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Increase from payments by
affiliate |
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Total from investment operations |
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(.56 |
) |
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2.43 |
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5.05 |
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2.63 |
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Less distributions to Stockholders from: |
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Net investment income |
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Preferred stock |
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(.03 |
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(.03 |
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(.03 |
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(.03 |
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Common stock |
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(.81 |
) |
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(.75 |
) |
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(.68 |
) |
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(.60 |
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Net realized gains |
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Common stock |
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Tax return of capital |
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Common stock |
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Total distributions to
Stockholders |
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(.84 |
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(.78 |
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(.71 |
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(.63 |
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Dilution in net asset value from dividend reinvestment |
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(.05 |
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Increase resulting from share repurchases |
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.18 |
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Capital stock transactions at market
price |
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Net asset value, end of period |
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$23.49 |
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$24.76 |
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$23.11 |
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$18.77 |
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Adjusted net asset value, end of period(b) |
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$23.42 |
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$24.68 |
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$23.04 |
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$18.71 |
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Market price, end of period |
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$20.02 |
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$21.41 |
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$19.98 |
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$16.00 |
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Total return |
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Based upon net asset value |
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(1.36% |
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11.09% |
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27.76% |
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16.24% |
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Based upon market price |
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(2.78% |
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11.11% |
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29.58% |
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16.77% |
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Ratios to average net assets(d) |
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Expenses to average net assets for Common Stock |
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.50% |
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.49% |
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.50% |
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.52% |
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Net investment income to average net assets for
Common Stock |
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3.16% |
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2.91% |
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3.12% |
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3.28% |
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Supplemental data |
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Net assets, end of period (000s): |
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Common stock |
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$1,382,712 |
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$1,511,285 |
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$1,435,734 |
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$1,183,285 |
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Preferred stock |
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37,637 |
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37,637 |
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37,637 |
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37,637 |
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Total net assets |
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$1,420,349 |
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$1,548,922 |
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$1,473,371 |
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$1,220,922 |
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Portfolio turnover |
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76% |
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76% |
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62% |
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68% |
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Notes to Financial Highlights
(a) |
Reflects the issuance of Common Stock in distributions. |
(b) |
Assumes the exercise of outstanding warrants. |
(c) |
During the year ended Dec. 31, 2009, the Corporation received a payment by affiliate. Had the Corporation not received this payment, the total
return would have been lower by 0.47%. |
(d) |
In addition to the fees and expenses which the Corporation bears
directly, the Corporation indirectly bears a pro rata share of the fees and expenses of the acquired funds in which it invests. Such indirect expenses are not included in the reported expense ratios. |
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6p |
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TRI-CONTINENTAL CORPORATION 2016 PROSPECTUS |
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Year ended December 31, |
2011 |
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2010 |
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2009 |
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2008 |
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2007 |
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2006 |
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$15.96 |
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$13.73 |
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$11.29 |
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$23.03 |
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$25.66 |
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$22.16 |
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.33 |
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.30 |
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.20 |
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.52 |
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.84 |
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.33 |
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.79 |
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2.28 |
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2.42 |
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(9.88) |
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(1.01 |
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3.47 |
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.04 |
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1.12 |
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2.58 |
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2.66 |
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(9.36) |
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(.17 |
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3.80 |
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(.03 |
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(.03 |
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(.03 |
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(.02) |
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(.02 |
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(.02 |
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(.28 |
) |
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(.25 |
) |
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(.17 |
) |
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(.50) |
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(.87 |
) |
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(.28 |
) |
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(.39) |
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(1.57 |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(.02 |
) |
|
|
|
(1.22) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(.31 |
) |
|
|
|
(.28 |
) |
|
|
|
(.22 |
) |
|
|
|
(2.13) |
|
|
|
|
(2.46 |
) |
|
|
|
(.30 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(.07 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(.25 |
)(a) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$16.77 |
|
|
|
|
$15.96 |
|
|
|
|
$13.73 |
|
|
|
|
$11.29 |
|
|
|
|
$23.03 |
|
|
|
|
$25.66 |
|
|
|
$16.72 |
|
|
|
|
$15.90 |
|
|
|
|
$13.69 |
|
|
|
|
$11.26 |
|
|
|
|
$22.98 |
|
|
|
|
$25.60 |
|
|
|
$14.23 |
|
|
|
|
$13.76 |
|
|
|
|
$11.52 |
|
|
|
|
$9.86 |
|
|
|
|
$20.90 |
|
|
|
|
$22.38 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7.15% |
|
|
|
|
18.58% |
|
|
|
|
24.11% |
(c) |
|
|
|
(43.77%) |
|
|
|
|
(.52% |
) |
|
|
|
17.38% |
|
|
|
5.46% |
|
|
|
|
21.85% |
|
|
|
|
19.24% |
|
|
|
|
(45.89%) |
|
|
|
|
3.51% |
|
|
|
|
22.10% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.59% |
|
|
|
|
.60% |
|
|
|
|
.98% |
|
|
|
|
.73% |
|
|
|
|
.66% |
|
|
|
|
.80% |
|
|
|
1.80% |
|
|
|
|
1.84% |
|
|
|
|
1.46% |
|
|
|
|
2.96% |
|
|
|
|
3.22% |
|
|
|
|
1.40% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$1,078,160 |
|
|
|
|
$1,061,251 |
|
|
|
|
$946,344 |
|
|
|
|
$893,899 |
|
|
|
|
$2,373,429 |
|
|
|
|
$2,657,209 |
|
|
|
37,637 |
|
|
|
|
37,637 |
|
|
|
|
37,637 |
|
|
|
|
37,637 |
|
|
|
|
37,637 |
|
|
|
|
37,637 |
|
|
|
$1,115,797 |
|
|
|
|
$1,098,888 |
|
|
|
|
$983,981 |
|
|
|
|
$931,536 |
|
|
|
|
$2,411,066 |
|
|
|
|
$2,694,846 |
|
|
|
97% |
|
|
|
|
86% |
|
|
|
|
70% |
|
|
|
|
111% |
|
|
|
|
123% |
|
|
|
|
122% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
TRI-CONTINENTAL CORPORATION 2016 PROSPECTUS |
|
|
7p |
|
SENIOR SECURITIES $2.50 CUMULATIVE PREFERRED STOCK
The following information is being presented with respect to the Funds $2.50 cumulative Preferred Stock. The first column presents
the number of shares of Preferred Stock outstanding at the end of each year presented. Year-End Asset Coverage Per Share represents the total amount of net assets of the Fund in relation to each
share of Preferred Stock outstanding as of the end of the respective year. The Involuntary Liquidation Preference Per Share is the amount each share of Preferred Stock would be entitled to upon involuntary liquidation of these shares.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year |
|
Total Shares
Outstanding |
|
|
Year-End
Asset Coverage Per Share |
|
|
Involuntary
Liquidation Preference Per Share |
|
|
Average Daily
Market Value Per Share |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2015 |
|
|
752,740 |
|
|
$ |
1,887 |
|
|
$ |
50 |
|
|
$ |
49.92 |
|
2014 |
|
|
752,740 |
|
|
|
2,058 |
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
46.32 |
|
2013 |
|
|
752,740 |
|
|
|
1,957 |
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
48.50 |
|
2012 |
|
|
752,740 |
|
|
|
1,622 |
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
50.02 |
|
2011 |
|
|
752,740 |
|
|
|
1,482 |
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
46.33 |
|
2010 |
|
|
752,740 |
|
|
|
1,460 |
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
46.62 |
|
2009 |
|
|
752,740 |
|
|
|
1,307 |
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
42.31 |
|
2008 |
|
|
752,740 |
|
|
|
1,238 |
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
42.08 |
|
2007 |
|
|
752,740 |
|
|
|
3,203 |
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
43.77 |
|
2006 |
|
|
752,740 |
|
|
|
3,580 |
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
43.48 |
|
|
|
|
8p |
|
TRI-CONTINENTAL CORPORATION 2016 PROSPECTUS |
Capitalization at February 29, 2016
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Title of Class |
|
Authorized |
|
Outstanding |
|
Amount Held
by Fund or for its Account |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$2.50 Cumulative Preferred Stock, $50 par value |
|
|
|
1,000,000 shs. |
|
|
|
|
752,740 shs. |
|
|
|
|
0 shs. |
|
Common Stock, $0.50 par value |
|
|
|
159,000,000 shs. |
* |
|
|
|
58,416,560 shs. |
|
|
|
|
0 shs. |
|
Warrants to purchase Common Stock |
|
|
|
8,148 wts. |
|
|
|
|
8,148 wts. |
|
|
|
|
0 wts. |
|
* |
197,100 shares of Common Stock were reserved for issuance upon the exercise of outstanding Warrants. |
Trading and Net Asset Value Information
The following table shows the high and low closing prices of the Funds Common Stock on the composite tape for issues listed on the New York Stock Exchange for each calendar quarter
since the beginning of 2014, as well as the net asset values and the range of the percentage discounts to net asset value per share that correspond to such prices.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Market Price |
|
|
Corresponding Net Asset Value |
|
|
Corresponding Discount to Net Asset Value |
|
|
|
High |
|
|
Low |
|
|
High |
|
|
Low |
|
|
High |
|
|
Low |
|
2014 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1st Q |
|
|
20.11 |
|
|
|
18.93 |
|
|
|
23.49 |
|
|
|
22.11 |
|
|
|
(14.39 |
) |
|
|
(14.38 |
) |
2nd Q |
|
|
20.99 |
|
|
|
19.68 |
|
|
|
24.41 |
|
|
|
22.90 |
|
|
|
(14.01 |
) |
|
|
(14.06 |
) |
3rd Q |
|
|
21.47 |
|
|
|
20.49 |
|
|
|
24.97 |
|
|
|
23.91 |
|
|
|
(14.02 |
) |
|
|
(14.30 |
) |
4th Q |
|
|
21.69 |
|
|
|
19.60 |
|
|
|
25.25 |
|
|
|
22.92 |
|
|
|
(14.10 |
) |
|
|
(14.49 |
) |
2015 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1st Q |
|
|
22.15 |
|
|
|
20.81 |
|
|
|
25.74 |
|
|
|
24.27 |
|
|
|
(13.95 |
) |
|
|
(14.26 |
) |
2nd Q |
|
|
22.07 |
|
|
|
21.07 |
|
|
|
25.69 |
|
|
|
24.83 |
|
|
|
(14.09 |
) |
|
|
(15.14 |
) |
3rd Q |
|
|
21.59 |
|
|
|
19.22 |
|
|
|
25.38 |
|
|
|
22.63 |
|
|
|
(14.93 |
) |
|
|
(15.07 |
) |
4th Q |
|
|
20.81 |
|
|
|
19.35 |
|
|
|
24.75 |
|
|
|
22.99 |
|
|
|
(15.92 |
) |
|
|
(15.83 |
) |
2016 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1st Q |
|
|
20.03 |
|
|
|
17.63 |
|
|
|
23.55 |
|
|
|
21.08 |
|
|
|
(14.95 |
) |
|
|
(16.37 |
) |
The Funds Common Stock has historically been traded on the market at less than net asset
value. The closing market price, net asset value and percentage discount to net asset value per share of the Funds Common Stock on March 31, 2016 were $19.96, $23.54 and 15.21%.
|
|
|
|
|
TRI-CONTINENTAL CORPORATION 2016 PROSPECTUS |
|
|
9p |
|
Investment Objective and Other Policies and Related Risks
The Fund is a Maryland corporation formed in 1929 by the consolidation of two predecessor corporations. It is registered under the 1940
Act as a diversified management investment company of the closed-end type.
The
Fund invests primarily for the longer term and has no charter restrictions with respect to such investments. The Funds investment objective is to produce future growth of both capital and income while providing reasonable current income. There
can be no assurance that this objective will be achieved. With respect to the Funds investments, assets may be held in cash or invested in all types of securities, that is, in common stocks, bonds, convertible bonds (including high yield
instruments), debentures, notes, preferred and convertible preferred stocks, rights, derivatives (including futures contracts), and other securities, in whatever amounts or proportions the Investment Manager believes best suited to current and
anticipated economic and market conditions. Derivatives may be used to produce incremental earnings, to hedge existing positions, to maintain investment efficiency, or to increase flexibility. Fixed income and convertible securities may be rated
below investment grade or be deemed to have a comparable rating. The Fund may invest in fixed income securities of any maturity and does not seek to maintain a particular dollar-weighted average maturity. The Fund may invest up to 25% of its net
assets in foreign investments, including those in emerging markets. The Fund also employs leverage through its outstanding shares of preferred stock.
As of March 31, 2016, the Fund had invested 70% of its net assets in equity securities, 13.35% of its net assets in fixed income instruments and 16.09% of its net assets in convertible
securities.
The Funds present investment policies, in respect to which it has freedom of action, are:
(1) it keeps investments in individual issuers within the limits permitted diversified companies under the 1940 Act
(i.e., 75% of its total assets must be represented by cash items, government securities, securities of other investment companies, and securities of other issuers which, at the time of investment, do not exceed 5% of the Funds total assets at
market value in the securities of any issuer and do not exceed 10% of the voting securities of any issuer);
(2) it does not make investments with a view to exercising control or management except that, as of the date hereof,
it has an investment in Seligman Data Corp., the former shareholder servicing agent for the Fund;
(3) it ordinarily does not invest in other investment companies, but it may purchase up to 3% of the voting
securities of such investment companies, provided purchases of securities of a single investment company do not exceed in value 5% of the total assets of the Fund and all investments in investment company securities do not exceed 10% of total
assets; and
(4) it has no fixed policy with respect to portfolio turnover and purchases and sales in
the light of economic, market and investment considerations. The portfolio turnover rates for the ten fiscal years ended December 31, 2015 are shown under Financial Highlights.
The foregoing investment objective and policies may be changed by the Funds Board of Directors (the Board) without
stockholder approval, unless such a change would change the Funds status from a diversified to a non-diversified company under the 1940 Act.
The Fund has fundamental policies relating to the issuance of senior securities, the borrowing of money, the underwriting of securities of other issuers, the concentration of investments
in a particular industry or groups of industries, the purchase or sale of real estate, the purchase or sale of commodities or commodity contracts, and the making of loans. These policies may not be changed without a vote of stockholders. A more
detailed description of the Funds investment policies, including a list of those restrictions on the Funds investment activities which cannot be changed without such a vote, appears in the SAI. Within the limits of these fundamental
policies, the Investment Manager has reserved freedom of action.
The Fund may not invest 25% or more of its total assets
in securities of companies in any one industry. The Fund may, however, invest a substantial percentage of its assets in certain industries or economic sectors believed to offer good investment opportunities. If an industry or economic sector in
which the Fund is invested falls out of favor, the Funds performance may be negatively affected.
Active Management
Risk. The Fund is actively managed and its performance therefore will reflect, in part, the ability of the portfolio managers to make investment decisions that will achieve the Funds investment objective. Due to its active management, the
Fund could underperform its benchmark index and/or other funds with a similar investment objective and/or strategies.
Convertible Securities Risk. Convertible securities are subject to the usual risks associated with debt instruments, such as
interest rate risk (the risk of losses attributable to changes in interest rates) and credit risk (the risk that the issuer of a debt instrument will default or otherwise become unable, or be perceived to be unable or unwilling, to honor a financial
obligation, such as making payments to the Fund when due). Convertible securities also react to changes in the value of the common stock into which they convert, and are thus subject to market risk (the risk that the market values of securities or
other investments that the Fund holds will fall, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, or fail to rise). Because the value of a convertible security can be influenced by both interest rates and the common stocks market movements, a convertible
security generally is not as sensitive to interest rates as a similar debt instrument, and generally will not vary in value in response to other factors to the same extent as the underlying common stock. In the event of a liquidation of the issuing
company, holders of convertible securities would
|
|
|
10p |
|
TRI-CONTINENTAL CORPORATION 2016 PROSPECTUS |
typically be paid before the companys common stockholders but after holders of any senior debt obligations of the company. The Fund may be forced to convert a convertible security before it
otherwise would choose to do so, which may decrease the Funds return.
Counterparty Risk. The risk exists that a
counterparty to a financial instrument held by the Fund or by a special purpose or structured vehicle in which the Fund invests may become insolvent or otherwise fail to perform its obligations due to financial difficulties, including making
payments to the Fund. The Fund may obtain no or limited recovery in a bankruptcy or other organizational proceedings, and any recovery may be significantly delayed. Transactions that the Fund enters into may involve counterparties in the financial
services sector and, as a result, events affecting the financial services sector may cause the Funds share value to fluctuate.
Credit Risk. Credit risk is the risk that the value of security or instrument may decline if the issuer thereof defaults or otherwise becomes unable or unwilling, or is perceived to
be unable or unwilling, to honor its financial obligations, such as making payments to the Fund when due. Various factors could affect the actual or perceived willingness or ability of the issuer to make timely interest or principal payments,
including changes in the financial condition of the issuer or in general economic conditions. Rating agencies assign credit ratings to certain fixed-income instruments to indicate their credit risk. Lower quality or unrated securities held by the
Fund may present increased credit risk as compared to higher-rated securities. Non-investment grade fixed-income instruments (commonly called high-yield or junk) may be subject to greater price fluctuations and are more
likely to experience a default than investment grade fixed-income instruments and therefore may expose the Fund to increased credit risk. If the Fund purchases unrated fixed-income securities, or if the ratings of such investments held by the Fund
are lowered after purchase, the Fund will depend on analysis of credit risk more heavily than usual.
Derivatives Risk.
Derivatives may involve significant risks. Derivatives are financial instruments, traded on an exchange or in the over-the-counter (OTC) markets, with a value in relation to, or derived from, the value of an underlying asset(s) (such as a
security, commodity or currency) or other reference, such as an index, rate or other economic indicator (each an underlying reference). Derivatives may include those that are privately placed or otherwise exempt from SEC registration, including that
certain Rule 144A eligible securities maybe derivatives. Derivatives could result in Fund losses if the underlying references do not perform as anticipated. Use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that can involve investment techniques,
risks, and tax planning different from those associated with more traditional investment instruments. A Funds derivatives strategy may not be successful and use of certain derivatives could result in substantial, potentially unlimited, losses
to the Fund regardless of the Funds actual investment. A relatively small movement in the price, rate or other economic indicator associated with the underlying reference may result in substantial loss for the Fund. Derivatives may be more
volatile than other types of investments. Derivatives can increase the Funds risk exposure to underlying references and their attendant risks, including the risk of an adverse credit event associated with the underlying reference (credit
risk), the risk of adverse movement in the value, price or rate of the underlying reference (market risk), the risk of adverse movement in the value of underlying currencies (foreign currency risk) and the risk of adverse movement in underlying
interest rates (interest rate risk). Derivatives may expose the Fund to additional risks, including the risk of loss because a derivative position is imperfectly correlated with the underlying reference it is intended to hedge or replicate
(correlation risk), the risk that a counterparty will fail to perform as agreed (counterparty risk), the risk that a hedging strategy may fail to mitigate losses, and may offset gains (hedging risk), the risk that losses may be greater than the
amount invested (leverage risk), the risk that the Fund may be unable to sell an investment at an advantageous time or price (liquidity risk), the risk that the investment may be difficult to value (pricing risk), and the risk that the price or
value of the investment fluctuates significantly over short periods of time (volatility risk). The value of derivatives may be influenced by a variety of factors, including national and international political and economic developments. Potential
changes to the regulation of the derivatives markets may make derivatives more costly, may limit the market for derivatives, or may otherwise adversely affect the value or performance of derivatives.
Derivatives Risk Futures Contracts Risk. A futures contract is an exchange-traded derivative
transaction between two parties in which a buyer (holding the long position) agrees to pay a fixed price (or rate) at a specified future date for delivery of an underlying reference from a seller (holding the short position).
The seller hopes that the market price on the delivery date is less than the agreed upon price, while the buyer hopes for the contrary. Certain futures contract markets are highly volatile, and futures contracts may be illiquid. Futures exchanges
may limit fluctuations in futures contract prices by imposing a maximum permissible daily price movement. The Fund may be disadvantaged if it is prohibited from executing a trade outside the daily permissible price movement. At or prior to maturity
of a futures contract, the Fund may enter into an offsetting contract and may incur a loss to the extent there has been adverse movement in futures contract prices. The liquidity of the futures markets depends on participants entering into
offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery. To the extent participants make or take delivery, liquidity in the futures market could be reduced. Positions in futures contracts may be closed out only on the exchange on which they
were entered into or through a linked exchange, and no secondary market exists for such contracts. Futures positions are marked to market each day and variation margin payment must be paid to or by a Fund. Because of the low margin deposits normally
required in futures trading, a high degree of leverage is typical of a futures trading account. As a result, a
|
|
|
|
|
TRI-CONTINENTAL CORPORATION 2016 PROSPECTUS |
|
|
11p |
|
relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in substantial losses to the Fund, exceeding the amount of the margin paid. For certain types of futures contracts, losses are
potentially unlimited. Futures markets are highly volatile and the use of futures may increase the volatility of the Funds net asset value. Futures contracts executed on foreign exchanges may not provide the same protection as U.S. exchanges.
Futures contracts can increase the Funds risk exposure to underlying references and their attendant risks, such as credit risk, market risk, foreign currency risk and interest rate risk, while also exposing the Fund to correlation risk,
counterparty risk, hedging risk, leverage risk, liquidity risk, pricing risk and volatility risk.
Emerging Market
Securities Risk. Securities issued by foreign governments or companies in emerging market countries are more likely to have greater exposure to the risks of investing in foreign securities that are described in Foreign Securities Risk.
In addition, emerging market countries are more likely to experience instability resulting, for example, from rapid changes or developments in social, political, economic or other conditions. Their economies are usually less mature and their
securities markets are typically less developed with more limited trading activity (i.e., lower trading volumes and less liquidity) than more developed countries. Emerging market securities tend to be more volatile than securities in more developed
markets. Many emerging market countries are heavily dependent on international trade and have fewer trading partners, which makes them more sensitive to world commodity prices and economic downturns in other countries. Some emerging market countries
have a higher risk of currency devaluations, and some of these countries may experience periods of high inflation or rapid changes in inflation rates and may have hostile relations with other countries.
Foreign Securities Risk. Investments in or exposure to foreign securities involve certain risks not associated with investments in
or exposure to securities of U.S. companies. For example, foreign markets can be extremely volatile. Foreign securities may also be less liquid than securities of U.S. companies so that the Fund may, at times, be unable to sell foreign securities at
desirable times or prices. Brokerage commissions, custodial costs and other fees are also generally higher for foreign securities. The Fund may have limited or no legal recourse in the event of default with respect to certain foreign securities,
including those issued by foreign governments. In addition, foreign governments may impose withholding or other taxes on the Funds income, capital gains or proceeds from the disposition of foreign securities, which could reduce the Funds
return on such securities. In some cases such withholding or other taxes could potentially be confiscatory. Other risks include: possible delays in the settlement of transactions or in the payment of income; generally less publicly available
information about foreign companies; the impact of economic, political, social, diplomatic or other conditions or events; possible seizure, expropriation or nationalization of a company or its assets or the assets of a particular investor or
category of investors; accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards that may be less comprehensive and stringent than those applicable to domestic companies; the imposition of economic and other sanctions against a particular foreign
country, its nationals or industries or businesses within the country; and the generally less stringent standard of care to which local agents may be held in the local markets. In addition it may be difficult to obtain reliable information about the
securities and business operations of certain foreign issuers. Governments or trade groups may compel local agents to hold securities in designated depositories that are not subject to independent evaluation. The less developed a countrys
securities market is, the greater the level of risks. The risks posed by sanctions against a particular foreign country, its nationals or industries or businesses within the country may be heightened to the extent the Fund invests significantly in
the affected country or region or in issuers from the affected country that depend on global markets.
Frequent Trading
Risk. The Fund may actively and frequently trade investments in the Funds portfolio to carry out its investment strategies. Frequent trading can mean higher brokerage and other transaction costs, which could reduce the Funds return.
The trading costs associated with portfolio turnover may adversely affect the Funds performance.
High-Yield
Investments Risk. Securities and other debt instruments held by the Fund that are rated below investment grade (commonly called high-yield or junk bonds) and unrated debt instruments of comparable quality
tend to be more sensitive to credit risk than higher-rated debt instruments and may experience greater price fluctuations in response to perceived changes in the ability of the issuing entity or obligor to pay interest and principal when due than to
changes in interest rates. These investments are generally more likely to experience a default than higher-rated debt instruments. High-yield debt instruments are considered to be predominantly speculative with respect to the issuers capacity
to pay interest and repay principal. These debt instruments typically pay a premium a higher interest rate or yield because of the increased risk of loss, including default. High-yield debt instruments may require a greater degree of
judgment to establish a price, may be difficult to sell at the time and price the Fund desires, may carry high transaction costs, and also are generally less liquid than higher-rated debt instruments. The ratings provided by third party rating
agencies are based on analyses by these ratings agencies of the credit quality of the debt instruments and may not take into account every risk related to whether interest or principal will be timely repaid. In adverse economic and other
circumstances, issuers of lower-rated debt instruments are more likely to have difficulty making principal and interest payments than issuers of higher-rated debt instruments.
Interest Rate Risk. Interest rate risk is the risk of losses attributable to changes in interest rates. In general, if prevailing interest rates rise, the values of
fixed-income instruments tend to fall, and if interest rates fall, the values of fixed-income instruments tend to rise. Changes in the value of a fixed-income instrument usually will not affect the amount of income the Fund receives from it
but will generally affect the value of the Funds shares. In general, the longer the maturity or duration of a debt
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12p |
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TRI-CONTINENTAL CORPORATION 2016 PROSPECTUS |
instrument, the greater its sensitivity to changes in interest rates. Interest rate declines also may increase prepayments of debt obligations, which, in turn, would increase prepayment risk.
Similarly, a period of rising interest rates may negatively impact the Funds performance. Actions by governments and central banking authorities can result in increases in interest rates. Such actions may negatively affect the value of
fixed-income instruments held by the Fund, resulting in a negative impact on the Funds performance and NAV. Any interest rate increases could cause the value of the Funds investments in fixed-income instruments to decrease. Rising
interest rates may prompt redemptions from the Fund, which may force the Fund to sell investments at a time when it is not advantageous to do so, which could result in losses.
Issuer Risk. An issuer in which the Fund invests or to which it has exposure may perform poorly, and therefore, the value of its securities may decline, which would negatively
affect the Funds performance. Poor performance may be caused by poor management decisions, competitive pressures, breakthroughs in technology, reliance on suppliers, labor problems or shortages, corporate restructurings, fraudulent
disclosures, natural disasters or other events, conditions or factors.
Leverage and its Risks: Senior securities
issued or money borrowed to raise funds for investment have a prior fixed dollar claim on the Funds assets and income. Any gain in the value of securities purchased or income received in excess of the cost of the amount borrowed or interest or
dividends payable causes the net asset value of the Funds Common Stock or the income available to it to increase more than otherwise would be the case. Conversely, any decline in the value of securities purchased or income received on them
that is less than the asset or income claims of the senior securities or cost of borrowed money causes the net asset value of the Common Stock or income available to it to decline more sharply than would be the case if there were no prior claim.
Funds obtained through senior securities or borrowings thus create investment opportunity, but they also increase exposure to risk. This influence ordinarily is called leverage. As of February 29, 2016, the only senior securities of
the Fund outstanding were 752,140 shares of its $2.50 Cumulative Preferred Stock, $50 par value. The dividend rate as of February 29, 2016 on the Preferred Stock was $2.50 per annum payable quarterly. Based on the net asset value of the
Funds Common Stock on February 29, 2016, the Funds portfolio requires an annual return of 0.13% in order to cover dividend payments on the Preferred Stock. For a description of such payments, see Description of Capital
Stock. The following table illustrates the effect of leverage relating to presently outstanding Preferred Stock on the return available to a holder of the Funds Common Stock.
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Assumed return on portfolio (net of expenses) |
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-10% |
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-5% |
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0% |
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5% |
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10% |
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Corresponding return to common stockholder |
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-10.39% |
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-5.26% |
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-0.13% |
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5.00% |
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10.13% |
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The purpose of the table above is to assist you in understanding the effects of leverage caused by
the Funds Preferred Stock. The percentages appearing in the table are hypothetical. Actual returns may be greater or less than those shown above.
The use of leverage creates certain risks for the Funds Common Stockholders, including the greater likelihood of higher volatility of the Funds return, its net asset value and
the market price of the Funds Common Stock. Changes in the value of the Funds total assets will have a disproportionate effect on the net asset value per share of Common Stock because of the Funds leveraged assets. For example, if
the Fund was leveraged equal to 50% of the Funds Common Stock equity, it would show an approximately 1.5% increase or decline in net asset value for each 1% increase or decline in the value of its total assets. An additional risk of leverage
is that the cost of the leverage plus applicable Fund expenses may exceed the return on the transactions undertaken with the proceeds of the leverage, thereby diminishing rather than enhancing the return to the Funds Common Stockholders. These
risks generally would make the Funds return to Common Stockholders more volatile. The Fund also may be required to sell investments in order to make interest payments on borrowings used for leverage when it may be disadvantageous to do so.
Because the fees received by the Investment Manager are based on the net assets of the Fund (including assets attributable to the Funds Preferred Stock and borrowings that may be outstanding), the Investment Manager has a financial incentive
for the Fund to maintain the Preferred Stock or use borrowings, which may create a conflict of interest between the Investment Manager, on the one hand, and the Common Stockholders on the other hand.
Market Risk. Market risk refers to the possibility that the market values of securities or other investments that the Fund holds
will fall, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, or fail to rise. The value of Fund investments may fall or fail to rise because of a variety of actual or perceived factors affecting an issuer (e.g., an unfavorable earnings report), the industry
or sector in which it operates, or the market as a whole, which may reduce the value of an investment in the Fund. Accordingly, an investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods. The market values of the securities the Fund holds
can be affected by changes or perceived changes in U.S. or foreign economies and financial markets, and the liquidity of these securities, among other factors. In general, commodity investments tend to have greater price volatility than debt
securities. In addition, commodity prices may be sensitive to rising interest rates, as the cost of capital rises and borrowing costs increase.
Preferred Stock Risk. Preferred stock is a type of stock that generally pays dividends at a specified rate and that has preference over common stock in the payment of dividends and
the liquidation of assets. Preferred stock does not ordinarily carry voting rights. The price of a preferred stock is generally determined by earnings, type of products or services, projected growth rates, experience of management, liquidity, and
general market conditions of the markets on which the stock trades. The most
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TRI-CONTINENTAL CORPORATION 2016 PROSPECTUS |
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13p |
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significant risks associated with investments in preferred stock include issuer risk, market risk and interest rate risk (i.e., the risk of losses attributable to changes in interest rates).
Quantitative Model Risk. The Fund may use quantitative methods to select investments. Securities or other investments
selected using quantitative methods may perform differently from the market as a whole or from their expected performance for many reasons, including factors used in building the quantitative analytical framework, the weights placed on each factor,
and changing sources of market returns, among others. Any errors or imperfections in the Fund portfolio managers quantitative analyses or models, or in the data on which they are based, could adversely affect the portfolio managers
effective use of such analyses or models, which in turn could adversely affect the Funds performance. It is not possible or practicable for a manager to factor all relevant, available data into quantitative model forecasts and/or trading
decisions. Quantitative managers will use their discretion to determine what data to gather with respect to an investment strategy and what data the models will take into account to produce forecasts that may have an impact on ultimate trading
decisions. Shareholders should be aware that there is no guarantee that a quantitative manager will use any specific data or type of data in making trading decisions on behalf of the Fund, nor is there any guarantee that the data actually utilized
in generating forecasts or making trading decisions on behalf of the Fund will be the most accurate data available or free from errors. There can be no assurance that these methodologies will enable the Fund to achieve its objective.
Management of the Fund
PRIMARY SERVICE PROVIDERS
The Fund enters into contractual
arrangements with various parties, including, among others, the Investment Manager, the Service Agent and the Funds custodian, who provide services to the Fund. These contractual arrangements are between the Fund and the third-parties,
including the service providers. Stockholders are not parties to, or intended to be third-party beneficiaries of, any of these contractual arrangements. The contractual arrangements are not intended to create in any individual stockholder or group
of stockholders any right, including the right to enforce such arrangements against the service providers or to seek any remedy thereunder against the service providers, either directly or on behalf of the Fund.
This prospectus provides information concerning the Fund that you should consider in determining whether to purchase shares of the Fund.
None of this prospectus, the SAI or any contract that is an exhibit to the Funds registration statement is intended to give rise to any agreement or contract between the Fund and any investor, or give rise to any contract or other rights in
any individual stockholder, group of stockholders or other person. Nothing in the previous sentence should be read to suggest any waiver of any rights under federal or state securities laws.
The Investment Manager and the Service Agent are affiliates of Ameriprise Financial. They and their affiliates currently provide key services, including investment advisory,
administration, stockholder servicing, transfer agency and dividend paying services, to the Fund and various other funds, including the Columbia Funds, and are paid for providing these services. These service relationships are described below.
THE INVESTMENT MANAGER
Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC is located at 225 Franklin Street, Boston, MA 02110 and serves as investment adviser and administrator to the Columbia Funds, which includes
the Fund. The Investment Manager is a registered investment adviser and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ameriprise Financial. The Investment Managers management experience covers all major asset classes, including equity securities, fixed-income
securities and money market instruments. In addition to serving as an investment adviser to traditional mutual funds, exchange-traded funds and another closed-end fund, the Investment Manager acts as an investment adviser for itself, its affiliates,
individuals, corporations, retirement plans, private investment companies and financial intermediaries.
Subject to oversight
by the Board, the Investment Manager manages the day-to-day operations of the Fund, determining what securities and other investments the Fund should buy or sell and executing portfolio transactions. The Investment Manager may use the research and
other capabilities of its affiliates and third parties in managing the Funds investments. The Investment Manager is also responsible for overseeing the administrative operations of the Fund, including the general supervision of the Funds
operations, the coordination of the Funds service providers and the provision of related clerical and administrative services.
Under a Management Agreement between Columbia Management and the Fund (the Management Agreement), the Fund pays the Investment Manager a fee for its management services, which
include investment advisory services and administrative services. The fee is calculated as a percentage of the average daily net assets of the Fund and is paid monthly. The management fee is 0.415% of the Funds net assets (which includes
assets attributable to the Funds Common Stock and Preferred Stock) on the first $500 million, gradually reducing to 0.385% as assets increase. Prior to the date of this prospectus, the Fund paid the Investment Manager an advisory fee under an
investment management services agreement and a separate administrative fee under an administrative services agreement.
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14p |
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TRI-CONTINENTAL CORPORATION 2016 PROSPECTUS |
For the year ended December 31, 2015, advisory fees paid to the Investment Manager by
the Fund under the investment management services agreement (exclusive of the administrative services fee) amounted to 0.364% (expressed as a percentage of the Funds average daily net assets attributable to Common Stock). For the year ended
December 31, 2015, administrative services fees paid to the Investment Manager by the Fund under the administrative services agreement (exclusive of the investment management services fee) amounted to 0.06% (expressed as a percentage of the
Funds average daily net assets attributable to Common Stock).
The Management Agreement was originally entered
into on May 1, 2016 and will continue in full force and effect and from year to year thereafter if such continuance is approved in the manner required by the 1940 Act (i.e., by a vote of a majority of the Board or of the outstanding voting
securities of the Fund and by a vote of a majority of Funds directors who are not parties to the Management Agreement or interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any such party). The Management Agreement may be terminated
by either the Fund or Columbia Management at any time by giving the other party 60 days written notice of such intention to terminate, provided that any termination shall be made without the payment of any penalty, and provided further
that termination may be effected either by the Board or by a vote of the majority of the outstanding voting shares of the Fund. The Management Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment, as such term is defined in the
1940 Act.
Under the Management Agreement, the Fund also pays taxes, brokerage commissions and nonadvisory expenses, which
include custodian fees and charges; fidelity bond premiums; certain legal fees; registration fees for shares, as necessary; consultants fees; compensation of Board members, officers and employees not employed by the Investment Manager or its
affiliates; corporate filing fees; organizational expenses; expenses incurred in connection with lending securities; interest and fee expense related to the Funds participation in inverse floater structures; and expenses properly payable by
the Fund, approved by the Board.
A discussion regarding the basis for the Boards approval of the investment management
services agreement and the combination of the Funds investment management services agreement with the Funds administrative services agreement into the Funds Management Agreement, each with the Investment Manager, is available in
the Funds Semi-Annual Report for the period ending June 30, 2015.
Portfolio Managers. The
portfolio managers responsible for the Funds day-to-day management are:
Brian M. Condon, Co-Portfolio Manager
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Managed the Fund since May 2010. |
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Joined the investment manager in May 2010 when it acquired the long-term asset management business of Columbia Management Group, where
he worked as an investment professional since 1999. |
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Began investment career in 1993. |
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BA from Bryant University and MS in finance from Bentley University. |
Peter Albanese, Co-Portfolio Manager
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Managed the Fund since August 2014. |
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Joined the investment manager in August 2014 as a Senior Portfolio Manager. |
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Previously, Mr. Albanese was employed by Robeco Investment Management from 2003 to 2013, where he was a managing director and senior
portfolio manager. |
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Began investment career in 1991. |
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BS from Stony Brook University and an MBA from the Stern School of Business at New York University. |
Yan Jin, Co-Portfolio Manager
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Managed the Fund since March 2012. |
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Joined the investment manager in 2010 when it acquired the long-term asset management business of Columbia Management Group, where he
worked as an investment professional since 2002. |
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Began investment career in 1998. |
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MA in economics from North Carolina State University. |
David L. King, Co-Portfolio Manager
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Managed the Fund since April 2011. |
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Joined the investment manager in May 2010 when it acquired the long-term asset management business of Columbia Management Group, where
he worked as an investment professional since March 2010. |
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Previously, Mr. King was employed by Putnam Investments from 1983 to 2008, where he was a senior portfolio manager.
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Began his investment career in 1983. |
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BS from the University of New Hampshire and an MBA from Harvard Business School. |
The SAI provides additional information about portfolio manager compensation, management of other accounts and ownership of shares in the
Fund.
Board Services Corporation. The Fund has an agreement with Board Services Corporation (Board
Services) located at 901 Marquette Avenue South, Suite 2810, Minneapolis, MN 55402. This agreement sets forth the terms of Board Services
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TRI-CONTINENTAL CORPORATION 2016 PROSPECTUS |
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15p |
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responsibility to serve as an agent of the Columbia funds, which includes the Fund, for purposes of administering the payment of compensation to each independent Board member, to provide office
space for use by the funds and their boards, and to provide any other services to the boards or the independent members, as may be reasonably requested.
Transfer, Stockholder Service and Dividend Paying Agent. Columbia Management Investment Services Corp. is the Funds transfer, stockholder service and dividend paying agent.
CMISC is located at 225 Franklin Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110.
Independent Registered Public Accounting
Firm. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP is the Funds independent registered public accounting firm. Their address is 225 South 6th Street, Minneapolis, MN 55402.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Ameriprise Financial, the parent company of
Columbia Management (the Funds investment adviser), and certain of its affiliates have historically been involved in a number of legal, arbitration and regulatory proceedings, including routine litigation, class actions, and governmental
actions, concerning matters arising in connection with the conduct of their business activities. Ameriprise Financial believes that the Fund is not currently the subject of, and that neither Ameriprise Financial nor any of its affiliates are the
subject of, any pending legal, arbitration or regulatory proceedings that are likely to have a material adverse effect on the Fund or the ability of Ameriprise Financial or its affiliates to perform under their contracts with the Fund. Information
regarding certain pending and settled legal proceedings may be found in the Funds stockholder reports and in the SAI.
Additionally, Ameriprise Financial is required to make quarterly (10-Q), annual (10-K) and, as necessary, 8-K filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission on legal and regulatory matters that relate to Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates.
Copies of these filings may be obtained by accessing the SEC website at www.sec.gov.
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16p |
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TRI-CONTINENTAL CORPORATION 2016 PROSPECTUS |
Description of Capital Stock
(a) Dividend Rights: Holders of Common Stock (Common Stockholders) are entitled to receive dividends only if and
to the extent declared by the Funds Board and only after (i) such provisions have been made for working capital and for reserves as the Board may deem advisable, (ii) full cumulative dividends at the rate of $0.625 per share per
quarterly dividend period have been paid on the Preferred Stock for all past quarterly periods and have been provided for the current quarterly period, and (iii) such provisions have been made for the purchase or for the redemption (at a price
of $55 per share) of the Preferred Stock as the Board may deem advisable. In any event, no dividend may be declared upon the Common Stock unless, at the time of such declaration, the net assets of the Fund, after deducting the amount of such
dividend and the amount of all unpaid dividends declared on the Preferred Stock, shall be at least equal to $100 per outstanding share of Preferred Stock. The equivalent figure was $1,963.48 at February 29, 2016.
(b) Voting Rights: The Preferred Stock is entitled to two votes and the Common Stock is entitled to one vote per share at all
meetings of stockholders. In the event of a default in payments of dividends on the Preferred Stock equivalent to six quarterly dividends, the Preferred Stockholders are entitled, voting separately as a class to the exclusion of Common Stockholders,
to elect two additional directors, such right to continue until all arrearages have been paid and current Preferred Stock dividends are provided for. Notwithstanding any provision of law requiring any action to be taken or authorized by the
affirmative vote of the holders of a designated portion of all the shares or of the shares of each class, such action shall be effective if taken or authorized by the affirmative vote of a majority of the aggregate number of the votes entitled to
vote thereon, except that a class vote of Preferred Stockholders is also required to approve certain actions adversely affecting their rights. Any change in the Funds fundamental policies may also be authorized by the vote of 67% of the votes
present at a meeting if the holders of a majority of the aggregate number of votes entitled to vote are present or represented by proxy.
Consistent with the requirements of Maryland law, the Funds charter provides that the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the aggregate number
of votes entitled to be cast thereon shall be necessary to authorize any of the following actions: (i) the dissolution of the Fund; (ii) a merger or consolidation of the Fund (in which the Fund is not the surviving corporation) with
(a) an open-end investment company or (b) a closed-end investment company, unless such closed-end investment
companys articles of incorporation require a two-thirds or greater proportion of the votes entitled to be cast by such companys stock to approve the types of transactions covered by clauses
(i) through (iv) of this paragraph; (iii) the sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Fund to any person (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act); or (iv) any amendment of the charter of this Fund which makes any
class of the Funds stock a redeemable security (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) or reduces the two-thirds vote required to authorize the actions listed in this paragraph. This could have the
effect of delaying, deferring or preventing changes in control of the Fund.
(c) Liquidation Rights: In the event
of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Fund, after payment to the holders of Preferred Stock (Preferred Stockholders) of an amount equal to $50 per share plus dividends accrued or in arrears, the
Common Stockholders are entitled, to the exclusion of the Preferred Stockholders, to share ratably in all the remaining assets of the Fund available for distribution to stockholders.
(d) Other Provisions: Common Stockholders do not have preemptive, subscription or conversion rights, and are not liable for further calls or assessments. The Funds Board
(other than any directors who may be elected to represent Preferred Stockholders as described above) are classified as nearly as possible into three equal classes with a maximum three-year term so that the term of one class of directors expires
annually. Such classification provides continuity of experience and stability of the Board while providing for the election of a portion of the Board each year. Such classification could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing changes
in control of the Fund.
The Board may classify or reclassify any unissued stock of any class with or without par value
(including Preferred Stock and Common Stock) into one or more classes of preference stock on a parity with, but not having preference or priority over, the Preferred Stock by fixing or altering before the issuance thereof the designations,
preferences, voting powers, restrictions and qualifications of, the fixed annual dividends on, the times and prices of redemption, the terms of conversion, the number and/or par value of the shares and other provisions of such stock to the full
extent permitted by the laws of Maryland and the Funds charter. Stockholder approval of such action is not required.
Description of Warrants
The Fund has issued and outstanding warrants (the Warrants). The Funds
charter and Warrant certificates provide that each Warrant represents the right during an unlimited time to purchase one share of Common Stock at a price of $22.50 per share, subject to increase in the number of shares purchasable and adjustment of
the price payable pursuant to provisions of the charter requiring such adjustments whenever the Fund issues any shares of Common Stock at a price less than the Warrant purchase price in effect immediately prior to issue. Each Warrant presently
entitles the holder to purchase 24.19 shares of Common Stock at
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TRI-CONTINENTAL CORPORATION 2016 PROSPECTUS |
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17p |
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$0.93 per share. There were 8,148 Warrants outstanding at February 29, 2016. Fractional shares of Common Stock are not issued upon the exercise of Warrants. In lieu thereof, the Fund issues
scrip certificates representing corresponding fractions of the right to receive a full share of Common Stock if exchanged by the end of the second calendar year following issuance or of the proceeds of the sale of a full share if surrendered during
the next four years thereafter.
Computation of Net Asset Value
Net asset value of the Common Stock is determined daily, Monday through Friday, as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock
Exchange (normally, 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) each day the New York Stock Exchange is open for trading.
Net asset value per
share of Common Stock is determined by dividing the current value of the assets of the Fund less its liabilities and the prior claim of the Preferred Stock by the total number of shares of Common Stock outstanding.
Equity securities are valued primarily on the basis of market quotations reported on stock exchanges and other securities markets around
the world. If an equity security is listed on a national exchange, the security is valued at the closing price or, if the closing price is not readily available, the mean of the closing bid and asked prices. Certain equity securities, debt
securities and other assets are valued differently. For instance, bank loans trading in the secondary market are valued primarily on the basis of indicative bids, fixed-income investments maturing in 60 days or less are valued primarily using the
amortized cost method, unless this methodology results in a valuation that does not approximate the market value of these securities, and those maturing in excess of 60 days are valued primarily using a market-based price obtained from a pricing
service, if available. Investments in open-end funds are valued at their latest NAVs. Both market quotations and indicative bids are obtained from outside pricing services approved and monitored pursuant to a policy approved by the Funds
Board. For a money market fund, the Funds investments are generally valued at amortized cost, which approximates market value.
If a market price is not readily available or is deemed not to reflect market value, the Fund will determine the price of a portfolio security based on a determination of the
securitys fair value pursuant to a policy approved by the Funds Board. In addition, the Fund may use fair valuation to price securities that trade on a foreign exchange when a significant event has occurred after the foreign exchange
closes but before the time at which the Funds net asset value share price is calculated. Foreign exchanges typically close before the time at which Fund net asset value share prices are calculated, and may be closed altogether on some days
when the Fund is open. Such significant events affecting a foreign security may include, but are not limited to: (1) corporate actions, earnings announcements, litigation or other events impacting a single issuer; (2) governmental action that
affects securities in one sector or country; (3) natural disasters or armed conflicts affecting a country or region; or (4) significant domestic or foreign market fluctuations. The Fund uses various criteria, including an evaluation of U.S. market
moves after the close of foreign markets, in determining whether a foreign securitys market price is readily available and reflective of market value and, if not, the fair value of the security. To the extent the Fund has significant holdings
of small cap stocks, high-yield bonds, floating rate loans, or tax-exempt, foreign or other securities that may trade infrequently, fair valuation may be used more frequently than for other funds.
Fair valuation may have the effect of reducing stale pricing arbitrage opportunities presented by the pricing of Fund shares. However,
when the Fund uses fair valuation to price securities, it may value those securities higher or lower than another fund would have priced the security. Also, the use of fair valuation may cause the Funds performance to diverge to a greater
degree from the performance of various benchmarks used to compare the Funds performance because benchmarks generally do not use fair valuation techniques. Because of the judgment involved in fair valuation decisions, there can be no assurance
that the value ascribed to a particular security is accurate. The Fund has retained one or more independent fair valuation pricing services to assist in the fair valuation process for foreign securities.
Dividend Policy and Taxes
Distributions: Dividends are paid quarterly on the Preferred Stock and on the Common Stock in amounts representing substantially all of the net investment income earned each
year by the Fund. Payments on the Preferred Stock are in a fixed amount, but payments on the Common Stock vary in amount, depending on investment income received and expenses of operation. In addition, substantially all of any taxable net gain
realized on investments is paid to Common Stockholders at least annually.
For stockholder accounts established after
June 1, 2007 directly with the Fund (which are serviced by the Service Agent), unless the Service Agent is otherwise instructed by you, distributions on the Common Stock are paid in book shares of Common Stock which are entered in your Fund
account as book credits. You may also elect to receive distributions 75% in shares and 25% in cash, 50% in shares and 50% in cash, or 100% in cash. Any such election must be received by the Service Agent by the record date for a
distribution. If you hold your shares of Common Stock through a financial intermediary (such as a broker), you should contact the financial intermediary to discuss your reinvestment and distribution options, as they may be different than as
described above for accounts held directly with the Fund. A distribution is treated in the same manner for income tax purposes whether you receive it in cash or partly or entirely in shares. Elections received after a record date for a distribution
will be
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18p |
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TRI-CONTINENTAL CORPORATION 2016 PROSPECTUS |
effective in respect of the next distribution. Shares issued to you in respect of distributions will be at a price equal to the lower of: (i) the closing sale or bid price, plus applicable
commission, of the Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange on the ex-dividend date or (ii) the greater of net asset value per share of the Common Stock and 95% of the closing price of the Common Stock
on the New York Stock Exchange on the ex-dividend date (without adjustment for the exercise of Warrants remaining outstanding). The issuance of Common Stock at less than net asset value per share will dilute
the net asset value of all Common Stock outstanding at that time. Distributions received by you will have the effect of reducing the net asset value of the shares of the Fund by the amount of such distributions. If the net asset value of shares is
reduced below your cost by a distribution, the distribution will be taxable as described below even though it is in effect a return of capital.
Distributions described above are subject to applicable law and the Boards right to suspend, modify or terminate the distribution policy described below in the event the Board
determines that such action would be in the best interests of the Fund. In addition, distributions will be made only when, as and if approved and declared and after paying dividends on the Preferred Stock and interest and required principal payments
on borrowings, if any.
Pursuant to the Funds earned distribution policy, the Fund, subject to appropriate approval,
intends to make quarterly distributions to Common Stockholders that are approximately equal to net investment income, less dividends payable on the Funds Preferred Stock. Capital gains, when available, are generally distributed to Common
Stockholders along with the last income dividend of the calendar year. If capital gains are earned in November or December of a calendar year, they will be distributed in the following year. Dividends and other distributions to Stockholders are
recorded on ex-dividend dates.
Taxes: The Fund intends to continue to
qualify and elect to be treated as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code. As a regulated investment company, the Fund will generally not be subject to federal income taxes on its investment company taxable income and net
capital gains realized during the year, if any, which it distributes to stockholders, provided that at least 90% of its investment company taxable income (which includes net short-term capital gains) is distributed to stockholders each year, among
other requirements.
Qualification as a registered investment company does not, of course, involve governmental supervision of
management or investment practices or policies. Investors should consult their own advisors for a complete understanding of the requirements the Fund must meet to qualify for such treatment. The information set forth below relates solely to certain
U.S. Federal tax matters applicable to the Fund and its U.S. stockholders, and assumes that the Fund qualifies as a regulated investment company.
If for any year the Fund does not qualify as a regulated investment company, all of its taxable income (including its net capital gain) will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates
without any deduction for distributions to stockholders. Such distributions will generally be taxable to the stockholders as qualified dividend income and generally will be eligible for the dividends received deduction in the case of corporate
stockholders.
Dividends on Common Stock from the Funds ordinary income and net short-term capital gains are taxable to
stockholders as ordinary income, whether received in cash or invested in additional shares. Dividends on Common Stock that the Fund reports as qualified dividend income will be taxed at a reduced rate to individuals (0%, 15%, or 20%). Qualified
dividend income is, in general, dividend income from taxable domestic corporations and certain foreign corporations (generally foreign corporations incorporated in a possession of the United States or eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive tax
treaty with the United States that meets certain requirements, or if the stock with respect to which such dividend is paid is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States). The amount of dividends that may be designated
as qualified dividend income by the Fund will generally be limited to the aggregate of the eligible dividends received by the Fund. In addition, the Fund must meet certain holding period requirements with respect to the shares on which
the Fund received the eligible dividends, and the non-corporate U.S. stockholder must meet certain holding period requirements with respect to the Funds shares.
Distributions of net capital gains (i.e., the excess of net long-term capital gains over any net short-term capital losses) are taxable to
stockholders as long-term capital gains, whether received in cash or invested in additional shares, regardless of how long you have held your shares. Individual stockholders will be subject to federal income tax on distributions report by the Fund
as capital gains dividends at preferential rates (0%, 15%, or 20%). Net capital gain of a corporate shareholder is taxed at the same rate as ordinary income.
At December 31, 2015, the Fund had a capital loss carryforward for federal income purposes of $190,492,701, of which $190,492,701 expires in 2017. Provided no limitation on its
utilization applies, such capital loss carryforward is available for offset against future taxable net gains.
Accordingly, no capital gain distributions are expected to be paid to stockholders until net capital gains have been realized in excess of
the available capital loss carryforward. There is no assurance that the Fund will be able to utilize all of its capital loss carryforward before it expires.
Dividends declared in October, November or December of a calendar year, payable to stockholders of record on a specified date in such a month and paid in the following January will be
treated as having been paid by the Fund and received by each
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TRI-CONTINENTAL CORPORATION 2016 PROSPECTUS |
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stockholder on December 31 of such calendar year. Under this rule, therefore, stockholders may be taxed in one year on dividends actually received (or reinvested) in January of the following
year.
Distributions of Common Stock will generally be treated as if the stockholder received cash in amount equal to the cash
that could have been received instead of such Common Stock. A stockholder will have a tax basis in the distributed shares of Common Stock equal to such amount and a stockholders holding period with respect to such Common Stock will begin the
day following the distribution date for the Common Stock.
Any gain or loss you realize upon a sale of Common Stock (provided
you are not a dealer in securities and hold the Common Stock as a capital asset) will generally be treated as a long-term capital gain or loss if you held your shares for more than one year and as a short-term capital gain or loss if you held your
shares for one year or less. Long-term capital gain of a non-corporate U.S. stockholder is generally taxed at preferential rates (0%, 15%, or 20%). Net capital gain of a corporate stockholder is taxed at the
same rate as ordinary income. However, if shares on which a capital gain distribution has been received are subsequently sold and such shares have been held for six months or less (after taking into account certain transactions that may affect the
holding period of the shares), any loss realized will be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of the long-term capital gain distribution. No loss will be allowed on the sale or other disposition of shares of Common Stock if, within a
period beginning 30 days before the date of such sale or disposition and ending 30 days after such date, you acquire (such as through the Automatic Dividend Investment and Cash Purchase Plan), or enter into a contract or option to acquire,
additional shares of the Fund or securities that are substantially identical to the Common Stock.
The repurchase of shares of
Common Stock by the Fund generally will be a taxable transaction for federal income tax purposes, either as a sale as described above or, under certain circumstances, as a dividend. A repurchase of shares of Common Stock generally will be treated as
a sale if the receipt of cash by the stockholder results in a complete redemption of the stockholders interest in the Fund or is substantially disproportionate or not essentially equivalent to a dividend
with respect to the stockholder. In determining whether any of these tests have been met, shares actually owned and shares considered to be owned by the stockholder by reason of certain constructive ownership rules generally must be taken into
account.
If none of the tests for sale treatment is met, the amount received by a stockholder on a repurchase of shares of
Common Stock will be taxable to the stockholder as a dividend to the extent of such stockholders allocable share of the Funds current and accumulated earnings and profits. The excess of such amount received over the portion that is
taxable as a dividend would constitute a nontaxable return of capital (to the extent of the stockholders adjusted tax basis in the shares of Common Stock repurchased), and any amount in excess of the stockholders adjusted tax basis would
constitute taxable gain. Any remaining tax basis in the shares of Common Stock repurchased by the Fund will be transferred to any remaining shares of Common Stock held by such stockholder.
Certain high-income individuals (as well as estates and trusts) are subject to a 3.8% tax on net investment income. For individuals, the 3.8% tax applies to the lesser of (1) the amount
(if any) by which the taxpayers modified adjusted gross income exceeds certain threshold amounts or (2) the taxpayers net investment income. Net investment income generally includes for this purpose dividends, including any
capital gain dividends, paid by the Fund, and net capital grains recognized on the sale or disposition of Common Stock.
The
Fund is required by federal law to withhold tax at the rate of 28% of taxable distributions and repurchase proceeds paid to you (including amounts paid to you in additional shares of Common Stock) if: you have not provided a correct taxpayer
identification number (TIN) or have not certified to the Fund that withholding does not apply; the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has notified the Fund that the TIN provided is incorrect according to its records; or the IRS informs the Fund that you
are otherwise subject to backup withholding. Any amounts withheld may be refunded or credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, provided the required information is furnished to the IRS on a timely basis.
The Fund is subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on amounts required to be paid but not distributed under a prescribed formula. The
formula requires payment to stockholders during a calendar year of distributions representing at least 98% of the Funds ordinary income for the calendar year, at least 98.2% of its net capital gain income realized during the one-year period ending on October 31 during such year, and all ordinary income and net capital gain income for prior years that was not previously distributed. The Fund intends to make sufficient distributions
or deemed distributions of its ordinary income and net capital gain income prior to the end of each calendar year to avoid liability for the excise tax, but there is no assurance that the Fund will be able to do so.
The information provided above is only a summary of certain U.S. federal tax matters that may affect your investment in Common Stock. It
is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. Your investment in Common Stock may have other tax implications. The information above does not apply to certain types of investors who may be subject to special rules, including foreign or
tax-exempt investors or those holding Common Stock through a tax-advantaged account, such as a 401(k) plan or IRA. You should consult with your own tax advisor about the particular tax consequences to you of an investment in Common Stock, including
the effect of any foreign, state and local taxes, and the effect of possible changes in applicable tax laws.
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TRI-CONTINENTAL CORPORATION 2016 PROSPECTUS |
Investment Plans and Other Services
AUTOMATIC DIVIDEND INVESTMENT AND CASH PURCHASE PLAN
The Automatic Dividend Investment and Cash Purchase Plan is available for any Common Stockholder who wishes to purchase additional shares of the Funds Common Stock with dividends or
other cash payments on shares owned, with cash dividends paid by other corporations in which stock is owned or with cash funds. The tax treatment of dividends and capital gain distributions is the same whether you take them in cash or reinvest them
to buy additional shares of the Funds Common Stock. Details of the services offered under the Plan are given in the Authorization Form for Automatic Dividend Investment and Cash Purchase Plan available at columbiathreadneedle.com/us. Under the
Plan, you appoint the Fund as your purchase agent to receive or invest such dividends and cash funds forwarded by you for your accounts in additional shares of the Funds Common Stock (after deducting a service charge), as described under
Method of Purchase below. Purchase orders received in connection with the Automatic Dividend and Cash Purchase Plan are generally priced one time per week, typically each Wednesday, subject to the potential for the suspension of such
purchases as described below under Method of Purchase. Funds forwarded by you under the Plan should be made payable to Tri-Continental Corporation and mailed (if regular mail) to Tri-Continental Corporation, P.O. Box 8099, Boston, MA 02266-8099, and (if express mail) to Tri-Continental Corporation, c/o Boston Financial Data Services,
Inc., 30 Dan Road, Suite 8099 Canton, MA 02021-2809. Checks for investment must be in U.S. dollars drawn on a domestic bank. You will be assessed a $15 fee for any checks rejected by your financial institution due to insufficient funds or other
reasons. The Fund does not accept cash, credit card convenience checks, money orders, travelers checks, starter checks, third or fourth party checks, or other cash equivalents. You should direct all correspondence concerning the Plan to Tri-Continental Corporation, P.O. Box 8099, Boston, MA 02266-8099. At present, stockholders participating in the Funds Cash Purchase Plan will pay a service fee of $2.00 for each cash purchase
transaction. There is no charge for Automatic Dividend Investment Plan. As of February 29, 2016, 12,409 stockholders, owning approximately 19,535,645 shares of Common Stock, were using the Plan. You may choose one or more of the services under the
Plan and you may change your choices (or terminate participation) at any time by notifying CMISC in writing. The Plan may be amended or terminated by written notice to Planholders.
AUTOMATED CLEARING HOUSE SERVICE
The Automated Clearing House
Service (ACH) enables you, if you are an Automatic Dividend Investment and Cash Purchase Planholder, to establish the ACH privilege that allows you to transfer money directly from your bank account by electronic funds transfer to be
invested in additional shares of Common Stock for your account. ACH is a payment transfer system that connects US financial institutions. The ACH network acts as a central clearing facility for all electronic fund transfers transactions that occur
nationwide. Important: Payments sent by electronic funds transfer, a bank authorization, or check that are not guaranteed may take up to 10 days or more to clear. If you request to sell shares before the purchase funds clear, this may cause
your request to sell shares to fail to process if the requested amount includes unguaranteed funds. If you purchased your shares by check or from your bank account as an ACH transaction, the Fund may hold the proceeds of the sale when you sell those
shares for a period of time after the receipt date of the funds.
SHARE KEEPING SERVICE
You may send certificates for shares of the Funds Common Stock to Tri-Continental
Corporation to be placed in your account. Certificates should be sent to Tri-Continental Corporation, P.O. Box 8099, Boston, MA 02266-8099, in each case with a letter requesting that they be placed
in your account. You should not sign the certificates and they should be sent by certified or registered mail. Return receipt is advisable; however, this may increase mailing time. When your certificates are received by the Service Agent, the shares
will be entered in your Fund account as book credits and shown on the account statement received from the Service Agent. If you use the Share Keeping Service, you should keep in mind that you may need a stock certificate for delivery to
a broker if you wish to sell shares. A certificate will be issued and sent to you on your written or telephone request to the Service Agent, usually within two business days of the receipt of your request. You should consider the time it takes for a
letter to arrive at the Service Agent and for a certificate to be delivered to you by mail before you choose to use this service. During such time the market price of the Common Stock may fluctuate.
TAX-DEFERRED RETIREMENT PLANS
Shares of the Fund may be purchased for:
Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) (available to current stockholders only);
Savings Incentive Match Plans for Employees (SIMPLE IRAs);
Simplified Employee Pension Plans (SEPs).
These types of
plans may be established only upon receipt of a written application form. The Fund may register an IRA investment for which an account application has not been received as an ordinary taxable account.
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TRI-CONTINENTAL CORPORATION 2016 PROSPECTUS |
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For more information, write Tri-Continental
Corporation, P.O. Box 8099, Boston, MA 02266-8099. You may also telephone toll free by dialing (800) 345-6611 option 3 in the United States, (except holidays) between the hours of 9:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. Eastern time.
METHOD OF PURCHASE
Purchases will be made by the Fund from time to time on the New York Stock Exchange or elsewhere to satisfy cash purchase investments
under the Automatic Dividend Investment and Cash Purchase Plan, tax-deferred retirement plans, and the investment plans noted above. Purchases will be suspended on any day when the closing price (or closing
bid price if there were no sales) of the Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange on the preceding trading day was higher than the net asset value per share (without adjustment for the exercise of Warrants remaining outstanding). If on the date
shares are issuable to stockholders making Cash Purchase investments under the Plan (the Issuance Date), shares previously purchased by the Fund are insufficient to satisfy Cash Purchase investments and on the last trading day
immediately preceding the Issuance Date the closing sale or bid price of the Common Stock is lower than or the same as the net asset value per share, the Fund will continue to purchase shares until a number of shares sufficient to cover all
investments by stockholders has been purchased or the closing sale or bid price of the Common Stock becomes higher than the net asset value, in which case the Fund will issue the necessary additional shares. If on the last trading date immediately
preceding the Issuance Date, the closing sale or bid price of the Common Stock was higher than the net asset value per share, and if shares of the Common Stock previously purchased on the New York Stock Exchange or elsewhere are insufficient to
satisfy Cash Purchase investments, the Fund will issue the necessary additional shares from authorized but unissued shares of the Common Stock.
Shares will be issued on the dividend payable date or the Issuance Date at a price equal to the lower of (1) the closing sale or bid price, plus applicable commission, of the Common
Stock on the New York Stock Exchange on the ex-dividend date or Issuance Date or (2) the greater of the net asset value per share of the Common Stock on such trading day (without adjustment for the
exercise of Warrants remaining outstanding) and 95% of the closing sale or bid price of the Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange on such trading day. The issuance of Common Stock at less than net asset value per share will dilute the net
asset value of all Common Stock outstanding at that time. The Common Stock has historically been priced in the market at less than its net asset value per share (i.e. at a discount).
The net proceeds to the Fund from the sale of any shares of Common Stock to the Plans will be added to its general funds and will be available for investment. The Investment Manager
anticipates that investment of any proceeds, in accordance with the Funds investment objective and policies, will take up to thirty days from their receipt by the Fund, depending on market conditions and the availability of appropriate
securities, but in no event will such investment take longer than six months. Pending such investment in accordance with the Funds objective and policies, the proceeds will be held in U.S. Government Securities (which term includes obligations
of the United States Government, its agencies or instrumentalities) and other short-term money market instruments as well as affiliated money market funds.
If you are participating in the Automatic Dividend Investment and Cash Purchase Plan and your shares are held under the Plan in book credit form, you may terminate your participation in
the Plan and receive a certificate for all or a part of your shares or have all or a part of your shares sold for you by the Fund and retain unsold shares in book credit form or receive a certificate for any shares not sold. Instructions must be
signed by all registered stockholders and should be sent to Tri-Continental Corporation, P.O. Box 8099, Boston, MA 02266-8099. If you elect to have shares sold, you will receive the proceeds from the
sale. Only participants whose shares are held in book credit form may elect upon termination of their participation in the Plan to have shares sold in the above manner. This will not affect the date on which your instruction to sell shares is
actually processed.
HOW TO SELL SHARES
Accounts Held at a Broker-Dealer. If you hold shares through a broker-dealer and you wish to sell these shares, you must do so through such broker-dealer. If you have outstanding
stock certificates, you must send your stock certificates to your broker-dealer in order to sell these shares. Please contact your broker-dealer directly for details on how to sell your shares.
Accounts Held Directly with the Fund. If your account is held directly with the Fund (direct accounts), you may sell
your shares through the Service Agent. Orders to sell direct account shares may be placed with the Service Agent via mail or telephone, each as described below. Note that direct account sell orders received in good form (as described
below) by and processed through the Service Agent are generally priced one time per week, typically each Wednesday. As such, for example, a sell order received in good form on a Thursday will not be processed (and your shares not sold)
until the following Wednesday, provided that the New York Stock Exchange is open for business on such day. If you have outstanding stock certificates, you must send your stock certificates to the Service Agent (this is one of the requirements for
your sell order to be considered received in good form). We recommend using registered mail when returning outstanding certificates for 2% of the current market value of the shares. The recommended insurance amount is based on the
premium for a lost certificate bond in the event the certificate is lost in transit.
A sell order is in good form
if the Service Agent has all of the information and documentation it deems necessary to effect your order. Certain sell orders processed through the Service Agent must be submitted in writing via letter of instructions signed by all
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TRI-CONTINENTAL CORPORATION 2016 PROSPECTUS |
registered stockholders with Medallion Signature Guarantee and any other required documents completed and attached. Please refer to Medallion Signature Guarantees for those circumstances when the
request must be in writing. For the documents required for sell orders by corporations, agents, fiduciaries, surviving joint owners and other legal entities, call 800.345.6611. Written instructions to sell your direct account shares and any stock
certificates should be sent to Tri-Continental Corporation, P. O. Box 8099, Boston, MA 02266-8099 or, for overnight delivery, to Tri-Continental Corporation, c/o Boston Financial Data Services, Inc. 30 Dan Road, Suite 8099, Canton, MA 02021-2809.
For direct account sell orders not required to be submitted in writing, you may call the Service Agent at (800) 345-6611,
option 3 and speak to a stockholder service representative about selling your shares. Telephone orders may not be as secure as written orders. The Fund and its Service Agent will take reasonable steps to confirm that telephone instructions are
genuine. For example, the Service Agent requires proof of your identification before acting on instructions received by telephone and may record telephone conversations. However, the Fund and its agents will not be responsible for any losses, costs
or expenses resulting from an unauthorized telephone instruction when reasonable steps have been taken to confirm that telephone instructions are genuine. Telephone orders may be difficult to complete during periods of significant economic or market
change or business interruption.
Proceeds from the sale of shares from your account in the Funds Common Stock may be
sent to you by electronic funds transfer or by check to the address of record subject to certain limitations. See Limitations on Purchases and Sales under the Plans section above. Proceeds may be sent to your bank account by Federal Fund Wire
(Fedwire) or via Automated Clearing House (ACH). If you wish to have your proceeds sent via Fedwire or ACH you must set up this feature prior to your request unless you are submitting your request in writing with a Medallion Signature Guarantee. The
minimum amount that may be sent by Fedwire is $500. The Service Agent charges a fee for proceeds sent by Fedwire and may waive the fee for certain accounts. The receiving bank may charge an additional fee.
MEDALLION SIGNATURE GUARANTEE
The signatures of all stockholders must be guaranteed by an eligible guarantor institution including, but not limited to, the following: banks, credit unions, savings associations, brokers
or dealers, provided that the institution participates in the Securities Transfer Association Medallion Program (STAMP), the Stock Exchange Medallion Program (SEMP) or the New York Stock Exchange Medallion Signature Program (MSP). A Medallion
Signature Guarantee helps assure that a signature is genuine and not a forgery. The institution providing the Medallion Signature Guarantee is financially liable for the transaction if the signature is a forgery. Notarization by a notary public is
not an acceptable signature guarantee. The Fund reserves the right to reject a signature guarantee in accordance with its standards and procedures.
A Medallion Signature Guarantee is required if:
1. Amount is over
$100,000.
2. You want your check made payable to someone other than yourself.
3. Your address has changed within the last 30 days.
4. You want the check mailed to an address other than the address of record.
5. You want proceeds to be sent according to existing bank instructions not coded for outgoing ACH or wire, or to a bank account not on file.
6. You are the beneficiary of the account and the stockholder is deceased.*
7. You are changing legal ownership of your account (i.e., you are changing who is/are the legal owner(s) of your account).
* Other documentation may also be required. Please contact a representative.
CMISC reserves the right to require a Medallion Signature Guarantee and additional documentation in circumstances not listed above.
SYSTEMATIC WITHDRAWAL PLAN
This Plan is available if you wish to
receive fixed payments from your investment in the Funds Common Stock in any amount at specified regular intervals. You may start a Systematic Withdrawal Plan if your shares of the Funds Common Stock have a market value of $5,000 or
more. Shares must be held in your account as book credits. The Service Agent will act for you, make payments to you in specified amounts on either the 1st or 15th day of each month, as designated by you, and maintain your account.
Payments under the Systematic Withdrawal Plan will be made by selling exactly enough full and fractional shares of Common Stock to cover
the amount of the designated withdrawal. Sales may be made on the New York Stock Exchange, to the agent or a trustee for one of the other Plans, or elsewhere. Payments from sales of shares will reduce the amount of capital at work and dividend
earning ability, and ultimately may liquidate the investment. You can cancel the plan by giving the Fund 30 days notice in writing or by calling the Service Agent at (800) 345-6611, option 3. Sales
of shares under this plan may result in gain or loss to you for income tax purposes. Withdrawals under this Plan or any similar withdrawal plan of any other investment company, concurrent with purchases of shares of the Common Stock or of shares of
any other investment company, will ordinarily be disadvantageous to the Planholder because of the payment of duplicative commissions.
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TRI-CONTINENTAL CORPORATION 2016 PROSPECTUS |
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LIMITATIONS ON PURCHASES AND SALES UNDER PLANS
Purchases and sales of shares of the Funds Common Stock through the foregoing plans (other than retirement plans) are limited to a
total of 12,500 shares transacted per calendar quarter, subject to a maximum 40,000 shares per calendar year, per account (including any related accounts, e.g., those under the same social security number or tax identification number
or otherwise under common control).
Additionally, the Funds stock repurchase program allows the Fund to repurchase up to
5% of the Funds outstanding Common Stock during the year directly from Stockholders and in the open market, provided that, with respect to shares purchased in the open market, the discount is greater than 10%. See Prospectus
Summary for more information.
STOCKHOLDER INFORMATION
The Service Agent maintains books and records for all of the Plans, and confirms transactions to stockholders. To insure prompt delivery of checks, account statements and other
information, you should notify the Service Agent immediately, in writing or over the phone, of any address changes. If mail sent by the Fund or its agent, including confirmations, statements or tax forms, is returned as undeliverable by the U.S.
Postal Service, the Fund or its agent will stop all mailings to your address of record and any subsequent systematic purchases to your account will not be permitted until you provide a valid mailing address. If you elect to receive income dividend
distribution or capital gains distributions by check and your check is returned as undeliverable by the U.S. Postal Service, the Fund or its agent will automatically reinvest the distribution and all future distributions in additional shares of the
Fund until you provide a valid mailing address. Reinvestments will receive the market offering price calculated on the date of the reinvestment. Purchase orders, including distribution reinvestments, are generally priced one time per week, typically
each Wednesday. You will not receive interest on amounts represented by uncashed distribution checks.
If you close your
account, it is important that you notify the Service Agent of any subsequent address changes to ensure that you receive a year-end statement and tax information for that year. You will be sent reports
quarterly regarding the Fund.
For information about your account held directly with the Fund you can write to Tri-Continental Corporation, P. O. Box 8099, Boston, MA 02266-8099 or the Service Agent may be telephoned Monday through Friday at (800) 345-6611, option 3 (within the
United States) (except holidays) between the hours of 9:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. Eastern time. Your call will be answered by a service representative.
24-hour automated telephone access is available by dialing (800) 345-6611 (within the United States) on a touchtone telephone, which
provides instant access to price, account balance, most recent transaction and other information. In addition, you may request Account Statements and Form 1099-DIV.
Issuance of Shares in Connection with Acquisitions
The Fund may issue shares of its Common Stock in exchange for the assets of another investment company in transactions in which the number of shares of Common Stock of the Fund to be
delivered will be generally determined by dividing the current value of the sellers assets by the current per share net asset value or market price on the New York Stock Exchange of the Common Stock of the Fund, or by an intermediate amount.
In such acquisitions, the number of shares of the Funds Common Stock to be issued will not be determined on the basis of the market price of such Common Stock if such price is lower than its net asset value per share, except pursuant to an
appropriate order of the Securities and Exchange Commission or approval by stockholders of the Fund, as required by law.
Some
or all of the stock so issued may be sold from time to time by the recipients or their stockholders through brokers in ordinary transactions on stock exchanges at current market prices. The Fund has been advised that such sellers may be deemed to be
underwriters as that term is defined in the 1933 Act.
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TRI-CONTINENTAL CORPORATION 2016 PROSPECTUS |
TABLE OF CONTENTS OF THE STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
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SAI PRIMER |
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2 |
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ABOUT THE FUND |
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4 |
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ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT POLICIES |
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5 |
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ABOUT FUND INVESTMENTS |
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7 |
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Types of Investments |
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7 |
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Information Regarding Risks |
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43 |
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Lending of Portfolio Securities |
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65 |
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INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AND OTHER SERVICES |
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67 |
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The Investment Manager |
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67 |
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Potential Conflicts of Interest |
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68 |
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Structure of Compensation |
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70 |
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The Administrator |
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70 |
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Other Services Provided |
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71 |
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Other Roles and Relationships of Ameriprise Financial and Its Affiliates Certain Conflicts of
Interest |
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71 |
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Codes of Ethics |
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74 |
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Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures |
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75 |
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FUND GOVERNANCE |
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77 |
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Board of Directors and Officers |
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77 |
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Compensation |
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86 |
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BROKERAGE ALLOCATION AND RELATED PRACTICES |
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88 |
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General Brokerage Policy, Brokerage Transactions and Broker Selection |
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88 |
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Brokerage Commissions |
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91 |
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Directed Brokerage |
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92 |
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Securities of Regular Broker-Dealers |
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92 |
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TAXATION |
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93 |
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CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES |
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104 |
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INFORMATION REGARDING PENDING AND SETTLED LEGAL PROCEEDINGS |
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105 |
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OTHER INFORMATION |
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106 |
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Conduct of the Funds Business |
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106 |
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM ON FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE |
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107 |
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APPENDIX A DESCRIPTION OF RATINGS |
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A-1 |
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APPENDIX B PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES |
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B-1 |
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TRI-CONTINENTAL CORPORATION 2016 PROSPECTUS |
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Additional information about the Fund and its investments is available in the Funds SAI, and annual and semiannual reports to stockholders.
In the Funds annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds performance during its last fiscal year. The SAI is incorporated by reference in this
prospectus. For a free copy of the SAI, the annual report or the semiannual report, contact the Fund directly or your financial intermediary. To make a stockholder inquiry, contact the financial intermediary through whom you purchased the
Funds securities.
Tri-Continental Corporation
P.O. Box 8099
Boston, MA 02266-8099
Information is also available at columbiathreadneedle.com/us
Information about the Fund, including the SAI, can be viewed at the Securities and Exchange Commissions (Commission) Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. (for information about the public
reference room call 1-202-551-8090). Reports and other information about the Fund are available on the EDGAR Database on the
Commissions Internet site at www.sec.gov. Copies of this information may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following E-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by
writing to the Commissions Public Reference Section, Washington, D.C. 20549-1520.
Investment Company Act File #811-00266
TICKER SYMBOL: TY
PRO240_12_F01_(05/16)
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
May 1, 2016
Tri-Continental Corporation
(the “Fund”)
225 Franklin Street
Boston, MA 02110
Toll-Free Telephone: (800) 345-6611, option 3
Unless the context indicates otherwise, references herein to
“each Fund,” “the Fund,” “a Fund,” “the Funds” or “Funds” refers to the Fund listed above.
This Statement of Additional Information (SAI)
is not a prospectus, is not a substitute for reading any prospectus and is intended to be read in conjunction with the Fund’s current prospectus dated the same date as this SAI. The most recent annual report
for the Fund, which includes the Fund’s audited financial statements for the period ended December 31, 2015, is incorporated by reference into this SAI.
Copies of the Fund's current prospectus and annual and
semiannual reports may be obtained without charge by writing or calling the Fund at the Fund’s stockholder servicing agent, Columbia Management Investment Services Corp. (“CMISC” or the “Service Agent”) at P.O. Box
8099, Boston, Massachusetts 02266-8099 or at the telephone number above. The SAI, as well as the Fund’s most recent annual and semiannual reports are also available at www.columbiathreadneedle.com/us.
A registration statement relating to these securities has been
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
Table of Contents
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106
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107
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A-1
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B-1
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Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
1
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SAI PRIMER
The SAI is a part of the Fund's registration
statement that is filed with the SEC. The registration statement includes the Fund's prospectus, the SAI and certain exhibits. The SAI, and any supplements to it, can be found online at www.columbiathreadneedle.com/us and/or by accessing the
SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
For purposes of any electronic version of this SAI,
all references to websites, or universal resource locators (URLs), are intended to be inactive and are not meant to incorporate the contents of any such website or URL into this SAI.
The SAI generally provides additional information
about the Fund that is not required to be in the Fund's prospectus. The SAI expands discussions of certain matters described in the Fund's prospectus and provides certain additional information about the Fund that may be of interest to some
investors. Among other things, the SAI provides information about:
■
|
the Fund's
investments; |
■
|
the Fund's
investment adviser, investment subadviser(s) (if any) and other service providers, including roles and relationships of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates, and conflicts of interest; |
■
|
the governance of
the Fund; |
■
|
the Fund's
brokerage practices; and |
■
|
the
application of U.S. federal income tax laws. |
Investors may find this information important and
helpful. If you have any questions about the Fund, please call Columbia Funds at 800.345.6611, option 3 or contact your financial advisor.
Before reading the SAI, you should consult the
Glossary below, which defines certain of the terms used in the SAI.
Glossary
1933
Act |
Securities
Act of 1933, as amended |
1934
Act |
Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended |
1940
Act |
Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended |
Administrative
Services Agreement |
The
Administrative Services Agreement, as amended, if applicable, between the Fund and the Investment Manager |
Ameriprise
Financial |
Ameriprise
Financial, Inc. |
Board
|
The
Board of Directors |
Board
Services |
Board
Services Corporation |
Business
Day |
Any
day on which the NYSE is open for business |
CEA
|
Commodity
Exchange Act |
CFTC
|
The
United States Commodities Futures Trading Commission |
CMOs
|
Collateralized
mortgage obligations |
Code
|
Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended |
Codes
of Ethics |
The
codes of ethics adopted by the Fund, the Investment Manager, Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc. (the distributor of the open-end funds (other than the Columbia ETFs) in the Columbia Fund Family) and/or any sub-adviser, as applicable,
pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act |
Columbia
Funds Complex |
The
fund complex that is comprised of the registered investment companies advised by the Investment Manager or its affiliates |
Columbia
Funds or Columbia Fund Family |
The
open-end and closed-end investment management companies, including the Fund, advised by the Investment Manager or its affiliates or principally underwritten by Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc. |
Columbia
Management |
Columbia
Management Investment Advisers, LLC |
Custodian
|
JPMorgan
Chase Bank, N.A. |
Director(s)
|
One
or more of the Board’s Directors |
FDIC
|
Federal
Deposit Insurance Corporation |
FHLMC
|
The
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation |
Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
2
|
Fitch
|
Fitch,
Inc. |
FNMA
|
Federal
National Mortgage Association |
GNMA
|
Government
National Mortgage Association |
Independent
Directors |
The
Directors of the Board who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund |
Interested
Directors |
The
Directors of the Board who are currently deemed to be “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund |
Investment
Management Services Agreement |
The
Investment Management Services Agreement, as amended, between the Fund and the Investment Manager |
Investment
Manager |
Columbia
Management Investment Advisers, LLC |
IRS
|
United
States Internal Revenue Service |
JPMorgan
|
JPMorgan
Chase Bank, N.A., the Fund's custodian |
LIBOR
|
London
Interbank Offered Rate |
Management
Agreement |
The
Management Agreement, as amended, between the Fund and the Investment Manager |
Moody’s
|
Moody’s
Investors Service, Inc. |
NRSRO
|
Nationally
recognized statistical ratings organization (for example, Moody’s, Fitch or S&P) |
NYSE
|
New
York Stock Exchange |
Previous
Adviser |
Columbia
Management Advisors, LLC, the investment adviser of certain Columbia Funds prior to May 1, 2010 when Ameriprise Financial acquired the long-term asset management business of the Previous Adviser, which is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Bank
of America. |
REIT
|
Real
estate investment trust |
REMIC
|
Real
estate mortgage investment conduit |
S&P
|
Standard
& Poor’s, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“Standard & Poor’s” and “S&P” are trademarks of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. and have been licensed for use by the Investment Manager. The
Columbia Funds are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by Standard & Poor’s and Standard & Poor’s makes no representation regarding the advisability of investing in the Columbia Funds) |
SAI
|
This
Statement of Additional Information, as amended and supplemented from time-to-time |
SEC
|
United
States Securities and Exchange Commission |
Service
Agent |
Columbia
Management Investment Services Corp. |
Shares
|
Shares
of the Fund |
Stockholder
Service Agent Agreement |
The
Stockholder Service Agent Agreement, as amended, between the Fund and the Service Agent |
Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
3
|
ABOUT THE FUND
The Fund is a closed-end management investment
company registered under the 1940 Act and located at 225 Franklin Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110.
The Fund was organized as a Maryland corporation in
1929 by the consolidation of two predecessor corporations. The Fund’s Common Stock is listed primarily on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “TY.”
Fund
|
Fiscal
Year End |
Prospectus
Date |
Diversified*
|
Tri-Continental
Corporation |
December
31 |
5/1/2016
|
Yes
|
*
|
A “diversified”
Fund may not, with respect to 75% of its total assets, invest more than 5% of its total assets in securities of any one issuer or purchase more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer, except obligations issued or guaranteed
by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities and except securities of other investment companies. A “non-diversified” Fund may invest a greater percentage of its total assets in the securities of fewer issuers than a
“diversified” fund, which increases the risk that a change in the value of any one investment held by the Fund could affect the overall value of the Fund more than it would affect that of a “diversified” fund holding a
greater number of investments. Accordingly, a “non-diversified” Fund’s value will likely be more volatile than the value of a more diversified fund. The Fund does not consider futures or swaps central counterparties where the Fund
has exposure to such central counterparties in the course of making investments in futures and securities, to be issuers. |
Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
4
|
ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT POLICIES
The investment objectives and policies of the Fund
are set forth in the Prospectus. Certain additional investment information is set forth below. Defined terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings ascribed to them in the Prospectus.
Unless otherwise noted in a Fund’s prospectus
or this SAI, whenever an investment policy or limitation states a maximum percentage of a Fund’s assets that may be invested in any security or other asset, or sets forth a policy regarding an investment standard, compliance with such
percentage limitation or standard will be determined solely at the time of the Fund’s acquisition of such security or asset (Time of Purchase Standard). Thus, a Fund may continue to hold a security even though it causes the Fund to exceed a
percentage limitation because of fluctuation in the value of the Fund’s assets.
Notwithstanding any of a Fund’s other
investment policies, the Fund, subject to certain limitations, may invest its assets in another investment company. These underlying funds have adopted their own investment policies that may be more or less restrictive than those of the Fund.
Fundamental Policies
The Fund’s stated fundamental policies, which
may not be changed without a vote of stockholders, are listed below. Within the limits of these fundamental policies, the Manager has reserved freedom of action. The Fund:
(1)
|
may issue senior
securities such as bonds, notes or other evidences of indebtedness if immediately after issuance the net assets of the Fund provide 300% coverage of the aggregate principal amount of all bonds, notes or other evidences of indebtedness and that
amount does not exceed 150% of the capital and surplus of the Fund; |
(2)
|
may issue senior
equity securities on a parity with, but not having preference or priority over, the Preferred Stock if immediately after issuance its net assets are equal to at least 200% of the aggregate amount (exclusive of any dividends accrued or in arrears) to
which all shares of the Preferred Stock, then outstanding, shall be entitled as a preference over the Common Stock in the event of voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Fund; |
(3)
|
may borrow money
for substantially the same purposes as it may issue senior debt securities, subject to the same restrictions and to any applicable limitations prescribed by law; |
(4)
|
may engage in the
business of underwriting securities either directly or through majority-owned subsidiaries subject to any applicable restrictions and limitations prescribed by law; |
(5)
|
does not intend to
concentrate its assets in any one industry although it may from time to time invest up to 25% of the value of its assets, taken at market value, in a single industry; |
(6)
|
may not, with
limited exceptions, purchase and sell real estate directly but may do so through majority-owned subsidiaries, so long as its real estate investments do not exceed 10% of the value of the Fund’s total assets; |
(7)
|
may not purchase
or sell commodities or commodity contracts; and |
(8)
|
may
make money loans (subject to restrictions imposed by law and by charter) (a) only to its subsidiaries, (b) as incidents to its business transactions or (c) for other purposes. The Fund will not lend securities if the total of all such loans would
exceed 33 1⁄3% of the Fund’s total assets, except this fundamental investment
policy shall not prohibit the Fund from purchasing money market securities, loans, loan participation or other debt securities, or from entering into repurchase agreements, and it may make loans represented by repurchase agreements, so long as such
loans do not exceed 10% of the value of total assets. |
If the Fund issues senior
securities, the Fund may not, to the extent required by the 1940 Act, declare dividends (except dividends payable in stock of the Fund) or other distributions on stock or purchase its stock (including through tender offers) if, immediately after
doing so, it will have an asset coverage ratio of less than 300% or 200%, as applicable.
During its last three fiscal years, the Fund did
not: (a) issue senior securities; (b) borrow any money; (c) underwrite securities; (d) concentrate investments in particular industries or groups of industries; (e) purchase or sell real estate, commodities, or commodity contracts; or (f) make money
loans.
Non-fundamental Policies
The following non-fundamental
policies may be changed by the Board at any time and may be in addition to those described in the Fund's prospectus.
Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
5
|
Investment in Illiquid Securities
No more than 15% of the net assets of any Fund will be held in
securities and other instruments that are illiquid. “Illiquid Securities” are defined in accordance with the SEC staff’s current guidance and interpretations which provide that an illiquid security is a security which may not be
sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the value at which the Fund has valued the security. Compliance with this limitation is not measured under the Time of Purchase Standard.
Investment in Other Investment Companies
The Funds may not purchase securities of other investment companies
except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief.
Summary of 1940 Act Restrictions on Certain
Activities
Certain
of the Fund’s fundamental and, if any, non-fundamental policies set forth above prohibit transactions “except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief.” The
following discussion summarizes the flexibility that the Fund currently gains from these exceptions. To the extent the 1940 Act or the rules and regulations thereunder may, in the future, be amended to provide greater flexibility, or to the extent
the SEC may in the future grant exemptive relief providing greater flexibility, the Fund will be able to use that flexibility without seeking shareholder approval of its fundamental policies.
Investing in other investment companies – The
1940 Act, in summary, provides that a fund generally may not: (i) purchase more than 3% of the outstanding voting stock of another investment company; (ii) purchase securities issued by another registered investment company representing more than 5%
of the investing fund’s total assets; and (iii) purchase securities issued by investment companies that in the aggregate represent more than 10% of the acquiring fund’s total assets (the “3, 5 and 10 Rule”). Affiliated
funds-of-funds (i.e., those funds that invest in other funds within the same fund family), with respect to investments in such affiliated underlying funds, are not subject to the 3, 5 and 10 Rule and, therefore, may invest in affiliated underlying
funds without restriction. A fund-of-funds may also invest its assets in unaffiliated funds, but the fund-of-funds generally may not purchase more than 3% of the outstanding voting stock of any one unaffiliated fund. Additionally, certain exceptions
to these limitations apply to investments in money market mutual funds. If shares of the Fund are purchased by an affiliated fund beyond the 3, 5 and 10 Rule in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act, for so long as shares of the Fund are
held by such other affiliated fund, the Fund will not purchase securities of a registered open-end investment company or registered unit investment trust in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(F) or Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act.
Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
6
|
ABOUT FUND INVESTMENTS
The Fund’s investment objective, principal
investment strategies and related principal risks are discussed in the Fund’s prospectus. The Fund’s prospectus identifies the types of securities in which the Fund invests principally and summarizes the principal risks to the
Fund’s portfolio as a whole associated with such investments. Unless otherwise indicated in the prospectus or this SAI, the investment objective and policies of a Fund may be changed without shareholder approval.
To the extent that a type of security identified in
the table below for a Fund is not described in the Fund’s prospectus (or as a sub-category of such security type in this SAI), the Fund generally invests in such security type, if at all, as part of its non-principal investment
strategies.
Information about individual types
of securities (including certain of their associated risks) in which some or all of the Funds may invest is set forth below. The Fund may invest in these types of securities, subject to its investment objective and fundamental and non-fundamental
investment policies. A Fund is not required to invest in any or all of the types of securities listed below.
Certain Investment Activity Limits. The overall investment and other activities of the Investment Manager and its affiliates may limit the investment opportunities for the Fund in certain markets, industries or transactions or in
individual issuers where limitations are imposed upon the aggregate amount of investment by the Fund and other accounts managed by the Investment Manager and accounts of its affiliates (collectively, affiliated investors). From time to time, the
Fund’s activities also may be restricted because of regulatory restrictions applicable to the Investment Manager and its affiliates and/or because of their internal policies. See Investment Management and Other Services – Other
Roles and Relationships of Ameriprise Financial and its Affiliates – Certain Conflicts of Interest.
Temporary Defensive Positions. Each Fund may from time to time take temporary defensive investment positions that may be inconsistent with the Fund’s principal investment strategies in attempting to respond to adverse market,
economic, political, social or other conditions, including, without limitation investing some or all of its assets in money market instruments or shares of affiliated or unaffiliated money market funds or holding some or all of its assets in cash or
cash equivalents. The Fund may take such defensive investment positions for as long a period as deemed necessary.
Other Strategic and Investment Measures. A Fund may also from time to time take temporary portfolio positions that may or may not be consistent with the Fund’s principal investment strategies in
attempting to respond to adverse market, economic, political, social or other conditions, including, without limitation, investing in derivatives, such as futures (e.g., index futures) or options on futures, for various purposes, including among others, investing in particular derivatives to achieve indirect investment exposure to a sector, country or region where the
Investment Manager (or Fund subadviser, if applicable) believes such defensive positioning is appropriate. Each Fund may do so without limit and for as long a period as deemed necessary, when the Investment Manager or the Fund’s subadviser, if
applicable: (i) believes that market conditions are not favorable for profitable investing or to avoid losses, (ii) is unable to locate favorable investment opportunities; or (iii) determines that a temporary defensive position is advisable or
necessary in order to meet anticipated redemption requests, or for other reasons. While the Fund is so positioned, derivatives could comprise a substantial portion of the Fund’s investments and the Fund may not achieve its investment
objective. Investing in this manner may adversely affect Fund performance. During these times, the portfolio managers may make frequent portfolio holding changes, which could result in increased trading expenses and taxes and decreased Fund
performance.
Types of Investments
Type
of Investment |
Tri-Continental
Corporation |
Asset-Backed
Securities |
Yes
|
Bank
Obligations (Domestic and Foreign) |
Yes
|
Collateralized
Bond Obligations |
Yes
|
Commercial
Paper |
Yes
|
Common
Stock |
Yes
|
Convertible
Securities |
Yes
|
Corporate
Debt Securities |
Yes
|
Custody
Receipts and Trust Certificates |
Yes
|
Debt
Obligations |
Yes
|
Depositary
Receipts |
Yes
|
Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
7
|
Type
of Investment |
Tri-Continental
Corporation |
Derivatives
|
Yes
|
Dollar
Rolls |
Yes
|
Equity-Linked
Notes |
Yes
|
Eurodollar
and Yankee Dollar and Related Derivative Instruments |
Yes
|
Event-Linked
Instruments/Catastrophe Bonds |
Yes
|
Exchange-Traded
Notes |
Yes
|
Foreign
Currency Transactions |
Yes
|
Foreign
Securities |
Yes
|
Guaranteed
Investment Contracts (Funding Agreements) |
Yes
|
High-Yield
Securities |
Yes
|
Illiquid
Securities |
Yes
|
Inflation
Protected Securities |
Yes
|
Initial
Public Offerings |
Yes
|
Inverse
Floaters |
Yes
|
Investment
in Other Investment Companies (Including ETFs) |
Yes
|
Listed
Private Equity Funds |
Yes
|
Money
Market Instruments |
Yes
|
Mortgage-Backed
Securities |
Yes
|
Municipal
Securities |
Yes
|
Participation
Interests |
Yes
|
Partnership
Securities |
Yes
|
Preferred
Stock |
Yes
|
Private
Placement and Other Restricted Securities |
Yes
|
Real
Estate Investment Trusts |
Yes
|
Repurchase
Agreements |
Yes
|
Reverse
Repurchase Agreements |
Yes
|
Short
Sales |
Yes
|
Sovereign
Debt |
Yes
|
Standby
Commitments |
Yes
|
Stripped
Securities |
Yes
|
Trust-Preferred
Securities |
Yes
|
U.S.
Government and Related Obligations |
Yes
|
Variable-
and Floating-Rate Obligations |
Yes
|
Warrants
and Rights |
Yes
|
When-Issued,
Delayed Delivery and Forward Commitment Transactions |
Yes
|
Zero-Coupon,
Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities |
Yes
|
Asset-Backed
Securities
Asset-backed securities represent interests in, or
debt instruments that are backed by, pools of various types of assets that generate cash payments generally over fixed periods of time, such as, among others, motor vehicle installment sales, contracts, installment loan contracts, leases of various
types of real and personal property, and receivables from revolving (credit card) agreements. Such securities entitle the security holders to receive distributions (i.e., principal and interest) that are tied
to the payments made by the borrower on the underlying assets (less fees paid to the originator, servicer, or other parties, and fees paid for credit enhancement), so that the payments made on the underlying assets effectively pass through to such
security holders. Asset-backed securities typically are created by an originator of loans or owner of accounts receivable that sells such underlying assets to a special purpose entity in a process called a securitization. The special purpose entity
issues securities that are backed
Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
8
|
by the payments on the underlying assets, and have a minimum
denomination and specific term. Asset-backed securities may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. Collateralized
loan obligations (CLOs) are but one example of an asset-backed security. See Types of Investments – Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Types of Investments – Zero-Coupon,
Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Types of Investments – Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Although one or more of the other risks described in
this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with asset-backed securities include: Credit Risk, Interest Rate Risk, Liquidity Risk and Prepayment and Extension Risk.
Bank Obligations (Domestic and Foreign)
Bank obligations include certificates of deposit, bankers’
acceptances, time deposits and promissory notes that earn a specified rate of return and may be issued by (i) a domestic branch of a domestic bank, (ii) a foreign branch of a domestic bank, (iii) a domestic branch of a foreign bank or (iv) a foreign
branch of a foreign bank. Bank obligations may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations. See Types of Investments – Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations for
more information.
Certificates of deposit, or
so-called CDs, typically are interest-bearing debt instruments issued by banks and have maturities ranging from a few weeks to several years. Yankee dollar certificates of deposit are negotiable CDs issued in the United States by branches and
agencies of foreign banks. Eurodollar certificates of deposit are CDs issued by foreign banks with interest and principal paid in U.S. dollars. Eurodollar and Yankee Dollar CDs typically have maturities of less than two years and have interest rates
that typically are pegged to the London Interbank Offered Rate or LIBOR. See Types of Investments – Eurodollar and Yankee Dollar and Related Derivative Instruments. Bankers’
acceptances are time drafts drawn on and accepted by banks, are a customary means of effecting payment for merchandise sold in import-export transactions and are a general source of financing. A time deposit can be either a savings account or CD
that is an obligation of a financial institution for a fixed term. Typically, there are penalties for early withdrawals of time deposits. Promissory notes are written commitments of the maker to pay the payee a specified sum of money either on
demand or at a fixed or determinable future date, with or without interest.
Bank investment contracts are issued by banks.
Pursuant to such contracts, a Fund may make cash contributions to a deposit fund of a bank. The bank then credits to the Fund payments at floating or fixed interest rates. A Fund also may hold funds on deposit with its custodian for temporary
purposes.
Certain bank obligations, such as
some CDs, are insured by the FDIC up to certain specified limits. Many other bank obligations, however, are neither guaranteed nor insured by the FDIC or the U.S. Government. These bank obligations are “backed” only by the
creditworthiness of the issuing bank or parent financial institution. Domestic and foreign banks are subject to different governmental regulation. Accordingly, certain obligations of foreign banks, including Eurodollar and Yankee dollar obligations,
involve different and/or heightened investment risks than those affecting obligations of domestic banks, including, among others, the possibilities that: (i) their liquidity could be impaired because of political or economic developments; (ii) the
obligations may be less marketable than comparable obligations of domestic banks; (iii) a foreign jurisdiction might impose withholding and other taxes at high levels on interest income; (iv) foreign deposits may be seized or nationalized; (v)
foreign governmental restrictions such as exchange controls may be imposed, which could adversely affect the payment of principal and/or interest on those obligations; (vi) there may be less publicly available information concerning foreign banks
issuing the obligations; and (vii) the reserve requirements and accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices and requirements applicable to foreign banks may differ (including, less stringent) from those applicable to domestic
banks. Foreign banks generally are not subject to examination by any U.S. Government agency or instrumentality. See Types of Investments – Foreign Securities.
Although
one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with bank obligations include: Counterparty Risk, Credit Risk, Interest Rate Risk, Issuer Risk, Liquidity Risk, and Prepayment and Extension
Risk.
Collateralized Bond Obligations
Collateralized bond obligations (CBOs) are investment grade bonds
backed by a pool of bonds, which may include junk bonds (which are considered speculative investments). CBOs are similar in concept to collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs), but differ in that CBOs represent different degrees of credit quality
rather than different maturities. (See Types of Investments – Mortgage-Backed Securities and – Asset-Backed Securities.) CBOs are often privately offered and sold, and thus not registered under the federal securities laws.
Underwriters of CBOs package a large and diversified
pool of high-risk, high-yield junk bonds, which is then structured into “tranches.” Typically, the first tranche represents a senior claim on collateral and pays the lowest interest rate; the second tranche is junior to the first tranche
and therefore subject to greater risk and pays a higher rate; the third tranche is junior to both the first and second tranche, represents the lowest credit quality and instead of receiving a fixed interest rate receives the residual interest
payments — money that is left over after the higher tranches have been paid. CBOs, like CMOs, are substantially
Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
9
|
overcollateralized and this, plus the diversification of the pool
backing them, may earn certain of the tranches investment-grade bond ratings. Holders of third-tranche CBOs stand to earn higher or lower yields depending on the rate of defaults in the collateral pool. See Types of Investments – High-Yield Securities.
Although one or more of the other
risks described in this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with CBOs include: Credit Risk, Interest Rate Risk, Liquidity Risk, High-Yield Securities Risk and Prepayment and Extension Risk.
Commercial Paper
Commercial paper is a short-term debt obligation, usually sold on a
discount basis, with a maturity ranging from 2 to 270 days issued by banks, corporations and other borrowers. It is sold to investors with temporary idle cash as a way to increase returns on a short-term basis. These instruments are generally
unsecured, which increases the credit risk associated with this type of investment. See Types of Investments — Debt Obligations and Types of Investments — Illiquid Securities. See
Appendix A for a discussion of securities ratings.
Although one or more of the other risks described in
this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with commercial paper include: Credit Risk and Liquidity Risk.
Common Stock
Common stock represents a unit of equity ownership of a
corporation. Owners typically are entitled to vote on the selection of directors and other important corporate governance matters, and to receive dividend payments, if any, on their holdings. However, ownership of common stock does not entitle
owners to participate in the day-to-day operations of the corporation. Common stocks of domestic and foreign public corporations can be listed, and their shares traded, on domestic stock exchanges, such as the NYSE or the NASDAQ Stock Market.
Domestic and foreign corporations also may have their shares traded on foreign exchanges, such as the London Stock Exchange or Tokyo Stock Exchange. See Types of Investments – Foreign
Securities. Common stock may be privately placed or publicly offered. The price of common stock is generally determined by corporate earnings, type of products or services offered, projected growth rates, experience of management, liquidity,
and market conditions generally. In the event that a corporation declares bankruptcy or is liquidated, the claims of secured and unsecured creditors and owners of bonds and preferred stock take precedence over the claims of those who own common
stock. See Types of Investments – Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities – Preferred Stock and – Convertible
Securities for more information.
Although one or more of the other risks described in
this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with common stock include: Issuer Risk and Market Risk.
Convertible Securities
Convertible securities include
bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stocks or other securities that may be converted or exchanged (by the holder or by the issuer) into shares of the underlying common stock (or cash or securities of equivalent value) at a stated exchange ratio or
predetermined price (the conversion price). As such, convertible securities combine the investment characteristics of debt securities and equity securities. A holder of convertible securities is entitled to receive the income of a bond, debenture or
note or the dividend of a preferred stock until the conversion privilege is exercised. The market value of convertible securities generally is a function of, among other factors, interest rates, the rates of return of similar nonconvertible
securities and the financial strength of the issuer. The market value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates rise and, conversely, to rise as interest rates decline. However, a convertible security’s market value tends to
reflect the market price of the common stock of the issuing company when that stock price approaches or is greater than its conversion price. As the market price of the underlying common stock declines, the price of the convertible security tends to
be influenced more by the rate of return of the convertible security. Because both interest rate and common stock’s market movements can influence their value, convertible securities generally are not as sensitive to changes in interest rates
as similar non-convertible debt securities nor generally as sensitive to changes in share price as the underlying common stock. Convertible securities may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind
and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Types of Investments – Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, – Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon
Securities, – Common Stock, – Corporate Debt Securities and– Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Certain convertible securities may have a mandatory
conversion feature, pursuant to which the securities convert automatically into common stock or other equity securities (of the same or a different issuer) at a specified date and at a specified exchange ratio. Certain convertible securities may be
convertible at the option of the issuer, which may require a holder to convert the security into the underlying common stock, even at times when the value of the underlying common stock or other equity security has declined substantially. In
addition, some convertible securities may be rated below investment grade or may not be rated and, therefore, may be considered speculative investments. Companies that issue convertible securities frequently are small- and mid-capitalization
companies and, accordingly, carry the risks associated with such companies. In addition, the credit
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rating of a company’s convertible securities generally is
lower than that of its conventional debt securities. Convertible securities are senior to equity securities and have a claim to the assets of an issuer prior to the holders of the issuer’s common stock in the event of liquidation but generally
are subordinate to similar non-convertible debt securities of the same issuer. Some convertible securities are particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates when their predetermined conversion price is much higher than the price for the
issuing company’s common stock.
Although
one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with convertible securities include: Convertible Securities Risk, Interest Rate Risk, Issuer Risk, Market Risk, Prepayment and Extension Risk, and
Reinvestment Risk.
Corporate Debt
Securities
Corporate debt securities are long and short term
fixed income securities typically issued by businesses to finance their operations. Corporate debt securities are issued by public or private companies, as distinct from debt securities issued by a government or its agencies. The issuer of a
corporate debt security often has a contractual obligation to pay interest at a stated rate on specific dates and to repay principal periodically or on a specified maturity date. Corporate debt securities typically have four distinguishing features:
(1) they are taxable; (2) they have a par value of $1,000; (3) they have a term maturity, which means they come due at a specified time period; and (4) many are traded on major securities exchanges. Notes, bonds, debentures and commercial paper are
the most common types of corporate debt securities, with the primary difference being their interest rates, maturity dates and secured or unsecured status. Commercial paper has the shortest term and usually is unsecured, as are debentures. The broad
category of corporate debt securities includes debt issued by domestic or foreign companies of all kinds, including those with small-, mid- and large-capitalizations. The category also includes bank loans, as well as assignments, participations and
other interests in bank loans. Corporate debt securities may be rated investment grade or below investment grade and may be structured as fixed-, variable or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities and may
be privately placed or publicly offered. They may also be senior or subordinated obligations. See Appendix A for a discussion of securities ratings. See Types of Investments – Variable- and
Floating-Rate Obligations, Types of Investments – Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities, Types of Investments – Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities, Types of Investments – Debt Obligations, Types of
Investments – Commercial Paper and Types of Investments – High-Yield Securities for more information.
Extendible commercial notes (ECNs) are very similar
to commercial paper except that, with ECNs, the issuer has the option to extend the notes’ maturity. ECNs are issued at a discount rate, with an initial redemption of not more than 90 days from the date of issue. If ECNs are not redeemed by
the issuer on the initial redemption date, the issuer will pay a premium (step-up) rate based on the ECN’s credit rating at the time.
Because of the wide range of types and maturities of
corporate debt securities, as well as the range of creditworthiness of issuers, corporate debt securities can have widely varying risk/return profiles. For example, commercial paper issued by a large established domestic corporation that is rated by
an NRSRO as investment grade may have a relatively modest return on principal but present relatively limited risk. On the other hand, a long-term corporate note issued, for example, by a small foreign corporation from an emerging market country that
has not been rated by an NRSRO may have the potential for relatively large returns on principal but carries a relatively high degree of risk.
Although one or more of the other
risks described in this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with corporate debt securities include: Credit Risk, Interest Rate Risk, Issuer Risk, High-Yield Securities Risk, Prepayment and Extension Risk and Reinvestment Risk.
Custody Receipts and Trust Certificates
Custody receipts and trust certificates are derivative products
that evidence direct ownership in a pool of securities. Typically, a sponsor will deposit a pool of securities with a custodian in exchange for custody receipts evidencing interests in those securities. The sponsor generally then will sell the
custody receipts or trust certificates in negotiated transactions at varying prices. Each custody receipt or trust certificate evidences the individual securities in the pool and the holder of a custody receipt or trust certificate generally will
have all the rights and privileges of owners of those securities.
Although one or more of the other risks described in
this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with custody receipts and trust certificates include: Liquidity Risk and Counterparty Risk. In addition, custody receipts and trust certificates generally are subject to the same risks as the
securities evidenced by the receipts or certificates.
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Debt Obligations
Many different types of debt obligations exist (for example, bills,
bonds, and notes). Issuers of debt obligations have a contractual obligation to pay interest at a fixed, variable or floating rate on specified dates and to repay principal by a specified maturity date. Certain debt obligations (usually intermediate
and long-term bonds) have provisions that allow the issuer to redeem or “call” a bond before its maturity. Issuers are most likely to call these securities during periods of falling interest rates. When this happens, an investor may have
to replace these securities with lower yielding securities, which could result in a lower return.
The market value of debt obligations is affected
primarily by changes in prevailing interest rates and the issuer’s perceived ability to repay the debt. The market value of a debt obligation generally reacts inversely to interest rate changes. When prevailing interest rates decline, the
market value of the bond usually rises, and when prevailing interest rates rise, the market value of the bond usually declines.
In general, the longer the maturity of a debt
obligation, the higher its yield and the greater the sensitivity to changes in interest rates. Conversely, the shorter the maturity, the lower the yield and the lower the sensitivity to changes in interest rates.
As noted, the values of debt obligations also may be
affected by changes in the credit rating or financial condition of their issuers. Generally, the lower the quality rating of a security, the higher the degree of risk as to the payment of interest and return of principal. To compensate investors for
taking on such increased risk, those issuers deemed to be less creditworthy generally must offer their investors higher interest rates than do issuers with better credit ratings. See Types of
Investments – Corporate Debt Securities, Types of Investments – High-Yield Securities. See Types of Investments – Trust-Preferred Securities for information with
respect to the trust-preferred or trust-issued securities.
Determining Investment Grade for Purposes of
Investment Policies. Unless otherwise stated in the Fund’s prospectus, when determining, under a Fund’s investment policies, whether a debt instrument is investment grade or below
investment grade for purposes of purchase by the Fund, the Fund will apply a particular credit quality rating methodology, as described within the Fund’s shareholder reports, when available. These methodologies typically make use of credit
quality ratings assigned by a third-party rating agency or agencies, when available. Credit quality ratings assigned by a rating agency are subjective opinions, not statements of fact, and are subject to change, including daily. Credit quality
ratings apply to the Fund’s debt instrument investments and not the Fund itself.
Ratings limitations under a Fund’s investment
policies are applied at the time of purchase by a Fund. Subsequent to purchase, a debt instrument may cease to be rated by a rating agency or its rating may be reduced by a rating agency(ies) below the minimum required for purchase by a Fund.
Neither event will require the sale of such debt instrument, but it may be a factor in considering whether to continue to hold the instrument. Unless otherwise stated in a Fund’s prospectus or in this SAI, a Fund may invest in debt instruments
that are not rated by a rating agency. When a debt instrument is not rated by a rating agency, the Investment Manager or, as applicable, a Fund subadviser determines, at the time of purchase, whether such debt instrument is of investment grade or
below investment grade (e.g., junk bond) quality. A Fund’s debt instrument holdings that are not rated by a rating agency are typically referred to as “Not Rated” within the Fund’s shareholder reports.
See Appendix A for a discussion of securities
ratings.
Although one or more of the other
risks described in this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with debt obligations include: Confidential Information Access Risk, Credit Risk, Highly Leveraged Transactions Risk, Impairment of Collateral Risk, Interest Rate Risk,
Issuer Risk, Liquidity Risk, Prepayment and Extension Risk and Reinvestment Risk.
Determining Average Maturity. When determining the average maturity of a Fund's portfolio, the Fund may use the effective maturity of a portfolio security by, among other things, adjusting for interest rate reset dates, call dates
or “put” dates.
Depositary
Receipts
See Types of Investments – Foreign Securities below.
Derivatives
General
Derivatives are financial instruments whose values are based on (or
“derived” from) traditional securities (such as a stock or a bond), assets (such as a commodity, like gold), reference rates (such as LIBOR), market indices (such as the S& P 500® Index) or customized baskets of securities or instruments. Some forms of derivatives, such as exchange-traded futures and options on securities,
commodities, or indices, are traded on regulated exchanges. These types of derivatives are standardized contracts that can easily be bought and sold, and whose market values are determined and published daily. Non-standardized derivatives, on the
other hand, tend to be more specialized or complex, and may be harder to value. Many derivative instruments often require little or no initial payment and therefore often create inherent economic leverage. Derivatives, when used properly, can
enhance
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returns and be useful in hedging portfolios and managing risk. Some
common types of derivatives include futures; options; options on futures; forward foreign currency exchange contracts; forward contracts on securities and securities indices; linked securities and structured products; CMOs; swap agreements and
swaptions.
A Fund may use derivatives for a
variety of reasons, including, for example: (i) to enhance its return; (ii) to attempt to protect against possible unfavorable changes in the market value of securities held in or to be purchased for its portfolio resulting from securities markets
or currency exchange rate fluctuations (i.e., to hedge); (iii) to protect its unrealized gains reflected in the value of its portfolio securities; (iv) to facilitate the sale of such securities for investment
purposes; (v) to reduce transaction costs; (vi) to manage the effective maturity or duration of its portfolio; and/or (vii) to maintain cash reserves while remaining fully invested.
A Fund may use any or all of the above investment
techniques and may purchase different types of derivative instruments at any time and in any combination. The use of derivatives is a function of numerous variables, including market conditions. See also Types of Investments – Warrants and Rights and When Issued, Delayed Delivery and Forward Commitment Transactions.
Although one or more of the other
risks described in this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with transactions in derivatives (including the derivatives instruments discussed below) include: Counterparty Risk, Credit Risk, Interest Rate Risk, Leverage Risk, Liquidity
Risk, Market Risk, Derivatives Risk, Derivatives Risk – Forward Contracts Risk, Derivatives Risk – Futures Contracts Risk, Derivatives Risk – Inverse Floaters Risk, Derivatives Risk – Options Risk, Derivatives Risk –
Structured Investments Risk and/or Derivatives Risk – Swaps Risk.
Indexed or Linked Securities (Structured
Products)
General. Indexed or linked securities, also often referred to as “structured products,” are instruments that may have varying combinations of equity and debt characteristics. These instruments are
structured to recast the investment characteristics of the underlying security or reference asset. If the issuer is a unit investment trust or other special purpose vehicle, the structuring will typically involve the deposit with or purchase by such
issuer of specified instruments (such as commercial bank loans or securities) and/or the execution of various derivative transactions, and the issuance by that entity of one or more classes of securities (structured securities) backed by, or
representing interests in, the underlying instruments. The cash flow on the underlying instruments may be apportioned among the newly issued structured securities to create securities with different investment characteristics, such as varying
maturities, payment priorities and interest rate provisions, and the extent of such payments made with respect to structured securities is dependent on the extent of the cash flow on the underlying instruments.
Indexed and Inverse Floating Rate Securities. A Fund may invest in securities that provide a potential return based on a particular index or interest rates. For example, a Fund may invest in debt securities that pay interest based on an index of
interest rates. The principal amount payable upon maturity of certain securities also may be based on the value of the index. To the extent a Fund invests in these types of securities, a Fund’s return on such securities will rise and fall with
the value of the particular index: that is, if the value of the index falls, the value of the indexed securities owned by a Fund will fall. Interest and principal payable on certain securities may also be based on relative changes among particular
indices.
A Fund may also invest in
so-called “inverse floaters” or “residual interest bonds” on which the interest rates vary inversely with a floating rate (which may be reset periodically by a dutch auction, a remarketing agent, or by reference to a
short-term tax-exempt interest rate index). A Fund may purchase synthetically-created inverse floating rate bonds evidenced by custodial or trust receipts. A trust funds the purchase of a bond by issuing two classes of certificates: short-term
floating rate notes (typically sold to third parties) and the inverse floaters (also known as residual certificates). No additional income beyond that provided by the trust’s underlying bond is created; rather, that income is merely divided-up
between the two classes of certificates. Generally, income on inverse floating rate bonds will decrease when interest rates increase, and will increase when interest rates decrease. Such securities can have the effect of providing a degree of
investment leverage, since they may increase or decrease in value in response to changes in market interest rates at a rate that is a multiple of the actual rate at which fixed-rate securities increase or decrease in response to such changes. As a
result, the market values of such securities will generally be more volatile than the market values of fixed-rate securities. To seek to limit the volatility of these securities, a Fund may purchase inverse floating obligations that have
shorter-term maturities or that contain limitations on the extent to which the interest rate may vary. Certain investments in such obligations may be illiquid. Furthermore, where such a security includes a contingent liability, in the event of an
adverse movement in the underlying index or interest rate, a Fund may be required to pay substantial additional margin to maintain the position.
Credit-Linked Securities. Among the income-producing securities in which a Fund may invest are credit linked securities. The issuers of these securities frequently are limited purpose trusts or other special purpose vehicles
that, in turn, invest in a derivative instrument or basket of derivative instruments, such as credit default swaps, interest rate swaps and other securities, in order to provide exposure to certain fixed income markets. For instance, a Fund may
invest in credit-linked securities as a cash management tool in order to gain exposure to a certain market and/or to remain fully invested when more traditional income-producing securities are not available. Like an investment in a bond, investments
in these credit linked securities represent the
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right to receive periodic income payments (in the form of
distributions) and payment of principal at the end of the term of the security. However, these payments are conditioned on or linked to the issuer’s receipt of payments from, and the issuer’s potential obligations to, the counterparties
to the derivative instruments and other securities in which the issuer invests. For instance, the issuer may sell one or more credit default swaps, under which the issuer would receive a stream of payments over the term of the swap agreements
provided that no event of default has occurred with respect to the referenced debt obligation upon which the swap is based. If a default occurs, the stream of payments may stop and the issuer would be obligated to pay the counterparty the par (or
other agreed upon value) of the referenced debt obligation. This, in turn, would reduce the amount of income and/or principal that a Fund would receive. A Fund’s investments in these securities are indirectly subject to the risks associated
with derivative instruments. These securities generally are exempt from registration under the 1933 Act. Accordingly, there may be no established trading market for the securities and they may constitute illiquid investments.
Index-, Commodity- and Currency-Linked Securities. “Index-linked” or “commodity-linked” notes are debt securities of companies that call for interest payments and/or payment at maturity in different terms than the typical note
where the borrower agrees to make fixed interest payments and to pay a fixed sum at maturity. Principal and/or interest payments on an index-linked or commodity-linked note depend on the performance of one or more market indices, such as the S&P
500® Index, a weighted index of commodity futures such as crude oil, gasoline and natural gas or the market prices of a particular commodity or
basket of commodities or securities. Currency-linked debt securities are short-term or intermediate-term instruments having a value at maturity, and/or an interest rate, determined by reference to one or more foreign currencies. Payment of principal
or periodic interest may be calculated as a multiple of the movement of one currency against another currency, or against an index.
Index-, commodity- and currency-linked securities
may entail substantial risks. Such instruments may be subject to significant price volatility. The company issuing the instrument may fail to pay the amount due on maturity. The underlying investment may not perform as expected by a Fund’s
portfolio manager. Markets and underlying investments and indexes may move in a direction that was not anticipated by a Fund’s portfolio manager. Performance of the derivatives may be influenced by interest rate and other market changes in the
United States and abroad, and certain derivative instruments may be illiquid.
Linked securities are often issued by unit
investment trusts. Examples of this include such index-linked securities as S&P Depositary Receipts (SPDRs), which is an interest in a unit investment trust holding a portfolio of securities linked to the S&P 500® Index, and a type of exchange-traded fund (ETF). Because a unit investment trust is an investment company under the 1940 Act, a Fund’s
investments in SPDRs are subject to the limitations set forth in Section 12(d)(1)(A) of the 1940 Act, although the SEC has issued exemptive relief permitting investment companies such as the Funds to invest beyond the limits of Section 12(d)(1)(A)
subject to certain conditions. SPDRs generally closely track the underlying portfolio of securities, trade like a share of common stock and pay periodic dividends proportionate to those paid by the portfolio of stocks that comprise the S&P 500® Index. As a holder of interests in a unit investment trust, a Fund would indirectly bear its ratable share of that unit investment trust’s
expenses. At the same time, a Fund would continue to pay its own management and advisory fees and other expenses, as a result of which a Fund and its shareholders in effect would be absorbing levels of fees with respect to investments in such unit
investment trusts.
Because linked securities
typically involve no credit enhancement, their credit risk generally will be equivalent to that of the underlying instruments. Investments in structured products may be structured as a class that is either subordinated or unsubordinated to the right
of payment of another class. Subordinated linked securities typically have higher rates of return and present greater risks than unsubordinated structured products. Structured products sometimes are sold in private placement transactions and often
have a limited trading market.
Investments in
linked securities have the potential to lead to significant losses because of unexpected movements in the underlying financial asset, index, currency or other investment. The ability of a Fund to utilize linked securities successfully will depend on
its ability correctly to predict pertinent market movements, which cannot be assured. Because currency-linked securities usually relate to foreign currencies, some of which may be currencies from emerging market countries, there are certain
additional risks associated with such investments.
Futures Contracts and Options on Futures
Contracts
Futures
Contracts. A futures contract sale creates an obligation by the seller to deliver the type of security or other asset called for in the contract at a specified delivery time for a stated price. A
futures contract purchase creates an obligation by the purchaser to take delivery of the type of security or other asset called for in the contract at a specified delivery time for a stated price. The specific security or other asset delivered or
taken at the settlement date is not determined until on or near that date. The determination is made in accordance with the rules of the exchange on which the futures contract was made. A Fund may enter into futures contracts which are traded on
national or foreign futures exchanges and are standardized as to maturity date and underlying security or other asset. Futures exchanges and trading in the United States are regulated under the CEA by the CFTC, a U.S. Government agency. See
CFTC Regulation below for information on CFTC regulation.
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Traders in futures contracts may be broadly
classified as either “hedgers” or “speculators.” Hedgers use the futures markets primarily to offset unfavorable changes (anticipated or potential) in the value of securities or other assets currently owned or expected to be
acquired by them. Speculators less often own the securities or other assets underlying the futures contracts which they trade, and generally use futures contracts with the expectation of realizing profits from fluctuations in the value of the
underlying securities or other assets.
Upon
entering into futures contracts, in compliance with regulatory requirements, cash or liquid securities, at least equal in value to the amount of a Fund’s obligation under the contract (less any applicable margin deposits and any assets that
constitute “cover” for such obligation), will be designated in a Fund’s books and records.
Unlike when a Fund purchases or sells a security, no
price is paid or received by a Fund upon the purchase or sale of a futures contract, although a Fund is required to deposit with its custodian in a segregated account in the name of the futures broker an amount of cash and/or U.S. Government
securities in order to initiate and maintain open positions in futures contracts. This amount is known as “initial margin.” The nature of initial margin in futures transactions is different from that of margin in security transactions,
in that futures contract margin does not involve the borrowing of funds by a Fund to finance the transactions. Rather, initial margin is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit intended to assure completion of the contract
(delivery or acceptance of the underlying security or other asset) that is returned to a Fund upon termination of the futures contract, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Minimum initial margin requirements are established by
the relevant futures exchange and may be changed. Brokers may establish deposit requirements which are higher than the exchange minimums. Futures contracts are customarily purchased and sold on margin which may range upward from less than 5% of the
value of the contract being traded. Subsequent payments, called “variation margin,” to and from the broker (or the custodian) are made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying security or other asset fluctuates, a process known as
“marking to market.” If the futures contract price changes to the extent that the margin on deposit does not satisfy margin requirements, payment of additional variation margin will be required. Conversely, a change in the contract value
may reduce the required margin, resulting in a repayment of excess margin to the contract holder. Variation margin payments are made for as long as the contract remains open. A Fund expects to earn interest income on its margin deposits.
Although futures contracts by their terms call for
actual delivery or acceptance of securities or other assets (stock index futures contracts or futures contracts that reference other intangible assets do not permit delivery of the referenced assets), the contracts usually are closed out before the
settlement date without the making or taking of delivery. A Fund may elect to close some or all of its futures positions at any time prior to their expiration. The purpose of taking such action would be to reduce or eliminate the position then
currently held by a Fund. Closing out an open futures position is done by taking an opposite position (“buying” a contract which has previously been “sold,” “selling” a contract previously “purchased”)
in an identical contract (i.e., the same aggregate amount of the specific type of security or other asset with the same delivery date) to terminate the position. Final determinations are made as to whether the
price of the initial sale of the futures contract exceeds or is below the price of the offsetting purchase, or whether the purchase price exceeds or is below the offsetting sale price. Final determinations of variation margin are then made,
additional cash is required to be paid by or released to a Fund, and a Fund realizes a loss or a gain. Brokerage commissions are incurred when a futures contract is bought or sold.
Successful use of futures contracts by a Fund is
subject to its portfolio manager’s ability to predict correctly movements in the direction of interest rates and other factors affecting securities and commodities markets. This requires different skills and techniques than those required to
predict changes in the prices of individual securities. A Fund, therefore, bears the risk that future market trends will be incorrectly predicted.
The risk of loss in trading futures contracts in
some strategies can be substantial, due both to the relatively low margin deposits required and the potential for an extremely high degree of leverage involved in futures contracts. As a result, a relatively small price movement in a futures
contract may result in an immediate and substantial loss to the investor. For example, if at the time of purchase, 10% of the value of the futures contract is deposited as margin, a subsequent 10% decrease in the value of the futures contract would
result in a total loss of the margin deposit, before any deduction for the transaction costs, if the account were then closed out. A 15% decrease would result in a loss equal to 150% of the original margin deposit if the contract were closed out.
Thus, a purchase or sale of a futures contract may result in losses in excess of the amount posted as initial margin for the contract.
In the event of adverse price movements, a Fund
would continue to be required to make daily cash payments in order to maintain its required margin. In such a situation, if a Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell portfolio securities in order to meet daily margin requirements at a time
when it may be disadvantageous to do so. The inability to close the futures position also could have an adverse impact on the ability to hedge effectively.
To reduce or eliminate a hedge position held by a
Fund, a Fund may seek to close out a position. The ability to establish and close out positions will be subject to the development and maintenance of a liquid secondary market. It is not certain that this market will develop or continue to exist for
a particular futures contract, which may limit a Fund’s ability to realize its profits or limit its losses. Reasons for the absence of a liquid secondary market on an exchange include the following: (i) there may be
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insufficient trading interest in certain contracts; (ii)
restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening transactions, closing transactions or both; (iii) trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of contracts, or underlying
securities; (iv) unusual or unforeseen circumstances, such as volume in excess of trading or clearing capability, may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; (v) the facilities of an exchange or a clearing corporation may not at all times be
adequate to handle current trading volume; or (vi) one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of contracts (or a particular class or series of contracts), in
which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in the class or series of contracts) would cease to exist, although outstanding contracts on the exchange that had been issued by a clearing corporation as a result of trades on that exchange
would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.
Interest Rate Futures Contracts. Bond prices are established in both the cash market and the futures market. In the cash market, bonds are purchased and sold with payment for the full purchase price of the bond being made in cash,
generally within five business days after the trade. In the futures market, a contract is made to purchase or sell a bond in the future for a set price on a certain date. Historically, the prices for bonds established in the futures markets have
tended to move generally in the aggregate in concert with the cash market prices and have maintained fairly predictable relationships. Accordingly, a Fund may use interest rate futures contracts as a defense, or hedge, against anticipated interest
rate changes. A Fund presently could accomplish a similar result to that which it hopes to achieve through the use of interest rate futures contracts by selling bonds with long maturities and investing in bonds with short maturities when interest
rates are expected to increase, or conversely, selling bonds with short maturities and investing in bonds with long maturities when interest rates are expected to decline. However, because of the liquidity that is often available in the futures
market, the protection is more likely to be achieved, perhaps at a lower cost and without changing the rate of interest being earned by a Fund, through using futures contracts.
Interest rate futures contracts are traded in an
auction environment on the floors of several exchanges — principally, the Chicago Board of Trade, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and the New York Futures Exchange. Each exchange guarantees performance under contract provisions through a
clearing corporation, a nonprofit organization managed by the exchange membership. A public market exists in futures contracts covering various financial instruments including long-term U.S. Treasury Bonds and Notes; GNMA modified pass-through
mortgage backed securities; three-month U.S. Treasury Bills; and ninety-day commercial paper. A Fund may also invest in exchange-traded Eurodollar contracts, which are interest rate futures on the forward level of LIBOR. These contracts are
generally considered liquid securities and trade on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. Such Eurodollar contracts are generally used to “lock-in” or hedge the future level of short-term rates. A Fund may trade in any interest rate futures
contracts for which there exists a public market, including, without limitation, the foregoing instruments.
Index Futures Contracts. An index futures contract is a contract to buy or sell units of an index at a specified future date at a price agreed upon when the contract is made. Entering into a contract to buy units of an index
is commonly referred to as buying or purchasing a contract or holding a long position in the index. Entering into a contract to sell units of an index is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position in the index. A unit is
the current value of the index. A Fund may enter into stock index futures contracts, debt index futures contracts, or other index futures contracts appropriate to its objective(s).
Municipal Bond Index Futures Contracts. Municipal bond index futures contracts may act as a hedge against changes in market conditions. A municipal bond index assigns values daily to the municipal bonds included in the index based on the
independent assessment of dealer-to-dealer municipal bond brokers. A municipal bond index futures contract represents a firm commitment by which two parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount equal to a specified dollar amount multiplied by
the difference between the municipal bond index value on the last trading date of the contract and the price at which the futures contract is originally struck. No physical delivery of the underlying securities in the index is made.
Commodity-Linked Futures Contracts. Commodity-linked futures contracts are traded on futures exchanges. These futures exchanges offer a central marketplace in which to transact in futures contracts, a clearing corporation to process
trades, and standardization of expiration dates and contract sizes. Futures markets also specify the terms and conditions of delivery as well as the maximum permissible price movement during a trading session. Additionally, the commodity futures
exchanges may have position limit rules that limit the amount of futures contracts that any one party may hold in a particular commodity at any point in time. These position limit rules are designed to prevent any one participant from controlling a
significant portion of the market.
Commodity-linked futures
contracts are generally based upon commodities within six main commodity groups: (1) energy, which includes, among others, crude oil, brent crude oil, gas oil, natural gas, gasoline and heating oil; (2) livestock, which includes, among others,
feeder cattle, live cattle and hogs; (3) agriculture, which includes, among others, wheat (Kansas wheat and Chicago wheat), corn and soybeans; (4) industrial metals, which includes, among others, aluminum, copper, lead, nickel and zinc; (5) precious
metals, which includes, among others, gold and silver; and (6) softs, which includes cotton, coffee, sugar and
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cocoa. A Fund may purchase
commodity futures contracts, swaps on commodity futures contracts, options on futures contracts and options and futures on commodity indices with respect to these six main commodity groups and the individual commodities within each group, as well as
other types of commodities.
The price
of a commodity futures contract will reflect the storage costs of purchasing the physical commodity. These storage costs include the time value of money invested in the physical commodity plus the actual costs of storing the commodity less any
benefits from ownership of the physical commodity that are not obtained by the holder of a futures contract (this is sometimes referred to as the “convenience yield”). To the extent that these storage costs change for an underlying
commodity while a Fund is long futures contracts on that commodity, the value of the futures contract may change proportionately.
In the commodity futures markets, if producers of
the underlying commodity wish to hedge the price risk of selling the commodity, they will sell futures contracts today to lock in the price of the commodity at delivery tomorrow. In order to induce speculators to take the corresponding long side of
the same futures contract, the commodity producer must be willing to sell the futures contract at a price that is below the expected future spot price. Conversely, if the predominant hedgers in the futures market are the purchasers of the underlying
commodity who purchase futures contracts to hedge against a rise in prices, then speculators will only take the short side of the futures contract if the futures price is greater than the expected future spot price of the commodity.
The changing nature of the hedgers and speculators
in the commodity markets will influence whether futures contract prices are above or below the expected future spot price. This can have significant implications for a Fund when it is time to replace an existing contract with a new contract. If the
nature of hedgers and speculators in futures markets has shifted such that commodity purchasers are the predominant hedgers in the market, a Fund might open the new futures position at a higher price or choose other related commodity-linked
investments.
The values of commodities which
underlie commodity futures contracts are subject to additional variables which may be less significant to the values of traditional securities such as stocks and bonds. Variables such as drought, floods, weather, livestock disease, embargoes and
tariffs may have a larger impact on commodity prices and commodity-linked investments, including futures contracts, commodity-linked structured notes, commodity-linked options and commodity-linked swaps, than on traditional securities. These
additional variables may create additional investment risks which subject a Fund’s commodity-linked investments to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities.
Options on Futures Contracts. A Fund may purchase and write call and put options on those futures contracts that it is permitted to buy or sell. A Fund may use such options on futures contracts in lieu of writing options directly
on the underlying securities or other assets or purchasing and selling the underlying futures contracts. Such options generally operate in the same manner as options purchased or written directly on the underlying investments. A futures option gives
the holder, in return for the premium paid, the right, but not the obligation, to buy from (call) or sell to (put) the writer of the option a futures contract at a specified price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise, the
writer of the option is obligated to pay the difference between the cash value of the futures contract and the exercise price. Like the buyer or seller of a futures contract, the holder or writer of an option has the right to terminate its position
prior to the scheduled expiration of the option by selling or purchasing an option of the same series, at which time the person entering into the closing purchase transaction will realize a gain or loss. There is no guarantee that such closing
purchase transactions can be effected.
A Fund will enter into written options on futures
contracts only when, in compliance with regulatory requirements, it has designated cash or liquid securities at least equal in value to the underlying security’s or other asset’s value (less any applicable margin deposits). A Fund will
be required to deposit initial margin and maintenance margin with respect to put and call options on futures contracts written by it pursuant to brokers’ requirements similar to those described above.
Options on Index Futures Contracts. A Fund may also purchase and sell options on index futures contracts. Options on index futures give the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in an index futures
contract (a long position if the option is a call and a short position if the option is a put), at a specified exercise price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise of the option, the delivery of the futures position by the
writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by delivery of the accumulated balance in the writer’s futures margin account, which represents the amount by which the market price of the index futures contract, at
exercise, exceeds (in the case of a call) or is less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option on the index future. If an option is exercised on the last trading day prior to the expiration date of the option, the settlement will
be made entirely in cash equal to the difference between the exercise price of the option and the closing level of the index on which the future is based on the expiration date. Purchasers of options who fail to exercise their options prior to the
exercise date suffer a loss of the premium paid.
Options on Stocks, Stock Indices and Other Indices. A Fund may purchase and write (i.e., sell) put and call options. Such options may relate to
particular stocks or stock indices, and may or may not be listed on a domestic or foreign securities exchange and may or may not be issued by the Options Clearing Corporation (OCC). Stock index options are put options and call options on various
stock indices. In most respects, they are identical to listed options on common stocks.
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There is a key difference between stock options and
index options in connection with their exercise. In the case of stock options, the underlying security, common stock, is delivered. However, upon the exercise of an index option, settlement does not occur by delivery of the securities comprising the
index. The option holder who exercises the index option receives an amount of cash if the closing level of the stock index upon which the option is based is greater than (in the case of a call) or less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price
of the option. This amount of cash is equal to the difference between the closing price of the stock index and the exercise price of the option expressed in dollars times a specified multiple. A stock index fluctuates with changes in the market
value of the securities included in the index. For example, some stock index options are based on a broad market index, such as the S&P 500®
Index or a narrower market index, such as the S&P 100® Index. Indices may also be based on an industry or market segment.
A Fund may, for the purpose of hedging its
portfolio, subject to applicable securities regulations, purchase and write put and call options on foreign stock indices listed on foreign and domestic stock exchanges.
As an alternative to purchasing call and put options
on index futures, a Fund may purchase call and put options on the underlying indices themselves. Such options could be used in a manner identical to the use of options on index futures. Options involving securities indices provide the holder with
the right to make or receive a cash settlement upon exercise of the option based on movements in the relevant index. Such options must be listed on a national securities exchange and issued by the OCC. Such options may relate to particular
securities or to various stock indices, except that a Fund may not write covered options on an index.
Writing Covered Options. A Fund may write covered call options and covered put options on securities held in its portfolio. Call options written by a Fund give the purchaser the right to buy the underlying securities from a
Fund at the stated exercise price at any time prior to the expiration date of the option, regardless of the security’s market price; put options give the purchaser the right to sell the underlying securities to a Fund at the stated exercise
price at any time prior to the expiration date of the option, regardless of the security’s market price.
A Fund may write covered options, which means that,
so long as a Fund is obligated as the writer of a call option, it will own the underlying securities subject to the option (or comparable securities satisfying the cover requirements of securities exchanges). In the case of put options, a Fund will
hold liquid assets equal to the price to be paid if the option is exercised. In addition, a Fund will be considered to have covered a put or call option if and to the extent that it holds an option that offsets some or all of the risk of the option
it has written. A Fund may write combinations of covered puts and calls (straddles) on the same underlying security.
A Fund will receive a premium from writing a put or
call option, which increases a Fund’s return on the underlying security if the option expires unexercised or is closed out at a profit. The amount of the premium reflects, among other things, the relationship between the exercise price and the
current market value of the underlying security, the volatility of the underlying security, the amount of time remaining until expiration, current interest rates, and the effect of supply and demand in the options market and in the market for the
underlying security. By writing a call option, a Fund limits its opportunity to profit from any increase in the market value of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option but continues to bear the risk of a decline in the value
of the underlying security. By writing a put option, a Fund assumes the risk that it may be required to purchase the underlying security for an exercise price higher than the security’s then-current market value, resulting in a potential
capital loss unless the security subsequently appreciates in value.
A Fund’s obligation to sell an instrument
subject to a call option written by it, or to purchase an instrument subject to a put option written by it, may be terminated prior to the expiration date of the option by a Fund’s execution of a closing purchase transaction, which is effected
by purchasing on an exchange an offsetting option of the same series (i.e., same underlying instrument, exercise price and expiration date) as the option previously written. A closing purchase transaction will
ordinarily be effected in order to realize a profit on an outstanding option, to prevent an underlying instrument from being called, to permit the sale of the underlying instrument or to permit the writing of a new option containing different terms
on such underlying instrument. A Fund realizes a profit or loss from a closing purchase transaction if the cost of the transaction (option premium plus transaction costs) is less or more than the premium received from writing the option. Because
increases in the market price of a call option generally reflect increases in the market price of the security underlying the option, any loss resulting from a closing purchase transaction may be offset in whole or in part by unrealized appreciation
of the underlying security.
If a Fund writes a
call option but does not own the underlying security, and when it writes a put option, a Fund may be required to deposit cash or securities with its broker as “margin” or collateral for its obligation to buy or sell the underlying
security. As the value of the underlying security varies, a Fund may also have to deposit additional margin with the broker. Margin requirements are complex and are fixed by individual brokers, subject to minimum requirements currently imposed by
the Federal Reserve Board and by stock exchanges and other self-regulatory organizations.
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Purchasing Put Options. A Fund may purchase put options to protect its portfolio holdings in an underlying security against a decline in market value. Such hedge protection is provided during the life of the put option since
a Fund, as holder of the put option, is able to sell the underlying security at the put exercise price regardless of any decline in the underlying security’s market price. For a put option to be profitable, the market price of the underlying
security must decline sufficiently below the exercise price to cover the premium and transaction costs. By using put options in this manner, a Fund will reduce any profit it might otherwise have realized from appreciation of the underlying security
by the premium paid for the put option and by transaction costs.
Purchasing Call Options. A Fund may purchase call options, including call options to hedge against an increase in the price of securities that a Fund wants ultimately to buy. Such hedge protection is provided during the life
of the call option since a Fund, as holder of the call option, is able to buy the underlying security at the exercise price regardless of any increase in the underlying security’s market price. In order for a call option to be profitable, the
market price of the underlying security must rise sufficiently above the exercise price to cover the premium and transaction costs. These costs will reduce any profit a Fund might have realized had it bought the underlying security at the time it
purchased the call option.
Over-the-Counter (OTC) Options. OTC options (options not traded on exchanges) are generally established through negotiation with the other party to the options contract. A Fund will enter into OTC options transactions only with
primary dealers in U.S. Government securities and, in the case of OTC options written by a Fund, only pursuant to agreements that will assure that a Fund will at all times have the right to repurchase the option written by it from the dealer at a
specified formula price. A Fund will treat the amount by which such formula price exceeds the amount, if any, by which the option may be “in-the-money” as an illiquid investment. It is the present policy of a Fund not to enter into any
OTC option transaction if, as a result, more than 15% (10% in some cases; refer to your Fund’s prospectuses) of a Fund’s net assets would be invested in (i) illiquid investments (determined under the foregoing formula) relating to OTC
options written by a Fund, (ii) OTC options purchased by a Fund, (iii) securities which are not readily marketable, and (iv) repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days.
Swap Agreements
Swap agreements are derivative instruments that can be individually
negotiated and structured to include exposure to a variety of different types of investments or market factors. Depending on their structure, swap agreements may increase or decrease a Fund’s exposure to long- or short-term interest rates,
foreign currency values, mortgage securities, corporate borrowing rates, or other factors such as security prices or inflation rates. A Fund may enter into a variety of swap agreements, including interest rate, index, commodity, commodity futures,
equity, equity index, credit default, bond futures, total return, portfolio and currency exchange rate swap agreements, and other types of swap agreements such as caps, collars and floors. A Fund also may enter into swaptions, which are options to
enter into a swap agreement.
Swap agreements
are usually entered into without an upfront payment because the value of each party’s position is the same. The market values of the underlying commitments will change over time, resulting in one of the commitments being worth more than the
other and the net market value creating a risk exposure for one party or the other.
In a typical interest rate swap, one party agrees to
make regular payments equal to a floating interest rate times a “notional principal amount,” in return for payments equal to a fixed rate times the same amount, for a specified period of time. If a swap agreement provides for payments in
different currencies, the parties might agree to exchange notional principal amounts as well. In a total return swap agreement, the non-floating rate side of the swap is based on the total return of an individual security, a basket of securities, an
index or another reference asset. Swaps may also depend on other prices or rates, such as the value of an index or mortgage prepayment rates.
In a typical cap or floor agreement, one party
agrees to make payments only under specified circumstances, usually in return for payment of a fee by the other party. For example, the buyer of an interest rate cap obtains the right to receive payments to the extent that a specified interest rate
exceeds an agreed-upon level, while the seller of an interest rate floor is obligated to make payments to the extent that a specified interest rate falls below an agreed-upon level. Caps and floors have an effect similar to buying or writing
options. A collar combines elements of buying a cap and selling a floor. In interest rate collar transactions, one party sells a cap and purchases a floor, or vice versa, in an attempt to protect itself against interest rate movements exceeding
given minimum or maximum levels or collar amounts.
Swap agreements will tend to shift a Fund’s
investment exposure from one type of investment to another. For example, if a Fund agreed to pay fixed rates in exchange for floating rates while holding fixed-rate bonds, the swap would tend to decrease a Fund’s exposure to long-term interest
rates. Another example is if a Fund agreed to exchange payments in dollars for payments in foreign currency. In that case, the swap agreement would tend to decrease a Fund’s exposure to U.S. interest rates and increase its exposure to foreign
currency and interest rates.
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Because swaps are two-party contracts that may be
subject to contractual restrictions on transferability and termination and because they may have terms of greater than seven days, swap agreements may be considered to be illiquid. If a swap is not liquid, it may not be possible to initiate a
transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price, which may result in significant losses.
Moreover, a Fund bears the risk of loss of the
amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty. When a counterparty’s obligations are not fully secured by collateral, then the Fund is essentially an unsecured
creditor of the counterparty. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund will have contractual remedies, but there is no assurance that a counterparty will be able to meet its obligations pursuant to such contracts or that, in the event of default, the
Fund will succeed in enforcing contractual remedies. Counterparty risk still exists even if a counterparty’s obligations are secured by collateral because the Fund’s interest in collateral may not be perfected or additional collateral
may not be promptly posted as required. Counterparty risk also may be more pronounced if a counterparty’s obligations exceed the amount of collateral held by the Fund (if any), the Fund is unable to exercise its interest in collateral upon
default by the counterparty, or the termination value of the instrument varies significantly from the marked-to-market value of the instrument.
Counterparty risk with respect to derivatives will
be affected by new rules and regulations affecting the derivatives market. Some derivatives transactions are required to be centrally cleared, and a party to a cleared derivatives transaction is subject to the credit risk of the clearing house and
the clearing member through which it holds its cleared position, rather than the credit risk of its original counterparty to the derivative transaction. Credit risk of market participants with respect to derivatives that are centrally cleared is
concentrated in a few clearing houses, and it is not clear how an insolvency proceeding of a clearing house would be conducted and what impact an insolvency of a clearing house would have on the financial system. A clearing member is obligated by
contract and by applicable regulation to segregate all funds received from customers with respect to cleared derivatives transactions from the clearing member’s proprietary assets. However, all funds and other property received by a clearing
broker from its customers are generally held by the clearing broker on a commingled basis in an omnibus account, and the clearing member may invest those funds in certain instruments permitted under the applicable regulations. The assets of a Fund
might not be fully protected in the event of the bankruptcy of a Fund’s clearing member, because the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing broker’s customers
for a relevant account class. Also, the clearing member is required to transfer to the clearing organization the amount of margin required by the clearing organization for cleared derivatives, which amounts are generally held in an omnibus account
at the clearing organization for all customers of the clearing member. Regulations promulgated by the CFTC require that the clearing member notify the clearing house of the amount of initial margin provided by the clearing member to the clearing
organization that is attributable to each customer. However, if the clearing member does not provide accurate reporting, the Funds are subject to the risk that a clearing organization will use a Fund’s assets held in an omnibus account at the
clearing organization to satisfy payment obligations of a defaulting customer of the clearing member to the clearing organization. In addition, clearing members generally provide to the clearing organization the net amount of variation margin
required for cleared swaps for all of its customers in the aggregate, rather than the gross amount of each customer. The Funds are therefore subject to the risk that a clearing organization will not make variation margin payments owed to a Fund if
another customer of the clearing member has suffered a loss and is in default, and the risk that a Fund will be required to provide additional variation margin to the clearing house before the clearing house will move the Fund’s cleared
derivatives transactions to another clearing member. In addition, if a clearing member does not comply with the applicable regulations or its agreement with the Funds, or in the event of fraud or misappropriation of customer assets by a clearing
member, a Fund could have only an unsecured creditor claim in an insolvency of the clearing member with respect to the margin held by the clearing member.
Interest Rate Swaps. Interest rate swap agreements are often used to obtain or preserve a desired return or spread at a lower cost than through a direct investment in an instrument that yields the desired return or spread.
They are financial instruments that involve the exchange of one type of interest rate cash flow for another type of interest rate cash flow on specified dates in the future. In a standard interest rate swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange
their respective commitments to pay fixed or floating interest rates on a predetermined specified (notional) amount. The swap agreement’s notional amount is the predetermined basis for calculating the obligations that the swap counterparties
have agreed to exchange. Under most swap agreements, the obligations of the parties are exchanged on a net basis. The two payment streams are netted out, with each party receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two
payments. Interest rate swaps can be based on various measures of interest rates, including LIBOR, swap rates, Treasury rates and foreign interest rates.
Credit Default Swap Agreements. A Fund may enter into credit default swap agreements, which may have as reference obligations one or more securities or a basket of securities that are or are not currently held by a Fund. The
protection “buyer” in a credit default contract is generally obligated to pay the protection “seller” an upfront or a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract provided that no credit event, such as a default,
on a reference obligation has occurred. If a credit event occurs, the seller generally must pay the buyer the “par value” (full notional value) of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference
entity described in the swap, or the seller may be required to deliver the
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related net cash amount, if the swap is cash settled. A Fund may be
either the buyer or seller in a credit default swap. If a Fund is a buyer and no credit event occurs, a Fund may recover nothing if the swap is held through its termination date. However, if a credit event occurs, the buyer generally may elect to
receive the full notional value of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity whose value may have significantly decreased. As a seller, a Fund generally receives an upfront payment or a fixed
rate of income throughout the term of the swap provided that there is no credit event. As the seller, a Fund would effectively add leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, a Fund would be subject to investment exposure
on the notional amount of the swap.
Credit
default swap agreements may involve greater risks than if a Fund had invested in the reference obligation directly since, in addition to risks relating to the reference obligation, credit default swaps are subject to illiquidity risk, counterparty
risk and credit risk. A Fund will enter into credit default swap agreements generally with counterparties that meet certain standards of creditworthiness. A buyer generally will lose its investment and recover nothing if no credit event occurs and
the swap is held to its termination date. If a credit event were to occur, the value of any deliverable obligation received by the seller, coupled with the upfront or periodic payments previously received, may be less than the full notional value it
pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss of value to the seller.
A Fund’s obligations under a credit default
swap agreement will be accrued daily (offset against any amounts owing to the Fund). In connection with credit default swaps in which a Fund is the buyer, the Fund will segregate or designate cash or other liquid assets or enter into certain
offsetting positions, with a value at least equal to the Fund’s exposure (any accrued but unpaid net amounts owed by the Fund to any counterparty), on a mark-to-market basis. In connection with credit default swaps in which a Fund is the
seller, the Fund will segregate or designate cash or other liquid assets or enter into offsetting positions, with a value at least equal to the full notional amount of the swap (minus any amounts owed to the Fund). Such segregation or designation
will ensure that a Fund has assets available to satisfy its obligations with respect to the transaction. Such segregation or designation will not limit a Fund’s exposure to loss.
Equity Swaps. A Fund may engage in equity swaps. Equity swaps allow the parties to the swap agreement to exchange components of return on one equity investment (e.g., a basket of equity securities or an index) for a component of return on another non-equity or equity investment, including an exchange of differential rates of return. Equity swaps may be used to
invest in a market without owning or taking physical custody of securities in circumstances where direct investment may be restricted for legal reasons or is otherwise impractical. Equity swaps also may be used for other purposes, such as hedging or
seeking to increase total return.
Total
Return Swap Agreements. Total return swap agreements are contracts in which one party agrees to make periodic payments to another party based on the change in market value of the assets underlying
the contract, which may include a specified security, basket of securities or securities indices during the specified period, in return for periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate or the total return from other underlying
assets. Total return swap agreements may be used to obtain exposure to a security or market without owning or taking physical custody of such security or investing directly in such market. Total return swap agreements may effectively add leverage to
a Fund’s portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, a Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap.
Total return swap agreements are subject to the risk
that a counterparty will default on its payment obligations to a Fund thereunder, and conversely, that a Fund will not be able to meet its obligation to the counterparty. Generally, a Fund will enter into total return swaps on a net basis (i.e., the two payment streams are netted against one another with a Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments). The net amount of the excess, if any, of a Fund’s
obligations over its entitlements with respect to each total return swap will be accrued on a daily basis, and an amount of liquid assets having an aggregate net asset value at least equal to the accrued excess will be designated by a Fund in its
books and records. If the total return swap transaction is entered into on other than a net basis, the full amount of a Fund’s obligations will be accrued on a daily basis, and the full amount of a Fund’s obligations will be designated
by a Fund in an amount equal to or greater than the market value of the liabilities under the total return swap agreement or the amount it would have cost a Fund initially to make an equivalent direct investment, plus or minus any amount a Fund is
obligated to pay or is to receive under the total return swap agreement.
Variance, Volatility and Correlation Swap Agreements. Variance and volatility swaps are contracts that provide exposure to increases or decreases in the volatility of certain referenced assets. Correlation swaps are contracts that provide exposure to
increases or decreases in the correlation between the prices of different assets or different market rates.
Commodity-Linked Swaps. Commodity-linked swaps are two-party contracts in which the parties agree to exchange the return or interest rate on one instrument for the return of a particular commodity, commodity index or
commodities futures or options contract. The payment streams are calculated by reference to an agreed upon notional amount. A one-period swap contract operates in a manner similar to a forward or futures contract because there is an agreement to
swap a commodity for cash at only one forward date. A Fund may engage in swap transactions that have more than one period and therefore more than one exchange of commodities.
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A Fund may invest in total return commodity swaps to
gain exposure to the overall commodity markets. In a total return commodity swap, a Fund will receive the price appreciation of a commodity index, a portion of the index, or a single commodity in exchange for paying an agreed-upon fee. If the
commodity swap is for one period, the Fund will pay a fixed fee, established at the outset of the swap. However, if the term of the commodity swap is more than one period, with interim swap payments, the Fund will pay an adjustable or floating fee.
With a “floating” rate, the fee is pegged to a base rate such as LIBOR, and is adjusted each period. Therefore, if interest rates increase over the term of the swap contract, a Fund may be required to pay a higher fee at each swap reset
date.
Cross Currency Swaps. Cross currency swaps are similar to interest rate swaps, except that they involve multiple currencies. A Fund may enter into a cross currency swap when it has exposure to one currency and desires
exposure to a different currency. Typically, the interest rates that determine the currency swap payments are fixed, although occasionally one or both parties may pay a floating rate of interest. Unlike an interest rate swap, however, the principal
amounts are exchanged at the beginning of the contract and returned at the end of the contract. In addition to paying and receiving amounts at the beginning and termination of the agreements, both sides will have to pay in full periodically based
upon the currency they have borrowed. Changes in foreign exchange currency rates and changes in interest rates, as described above, may negatively affect currency swaps.
Contracts for Differences. Contracts for differences are swap arrangements in which the parties agree that their return (or loss) will be based on the relative performance of two different groups or baskets of securities. Often,
one or both baskets will be an established securities index. A Fund’s return will be based on changes in value of theoretical long futures positions in the securities comprising one basket (with an aggregate face value equal to the notional
amount of the contract for differences) and theoretical short futures positions in the securities comprising the other basket. A Fund also may use actual long and short futures positions and achieve similar market exposure by netting the payment
obligations of the two contracts. A Fund typically enters into contracts for differences (and analogous futures positions) when its portfolio manager believes that the basket of securities constituting the long position will outperform the basket
constituting the short position. If the short basket outperforms the long basket, a Fund will realize a loss — even in circumstances when the securities in both the long and short baskets appreciate in value.
Swaptions. A swaption is an options contract on a swap agreement. These transactions give a party the right (but not the obligation) to enter into new swap agreements or to shorten, extend, cancel or otherwise
modify an existing swap agreement (which are described herein) at some designated future time on specified terms, in return for payment of the purchase price (the “premium”) of the option. A Fund may write (sell) and purchase put and
call swaptions to the same extent it may make use of standard options on securities or other instruments. The writer of the contract receives the premium and bears the risk of unfavorable changes in the market value on the underlying swap agreement.
Swaptions can be bundled and sold as a package. These are commonly called interest rate caps, floors and collars (which are described herein).
Many swaps are complex and often valued
subjectively. Many over-the-counter derivatives are complex and their valuation often requires modeling and judgment, which increases the risk of mispricing or incorrect valuation. The pricing models used may not produce valuations that are
consistent with the values the Fund realizes when it closes or sells an over-the-counter derivative. Valuation risk is more pronounced when the Fund enters into over-the-counter derivatives with specialized terms because the market value of those
derivatives in some cases is determined in part by reference to similar derivatives with more standardized terms. Incorrect valuations may result in increased cash payment requirements to counterparties, undercollateralization and/or errors in
calculation of the Fund’s net asset value.
Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and
Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) established a framework for the regulation of OTC swap markets; the framework outlined the joint responsibility of the CFTC and the SEC in regulating swaps. The CFTC is responsible for the
regulation of swaps, the SEC is responsible for the regulation of security-based swaps and they are both jointly responsible for the regulation of mixed swaps.
Risk of Potential Governmental Regulation of
Derivatives
It is possible that government regulation of
various types of derivative instruments, including futures and swap agreements, may limit or prevent the Funds from using such instruments as a part of their investment strategy, and could ultimately prevent the Funds from being able to achieve
their investment objectives. The effects of present or future legislation and regulation in this area are not known, but the effects could be substantial and adverse.
The futures markets are subject to comprehensive
statutes, regulations, and margin requirements. In addition, the SEC, CFTC and the exchanges are authorized to take extraordinary actions in the event of a market emergency, including, for example, the implementation or reduction of speculative
position limits, the implementation of higher margin requirements, the establishment of daily price limits and the suspension of trading.
The regulation of swaps and futures transactions in
the U.S. is a rapidly changing area of law and is subject to modification by government and judicial action. There is a possibility of future regulatory changes altering, perhaps to a material extent, the nature of an investment in a Fund or the
ability of a Fund to continue to implement its investment strategies. In particular, the
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Dodd-Frank Act, which was signed
into law in July 2010, has changed the way in which the U.S. financial system is supervised and regulated. Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Act sets forth a new legislative framework for OTC derivatives, such as swaps, in which the Funds may invest.
Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Act makes broad changes to the OTC derivatives market, grants significant new authority to the SEC and the CFTC to regulate OTC derivatives and market participants, and will require clearing of many OTC derivatives
transactions.
Recent U.S. and
non-U.S. legislative and regulatory reforms, including those related to the Dodd-Frank Act, have resulted in, and may in the future result in, new regulation of derivative instruments and the Fund's use of such instruments. New regulations could,
among other things, restrict the Fund's ability to engage in derivative transactions (for example, by making certain types of derivative instruments or transactions no longer available to the Fund) and/or increase the costs of such transactions, and
the Fund may as a result be unable to execute its investment strategies in a manner the Investment Manager might otherwise choose.
Additional Risk Factors in Cleared Derivatives
Transactions
Under recently adopted rules and regulations,
transactions in some types of swaps (including interest rate swaps and credit default swaps on North American and European indices) are required to be centrally cleared. In a transaction involving those swaps (“cleared derivatives”), a
Fund’s counterparty is a clearing house, rather than a bank or broker. Since the Funds are not members of clearing houses and only members of a clearing house (“clearing members”) can participate directly in the clearing house, the
Funds will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In a cleared derivatives transaction, the Funds will make payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through their accounts at clearing
members. Clearing members guarantee performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearing house.
In many ways, centrally cleared
derivative arrangements are less favorable to open-end funds than bilateral arrangements. For example, the Funds may be required to provide greater amounts of margin for cleared derivatives positions than for bilateral derivatives transactions.
Also, in contrast to a bilateral derivatives position, following a period of notice to a Fund, a clearing member generally can require termination of an existing cleared derivatives position at any time or increases in margin requirements above the
margin that the clearing member required at the beginning of a transaction. Clearing houses also have broad rights to increase margin requirements for existing positions or to terminate those positions at any time. Any increase in margin
requirements or termination of existing cleared derivatives positions by the clearing member or the clearing house could interfere with the ability of a Fund to pursue its investment strategy. Further, any increase in margin requirements by a
clearing member could also expose a Fund to greater credit risk to its clearing member, because margin for cleared derivatives transactions in excess of clearing house’s margin requirements typically is held by the clearing member. Also, a
Fund is subject to risk if it enters into a derivatives transaction that is required to be cleared (or that the Investment Manager expects to be cleared), and no clearing member is willing or able to clear the transaction on the Fund’s behalf.
While the documentation in place between the Funds and their clearing members generally provides that the clearing members will accept for clearing all transactions submitted for clearing that are within credit limits (specified in advance) for each
Fund, the Funds are still subject to the risk that no clearing member will be willing or able to clear a transaction. In those cases, the position might have to be terminated, and the Fund could lose some or all of the benefit of the position,
including loss of an increase in the value of the position and/or loss of hedging protection. In addition, the documentation governing the relationship between the Funds and clearing members is developed by the clearing members and generally is less
favorable to the Funds than typical bilateral derivatives documentation. For example, documentation relating to cleared derivatives generally includes a one-way indemnity by the Funds in favor of the clearing member for losses the clearing member
incurs as the Funds’ clearing member and typically does not provide the Funds any remedies if the clearing member defaults or becomes insolvent. While futures contracts entail similar risks, the risks likely are more pronounced for cleared
swaps due to their more limited liquidity and market history.
Some types of cleared derivatives are required to be
executed on an exchange or on a swap execution facility. A swap execution facility is a trading platform where multiple market participants can execute derivatives by accepting bids and offers made by multiple other participants in the platform.
While this execution requirement is designed to increase transparency and liquidity in the cleared derivatives market, trading on a swap execution facility can create additional costs and risks for the Funds. For example, swap execution facilities
typically charge fees, and if a Fund executes derivatives on a swap execution facility through a broker intermediary, the intermediary may impose fees as well. Also, a Fund may indemnify a swap execution facility, or a broker intermediary who
executes cleared derivatives on a swap execution facility on the Fund’s behalf, against any losses or costs that may be incurred as a result of the Fund’s transactions on the swap execution facility.
These and other new rules and regulations could,
among other things, further restrict a Fund’s ability to engage in, or increase the cost to the Fund of, derivatives transactions, for example, by making some types of derivatives no longer available to the Fund, increasing margin or capital
requirements, or otherwise limiting liquidity or increasing transaction costs. These regulations are new and evolving, so their potential impact on the Funds and the financial system are not yet known. While the new regulations and the central
clearing of some derivatives transactions are designed to reduce systemic risk (i.e., the risk that the
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interdependence of large derivatives dealers could cause a number
of those dealers to suffer liquidity, solvency or other challenges simultaneously), there is no assurance that the new clearing mechanisms will achieve that result, and in the meantime, as noted above, central clearing and related requirements
expose the Funds to new kinds of risks and costs.
CFTC Regulation
Each of the Funds listed on the cover of this SAI
qualifies for an exclusion from the definition of a commodity pool under the CEA and has on file a notice of exclusion under CFTC Rule 4.5. Accordingly, the Investment Manager is not subject to registration or regulation as a “commodity pool
operator” under the CEA with respect to these Funds, although the Investment Manager is a registered “commodity pool operator” and “commodity trading advisor”. To remain eligible for the exclusion, each of these Funds
is limited in its ability to use certain financial instruments regulated under the CEA (“commodity interests”), including futures and options on futures and certain swaps transactions. In the event that a Fund’s investments in
commodity interests are not within the thresholds set forth in the exclusion, one or more Funds not currently registered as a “commodity pool” may be required to register as such, which could increase Fund expenses, adversely affecting
the Fund’s total return.
Dollar
Rolls
Dollar rolls
involve selling securities (e.g., mortgage-backed securities or U.S. Treasury securities) and simultaneously entering into a commitment to purchase those or similar securities on a specified future date and
price from the same party. Mortgage dollar rolls and U.S. Treasury rolls are types of dollar rolls. A Fund foregoes principal and interest paid on the securities during the “roll” period. A Fund is compensated by the difference between
the current sales price and the lower forward price for the future purchase of the securities, as well as the interest earned on the cash proceeds of the initial sale. The investor also could be compensated through the receipt of fee income
equivalent to a lower forward price. Dollar roll transactions may result in higher transaction costs for a Fund.
Although one or more of the other risks described in
this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with mortgage dollar rolls include: Counterparty Risk, Credit Risk and Interest Rate Risk.
Equity-Linked Notes
An equity-linked note (ELN) is a debt instrument whose value is
based on the value of a single equity security, basket of equity securities or an index of equity securities (each, an Underlying Equity). An ELN typically provides interest income, thereby offering a yield advantage over investing directly in an
Underlying Equity. The Fund may purchase ELNs that trade on a securities exchange or those that trade on the over-the-counter markets, including Rule 144A securities. The Fund may also purchase ELNs in a privately negotiated transaction with the
issuer of the ELNs (or its broker-dealer affiliate). The Fund may or may not hold an ELN until its maturity.
Equity-linked securities also include issues such as
Structured Yield Product Exchangeable for Stock (STRYPES), Trust Automatic Common Exchange Securities (TRACES), Trust Issued Mandatory Exchange Securities (TIMES) and Trust Enhanced Dividend Securities (TRENDS). The issuers of these equity-linked
securities generally purchase and hold a portfolio of stripped U.S. Treasury securities maturing on a quarterly basis through the conversion date, and a forward purchase contract with an existing shareholder of the company relating to the common
stock. Quarterly distributions on such equity-linked securities generally consist of the cash received from the U.S. Treasury securities and such equity-linked securities generally are not entitled to any dividends that may be declared on the common
stock.
ELNs also include participation notes
issued by a bank or broker-dealer that entitles the Fund to a return measured by the change in value of an Underlying Equity. Participation notes are typically used when a direct investment in the Underlying Equity is restricted due to
country-specific regulations. Investment in a participation note is not the same as investment in the constituent shares of the company (or other issuer type) to which the Underlying Equity is economically tied. A participation note represents only
an obligation of the company or other issuer type to provide the Fund the economic performance equivalent to holding shares of the Underlying Equity. A participation note does not provide any beneficial or equitable entitlement or interest in the
relevant Underlying Equity. In other words, shares of the Underlying Equity are not in any way owned by the Fund.
Although one or more of the other risks described in
this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with equity-linked notes include: Counterparty Risk, Credit Risk, Liquidity Risk and Market Risk.
Eurodollar and Yankee Dollar and Related Derivative
Instruments
Eurodollar instruments are bonds that pay
interest and principal in U.S. dollars held in banks outside the United States, primarily in Europe. Eurodollar instruments are usually issued on behalf of multinational companies and foreign governments by large underwriting groups composed of
banks and issuing houses from many countries. Yankee Dollar instruments are U.S. dollar-denominated bonds issued in the United States by foreign banks and corporations. These investments involve risks that are different from investments in
securities issued by U.S. issuers.
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Eurodollar futures contracts enable purchasers to
obtain a fixed rate for the lending of funds and sellers to obtain a fixed rate for borrowings. A Fund may use Eurodollar futures contracts and options thereon to hedge against changes in the LIBOR, to which many interest rate swaps and fixed income
instruments are linked.
Although one or more
of the other risks described in this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with Eurodollar and Yankee Dollar instruments include: Credit Risk, Foreign Securities Risk, Interest Rate Risk and Issuer Risk.
Event-Linked Instruments/Catastrophe Bonds
A Fund may obtain event-linked exposure by investing in
“event-linked bonds” or “event-linked swaps” or by implementing “event-linked strategies.” Event-linked exposure results in gains or losses that typically are contingent on, or formulaically related to, defined
trigger events. Examples of trigger events include hurricanes, earthquakes, weather-related phenomena or statistics relating to such events. Some event-linked bonds are commonly referred to as “catastrophe bonds.” If a trigger event
occurs, the principal amount of the bond is reduced (potentially to zero), and a Fund may lose all or a portion of its entire principal invested in the bond or the entire notional amount on a swap.
Exchange-traded notes (ETNs)
ETNs are instruments that combine aspects of bonds and
exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and are designed to provide investors with access to the returns, less investor fees and expenses, of various market benchmarks or strategies to which they are usually linked. When an investor buys an ETN, the issuer,
typically an underwriting bank, promises to pay upon maturity the amount reflected in the benchmark or strategy (minus fees and expenses). Some ETNs make periodic coupon payments. Like ETFs, ETNs are traded on an exchange, but ETNs have additional
risks compared to ETFs, including the risk that if the credit of the ETN issuer becomes suspect, the investment might lose some or all of its value. Though linked to the performance, for example, of a market benchmark, ETNs are not equities or index
funds, but they do share several characteristics. Similar to equities, ETNs are traded on an exchange and can be sold short. Similar to index funds, ETNs may be linked to the return of a benchmark or strategy, but ETNs don't have an ownership
interest in the instruments underlying the benchmark or strategy the ETN is tracking.
Although one or more of the other risks described in
this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with exchange-traded notes include: Counterparty Risk, Credit Risk and Market Risk.
Foreign Currency Transactions
Because investments in foreign securities usually involve
currencies of foreign countries and because a Fund may hold cash and cash equivalent investments in foreign currencies, the value of a Fund’s assets as measured in U.S. dollars may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in currency
exchange rates and exchange control regulations. Also, a Fund may incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time, causing a Fund’s NAV to
fluctuate. Currency exchange rates are generally determined by the forces of supply and demand in the foreign exchange markets, actual or anticipated changes in interest rates, and other complex factors. Currency exchange rates also can be affected
by the intervention of U.S. or foreign governments or central banks, or the failure to intervene, or by currency controls or political developments.
Spot Rates and Derivative Instruments. A Fund may conduct its foreign currency exchange transactions either at the spot (cash) rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market or by entering
into forward foreign currency exchange contracts (forward contracts). (See Types of Investments – Derivatives.) These contracts are traded in the interbank market conducted directly
between currency traders (usually large commercial banks) and their customers. Because foreign currency transactions occurring in the interbank market might involve substantially larger amounts than those involved in the use of such derivative
instruments, a Fund could be disadvantaged by having to deal in the odd lot market for the underlying foreign currencies at prices that are less favorable than for round lots.
A Fund may enter into forward contracts for a
variety of reasons, including for risk management (hedging) or for investment purposes.
When a Fund enters into a contract for the purchase
or sale of a security denominated in a foreign currency or has been notified of a dividend or interest payment, it may desire to lock in the price of the security or the amount of the payment, usually in U.S. dollars, although it could desire to
lock in the price of the security in another currency. By entering into a forward contract, a Fund would be able to protect itself against a possible loss resulting from an adverse change in the relationship between different currencies from the
date the security is purchased or sold to the date on which payment is made or received or when the dividend or interest is actually received.
A Fund may enter into forward contracts when
management of the Fund believes the currency of a particular foreign country may decline in value relative to another currency. When selling currencies forward in this fashion, a Fund may seek to hedge the value of foreign securities it holds
against an adverse move in exchange rates. The precise matching of forward contract amounts
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and the value of securities involved generally will not be possible
since the future value of securities in foreign currencies more than likely will change between the date the forward contract is entered into and the date it matures. The projection of short-term currency market movements is extremely difficult and
successful execution of a short-term hedging strategy is highly uncertain.
This method of protecting the value of a
Fund’s securities against a decline in the value of a currency does not eliminate fluctuations in the underlying prices of the securities. It simply establishes a rate of exchange that can be achieved at some point in time. Although forward
contracts can be used to minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in value of hedged currency, they will also limit any potential gain that might result should the value of such currency increase.
A Fund may also enter into forward contracts when
the Fund’s portfolio manager believes the currency of a particular country will increase in value relative to another currency. A Fund may buy currencies forward to gain exposure to a currency without incurring the additional costs of
purchasing securities denominated in that currency.
For example, the combination of U.S.
dollar-denominated instruments with long forward currency exchange contracts creates a position economically equivalent to a position in the foreign currency, in anticipation of an increase in the value of the foreign currency against the U.S.
dollar. Conversely, the combination of U.S. dollar-denominated instruments with short forward currency exchange contracts is economically equivalent to borrowing the foreign currency for delivery at a specified date in the future, in anticipation of
a decrease in the value of the foreign currency against the U.S. dollar.
Unanticipated changes in the currency exchange
results could result in poorer performance for Funds that enter into these types of transactions.
A Fund may designate cash or securities in an amount
equal to the value of the Fund’s total assets committed to consummating forward contracts entered into under the circumstance set forth above. If the value of the securities declines, additional cash or securities will be designated on a daily
basis so that the value of the cash or securities will equal the amount of the Fund’s commitments on such contracts.
At maturity of a forward contract, a Fund may either
deliver (if a contract to sell) or take delivery of (if a contract to buy) the foreign currency or terminate its contractual obligation by entering into an offsetting contract with the same currency trader, having the same maturity date, and
covering the same amount of foreign currency.
If a Fund engages in an offsetting transaction, it
will incur a gain or loss to the extent there has been movement in forward contract prices. If a Fund engages in an offsetting transaction, it may subsequently enter into a new forward contract to buy or sell the foreign currency.
Although a Fund values its assets each business day
in terms of U.S. dollars, it may not intend to convert its foreign currencies into U.S. dollars on a daily basis. However, it will do so from time to time, and such conversions involve certain currency conversion costs. Although foreign exchange
dealers do not charge a fee for conversion, they do realize a profit based on the difference (spread) between the prices at which they buy and sell various currencies. Thus, a dealer may offer to sell a foreign currency to a Fund at one rate, while
offering a lesser rate of exchange should a Fund desire to resell that currency to the dealer.
It is possible, under certain circumstances,
including entering into forward currency contracts for investment purposes, that a Fund will be required to limit or restructure its forward contract currency transactions to qualify as a “regulated investment company” under the Internal
Revenue Code.
Options on Foreign Currencies. A Fund may buy put and call options and write covered call and cash-secured put options on foreign currencies for hedging purposes and to gain exposure to foreign currencies. For example, a decline in
the dollar value of a foreign currency in which securities are denominated will reduce the dollar value of such securities, even if their value in the foreign currency remains constant. In order to protect against the diminutions in the value of
securities, a Fund may buy put options on the foreign currency. If the value of the currency does decline, a Fund would have the right to sell the currency for a fixed amount in dollars and would thereby offset, in whole or in part, the adverse
effect on its portfolio that otherwise would have resulted.
Conversely, where a change in the dollar value of a
currency would increase the cost of securities a Fund plans to buy, or where a Fund would benefit from increased exposure to the currency, a Fund may buy call options on the foreign currency, giving it the right to purchase the currency for a fixed
amount in dollars. The purchase of the options could offset, at least partially, the changes in exchange rates.
As in the case of other types of options, however,
the benefit to a Fund derived from purchases of foreign currency options would be reduced by the amount of the premium and related transaction costs. In addition, where currency exchange rates do not move in the direction or to the extent
anticipated, a Fund could sustain losses on transactions in foreign currency options that would require it to forego a portion or all of the benefits of advantageous changes in rates.
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A Fund may write options on foreign currencies for
similar purposes. For example, when a Fund anticipates a decline in the dollar value of foreign-denominated securities due to adverse fluctuations in exchange rates, it could, instead of purchasing a put option, write a call option on the relevant
currency, giving the option holder the right to purchase that currency from the Fund for a fixed amount in dollars. If the expected decline occurs, the option would most likely not be exercised and the diminution in value of securities would be
offset, at least partially, by the amount of the premium received.
Similarly, instead of purchasing a call option when
a foreign currency is expected to appreciate, a Fund could write a put option on the relevant currency, giving the option holder the right to that currency from the Fund for a fixed amount in dollars. If rates move in the manner projected, the put
option would expire unexercised and allow the Fund to hedge increased cost up to the amount of the premium.
As in the case of other types of options, however,
the writing of a foreign currency option will constitute only a partial hedge up to the amount of the premium, and only if rates move in the expected direction. If this does not occur, the option may be exercised and the Fund would be required to
buy or sell the underlying currency at a loss that may not be offset by the amount of the premium. Through the writing of options on foreign currencies, the Fund also may be required to forego all or a portion of the benefits that might otherwise
have been obtained from favorable movements on exchange rates.
An option written on foreign currencies is covered
if a Fund holds currency sufficient to cover the option or has an absolute and immediate right to acquire that currency without additional cash consideration upon conversion of assets denominated in that currency or exchange of other currency held
in its portfolio. An option writer could lose amounts substantially in excess of its initial investments, due to the margin and collateral requirements associated with such positions.
Options on foreign currencies are traded through
financial institutions acting as market-makers, although foreign currency options also are traded on certain national securities exchanges, such as the Philadelphia Stock Exchange and the Chicago Board Options Exchange, subject to SEC regulation. In
an over-the-counter trading environment, many of the protections afforded to exchange participants will not be available. For example, there are no daily price fluctuation limits, and adverse market movements could therefore continue to an unlimited
extent over a period of time. Although the purchaser of an option cannot lose more than the amount of the premium plus related transaction costs, this entire amount could be lost.
Foreign currency option positions entered into on a
national securities exchange are cleared and guaranteed by the OCC, thereby reducing the risk of counterparty default. Further, a liquid secondary market in options traded on a national securities exchange may be more readily available than in the
over-the-counter market, potentially permitting a Fund to liquidate open positions at a profit prior to exercise or expiration, or to limit losses in the event of adverse market movements.
Foreign Currency Futures and Related Options. A Fund may enter into currency futures contracts to buy or sell currencies. It also may buy put and call options and write covered call and cash-secured put options on currency futures. Currency
futures contracts are similar to currency forward contracts, except that they are traded on exchanges (and have margin requirements) and are standardized as to contract size and delivery date. Most currency futures call for payment of delivery in
U.S. dollars. A Fund may use currency futures for the same purposes as currency forward contracts, subject to CFTC limitations.
Currency futures and options on futures values can
be expected to correlate with exchange rates, but will not reflect other factors that may affect the value of the Fund’s investments. A currency hedge, for example, should protect a Yen-denominated bond against a decline in the Yen, but will
not protect a Fund against price decline if the issuer’s creditworthiness deteriorates. Because the value of a Fund’s investments denominated in foreign currency will change in response to many factors other than exchange rates, it may
not be possible to match the amount of a forward contract to the value of a Fund’s investments denominated in that currency over time.
Although one or more of the other risks described in
this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with foreign currency transactions include: Foreign Currency Risk, Derivatives Risk, Interest Rate Risk, and Liquidity Risk.
Foreign Securities
Unless otherwise stated in a Fund’s prospectus, stocks, bonds
and other securities or investments are deemed to be “foreign” based primarily on the issuer’s place of organization/incorporation, but the Fund may also consider, under circumstances the Fund’s portfolio manager deems
relevant, the issuer’s domicile, its principal place of business, its primary stock exchange listing, the source of its revenue or other factors. A Fund’s investments in foreign markets, may include issuers in emerging markets, as well
as frontier markets, each of which carry heightened risks as compared with investments in other typical foreign markets. Unless otherwise stated in a Fund’s prospectus, emerging market countries are generally those either defined by World
Bank-defined per capita income brackets or determined to be an emerging market based on the Fund portfolio manager’s qualitative judgments about a country’s level of economic and institutional development, among other factors. Frontier
market countries generally have smaller economies and even less developed capital markets than typical emerging market countries (which themselves have increased investment risk relative to investing in more developed markets) and, as a result, the
risks of investing
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in emerging market countries are magnified in frontier market
countries. Foreign securities may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Types of Investments – Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Types of Investments – Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Types of Investments – Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Due to the potential for foreign withholding taxes,
MSCI publishes two versions of its indices reflecting the reinvestment of dividends using two different methodologies: gross dividends and net dividends. While both versions reflect reinvested dividends, they differ with respect to the manner in
which taxes associated with dividend payments are treated. In calculating the net dividends version, MSCI incorporates reinvested dividends applying the withholding tax rate applicable to foreign non-resident institutional investors that do not
benefit from double taxation treaties. The Investment Manager believes that the net dividends version of MSCI indices better reflects the returns U.S. investors might expect were they to invest directly in the component securities of an MSCI
index.
There is a practice in certain foreign
markets under which an issuer’s securities are blocked from trading at the custodian or sub-custodian level for a specified number of days before and, in certain instances, after a shareholder meeting where such shares are voted. This is
referred to as “share blocking”. The blocking period can last up to several weeks. Share blocking may prevent a Fund from buying or selling securities during this period, because during the time shares are blocked, trades in such
securities will not settle. It may be difficult or impossible to lift blocking restrictions, with the particular requirements varying widely by country. As a consequence of these restrictions, the Investment Manager, on behalf of a Fund, may abstain
from voting proxies in markets that require share blocking.
Foreign securities may include depositary receipts,
such as American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), European Depositary Receipts (EDRs) and Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs). ADRs are U.S. dollar-denominated receipts issued in registered form by a domestic bank or trust company that evidence ownership
of underlying securities issued by a foreign issuer. EDRs are foreign currency-denominated receipts issued in Europe, typically by foreign banks or trust companies and foreign branches of domestic banks, that evidence ownership of foreign or
domestic securities. GDRs are receipts structured similarly to ADRs and EDRs and are marketed globally. Depositary receipts will not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as their underlying securities. In general, ADRs, in registered
form, are designed for use in the U.S. securities markets, and EDRs, in bearer form, are designed for use in European securities markets. GDRs are tradable both in the United States and in Europe and are designed for use throughout the world. A Fund
may invest in depositary receipts through “sponsored” or “unsponsored” facilities. A sponsored facility is established jointly by the issuer of the underlying security and a depositary, whereas a depositary may establish an
unsponsored facility without participation by the issuer of the deposited security. Holders of unsponsored depositary receipts generally bear all the costs of such facilities and the depositary of an unsponsored facility frequently is under no
obligation to distribute interest holder communications received from the issuer of the deposited security or to pass through voting rights to the holders of such receipts in respect of the deposited securities. The issuers of unsponsored depositary
receipts are not obligated to disclose material information in the United States, and, therefore, there may be limited information available regarding such issuers and/or limited correlation between available information and the market value of the
depositary receipts.
Although one or more of the other
risks described in this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with foreign securities include: Emerging Markets Securities Risk, Foreign Currency Risk, Foreign Securities Risk, Frontier Market Risk, Geographic Focus Risk, Issuer Risk
and Market Risk.
Guaranteed Investment
Contracts (Funding Agreements)
Guaranteed investment
contracts, or funding agreements, are short-term, privately placed debt instruments issued by insurance companies. Pursuant to such contracts, a Fund may make cash contributions to a deposit fund of the insurance company’s general account. The
insurance company then credits to a Fund payments at negotiated, floating or fixed interest rates. A Fund will purchase guaranteed investment contracts only from issuers that, at the time of purchase, meet certain credit and quality standards. In
general, guaranteed investment contracts are not assignable or transferable without the permission of the issuing insurance companies, and an active secondary market does not exist for these investments. In addition, the issuer may not be able to
pay the principal amount to a Fund on seven days’ notice or less, at which time the investment may be considered illiquid under applicable SEC regulatory guidance and subject to certain restrictions. See Types of Investments – Illiquid Securities.
Although one or more of the other risks described in
this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with guaranteed investment contracts (funding agreements) include: Credit Risk and Liquidity Risk.
High-Yield Securities
High-yield, or low and below investment grade securities (below
investment grade securities are also known as “junk bonds”) are debt securities with the lowest investment grade rating (e.g., BBB by S&P and Fitch or Baa by Moody’s), that are below
investment grade (e.g., lower than BBB by S&P and Fitch or Baa by Moody’s) or that are unrated but determined by a Fund’s
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portfolio manager to be of comparable quality. These types of
securities may be issued to fund corporate transactions or restructurings, such as leveraged buyouts, mergers, acquisitions, debt reclassifications or similar events, are more speculative in nature than securities with higher ratings and tend to be
more sensitive to credit risk, particularly during a downturn in the economy. These types of securities generally are issued by unseasoned companies without long track records of sales and earnings, or by companies or municipalities that have
questionable credit strength. High-yield securities and comparable unrated securities: (i) likely will have some quality and protective characteristics that, in the judgment of one or more NRSROs, are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk
exposures to adverse conditions; (ii) are speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation; and (iii) may have a less liquid secondary market, potentially
making it difficult to value or sell such securities. Credit ratings issued by credit rating agencies are designed to evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments of rated securities. They do not, however, evaluate the market value risk of
lower-quality securities and, therefore, may not fully reflect the true risks of an investment. In addition, credit rating agencies may or may not make timely changes in a rating to reflect changes in the economy or in the condition of the issuer
that affect the market value of the securities. Consequently, credit ratings are used only as a preliminary indicator of investment quality. High-yield securities may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon,
pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Types of Investments – Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Types of Investments –
Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Types of Investments – Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
The rates of return on these types of securities
generally are higher than the rates of return available on more highly rated securities, but generally involve greater volatility of price and risk of loss of principal and income, including the possibility of default by or insolvency of the issuers
of such securities. Accordingly, a Fund may be more dependent on the Investment Manager’s (or, if applicable, a subadviser’s) credit analysis with respect to these types of securities than is the case for more highly rated
securities.
The market values of certain
high-yield securities and comparable unrated securities tend to be more sensitive to individual corporate developments and changes in economic conditions than are the market values of more highly rated securities. In addition, issuers of high-yield
and comparable unrated securities often are highly leveraged and may not have more traditional methods of financing available to them, so that their ability to service their debt obligations during an economic downturn or during sustained periods of
rising interest rates may be impaired.
The
risk of loss due to default is greater for high-yield and comparable unrated securities than it is for higher rated securities because high-yield securities and comparable unrated securities generally are unsecured and frequently are subordinated to
more senior indebtedness. A Fund may incur additional expenses to the extent that it is required to seek recovery upon a default in the payment of principal or interest on its holdings of such securities. The existence of limited markets for
lower-rated debt securities may diminish a Fund’s ability to: (i) obtain accurate market quotations for purposes of valuing such securities and calculating portfolio net asset value; and (ii) sell the securities at fair market value either to
meet redemption requests or to respond to changes in the economy or in financial markets.
Many lower-rated securities are not registered for
offer and sale to the public under the 1933 Act. Investments in these restricted securities may be determined to be liquid (able to be sold within seven days at approximately the price at which they are valued by a Fund) pursuant to policies
approved by the Fund’s Directors. Investments in illiquid securities, including restricted securities that have not been determined to be liquid, may not exceed 15% of a Fund’s net assets. A Fund is not otherwise subject to any
limitation on its ability to invest in restricted securities. Restricted securities may be less liquid than other lower-rated securities, potentially making it difficult to value or sell such securities.
Although one or more of the other risks described in
this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with high-yield securities include: Credit Risk, Interest Rate Risk, High-Yield Securities Risk and Prepayment and Extension Risk.
Illiquid Securities
Illiquid securities are defined by a Fund consistent with the SEC
staff’s current guidance and interpretations which provide that an illiquid security is an asset which may not be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the value at which a Fund has valued
the investment on its books. Some securities, such as those not registered under U.S. securities laws, cannot be sold in public transactions. Some securities are deemed to be illiquid because they are subject to contractual or legal restrictions on
resale. Subject to its investment policies, a Fund may invest in illiquid investments and may invest in certain restricted securities that are deemed to be illiquid securities at the time of purchase.
Although one or more of the other risks described in
this SAI may also apply, the risk typically associated with illiquid securities include: Liquidity Risk.
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Inflation-Protected Securities
Inflation is a general rise in prices of goods and services.
Inflation erodes the purchasing power of an investor’s assets. For example, if an investment provides a total return of 7% in a given year and inflation is 3% during that period, the inflation-adjusted, or real, return is 4%.
Inflation-protected securities are debt securities whose principal and/or interest payments are adjusted for inflation, unlike debt securities that make fixed principal and interest payments. One type of inflation-protected debt security is issued
by the U.S. Treasury. The principal of these securities is adjusted for inflation as indicated by the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for urban consumers and interest is paid on the adjusted amount. The CPI is a measurement of changes in the cost of
living, made up of components such as housing, food, transportation and energy.
If the CPI falls, the principal value of
inflation-protected securities will be adjusted downward, and consequently the interest payable on these securities (calculated with respect to a smaller principal amount) will be reduced. Conversely, if the CPI rises, the principal value of
inflation-protected securities will be adjusted upward, and consequently the interest payable on these securities will be increased. Repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity is guaranteed in the case of U.S. Treasury
inflation-protected securities, even during a period of deflation. However, the current market value of the inflation-protected securities is not guaranteed and will fluctuate. Other inflation-indexed securities include inflation-related bonds,
which may or may not provide a similar guarantee. If a guarantee of principal is not provided, the adjusted principal value of the bond repaid at maturity may be less than the original principal.
Other issuers of inflation-protected debt securities
include other U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities, corporations and foreign governments. There can be no assurance that the CPI or any foreign inflation index will accurately measure the real rate of inflation in the prices of goods and
services. Moreover, there can be no assurance that the rate of inflation in a foreign country will be correlated to the rate of inflation in the United States. If interest rates rise due to reasons other than inflation (for example, due to changes
in currency exchange rates), investors in these securities may not be protected to the extent that the increase is not reflected in the bond’s inflation measure.
Any increase in principal for an inflation-protected
security resulting from inflation adjustments is considered by IRS regulations to be taxable income in the year it occurs. For direct holders of an inflation-protected security, this means that taxes must be paid on principal adjustments even though
these amounts are not received until the bond matures. Similarly, a Fund treated as a regulated investment company (RIC) under the Code that holds these securities distributes both interest income and the income attributable to principal adjustments
in the form of cash or reinvested shares, which are taxable to shareholders.
Although one or more of the other risks described in
this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with inflation-protected securities include: Inflation-Protected Securities Risk, Interest Rate Risk and Market Risk. In addition, inflation-protected securities issued by non-U.S. government
agencies or instrumentalities are subject to Credit Risk.
Initial Public Offerings
A Fund may invest in initial public offerings (IPOs) of common
stock or other primary or secondary syndicated offerings of equity or debt securities issued by a corporate issuer. Fixed income funds frequently invest in these types of offerings of debt securities. A purchase of IPO securities often involves
higher transaction costs than those associated with the purchase of securities already traded on exchanges or markets. A Fund may hold IPO securities for a period of time, or may sell them soon after the purchase. Investments in IPOs could have a
magnified impact — either positive or negative — on a Fund’s performance while the Fund’s assets are relatively small. The impact of an IPO on a Fund’s performance may tend to diminish as the Fund’s assets grow.
In circumstances when investments in IPOs make a significant contribution to a Fund’s performance, there can be no assurance that similar contributions from IPOs will continue in the future.
Although one or more risks
described in this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with IPOs include: IPO Risk, Issuer Risk, Liquidity Risk, Market Risk and Small Company Securities Risk.
Inverse Floaters
See Types of
Investments – Derivatives – Indexed or Linked Securities (Structured Products) above.
Investments in Other Investment Companies (Including
ETFs)
Investing in other investment companies may be a means
by which a Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective. A Fund may invest in securities issued by other investment companies within the limits prescribed by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any exemptive relief currently or
in the future available to a Fund. These securities include shares of other open-end investment companies (i.e., mutual funds), closed-end funds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), UCITS funds (pooled investment
vehicles established in accordance with the Undertaking for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities adopted by European Union member states) and business development companies.
Except with respect to funds structured as
funds-of-funds or so-called master/feeder funds or other funds whose strategies otherwise allow such investments, the 1940 Act generally requires that a fund limit its investments in another investment company or series thereof so that, as
determined at the time a securities purchase is made: (i) no more than 5% of the value of its
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total assets will be invested in the securities of any one
investment company; (ii) no more than 10% of the value of its total assets will be invested in the aggregate in securities of other investment companies; and (iii) no more than 3% of the outstanding voting stock of any one investment company or
series thereof will be owned by a fund or by companies controlled by a fund. Such other investment companies may include ETFs, which are shares of publicly traded unit investment trusts, open-end funds or depositary receipts that may be passively
managed (e.g., they seek to track the performance of specific indexes or companies in related industries) or they may be actively managed. The SEC has granted orders for exemptive relief to certain ETFs that
permit investments in those ETFs by certain other registered investment companies in excess of these limits.
ETFs are listed on an exchange and trade in the
secondary market on a per-share basis, which allows investors to purchase and sell ETF shares at their market price throughout the day. Certain ETFs, such as passively managed ETFs, hold portfolios of securities that are designed to replicate, as
closely as possible before expenses, the price and yield of a specified market index. The performance results of these ETFs will not replicate exactly the performance of the pertinent index due to transaction and other expenses, including fees to
service providers borne by ETFs. ETF shares are sold and redeemed at net asset value only in large blocks called creation units. The Funds’ ability to redeem creation units may be limited by the 1940 Act, which provides that ETFs will not be
obligated to redeem shares held by the Funds in an amount exceeding one percent of their total outstanding securities during any period of less than 30 days.
Although a Fund may derive certain advantages from
being able to invest in shares of other investment companies, such as to be fully invested, there may be potential disadvantages. Investing in other investment companies may result in higher fees and expenses for a Fund and its shareholders. A
shareholder may be charged fees not only on Fund shares held directly but also on the investment company shares that a Fund purchases. Because these investment companies may invest in other securities, they are also subject to the risks associated
with a variety of investment instruments as described in this SAI.
Under the 1940 Act and rules and regulations
thereunder, a Fund may purchase shares of affiliated funds, subject to certain conditions. Investing in affiliated funds may present certain actual or potential conflicts of interest. For more information about such actual and potential conflicts of
interest, see Investment Management and Other Services – Other Roles and Relationships of Ameriprise Financial and its Affiliates – Certain Conflicts of Interest.
Although
one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with the securities of other investment companies include: Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF) Risk, Investing in Other Funds Risk, Issuer Risk and Market
Risk.
Listed Private Equity Funds
A Fund may invest directly in listed private equity
funds, which may include, among others, business development companies, investment holding companies, publicly traded limited partnership interests (common units), publicly traded venture capital funds, publicly traded venture capital trusts,
publicly traded private equity funds, publicly traded private equity investment trusts, publicly traded closed-end funds, publicly traded financial institutions that lend to or invest in privately held companies and any other publicly traded vehicle
whose purpose is to invest in privately held companies.
A Fund may invest in listed private equity funds
that hold investments in a wide array of businesses and industries at various stages of development, from early stage to later stage to fully mature businesses. A Fund may invest in listed private equity funds that emphasize making equity and
equity-like (preferred stock, convertible stock and warrants) investments in later stage to mature businesses, or may invest in listed private equity funds making debt investments or investments in companies at other stages of development. In
addition, a Fund may invest in the common stock of closed-end management investment companies, including business development companies that invest in securities of listed private equity companies.
Although one or more of the other risks described in
this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with investment in listed private equity funds include: Credit Risk, Liquidity Risk, Market Risk, Sector Risk, and Valuation Risk.
Money Market Instruments
Money market instruments include cash equivalents and short-term
debt obligations which include: (i) bank obligations, including certificates of deposit (CDs), time deposits and bankers’ acceptances, and letters of credit of banks or savings and loan associations having capital surplus and undivided profits
(as of the date of its most recently published annual financial statements) in excess of $100 million (or the equivalent in the instance of a foreign branch of a U.S. bank) at the date of investment; (ii) funding agreements; (iii) repurchase
agreements; (iv) obligations of the United States, foreign countries and supranational entities, and each of their subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities; (v) certain corporate debt securities, such as commercial paper, short-term corporate
obligations and extendible commercial notes; (vi) participation interests; and (vii) municipal securities. Money market instruments may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations and may be privately placed or publicly offered.
A Fund may also invest in affiliated and unaffiliated money market mutual funds, which invest primarily in money market instruments. See Types of Investments – Variable- and Floating-Rate
Obligations and Types of Investments – Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
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With respect to money market securities, certain
U.S. Government obligations are backed or insured by the U.S. Government, its agencies or its instrumentalities. Other money market securities are backed only by the claims paying ability or creditworthiness of the issuer.
Bankers’ acceptances are marketable short-term credit instruments used to finance the import, export, transfer or storage of goods. They are termed “accepted” when a bank unconditionally guarantees their payment at
maturity.
A Fund may invest its daily
cash balance in Columbia Short-Term Cash Fund, a money market fund established for the exclusive use of the funds in the Columbia Fund Complex and other institutional clients of the Investment Manager.
Although one or more of
the other risks described in this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with money market instruments include: Credit Risk, Inflation Risk, Interest Rate Risk, Issuer Risk and Money Market Fund Risk.
Mortgage-Backed Securities
Mortgage-backed securities are a type of asset-backed security that
represent interests in, or debt instruments backed by, pools of underlying mortgages. In some cases, these underlying mortgages may be insured or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its agencies. Mortgage-backed securities entitle the security
holders to receive distributions that are tied to the payments made on the underlying mortgage collateral (less fees paid to the originator, servicer, or other parties, and fees paid for credit enhancement), so that the payments made on the
underlying mortgage collateral effectively pass through to such security holders. Mortgage-backed securities are created when mortgage originators (or mortgage loan sellers who have purchased mortgage loans from mortgage loan originators) sell the
underlying mortgages to a special purpose entity in a process called a securitization. The special purpose entity issues securities that are backed by the payments on the underlying mortgage loans, and have a minimum denomination and specific term.
Mortgage-backed securities may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Types of Investments – Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Types of Investments – Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Types of Investments – Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Mortgage-backed securities may be issued or
guaranteed by GNMA (also known as Ginnie Mae), FNMA (also known as Fannie Mae), or FHLMC (also known as Freddie Mac), but also may be issued or guaranteed by other issuers, including private companies. GNMA is a government-owned corporation that is
an agency of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. It guarantees, with the full faith and credit of the United States, full and timely payment of all monthly principal and interest on its mortgage-backed securities. Until recently,
FNMA and FHLMC were government-sponsored corporations owned entirely by private stockholders. Both issue mortgage-related securities that contain guarantees as to timely payment of interest and principal but that are not backed by the full faith and
credit of the U.S. Government. The value of the companies’ securities fell sharply in 2008 due to concerns that the firms did not have sufficient capital to offset losses. The U.S. Treasury has historically had the authority to purchase
obligations of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. In addition, in 2008, due to capitalization concerns, Congress provided the U.S. Treasury with additional authority to lend Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac emergency funds and to purchase the companies’
stock, as described below. In September 2008, the U.S. Treasury and the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) announced that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac had been placed in conservatorship.
In the past Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have received
significant capital support through U.S. Treasury preferred stock purchases and Federal Reserve purchases of their mortgage-backed securities. There can be no assurance that these or other agencies of the government will provide such support in the
future. The future status of Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac could be impacted by, among other things, the actions taken and restrictions placed on Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac by the FHFA in its role as conservator, the restrictions placed on Fannie
Mae’s or Freddie Mac’s operations and activities under the senior stock purchase agreements, market responses to developments at Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, and future legislative and regulatory action that alters the operations,
ownership structure and/or mission of Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, each of which may, in turn, impact the value of, and cash flows on, any securities guaranteed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
Stripped mortgage-backed securities are a type of
mortgage-backed security that receives differing proportions of the interest and principal payments from the underlying assets. Generally, there are two classes of stripped mortgage-backed securities: Interest Only (IO) and Principal Only (PO). IOs
entitle the holder to receive distributions consisting of all or a portion of the interest on the underlying pool of mortgage loans or mortgage-backed securities. POs entitle the holder to receive distributions consisting of all or a portion of the
principal of the underlying pool of mortgage loans or mortgage-backed securities. See Types of Investments – Stripped Securities for more information.
Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (CMOs) are
hybrid mortgage-related instruments issued by special purpose entities secured by pools of mortgage loans or other mortgage-related securities, such as mortgage pass-through securities or stripped mortgage-backed securities. CMOs may be structured
into multiple classes, often referred to as “tranches,” with each class bearing a different stated maturity and entitled to a different schedule for payments of principal and interest, including prepayments. Principal prepayments on
collateral underlying a CMO may cause it to be retired substantially earlier than its stated maturity or
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final distribution dates, resulting in a loss of all or part of the
premium if any has been paid. The yield characteristics of mortgage-backed securities differ from those of other debt securities. Among the differences are that interest and principal payments are made more frequently on mortgage-backed securities,
usually monthly, and principal may be repaid at any time. These factors may reduce the expected yield. Interest is paid or accrues on all classes of the CMOs on a periodic basis. The principal and interest payments on the underlying mortgage assets
may be allocated among the various classes of CMOs in several ways. Typically, payments of principal, including any prepayments, on the underlying mortgage assets are applied to the classes in the order of their respective stated maturities or final
distribution dates, so that no payment of principal is made on CMOs of a class until all CMOs of other classes having earlier stated maturities or final distribution dates have been paid in full.
Commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS) are a
specific type of mortgage-backed security collateralized by a pool of mortgages on commercial real estate.
CMO residuals are mortgage securities issued by
agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, homebuilders, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose
entities of the foregoing. The cash flow generated by the mortgage assets underlying a series of CMOs is applied first to make required payments of principal and interest on the CMOs and second to pay the related administrative expenses and any
management fee of the issuer. The residual in a CMO structure generally represents the interest in any excess cash flow remaining after making the foregoing payments. Each payment of such excess cash flow to a holder of the related CMO residual
represents income and/or a return of capital. The amount of residual cash flow resulting from a CMO will depend on, among other things, the characteristics of the mortgage assets, the coupon rate of each class of CMO, prevailing interest rates, the
amount of administrative expenses and the pre-payment experience on the mortgage assets. In particular, the yield to maturity on CMO residuals is extremely sensitive to pre-payments on the related underlying mortgage assets, in the same manner as an
interest-only (“IO”) class of stripped mortgage-backed securities. In addition, if a series of a CMO includes a class that bears interest at an adjustable rate, the yield to maturity on the related CMO residual will also be extremely
sensitive to changes in the level of the index upon which interest rate adjustments are based. As described below with respect to stripped mortgage-backed securities, in certain circumstances an ETF may fail to recoup fully its initial investment in
a CMO residual. CMO residuals are generally purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers. Transactions in CMO residuals are generally completed only after careful review of the
characteristics of the securities in question. In addition, CMO residuals may, or pursuant to an exemption therefrom, may not have been registered under the 1933 Act. CMO residuals, whether or not registered under the 1933 Act, may be subject to
certain restrictions on transferability, and may be deemed “illiquid” and subject to a Fund’s limitations on investment in illiquid securities.
Mortgage pass-through securities are interests in
pools of mortgage-related securities that differ from other forms of debt securities, which normally provide for periodic payment of interest in fixed amounts with principal payments at maturity or specified call dates. Instead, these securities
provide a monthly payment which consists of both interest and principal payments. In effect, these payments are a “pass-through” of the monthly payments made by the individual borrowers on their residential or commercial mortgage loans,
net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of such securities. Additional payments are caused by repayments of principal resulting from the sale of the underlying property, refinancing or foreclosure, net of fees or costs which may be incurred.
Some mortgage-related securities (such as securities issued by the GNMA) are described as “modified pass-through.” These securities entitle the holder to receive all interest and principal payments owed on the mortgage pool, net of
certain fees, at the scheduled payment dates regardless of whether or not the mortgagor actually makes the payment.
REMICs are entities that own mortgages and elect
REMIC status under the Code and, like CMOs, issue debt obligations collateralized by underlying mortgage assets that have characteristics similar to those issued by CMOs.
Although one or more of the other
risks described in this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with mortgage- and asset-backed securities include: Credit Risk, Interest Rate Risk, Issuer Risk, Liquidity Risk, Mortgage- and Other Asset-Backed Securities Risk, Prepayment
and Extension Risk and Reinvestment Risk.
Municipal Securities
Municipal securities include debt obligations issued by
governmental entities, including states, political subdivisions, agencies, instrumentalities, and authorities, as well as U.S. territories (such as Guam and Puerto Rico) and their political subdivisions, agencies, instrumentalities, and authorities,
to obtain funds for various public purposes, including the construction of a wide range of public facilities, the refunding of outstanding obligations, the payment of general operating expenses, and the extension of loans to public institutions and
facilities.
Municipal securities may include
municipal bonds, municipal notes and municipal leases, which are described below. Municipal bonds are debt obligations of a governmental entity that obligate the municipality to pay the holder a specified sum of money at specified intervals and to
repay the principal amount of the loan at maturity. Municipal securities can be classified into two principal categories, including “general obligation” bonds and other securities and “revenue” bonds and other securities.
General obligation bonds are secured by the issuer’s full faith, credit and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest. Revenue
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securities are payable only from the revenues derived from a
particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases, from the proceeds of a special excise tax or other specific revenue source, such as the user of the facility being financed. Municipal securities also may include “moral
obligation” securities, which normally are issued by special purpose public authorities. If the issuer of moral obligation securities is unable to meet its debt service obligations from current revenues, it may draw on a reserve fund, the
restoration of which is a moral commitment but not a legal obligation of the governmental entity that created the special purpose public authority. Municipal securities may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as
zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Types of Investments – Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Types of Investments
– Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Types of Investments – Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Municipal notes may be issued by governmental
entities and other tax-exempt issuers in order to finance short-term cash needs or, occasionally, to finance construction. Most municipal notes are general obligations of the issuing entity payable from taxes or designated revenues expected to be
received within the relevant fiscal period. Municipal notes generally have maturities of one year or less. Municipal notes can be subdivided into two sub-categories: (i) municipal commercial paper and (ii) municipal demand obligations.
Municipal commercial paper typically consists of
very short-term unsecured negotiable promissory notes that are sold, for example, to meet seasonal working capital or interim construction financing needs of a governmental entity or agency. While these obligations are intended to be paid from
general revenues or refinanced with long-term debt, they frequently are backed by letters of credit, lending agreements, note repurchase agreements or other credit facility agreements offered by banks or institutions. See Types of Investments – Commercial Paper for more information.
Municipal demand obligations can be subdivided into
two general types: variable rate demand notes and master demand obligations. Variable rate demand notes are tax-exempt municipal obligations or participation interests that provide for a periodic adjustment in the interest rate paid on the notes.
They permit the holder to demand payment of the notes, or to demand purchase of the notes at a purchase price equal to the unpaid principal balance, plus accrued interest either directly by the issuer or by drawing on a bank letter of credit or
guaranty issued with respect to such note. The issuer of the municipal obligation may have a corresponding right to prepay at its discretion the outstanding principal of the note plus accrued interest upon notice comparable to that required for the
holder to demand payment. The variable rate demand notes in which a Fund may invest are payable, or are subject to purchase, on demand, usually on notice of seven calendar days or less. The terms of the notes generally provide that interest rates
are adjustable at intervals ranging from daily to six months.
Master demand obligations are tax-exempt municipal
obligations that provide for a periodic adjustment in the interest rate paid and permit daily changes in the amount borrowed. The interest on such obligations is, in the opinion of counsel for the borrower, excluded from gross income for U.S.
federal income tax purposes (but not necessarily for alternative minimum tax purposes). Although there is no secondary market for master demand obligations, such obligations are considered by a Fund to be liquid because they are payable upon
demand.
Municipal lease obligations are
participations in privately arranged loans to state or local government borrowers and may take the form of a lease, an installment purchase, or a conditional sales contract. They are issued by state and local governments and authorities to acquire
land, equipment, and facilities. An investor may purchase these obligations directly, or it may purchase participation interests in such obligations. In general, municipal lease obligations are unrated, in which case they will be determined by a
Fund’s portfolio manager to be of comparable quality at the time of purchase to rated instruments that may be acquired by a Fund. Frequently, privately arranged loans have variable interest rates and may be backed by a bank letter of credit.
In other cases, they may be unsecured or may be secured by assets not easily liquidated.
Moreover, such loans in most cases are not backed by
the taxing authority of the issuers and may have limited marketability or may be marketable only by virtue of a provision requiring repayment following demand by the lender.
Municipal leases may be subject to greater risks
than general obligation or revenue bonds. State constitutions and statutes set forth requirements that states or municipalities must meet in order to issue municipal obligations. Municipal leases may contain a covenant by the state or municipality
to budget for and make payments due under the obligation. Certain municipal leases may, however, provide that the issuer is not obligated to make payments on the obligation in future years unless funds have been appropriated for this purpose each
year.
Although lease obligations do not
constitute general obligations of the municipal issuer to which the government’s taxing power is pledged, a lease obligation ordinarily is backed by the government’s covenant to budget for, appropriate, and make the payments due under
the lease obligation. However, certain lease obligations contain “non-appropriation” clauses that provide that the government has no obligation to make lease or installment purchase payments in future years unless money is appropriated
for such purpose on a periodic basis. In the case of a “non-appropriation” lease, a Fund’s ability to recover under the lease in the event of non-appropriation or default likely will be limited to the repossession of the leased
property in the event that foreclosure proves difficult.
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Tender option bonds are municipal securities having
relatively long maturities and bearing interest at a fixed interest rate substantially higher than prevailing short-term tax-exempt rates that is coupled with the agreement of a third party, such as a bank, broker-dealer or other financial
institution, to grant the security holders the option, at periodic intervals, to tender their securities to the institution and receive the face value thereof. The financial institution receives periodic fees equal to the difference between the
municipal security’s coupon rate and the rate that would cause the security to trade at face value on the date of determination.
There are variations in the quality of municipal
securities, both within a particular classification and between classifications, and the rates of return on municipal securities can depend on a variety of factors, including general money market conditions, the financial condition of the issuer,
general conditions of the municipal bond market, the size of a particular offering, the maturity of the obligation, and the rating of the issue. The ratings of NRSROs represent their opinions as to the quality of municipal securities. It should be
emphasized, however, that these ratings are general and are not absolute standards of quality, and municipal securities with the same maturity, interest rate, and rating may have different rates of return while municipal securities of the same
maturity and interest rate with different ratings may have the same rate of return. The municipal bond market is characterized by a large number of different issuers, many having smaller sized bond issues, and a wide choice of different maturities
within each issue. For these reasons, most municipal bonds do not trade on a daily basis and many trade only rarely. Because many of these bonds trade infrequently, the spread between the bid and offer may be wider and the time needed to develop a
bid or an offer may be longer than for other security markets. See Appendix A for a discussion of securities ratings. (See Types of Investments – Debt Obligations.)
Standby Commitments. Standby commitments are securities under which a purchaser, usually a bank or broker-dealer, agrees to purchase, for a fee, an amount of a Fund’s municipal obligations. The amount payable by a
bank or broker-dealer to purchase securities subject to a standby commitment typically will be substantially the same as the value of the underlying municipal securities. A Fund may pay for standby commitments either separately in cash or by paying
a higher price for portfolio securities that are acquired subject to such a commitment.
Although one or more of the other risks described in
this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with standby commitments include: Counterparty Risk, Market Risk and Municipal Securities Risk.
Taxable Municipal Obligations. Interest or other investment return is subject to federal income tax for certain types of municipal obligations for a variety of reasons. These municipal obligations do not qualify for the federal
income tax exemption because (a) they did not receive necessary authorization for tax-exempt treatment from state or local government authorities, (b) they exceed certain regulatory limitations on the cost of issuance for tax-exempt financing or (c)
they finance public or private activities that do not qualify for the federal income tax exemption. These non-qualifying activities might include, for example, certain types of multi-family housing, certain professional and local sports facilities,
refinancing of certain municipal debt, and borrowing to replenish a municipality’s underfunded pension plan.
See Appendix A for a discussion of securities
ratings. (See Types of Investments – Debt Obligations.)
Although one or more of the other
risks described in this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with municipal securities include: Credit Risk, Inflation Risk, Interest Rate Risk, Market Risk and Municipal Securities Risk.
Participation Interests
Participation interests (also called pass-through certificates or
securities) represent an interest in a pool of debt obligations, such as municipal bonds or notes that have been “packaged” by an intermediary, such as a bank or broker-dealer. Participation interests typically are issued by partnerships
or trusts through which a Fund receives principal and interest payments that are passed through to the holder of the participation interest from the payments made on the underlying debt obligations. The purchaser of a participation interest receives
an undivided interest in the underlying debt obligations. The issuers of the underlying debt obligations make interest and principal payments to the intermediary, as an initial purchaser, which are passed through to purchasers in the secondary
market, such as a Fund. Mortgage-backed securities are a common type of participation interest. Participation interests may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in- kind and step-coupon securities
and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Types of Investments – Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Types of Investments – Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon
Securities and Types of Investments – Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Loan participations also are a type of participation
interest. Loans, loan participations, and interests in securitized loan pools are interests in amounts owed by a corporate, governmental, or other borrower to a lender or consortium of lenders (typically banks, insurance companies, investment banks,
government agencies, or international agencies).
Although one or more of the other risks described in
this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with loan participations include: Confidential Information Access Risk, Credit Risk and Interest Rate Risk.
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Partnership Securities
The Fund may invest in securities issued by publicly traded
partnerships or master limited partnerships or limited liability companies (together referred to as “PTPs/MLPs”). These entities are limited partnerships or limited liability companies that may be publicly traded on stock exchanges or
markets such as the NYSE, the NYSE Alternext US LLC (“NYSE Alternext”) (formerly the American Stock Exchange) and NASDAQ. PTPs/MLPs often own businesses or properties relating to energy, natural resources or real estate, or may be
involved in the film industry or research and development activities. Generally PTPs/MLPs are operated under the supervision of one or more managing partners or members. Limited partners, unit holders, or members (such as a fund that invests in a
partnership) are not involved in the day-to-day management of the company. Limited partners, unit holders, or members are allocated income and capital gains associated with the partnership project in accordance with the terms of the partnership or
limited liability company agreement.
At times
PTPs/MLPs may potentially offer relatively high yields compared to common stocks. Because PTPs/MLPs are generally treated as partnerships or similar limited liability “pass-through” entities for tax purposes, they do not ordinarily pay
income taxes, but pass their earnings on to unit holders (except in the case of some publicly traded firms that may be taxed as corporations). For tax purposes, unit holders may initially be deemed to receive only a portion of the distributions
attributed to them because certain other portions may be attributed to the repayment of initial investments and may thereby lower the cost basis of the units or shares owned by unit holders. As a result, unit holders may effectively defer taxation
on the receipt of some distributions until they sell their units. These tax consequences may differ for different types of entities.
Although one or more of the other risks described in
this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with partnership securities include: Interest Rate Risk, Issuer Risk, Liquidity Risk and Market Risk.
Preferred Stock
Preferred stock represents units of ownership of a corporation that
frequently have dividends that are set at a specified rate. Preferred stock has preference over common stock in the payment of dividends and the liquidation of assets. Preferred stock shares some of the characteristics of both debt and equity.
Preferred stock ordinarily does not carry voting rights. Most preferred stock is cumulative; if dividends are passed (i.e., not paid for any reason), they accumulate and must be paid before common stock
dividends. Participating preferred stock entitles its holders to share in profits above and beyond the declared dividend, along with common shareholders, as distinguished from nonparticipating preferred stock, which is limited to the stipulated
dividend. Convertible preferred stock is exchangeable for a given number of shares of common stock and thus tends to be more volatile than nonconvertible preferred stock, which generally behaves more like a fixed income bond. Preferred stock may be
privately placed or publicly offered. The price of a preferred stock is generally determined by earnings, type of products or services, projected growth rates, experience of management, liquidity, and general market conditions of the markets on
which the stock trades. See Types of Investments – Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Auction preferred stock (APS) is a type of
adjustable-rate preferred stock with a dividend determined periodically in a Dutch auction process by corporate bidders. An APS is distinguished from standard preferred stock because its dividends change from time to time. Shares typically are
bought and sold at face values generally ranging from $100,000 to $500,000 per share. Holders of APS may not be able to sell their shares if an auction fails, such as when there are more shares of APS for sale at an auction than there are purchase
bids.
Although one or more of the other risks
described in this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with preferred stock include: Convertible Securities Risk, Issuer Risk, Liquidity Risk and Market Risk.
Private Placement and Other Restricted
Securities
Private placement securities are securities that
have been privately placed and are not registered under the 1933 Act. They are generally eligible for sale only to certain eligible investors. Private placements often may offer attractive opportunities for investment not otherwise available on the
open market. Private placement and other “restricted” securities often cannot be sold to the public without registration under the 1933 Act or the availability of an exemption from registration (such as Rules 144 or 144A), or they are
“not readily marketable” because they are subject to other legal or contractual delays in or restrictions on resale. Asset-backed securities, common stock, convertible securities, corporate debt securities, foreign securities, high-yield
securities, money market instruments, mortgage-backed securities, municipal securities, participation interests, preferred stock and other types of equity and debt instruments may be privately placed or restricted securities.
Private placements typically may be sold only to
qualified institutional buyers or, in the case of the initial sale of certain securities, such as those issued in collateralized debt obligations or collateralized loan obligations, to accredited investors (as defined in Rule 501(a) under the 1933
Act), or in a privately negotiated transaction or to a limited number of qualified purchasers, or in limited quantities after they have been held for a specified period of time and other conditions are met pursuant to an exemption from
registration.
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Although one or more of the other risks described in
this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with private placement and other restricted securities include: Issuer Risk, Liquidity Risk, Market Risk and Confidential Information Access Risk.
Real Estate Investment Trusts
Real estate investment trusts (REITs) are pooled investment
vehicles that manage a portfolio of real estate or real estate related loans to earn profits for their shareholders. REITs are generally classified as equity REITs, mortgage REITs or a combination of equity and mortgage REITs. Equity REITs invest
the majority of their assets directly in real property, such as shopping centers, nursing homes, office buildings, apartment complexes, and hotels, and derive income primarily from the collection of rents. Equity REITs can also realize capital gains
by selling properties that have appreciated in value. Mortgage REITs invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages and derive income from the collection of interest payments. REITs can be subject to extreme volatility due to
fluctuations in the demand for real estate, changes in interest rates, and adverse economic conditions.
Partnership units of real estate and other types of
companies sometimes are organized as master limited partnerships in which ownership interests are publicly traded.
Similar to regulated investment companies, REITs are
not taxed on income distributed to shareholders provided they comply with certain requirements under the Code. The failure of a REIT to continue to qualify as a REIT for tax purposes can materially affect its value. A Fund will indirectly bear its
proportionate share of any expenses paid by a REIT in which it invests. REITs often do not provide complete tax information until after the calendar year-end. Consequently, because of the delay, it may be necessary for a Fund investing in REITs to
request permission to extend the deadline for issuance of Forms 1099-DIV beyond January 31. In the alternative, amended Forms 1099-DIV may be sent.
Although one or more of the other risks described in
this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with REITs include: Interest Rate Risk, Issuer Risk, Market Risk and Real Estate-Related Investment Risk.
Repurchase Agreements
Repurchase agreements are agreements under which a Fund acquires a
security for a relatively short period of time (usually within seven days) subject to the obligation of a seller to repurchase and a Fund to resell such security at a fixed time and price (representing the Fund’s cost plus interest). The
repurchase agreement specifies the yield during the purchaser’s holding period. Repurchase agreements also may be viewed as loans made by a Fund that are collateralized by the securities subject to repurchase, which may consist of a variety of
security types. A Fund typically will enter into repurchase agreements only with commercial banks, registered broker-dealers and the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation. Such transactions are monitored to ensure that the value of the underlying
securities will be at least equal at all times to the total amount of the repurchase obligation, including any accrued interest.
Although one or more of the other risks described in
this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with repurchase agreements include: Counterparty Risk, Credit Risk, Issuer Risk, Market Risk and Repurchase Agreements Risk.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements
Reverse repurchase agreements are agreements under which a Fund
temporarily transfers possession of a portfolio instrument to another party, such as a bank or broker-dealer, in return for cash. At the same time, the Fund agrees to repurchase the instrument at an agreed-upon time (normally within 7 days) and
price which reflects an interest payment. A Fund generally retains the right to interest and principal payments on the security. Reverse repurchase agreements also may be viewed as borrowings made by a Fund.
Although one or more of the other risks described in
this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with reverse repurchase agreements include: Credit Risk, Interest Rate Risk, Issuer Risk, Leverage Risk, Market Risk and Reverse Repurchase Agreements Risk.
Short Sales
A Fund may sometimes sell securities short when it owns an equal
amount of the securities sold short. This is a technique known as selling short “against the box.” If a Fund makes a short sale “against the box,” it would not immediately deliver the securities sold and would not receive the
proceeds from the sale. The seller is said to have a short position in the securities sold until it delivers the securities sold, at which time it receives the proceeds of the sale. To secure its obligation to deliver securities sold short, a Fund
will deposit in escrow in a separate account with the custodian an equal amount of the securities sold short or securities convertible into or exchangeable for such securities. A Fund can close out its short position by purchasing and delivering an
equal amount of the securities sold short, rather than by delivering securities already held by a Fund, because a Fund might want to continue to receive interest and dividend payments on securities in its portfolio that are convertible into the
securities sold short.
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Short sales “against the box” entail
many of the same risks and considerations described below regarding short sales not “against the box.” However, when a Fund sells short “against the box” it typically limits the amount of its effective leverage. A
Fund’s decision to make a short sale “against the box” may be a technique to hedge against market risks when a Fund’s portfolio manager believes that the price of a security may decline, causing a decline in the value of a
security owned by a Fund or a security convertible into or exchangeable for such security. In such case, any future losses in a Fund’s long position would be reduced by a gain in the short position. The extent to which such gains or losses in
the long position are reduced will depend upon the amount of securities sold short relative to the amount of the securities a Fund owns, either directly or indirectly, and, in the case where a Fund owns convertible securities, changes in the
investment values or conversion premiums of such securities. Short sales may have adverse tax consequences to a Fund and its shareholders.
Subject to its fundamental and non-fundamental
investment policies, a Fund may engage in short sales that are not “against the box,” which are sales by a Fund of securities, contracts or instruments that it does not own in hopes of purchasing the same security, contract or instrument
at a later date at a lower price. The technique is also used to protect a profit in a long-term position in a security, commodity futures contract or other instrument. To make delivery to the buyer, a Fund must borrow or purchase the security. If
borrowed, a Fund is then obligated to replace the security borrowed from the third party, so a Fund must purchase the security at the market price at a later time. If the price of the security has increased during this time, then a Fund will incur a
loss equal to the increase in price of the security from the time of the short sale plus any premiums and interest paid to the third party. (Until the security is replaced, a Fund is required to pay to the lender amounts equal to any dividends or
interest which accrue during the period of the loan. To borrow the security, a Fund also may be required to pay a premium, which would increase the cost of the security sold. The proceeds of the short sale will be retained by the broker, to the
extent necessary to meet the margin requirements, until the short position is closed out.) Short sales of forward commitments and derivatives do not involve borrowing a security. These types of short sales may include futures, options, contracts for
differences, forward contracts on financial instruments and options such as contracts, credit-linked instruments, and swap contracts.
Although one or more of the other
risks described in this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with short sales include: Leverage Risk, Market Risk and Short Positions Risk.
Sovereign Debt
Sovereign debt obligations are issued or guaranteed by foreign
governments or their agencies. It may be in the form of conventional securities or other types of debt instruments such as loans or loan participations. A sovereign debtor’s willingness or ability to repay principal and pay interest in a
timely manner may be affected by a variety of factors, including its cash flow situation, the extent of its reserves, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt service burden to the
economy as a whole, the sovereign debtor’s policy toward international lenders, and the political constraints to which a sovereign debtor may be subject. (See also Types of Investments –
Foreign Securities.) In addition, there may be no legal recourse against a sovereign debtor in the event of a default.
Sovereign debt includes Brady Bonds, which are
securities issued under the framework of the Brady Plan, an initiative announced by former U.S. Treasury Secretary Nicholas F. Brady in 1989 as a mechanism for debtor nations to restructure their outstanding external commercial bank
indebtedness.
Although one or more of the
other risks described in this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with sovereign debt include: Credit Risk, Emerging Markets Securities Risk, Foreign Securities Risk, Issuer Risk and Market Risk.
Standby Commitments
See Types of
Investments – Municipal Securities above.
Stripped Securities
Stripped securities are the separate income or principal payments
of a debt security and evidence ownership in either the future interest or principal payments on an instrument. There are many different types and variations of stripped securities. For example, Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal
Securities (STRIPS) can be component parts of a U.S. Treasury security where the principal and interest components are traded independently through DTC, a clearing agency registered pursuant to Section 17A of the 1934 Act and created to hold
securities for its participants, and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions between participants through electronic computerized book-entries, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of certificates.
Treasury Investor Growth Receipts (TIGERs) are U.S. Treasury securities stripped by brokers. Stripped mortgage-backed securities, (SMBS) also can be issued by the U.S. Government or its agencies. Stripped securities may be structured as fixed-,
variable- or floating-rate obligations. See Types of Investments – Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations for more information.
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SMBS usually are structured with two or more classes
that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions from a pool of mortgage-backed assets. Common types of SMBS will be structured so that one class receives some of the interest and most of the principal from the
mortgage-backed assets, while another class receives most of the interest and the remainder of the principal.
Although one or more of the other risks described in
this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with stripped securities include: Credit Risk, Interest Rate Risk, Liquidity Risk, Prepayment and Extension Risk and Stripped Securities Risk
Trust-Preferred Securities
Trust-preferred securities, also known as trust-issued securities,
are securities that have characteristics of both debt and equity instruments and are typically treated by the Funds as debt investments.
Generally, trust-preferred securities are cumulative
preferred stocks issued by a trust that is created by a financial institution, such as a bank holding company. The financial institution typically creates the trust with the objective of increasing its capital by issuing subordinated debt to the
trust in return for cash proceeds that are reflected on the financial institutions balance sheet.
The primary asset owned by the trust is the
subordinated debt issued to the trust by the financial institution. The financial institution makes periodic interest payments on the debt as discussed further below. The financial institution will subsequently own the trust’s common
securities, which may typically represent a small percentage of the trust’s capital structure. The remainder of the trust’s capital structure typically consists of trust-preferred securities which are sold to investors. The trust uses
the sales proceeds to purchase the subordinated debt issued by the financial institution. The financial institution uses the proceeds from the subordinated debt sale to increase its capital while the trust receives periodic interest payments from
the financial institution for holding the subordinated debt.
The trust uses the interest received to make
dividend payments to the holders of the trust-preferred securities. The dividends are generally paid on a quarterly basis and are often higher than other dividends potentially available on the financial institution’s common stocks. The
interests of the holders of the trust-preferred securities are senior to those of common stockholders in the event that the financial institution is liquidated, although their interests are typically subordinated to those of other holders of other
debt issued by the institution.
The primary
benefit for the financial institution in using this particular structure is that the trust-preferred securities issued by the trust are treated by the financial institution as debt securities for tax purposes (as a consequence of which the expense
of paying interest on the securities is tax deductible), but are treated as more desirable equity securities for purposes of the calculation of capital requirements.
In certain instances, the structure involves more
than one financial institution and thus, more than one trust. In such a pooled offering, an additional separate trust may be created. This trust will issue securities to investors and use the proceeds to purchase the trust-preferred securities
issued by other trust subsidiaries of the participating financial institutions. In such a structure, the trust-preferred securities held by the investors are backed by other trust-preferred securities issued by the trust subsidiaries.
If a financial institution is financially unsound
and defaults on interest payments to the trust, the trust will not be able to make dividend payments to holders of the trust-preferred securities such as the Fund, as the trust typically has no business operations other than holding the subordinated
debt issued by the financial institution(s) and issuing the trust-preferred securities and common stock backed by the subordinated debt.
Although one or more of the other risks described in
this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with trust-preferred securities include: Credit Risk, Interest Rate Risk, Liquidity Risk and Prepayment and Extension Risk.
U.S. Government and Related Obligations
U.S. Government obligations include U.S. Treasury obligations and
securities issued or guaranteed by various agencies of the U.S. Government or by various agencies or instrumentalities established or sponsored by the U.S. Government. U.S. Treasury obligations and securities issued or guaranteed by various agencies
or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government differ in their interest rates, maturities and time of issuance, as well as with respect to whether they are guaranteed by the U.S. Government. U.S. Government and related obligations may be structured as
fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations. See Types of Investments – Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations for more information.
Investing in U.S. Government and related obligations
is subject to certain risks. While U.S. Treasury obligations are backed by the “full faith and credit” of the U.S. Government, such securities are nonetheless subject to credit risk (i.e., the risk
that the U.S. Government may be, or be perceived to be, unable or unwilling to honor its financial obligations, such as making payments). Securities issued or guaranteed by federal agencies and U.S. Government-sponsored instrumentalities may or may
not be backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. These securities may be supported by the ability to borrow from the U.S. Treasury or only by the credit of the issuing agency or instrumentality and, as a result, may be subject to
greater credit risk than
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securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury. Obligations
of U.S. Government agencies, authorities, instrumentalities and sponsored enterprises historically have involved limited risk of loss of principal if held to maturity. However, no assurance can be given that the U.S. Government would provide
financial support to any of these entities if it is not obligated to do so by law.
Government-sponsored entities issuing securities
include privately owned, publicly chartered entities created to reduce borrowing costs for certain sectors of the economy, such as farmers, homeowners, and students. They include the Federal Farm Credit Bank System, Farm Credit Financial Assistance
Corporation, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Student Loan Marketing Association (SLMA), and Resolution Trust Corporation (RTC). Government-sponsored entities may issue discount notes (with maturities ranging from overnight to 360 days) and bonds. On
September 7, 2008, the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA), an agency of the U.S. Government, placed Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac into conservatorship, a statutory process with the objective of returning the entities to normal business operations.
FHFA will act as the conservator to operate the enterprises until they are stabilized.
On August 5, 2011, S& P lowered its long-term
sovereign credit rating for the United States of America to “AA+” from “AAA”. Because a Fund may invest in U.S. Government obligations, the value of its shares may be adversely affected by S&P’s downgrade or any
future downgrades of the U.S. Government’s credit rating. The long-term impact of the downgrade is uncertain. See Appendix A for a description of securities ratings.
Although one or more of the other risks described in
this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with U.S. Government and related obligations include: Credit Risk, Inflation Risk, Interest Rate Risk, Prepayment and Extension Risk, Reinvestment Risk and U.S. Government Obligations
Risk.
Variable- and Floating-Rate
Obligations
Variable- and floating-rate obligations are debt
instruments that provide for periodic adjustments in the interest rate and, under certain circumstances, varying principal amounts. Unlike a fixed interest rate, a variable, or floating, rate is one that rises and declines based on the movement of
an underlying index of interest rates and may pay interest at rates that are adjusted periodically according to a specified formula. Variable- or floating-rate securities frequently include a demand feature enabling the holder to sell the securities
to the issuer at par. In many cases, the demand feature can be exercised at any time. Some securities that do not have variable or floating interest rates may be accompanied by puts producing similar results and price characteristics. Variable-rate
demand notes include master demand notes that are obligations that permit the investor to invest fluctuating amounts, which may change daily without penalty, pursuant to direct arrangements between the investor (as lender), and the borrower. The
interest rates on these notes fluctuate. The issuer of such obligations normally has a corresponding right, after a given period, to prepay in its discretion the outstanding principal amount of the obligations plus accrued interest upon a specified
number of days’ notice to the holders of such obligations. Because these obligations are direct lending arrangements between the lender and borrower, it is not contemplated that such instruments generally will be traded. There generally is not
an established secondary market for these obligations. Accordingly, where these obligations are not secured by letters of credit or other credit support arrangements, the lender’s right to redeem is dependent on the ability of the borrower to
pay principal and interest on demand. Such obligations frequently are not rated by credit rating agencies and may involve heightened risk of default by the issuer. Asset-backed securities, bank obligations, convertible securities, corporate debt
securities, foreign securities, high-yield securities, money market instruments, mortgage-backed securities, municipal securities, participation interests, stripped securities, U.S. Government and related obligations and other types of debt
instruments may be structured as variable- and floating-rate obligations.
Most floating rate loans are acquired directly from
the agent bank or from another holder of the loan by assignment. Most such loans are secured, and most impose restrictive covenants on the borrower. These loans are typically made by a syndicate of banks and institutional investors, represented by
an agent bank which has negotiated and structured the loan and which is responsible generally for collecting interest, principal, and other amounts from the borrower on its own behalf and on behalf of the other lending institutions in the syndicate,
and for enforcing its rights and the rights of the syndicate against the borrower. Each of the lending institutions, including the agent bank, lends to the borrower a portion of the total amount of the loan, and retains the corresponding interest in
the loan. Floating rate loans may include delayed draw term loans and prefunded or synthetic letters of credit.
A Fund’s ability to receive payments of
principal and interest and other amounts in connection with loans held by it will depend primarily on the financial condition of the borrower. The failure by the Fund to receive scheduled interest or principal payments on a loan would adversely
affect the income of the Fund and would likely reduce the value of its assets, which would be reflected in a reduction in the Fund’s NAV. Banks and other lending institutions generally perform a credit analysis of the borrower before
originating a loan or purchasing an assignment in a loan. In selecting the loans in which the Fund will invest, however, the Investment Manager will not rely on that credit analysis of the agent bank, but will perform its own investment analysis of
the borrowers. The Investment Manager’s analysis may include consideration of the borrower’s financial strength and managerial
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experience, debt coverage, additional borrowing requirements or
debt maturity schedules, changing financial conditions, and responsiveness to changes in business conditions and interest rates. Investments in loans may be of any quality, including “distressed” loans, and will be subject to the
Fund’s credit quality policy.
Loans may
be structured in different forms, including assignments and participations. In an assignment, a Fund purchases an assignment of a portion of a lender’s interest in a loan. In this case, the Fund may be required generally to rely upon the
assigning bank to demand payment and enforce its rights against the borrower, but would otherwise be entitled to all of such bank’s rights in the loan.
The borrower of a loan may, either at its own
election or pursuant to terms of the loan documentation, prepay amounts of the loan from time to time. There is no assurance that a Fund will be able to reinvest the proceeds of any loan prepayment at the same interest rate or on the same terms as
those of the original loan.
Corporate loans in
which a Fund may purchase a loan assignment are made generally to finance internal growth, mergers, acquisitions, recapitalizations, stock repurchases, leveraged buy-outs, dividend payments to sponsors and other corporate activities. The highly
leveraged capital structure of certain borrowers may make such loans especially vulnerable to adverse changes in economic or market conditions. The Fund may hold investments in loans for a very short period of time when opportunities to resell the
investments that a Fund’s Portfolio Manager believes are attractive arise.
Certain of the loans acquired by a Fund may involve
revolving credit facilities under which a borrower may from time to time borrow and repay amounts up to the maximum amount of the facility. In such cases, the Fund would have an obligation to advance its portion of such additional borrowings upon
the terms specified in the loan assignment. To the extent that the Fund is committed to make additional loans under such an assignment, it will at all times designate cash or securities in an amount sufficient to meet such commitments.
Notwithstanding its intention in certain situations
to not receive material, non-public information with respect to its management of investments in floating rate loans, the Investment Manager may from time to time come into possession of material, non-public information about the issuers of loans
that may be held in a Fund’s portfolio. Possession of such information may in some instances occur despite the Investment Manager’s efforts to avoid such possession, but in other instances the Investment Manager may choose to receive
such information (for example, in connection with participation in a creditors’ committee with respect to a financially distressed issuer). As, and to the extent, required by applicable law, the Investment Manager’s ability to trade in
these loans for the account of the Fund could potentially be limited by its possession of such information. Such limitations on the Investment Manager’s ability to trade could have an adverse effect on the Fund by, for example, preventing the
Fund from selling a loan that is experiencing a material decline in value. In some instances, these trading restrictions could continue in effect for a substantial period of time.
In some instances, other accounts managed by the
Investment Manager may hold other securities issued by borrowers whose floating rate loans may be held in a Fund’s portfolio. These other securities may include, for example, debt securities that are subordinate to the floating rate loans held
in the Fund’s portfolio, convertible debt or common or preferred equity securities.
In certain circumstances, such as if the credit
quality of the issuer deteriorates, the interests of holders of these other securities may conflict with the interests of the holders of the issuer’s floating rate loans. In such cases, the Investment Manager may owe conflicting fiduciary
duties to the Fund and other client accounts. The Investment Manager will endeavor to carry out its obligations to all of its clients to the fullest extent possible, recognizing that in some cases certain clients may achieve a lower economic return,
as a result of these conflicting client interests, than if the Investment Manager’s client accounts collectively held only a single category of the issuer’s securities.
Although one or more of the other risks described in
this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with variable- or floating-rate obligations include: Counterparty Risk, Credit Risk, Interest Rate Risk, Liquidity Risk and Prepayment and Extension Risk.
Warrants and Rights
Warrants and rights are types of securities that give a holder a
right to purchase shares of common stock. Warrants usually are issued together with a bond or preferred stock and entitle a holder to purchase a specified amount of common stock at a specified price typically for a period of years. Rights usually
have a specified purchase price that is lower than the current market price and entitle a holder to purchase a specified amount of common stock typically for a period of only weeks. Warrants may be used to enhance the marketability of a bond or
preferred stock. Warrants do not carry with them the right to dividends or voting rights and they do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuer. Warrants may be considered to have more speculative characteristics than certain other types
of investments. In addition, the value of a warrant does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities, and a warrant ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to its expiration date, if any.
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The potential exercise price of warrants or rights
may exceed their market price, such as when there is no movement in the market price or the market price of the common stock declines.
Although one or more of the other risks described in
this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with warrants and rights include: Convertible Securities Risk, Counterparty Risk, Credit Risk, Issuer Risk and Market Risk.
When-Issued, Delayed Delivery and Forward Commitment
Transactions
When-issued, delayed delivery and forward
commitment transactions involve the purchase or sale of securities by a Fund, with payment and delivery taking place in the future after the customary settlement period for that type of security. Normally, the settlement date occurs within 45 days
of the purchase although in some cases settlement may take longer. The investor does not pay for the securities or receive dividends or interest on them until the contractual settlement date. When engaging in when-issued, delayed delivery and
forward commitment transactions, a Fund typically will designate liquid assets in an amount equal to or greater than the purchase price. The payment obligation and, if applicable, the interest rate that will be received on the securities, are fixed
at the time that a Fund agrees to purchase the securities. A Fund generally will enter into when-issued, delayed delivery and forward commitment transactions only with the intention of completing such transactions.
However, a Fund’s portfolio manager may
determine not to complete a transaction if he or she deems it appropriate to close out the transaction prior to its completion. In such cases, a Fund may realize short-term gains or losses.
To Be Announced Securities (“TBAs”). As with other delayed delivery transactions, a seller agrees to issue a TBA security at a future date. However, the seller does not specify the particular securities to be delivered. Instead, the Fund
agrees to accept any security that meets specified terms. For example, in a TBA mortgage-backed security transaction, the Fund and the seller would agree upon the issuer, interest rate and terms of the underlying mortgages. The seller would not
identify the specific underlying mortgages until it issues the security. TBA mortgage-backed securities increase market risks because the underlying mortgages may be less favorable than anticipated by the Fund. See Types of Investments
– Mortgage-Backed Securities and Types of Investments – Asset-Backed Securities for more information.
Although one or more of the other risks described in
this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with when-issued, delayed delivery and forward commitment transactions include: Counterparty Risk, Credit Risk and Market Risk.
Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon
Securities
Zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon
securities are types of debt instruments that do not necessarily make payments of interest in fixed amounts or at fixed intervals. Asset-backed securities, convertible securities, corporate debt securities, foreign securities, high-yield securities,
mortgage-backed securities, municipal securities, participation interests, stripped securities, U.S. Government and related obligations and other types of debt instruments may be structured as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon
securities.
Zero-coupon securities do not pay
interest on a current basis but instead accrue interest over the life of the security. These securities include, among others, zero-coupon bonds, which either may be issued at a discount by a corporation or government entity or may be created by a
brokerage firm when it strips the coupons from a bond or note and then sells the bond or note and the coupon separately. This technique is used frequently with U.S. Treasury bonds, and zero-coupon securities are marketed under such names as CATS
(Certificate of Accrual on Treasury Securities), TIGERs or STRIPS. Zero-coupon bonds also are issued by municipalities. Buying a municipal zero-coupon bond frees its purchaser of the obligation to pay regular federal income tax on imputed interest,
since the interest is exempt for regular federal income tax purposes. Zero-coupon certificates of deposit and zero-coupon mortgages are generally structured in the same fashion as zero-coupon bonds; the certificate of deposit holder or mortgage
holder receives face value at maturity and no payments until then.
Pay-in-kind securities normally give the issuer an
option to pay cash at a coupon payment date or to give the holder of the security a similar security with the same coupon rate and a face value equal to the amount of the coupon payment that would have been made.
Step-coupon securities trade at a discount from
their face value and pay coupon interest that gradually increases over time. The coupon rate is paid according to a schedule for a series of periods, typically lower for an initial period and then increasing to a higher coupon rate thereafter. The
discount from the face amount or par value depends on the time remaining until cash payments begin, prevailing interest rates, liquidity of the security and the perceived credit quality of the issue.
Zero-coupon, step-coupon and pay-in-kind securities
holders generally have substantially all the rights and privileges of holders of the underlying coupon obligations or principal obligations. Holders of these securities typically have the right upon default on the underlying coupon obligations or
principal obligations to proceed directly and individually against the issuer and are not required to act in concert with other holders of such securities.
See Appendix A for a discussion of securities
ratings.
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Although one or more of the other risks described in
this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with zero-coupon, step-coupon, and pay-in-kind securities include: Credit Risk, Interest Rate Risk and Zero-Coupon Bonds Risk.
Information Regarding Risks
The following is a summary of risks of investing in
the Funds and the risk characteristics associated with the various investment instruments available to the Funds for investment. A Fund’s risk profile is largely defined by the Fund’s primary portfolio holdings and principal investment
strategies (for the description of a Fund’s principal investment strategies and principal risks, please see that Fund’s prospectus). However, the Funds are allowed to use securities, instruments, other assets and investments, strategies
and techniques other than those described in the Fund’s principal investment strategies, subjecting the Fund to the risks associated with these securities, instruments, other assets and investments, strategies and techniques. One or more of
the following risks may be associated with investment in a Fund at any time:
Active Management Risk. The Fund is actively managed and its performance therefore will reflect, in part, the ability of the portfolio managers to make investment decisions that will achieve the Fund’s investment objective. Due to its
active management, the Fund could underperform its benchmark index and/or other funds with similar investment objectives and/or strategies.
Activist Strategies Risk. The Fund may purchase securities of a company that is the subject of a proxy contest or which activist investors are attempting to influence, in the expectation that new management or a change in business strategies
will cause the price of the company’s securities to increase. If the proxy contest, or the new management, is not successful, the market price of the company’s securities will typically fall.
In addition, where an acquisition or restructuring
transaction or proxy fight is opposed by the subject company’s management, the transaction often becomes the subject of litigation. Such litigation involves substantial uncertainties and may impose substantial cost and expense on the
Fund.
Allocation Risk. For any Fund that uses an asset allocation strategy in pursuit of its investment objective, there is a risk that the Fund's allocation among asset classes, investments, managers, strategies and/or investment styles will
cause the Fund's shares to lose value or cause the Fund to underperform other funds with a similar investment objective and/or strategies, or that the investments themselves will not produce the returns expected.
Alternative Strategies Investment
Risk. An investment in alternative investment strategies (Alternative Strategies), whether through direct investment or through one or more underlying funds, involves risks, which may be significant. Alternative
Strategies may include strategies, instruments or other assets, such as derivatives, that seek investment returns uncorrelated with the broad equity and fixed income/debt markets, as well as those providing exposure to other markets (such as
commodity markets), including but not limited to absolute (positive) return strategies. Alternative Strategies may fail to achieve their desired performance, market or other exposure, or their returns (or lack thereof) may be more correlated with
the broad equity and/or fixed income/debt markets than was anticipated, and the Fund may lose money. Some Alternative Strategies may be considered speculative.
Arbitrage Strategies Risk. The Fund may purchase securities at prices only slightly below the anticipated value to be paid or exchanged for such securities in a merger, exchange offer or cash tender offer, and substantially above the prices at
which such securities traded immediately prior to announcement of the transaction. If there is a perception that the proposed transaction will not be consummated or will be delayed, the market price of the security may decline sharply, which would
result in a loss to the Fund. In addition, if the manager determines that the offer is likely to be increased, either by the original bidder or by another party, the Fund may purchase securities above the offer price; such purchases are subject to a
high degree of risk.
The consummation
of mergers and tender and exchange offers can be prevented or delayed by a variety of factors, including opposition by the management or shareholders of the target company, private litigation or litigation involving regulatory agencies, and approval
or non-action of regulatory agencies. The likelihood of occurrence of these and other factors, and their impact on an investment, can be very difficult to evaluate.
Bankruptcy Process and Trade Claims Risk. The Fund may purchase bankruptcy claims. There are a number of significant risks inherent in the bankruptcy process. The effect of a bankruptcy filing on a company may adversely and permanently affect the company and
cause it to be incapable of restoring itself as a viable business. Many events in a bankruptcy are the product of contested matters and adversarial proceedings. The duration of a bankruptcy proceeding is difficult to predict and a creditor’s
return on investment can be adversely affected by delays while the plan of reorganization is being finalized. The administrative costs in connection with a bankruptcy proceeding are frequently high and are paid out of the debtor’s estate
before any return to creditors. The Fund may also purchase trade claims against companies, including companies in bankruptcy or reorganization proceedings, which include claims of suppliers for unpaid goods delivered, claims for unpaid services
rendered, claims for contract rejection damages and claims related to litigation. An investment in trade claims is very speculative, illiquid, and carries a high degree of risk. The markets in trade claims are not regulated by U.S. federal
securities laws or the SEC.
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Changing Distribution Level Risk. The amount of the distributions paid by the Fund will vary and generally depends on the amount of interest income and/or dividends received (less expenses) by the Fund on the loans and securities it holds. If the Fund
does not receive any such income and/or dividends, the Fund may not be in a position to make distributions to shareholders. If the interest income and/or dividends the Fund receives from its investments
declines, the Fund may have to reduce its distribution level.
Commodity-related Investment Risk. The value of commodities investments will generally be affected by overall market movements and factors specific to a particular industry or commodity, which may include demand for the commodity, weather, embargoes,
tariffs, and economic health, political, international, regulatory and other developments. Economic and other events (whether real or perceived) can reduce the demand for commodities, which may, in turn, reduce market prices and cause the value of
Fund shares to fall. The frequency and magnitude of such changes cannot be predicted. Exposure to commodities and commodities markets may subject the value of the Fund's investments to greater volatility than other types of investments. No, or
limited, active trading market may exist for certain commodities investments, which may impair the ability to sell or to realize the full value of such investments in the event of the need to liquidate such investments. In addition, adverse market
conditions may impair the liquidity of actively traded commodities investments. Certain types of commodities instruments are subject to the risk that the counterparty to the instrument may not perform or be unable to perform in accordance with the
terms of the instrument. The Fund may make commodity-related investments through, and may invest in one or more underlying funds that make commodity-related investments through, one or more wholly-owned subsidiaries organized outside the U.S. that
are generally not subject to U.S. laws (including securities laws) and their protections. However, any such subsidiary is wholly owned and controlled by the Fund and any underlying fund subsidiary is wholly-owned and controlled by the underlying
fund, making it unlikely that the subsidiary will take action contrary to the interests of the Fund or the underlying fund and their shareholders. Further, any such subsidiaries will be subject to the laws of a foreign jurisdiction, and can be
adversely affected by developments in that jurisdiction.
Concentration Risk.
To the extent that the Fund concentrates its investment in particular issuers, countries, geographic regions, industries or sectors, the Fund may be subject to greater risks of adverse developments in such areas of focus than a fund that invests in
a wider variety of issuers, countries, geographic regions, industries, sectors or investments.
Confidential Information Access Risk. In many instances, issuers of floating rate loans offer to furnish material, non-public information (Confidential Information) to prospective purchasers or holders of the issuer’s floating rate loans to help
potential investors assess the value of the loan. Portfolio managers may avoid the receipt of Confidential Information about the issuers of floating rate loans being considered for acquisition by the Fund, or held in the Fund. A decision not to
receive Confidential Information from these issuers may disadvantage the Fund as compared to other floating rate loan investors, and may adversely affect the price the Fund pays for the loans it purchases, or the price at which the Fund sells the
loans. Further, in situations when holders of floating rate loans are asked, for example, to grant consents, waivers or amendments, the ability to assess the desirability of such consents, waivers or amendments may be compromised. For these and
other reasons, it is possible that the decision not to receive Confidential Information could adversely affect the Fund’s performance.
Convertible Securities Risk. Convertible securities are subject to the usual risks associated with debt instruments, such as interest rate risk (the risk of losses attributable to changes in interest rates) and credit risk (the risk that the issuer
of a debt instrument will default or otherwise become unable, or be perceived to be unable or unwilling, to honor a financial obligation, such as making payments to the Fund when due). Convertible securities also react to changes in the value of the
common stock into which they convert, and are thus subject to market risk (the risk that the market values of securities or other investments that the Fund holds will fall, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, or fail to rise). Because the value of a
convertible security can be influenced by both interest rates and the common stock's market movements, a convertible security generally is not as sensitive to interest rates as a similar debt instrument, and generally will not vary in value in
response to other factors to the same extent as the underlying common stock. In the event of a liquidation of the issuing company, holders of convertible securities would typically be paid before the company's common stockholders but after holders
of any senior debt obligations of the company. The Fund may be forced to convert a convertible security before it otherwise would choose to do so, which may decrease the Fund's return.
Counterparty Risk.
The risk exists that a counterparty to a financial instrument held by the Fund or by a special purpose or structured vehicle in which the Fund invests may become insolvent or otherwise fail to perform its obligations due to financial difficulties,
including making payments to the Fund. The Fund may obtain no or limited recovery in a bankruptcy or other organizational proceedings, and any recovery may be significantly delayed. Transactions that the Fund enters into may involve counterparties
in the financial services sector and, as a result, events affecting the financial services sector may cause the Fund’s share value to fluctuate.
Credit Risk. Credit risk is the risk that the value of loans or other debt instruments may decline if the borrower or the issuer thereof defaults or otherwise becomes unable or unwilling, or is perceived to be unable or unwilling, to
honor its financial obligations, such as making payments to the Fund when due. Various factors could affect the actual or perceived willingness or
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ability of the borrower or the issuer to make timely interest or
principal payments, including changes in the financial condition of the borrower or the issuer or in general economic conditions. Fixed-income securities backed by an issuer's taxing authority may be subject to legal limits on the issuer's power to
increase taxes or otherwise to raise revenue, or may be dependent on legislative appropriation or government aid. Certain fixed-income securities are backed only by revenues derived from a particular project or source, rather than by an issuer's
taxing authority, and thus may have a greater risk of default. Rating agencies assign credit ratings to certain loans and fixed-income instruments to indicate their credit risk. Lower quality or unrated loans or securities held by the Fund may
present increased credit risk as compared to higher-rated loans or securities. Non-investment grade loans or fixed-income instruments (commonly called “high-yield” or “junk”) may be subject to greater price fluctuations and
are more likely to experience a default than investment grade loans or fixed-income instruments and therefore may expose the Fund to increased credit risk. If the Fund purchases unrated loans or fixed-income securities, or if the ratings of such
investments held by the Fund are lowered after purchase, the Fund will depend on analysis of credit risk more heavily than usual. If the issuer of a loan declares bankruptcy or is declared bankrupt, there may be a delay before the Fund can act on
the collateral securing the loan, which may adversely affect the Fund. Further, there is a risk that a court could take action with respect to a loan that is adverse to the holders of the loan. Such actions may include invalidating the loan, the
lien on the collateral, the priority status of the loan, or ordering the refund of interest previously paid by the borrower. Any such actions by a court could adversely affect the Fund’s performance. A default or expected default of a loan
could also make it difficult for the Fund to sell the loan at a price approximating the value previously placed on it. In order to enforce its rights in the event of a default, bankruptcy or similar situation, the Fund may be required to retain
legal or similar counsel. This may increase the Fund’s operating expenses and adversely affect its NAV. Loans that have a lower priority for repayment in an issuer’s capital structure may involve a higher degree of overall risk than more
senior loans of the same borrower.
Cybersecurity Breaches and
Technology and Related Systems Failure Risk. The Funds and their service providers, including but not limited to the Investment Manager (in its role as investment adviser and/or administrator to the Funds),
Ameriprise Financial (the Investment Manager’s parent company), any investment subadvisers, the Service Agent, the Custodian, and other service providers, as well as their underlying service providers (collectively, the Service Providers), are
heavily dependent on proprietary and third-party technology and infrastructure and related operational and information systems, networks, computers, devices, programs, applications, data and functions (collectively, Systems) to perform necessary
business activities. The Systems that the Funds and the Service Providers (referred to herein as we, us and our) rely upon may be vulnerable to many threats, breaches and failures, some of which may be outside of our control, including significant
damage and disruption arising from Systems failures or cybersecurity breaches. Systems failures include malfunctions, user error, conduct (or misconduct) of or arising from employees and agents, and failures arising from cybersecurity breaches,
natural disasters, or other actions or events (whether foreseeable or unforeseeable). Cybersecurity breaches include intentional (e.g., cyber-attacks, hacking, phishing scams, unauthorized payment requests) and unintentional events or activity
(e.g., user errors arising from or caused by us or our agents). Systems failures and cybersecurity breaches may result in (i) proprietary or confidential information or data being lost, misused, destroyed, stolen, released, corrupted or rendered
unavailable, including personal investor information (and that of beneficial owners of investors), (ii) unauthorized access to Systems and loss of operational capacity, including from, for example, denial-of-service attacks (i.e., efforts to make
network services unavailable to intended users), and (iii) the misappropriation of Fund or investor assets or sensitive information. Any such events could negatively impact our Systems and may have significant adverse impacts on the Funds and their
shareholders.
Systems failures and
cybersecurity breaches may cause delays or mistakes in materials provided to shareholders and may also interfere with or negatively impact the processing of Fund investor transactions, pricing of Fund investments, calculating Fund NAVs, and trading
within a Fund’s portfolio, while causing or subjecting us to reputational damage, violations of law, legal claims, regulatory fines, penalties, financial losses and reimbursement, expenses or other compensation and remediation costs, as well
as additional compliance, legal, and operational costs. Such events could negatively impact the Fund, its shareholders and affect our business, financial condition and performance or results of operations.
The trend toward broad consumer and general public
notification of Systems failures and cybersecurity breaches could exacerbate the harm to the Fund, its shareholders and our business, financial condition and performance or results of operations. Even if we successfully protect our Systems from
failures or cybersecurity breaches, we may incur significant expenses in connection with our responses to any such events, as well as the need for adoption, implementation and maintenance of appropriate security measures. We could also suffer harm
to our business and reputation if attempted or actual cybersecurity breaches are publicized. We cannot be certain that evolving threats from cyber-criminals and other cyber-threat actors, exploitation of new vulnerabilities in our Systems, or other
developments, or data thefts, System break-ins or inappropriate access will not compromise or breach the technology or other security measures protecting our Systems.
To date, we have not experienced any material
Systems failures or cybersecurity breaches, however, we routinely encounter and address such threats. For example, in 2015 the then-available Columbia ETFs were for a period unable to price their portfolios due to a technology issue impacting the
ETFs’ third-party administrator. In another case, in 2014, Ameriprise Financial and other financial institutions experienced distributed denial-of-service attacks intended to disrupt clients’ online access. While
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Ameriprise Financial was able to
detect and respond to this incident without loss of client assets or information, Ameriprise Financial has since enhanced its security capabilities and will continue to assess its ability to monitor and respond to such threats. In addition to the
foregoing, the experiences of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates with Systems failures, cybersecurity breaches and technology threats have included, as examples, phishing scams, introductions of malware, attempts at electronic break-ins, and
unauthorized payment requests. Systems failures and cybersecurity breaches may be difficult to detect, may go undetected for long periods or may never be detected. The impact of such events may be compounded over time. Although the Funds and the
Service Providers evaluate the materiality of Systems failures and cybersecurity breaches that it detects, the Funds and the Service Providers may conclude that some such events are not material and may choose not to address them. Such conclusions
may not prove to be correct.
Although we have
established business continuity/disaster recovery plans and systems (Continuity and Recovery Plans) designed to prevent or mitigate the effects of Systems failures and cybersecurity breaches, there are inherent limitations in Continuity and Recovery
Plans. These limitations include the possibility that certain risks have not been identified or that Continuity and Recovery Plans might not – despite testing and monitoring – operate as designed, be sufficient to stop or mitigate losses
or otherwise be unable to achieve their objectives. The Funds and their shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result. In addition, the Fund cannot control the Continuity and Recovery Plans of the Service Providers. As a result, there can be
no assurance that the Funds will not suffer losses relating to Systems failures or cybersecurity breaches affecting us in the future, particularly third-party service providers, as the Funds cannot control any Continuity and Recovery Plans or
cybersecurity defenses implemented by such parties.
System failures and cybersecurity breaches may
necessitate significant investment to repair or replace impacted Systems. In addition, we, including the Funds, may incur substantial costs for Systems failure risk management and cybersecurity risk management in order to attempt to prevent any such
events or incidents in the future.
Insurance
and other traditional risk-shifting tools may be held by or available to us in order to manage or mitigate the risks associated with Systems failures and cybersecurity breaches, but they are subject to terms and limitations such as deductibles,
coinsurance, limits and policy exclusions, as well as risk of counterparty denial of coverage, default or insolvency. While Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates maintain cyber liability insurance that provides both third-party liability and
first-party liability coverages, this insurance does not cover the Funds and, with regard to covered entities, may not be sufficient to protect us against all losses. In addition, contractual remedies may not be available with respect to Service
Providers or may prove inadequate if available (e.g., because of limits on the liability of the Service Providers) to protect the Funds against all losses.
Selling Agents, other financial intermediaries, and
issuers of, and counterparties to, the Funds’ investments also may be adversely impacted by Systems failures and cybersecurity breaches in their own businesses, subjecting them to the risks described herein, as well as other additional or
enhanced risks particular to their businesses, which could result in losses to the Funds and their shareholders. Issuers of securities or other instruments in which the Funds invest may also experience System failures or cybersecurity breaches,
which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers, and may cause the Funds’ investment in such issuers to lose money.
Depositary Receipts Risk. Depositary receipts are receipts issued by a bank or trust company reflecting ownership of underlying securities issued by foreign companies. Some foreign securities are traded in the form of American Depositary
Receipts (ADRs). Depositary receipts involve risks similar to the risks associated with investments in foreign securities, including those associated with investing in the particular country of an issuer, which may be related to the particular
political, regulatory, economic, social and other conditions or events occurring in the country and fluctuations in its currency, as well as market risk tied to the underlying foreign company. In addition, ADR holders may have limited voting rights,
may not have the same rights afforded typical company stockholders in the event of a corporate action such as an acquisition, merger or rights offering and may experience difficulty in receiving company stockholder communications. A potential
conflict of interest exists to the extent that the Fund invests in ADRs for which the Fund's custodian serves as depository bank.
Derivatives Risk. Derivatives may involve significant risks. Derivatives are financial instruments, traded on an exchange or in the over-the-counter (OTC) markets, with a value in relation to, or derived from, the value of an underlying
asset(s) (such as a security, commodity or currency) or other reference, such as an index, rate or other economic indicator (each an underlying reference). Derivatives may include those that are privately placed or otherwise exempt from SEC
registration, including that certain Rule 144A eligible securities may be derivatives. Derivatives could result in Fund losses if the underlying references do not perform as anticipated. Use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that can
involve investment techniques, risks, and tax planning different from those associated with more traditional investment instruments. A Fund’s derivatives strategy may not be successful and use of certain derivatives could result in
substantial, potentially unlimited, losses to the Fund regardless of the Fund’s actual investment. A relatively small movement in the price, rate or other economic indicator associated with the underlying reference may result in substantial
loss for the Fund. Derivatives may be more volatile than other types of investments. Derivatives can increase the Fund’s risk exposure to underlying references and their attendant risks, including the risk of an adverse credit event associated
with the underlying reference (credit risk), the risk of adverse movement in the value,
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price or rate of the underlying
reference (market risk), the risk of adverse movement in the value of underlying currencies (foreign currency risk) and the risk of adverse movement in underlying interest rates (interest rate risk). Derivatives may expose the Fund to additional
risks, including the risk of loss because a derivative position is imperfectly correlated with the underlying reference it is intended to hedge or replicate (correlation risk), the risk that a counterparty will fail to perform as agreed
(counterparty risk), the risk that a hedging strategy may fail to mitigate losses, and may offset gains (hedging risk), the risk that losses may be greater than the amount invested (leverage risk), the risk that the Fund may be unable to sell an
investment at an advantageous time or price (liquidity risk), the risk that the investment may be difficult to value (pricing risk), and the risk that the price or value of the investment fluctuates significantly over short periods of time
(volatility risk). The value of derivatives may be influenced by a variety of factors, including national and international political and economic developments. Potential changes to the regulation of the derivatives markets may make derivatives more
costly, may limit the market for derivatives, or may otherwise adversely affect the value or performance of derivatives.
Derivatives Risk – Forward Contracts Risk. A forward contract is an over-the-counter derivative transaction between two parties to buy or sell a specified amount of an underlying reference at a specified price (or rate) on a specified date in the future. Forward
contracts are negotiated on an individual basis and are not standardized or traded on exchanges. The market for forward contracts is substantially unregulated (there is no limit on daily price movements and speculative position limits are not
applicable). The principals who deal in certain forward contract markets are not required to continue to make markets in the underlying references in which they trade and these markets can experience periods of illiquidity, sometimes of significant
duration. There have been periods during which certain participants in forward contract markets have refused to quote prices for certain underlying references or have quoted prices with an unusually wide spread between the price at which they were
prepared to buy and that at which they were prepared to sell. At or prior to maturity of a forward contract, the Fund may enter into an offsetting contract and may incur a loss to the extent there has been adverse movement in forward contract
prices. The liquidity of the markets for forward contracts depends on participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery. To the extent participants make or take delivery, liquidity in the market for forwards
could be reduced. A relatively small price movement in a forward contract may result in substantial losses to the Fund, exceeding the amount of the margin paid. Forward contracts can increase the Fund’s risk exposure to underlying references
and their attendant risks, such as credit risk, market risk, foreign currency risk and interest rate risk, while also exposing the Fund to correlation risk, counterparty risk, hedging risk, leverage risk, liquidity risk, pricing risk and volatility
risk.
A
forward foreign currency contract is a derivative (forward contract) in which the underlying reference is a country's or region’s currency. The Fund may agree to buy or sell a country's or region’s
currency at a specific price on a specific date in the future. These instruments may fall in value (sometimes dramatically) due to foreign market downswings or foreign currency value fluctuations, subjecting the Fund to foreign currency risk (the
risk that Fund performance may be negatively impacted by foreign currency strength or weakness relative to the U.S. dollar, particularly if the Fund exposes a significant percentage of its assets to currencies other than the U.S. dollar). The
effectiveness of any currency hedging strategy by a Fund may be reduced by the Fund’s inability to precisely match forward contract amounts and the value of securities involved. Forward foreign currency contracts used for hedging may also
limit any potential gain that might result from an increase or decrease in the value of the currency. The Fund may use these instruments to gain leveraged exposure to currencies, which is a speculative investment practice that increases the Fund's
risk exposure and the possibility of losses. Unanticipated changes in the currency markets could result in reduced performance for the Fund. When the Fund converts its foreign currencies into U.S. dollars, it may incur currency conversion costs due
to the spread between the prices at which it may buy and sell various currencies in the market.
A forward interest
rate agreement is a derivative whereby the buyer locks in an interest rate at a future settlement date. If the interest rate on the settlement date exceeds the lock rate, the buyer pays the seller the difference between the two rates (based
on the notional value of the agreement). If the lock rate exceeds the interest rate on the settlement date, the seller pays the buyer the difference between the two rates (based on the notional value of the agreement). The Fund may act as a buyer or
a seller.
Derivatives Risk – Futures
Contracts Risk. A futures contract is an exchange-traded derivative transaction between two parties in which a buyer (holding the “long” position) agrees to pay a fixed price (or rate) at a specified
future date for delivery of an underlying reference from a seller (holding the “short” position). The seller hopes that the market price on the delivery date is less than the agreed upon price, while the buyer hopes for the contrary.
Certain futures contract markets are highly volatile, and futures contracts may be illiquid. Futures exchanges may limit fluctuations in futures contract prices by imposing a maximum permissible daily price movement. The Fund may be disadvantaged if
it is prohibited from executing a trade outside the daily permissible price movement. At or prior to maturity of a futures contract, the Fund may enter into an offsetting contract and may incur a loss to the extent there has been adverse movement in
futures contract prices. The liquidity of the futures markets depends on participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery. To the extent participants make or take delivery, liquidity in the futures market
could be reduced. Positions in futures contracts may be closed out only on the exchange on which they were entered into or through a linked exchange, and no secondary market exists for such contracts. Futures positions are marked to market each day
and variation margin payment must be paid to or by the Fund. Because of the low margin deposits normally required in futures trading, a high degree of leverage is typical of a futures trading account. As a
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result, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may
result in substantial losses to the Fund, exceeding the amount of the margin paid. For certain types of futures contracts, losses are potentially unlimited. Futures markets are highly volatile and the use of futures may increase the volatility of
the Fund’s net asset value. Futures contracts executed on foreign exchanges may not provide the same protection as U.S. exchanges. Futures contracts can increase the Fund’s risk exposure to underlying references and their attendant
risks, such as credit risk, market risk, foreign currency risk and interest rate risk, while also exposing the Fund to correlation risk, counterparty risk, hedging risk, leverage risk, liquidity risk, pricing risk and volatility risk.
A bond (or debt
instrument) future is a derivative that is an agreement for the contract holder to buy or sell a bond or other debt instrument, a basket of bonds or other debt instrument, or the bonds or other debt instruments in an index on a specified date
at a predetermined price. The buyer (long position) of a bond future is obliged to buy the underlying reference at the agreed price on expiry of the future.
A commodity-linked
future is a derivative that is an agreement to buy or sell one or more commodities (such as crude oil, gasoline and natural gas), basket of commodities or indices of commodity futures at a specific date in the future at a specific
price.
A
currency future, also an FX future or foreign exchange future, is a derivative that is an agreement to exchange one currency for another at a specified date in the future at a price (exchange rate) that is
fixed on the purchase date.
An equity future is a derivative that is an agreement for the contract holder to buy or sell a specified amount of an individual equity, a basket of equities or the securities in an equity index on a specified date at
a predetermined price.
An interest rate future is a derivative that is an agreement whereby the buyer and seller agree to the future delivery of an interest-bearing instrument on a specific date at a pre-determined price. Examples include
Treasury-bill futures, Treasury-bond futures and Eurodollar futures.
Derivatives Risk – Inverse Floaters Risk. Inverse variable or floating rate obligations, sometimes referred to as inverse floaters, are a type of over-the-counter derivative debt instrument with a variable or floating coupon rate that moves in the opposite
direction of an underlying reference, typically short-term interest rates. As short-term interest rates go down, the holders of the inverse floaters receive more income and, as short-term interest rates go up, the holders of the inverse floaters
receive less income. Variable rate securities provide for a specified periodic adjustment in the coupon rate, while floating rate securities have a coupon rate that changes whenever there is a change in a designated benchmark index or the
issuer’s credit rating. While inverse floaters tend to provide more income than similar term and credit quality fixed-rate bonds, they also exhibit greater volatility in price movement, which could result in significant losses for the Fund. An
inverse floater may have the effect of investment leverage to the extent that its coupon rate varies by a magnitude that exceeds the magnitude of the change in the index or reference rate of interest, which could result in increased losses for the
Fund. There is a risk that the current interest rate on variable and floating rate instruments may not accurately reflect current market interest rates or adequately compensate the holder for the current creditworthiness of the issuer. Some inverse
floaters are structured with liquidity features and may include market-dependent liquidity features that may expose the Fund to greater liquidity risk. Inverse floaters can increase the Fund’s risk exposure to underlying references and their
attendant risks, such as credit risk, market risk, foreign currency risk and interest rate risk, while also exposing the Fund to correlation risk, counterparty risk, hedging risk, leverage risk, liquidity risk, pricing risk and volatility
risk.
Derivatives Risk – Options
Risk. Options are derivatives that give the purchaser the option to buy (call) or sell (put) an underlying asset to a counterparty at a specified price (the strike price) on or before an expiration date. The Fund
may purchase or write (i.e., sell) put and call options on an underlying reference it is otherwise permitted to invest in. By investing in options, the Fund is exposed to the risk that it may be required to buy or sell the underlying reference at a
disadvantageous price on or before the expiration date. If the Fund sells a put option, the Fund may be required to buy the underlying reference at a strike price that is above market price, resulting in a loss. If the Fund sells a call option, the
Fund may be required to sell the underlying reference at a strike price that is below market price, resulting in a loss. If the Fund sells a call option that is not covered (it does not own the underlying reference), the Fund's losses are
potentially unlimited. Options may involve economic leverage, which could result in greater volatility in price movement. Options may be traded on a securities exchange or in the over-the-counter market. At or prior to maturity of an options
contract, the Fund may enter into an offsetting contract and may incur a loss to the extent there has been adverse movement in options prices. Options can increase the Fund’s risk exposure to underlying references and their attendant risks
such as credit risk, market risk, foreign currency risk and interest rate risk, while also exposing the Fund to correlation risk, counterparty risk, hedging risk, leverage risk, liquidity risk, pricing risk and volatility risk.
Derivatives Risk – Structured Investments Risk. Structured investments are over-the-counter derivatives that provide principal and/or interest payments based on the value of an underlying reference(s). Structured investments typically provide interest income, thereby
offering a potential yield advantage over investing directly in an underlying reference. Structured investments may lack a liquid secondary market and their prices or value can be volatile which could result in significant losses for the
Fund.
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In some cases, depending on its terms, a structured investment may
provide that principal and/or interest payments may be adjusted below zero resulting in a potential loss of principal and/or interest payments. Additionally, the particular terms of a structured investment may create economic leverage by requiring
payment by the issuer of an amount that is a multiple of the price change of the underlying reference. Economic leverage will increase the volatility of structured investment prices, and could result in increased losses for the Fund. The
Fund’s use of structured instruments may not work as intended. If structured investments are used to reduce the duration of the Fund’s portfolio, this may limit the Fund’s return when having a longer duration would be beneficial
(for instance, when interest rates decline). Structured investments can increase the Fund’s risk exposure to underlying references and their attendant risks, such as credit risk, market risk, foreign currency risk and interest rate risk, while
also exposing the Fund to correlation risk, counterparty risk, hedging risk, leverage risk, liquidity risk, pricing risk and volatility risk.
Structured investments include collateralized debt obligations which are debt instruments that are collateralized by the underlying cash flows of a pool of financial assets or receivables.
A
commodity-linked structured note is a derivative (structured investment) that has principal and/or interest payments based on the market price of one or more particular commodities (such as crude oil, gasoline
and natural gas), a basket of commodities, indices of commodity futures or other economic variable. If payment of interest on a commodity-linked structured note is linked to the value of a particular commodity, basket of commodities, commodity index
or other economic variable, the Fund might receive lower interest payments (or not receive any of the interest due) on its investments if there is a loss of value of the underlying reference. Further, to the extent that the amount of principal to be
repaid upon maturity is linked to the value of a particular commodity, basket of commodities, commodity index or other economic variable, the Fund might not receive a portion (or any) of the principal at maturity of the investment or upon earlier
exchange. At any time, the risk of loss associated with a particular structured note in the Fund’s portfolio may be significantly higher than the value of the note. A liquid secondary market may not exist for the commodity-linked structured
notes held in the Fund’s portfolio, which may make it difficult for the notes to be sold at a price acceptable to the portfolio manager(s) or for the Fund to accurately value them.
An equity-linked
note (ELN) is a derivative (structured investment) that has principal and/or interest payments based on the value of a single equity security, a basket of equity securities or an index of equity securities. An ELN typically provides interest
income, thereby offering a yield advantage over investing directly in an underlying equity. The Fund may purchase ELNs that trade on a securities exchange or those that trade on the over-the-counter markets, as well as in privately negotiated
transactions with the issuer of the ELN. The liquidity of unlisted ELNs is normally determined by the willingness of the issuer to make a market in the ELN. While the Fund will seek to purchase ELNs only from issuers that it believes to be willing
to, and capable of, repurchasing the ELN at a reasonable price, there can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to sell any ELN at such a price or at all. This may impair the Fund’s ability to enter into other transactions at a time when
doing so might be advantageous. The Fund’s investments in ELNs have the potential to lead to significant losses because ELNs are subject to the market and volatility risks associated with their underlying equity. In addition, because ELNs
often take the form of unsecured notes of the issuer, the Fund would be subject to the risk that the issuer may default on its obligations under the ELN, thereby subjecting the Fund to the further risk of being too concentrated in the securities
(including ELNs) of that issuer. The Fund may or may not hold an ELN until its maturity. ELNs also include participation notes.
Derivatives Risk – Swaps
Risk. Swaps are derivatives, whereby in a typical swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns earned on a specified underlying reference for a fixed return or
the return from another underlying reference during a specified period of time. Swaps may be difficult to value and may be illiquid. Swaps could result in Fund losses if the underlying asset or reference does not perform as anticipated. Swaps create
significant investment leverage such that a relatively small price movement in a swap may result in immediate and substantial losses to the Fund. The Fund may only close out a swap with its particular counterparty, and may only transfer a position
with the consent of that counterparty. Certain swaps, such as short swap transactions and total return swaps, have the potential for unlimited losses, regardless of the size of the initial investment. Swaps can increase the Fund’s risk
exposure to underlying references and their attendant risks, such as credit risk, market risk, foreign currency risk and interest rate risk, while also exposing the Fund to correlation risk, counterparty risk, hedging risk, inflation risk, leverage
risk, liquidity risk, pricing risk and volatility risk.
A commodity-linked
swap is a derivative (swap) that is an agreement where the underlying reference is the market price of one or more particular commodities (such as crude oil, gasoline and natural gas), basket of commodities or indices of commodity
futures.
Contracts for differences are swap arrangements in which the parties agree that their return (or loss) will be based on the relative performance of two different groups or baskets of securities or other instruments. Often, one or both baskets
will be an established securities index. The Fund’s return will be based on changes in value of theoretical long futures positions in the securities comprising one basket (with an aggregate face value equal to the notional amount of the
contract for differences) and theoretical short futures positions in the securities comprising the other basket. The Fund also may use actual long and short
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futures positions and achieve similar market exposure by netting
the payment obligations of the two contracts. If the short basket outperforms the long basket, the Fund will realize a loss – even in circumstances when the securities in both the long and short baskets appreciate in value.
A credit default
swap (including a swap on a credit default index, sometimes referred to as a credit default swap index) is a derivative and special type of swap where one party pays, in effect, an insurance premium through a stream of payments to another
party in exchange for the right to receive a specified return upon the occurrence of a particular credit event by one or more third parties, such as bankruptcy, default or a similar event. A credit default swap may be embedded within a structured
note or other derivative instrument. Credit default swaps enable an investor to buy or sell protection against such a credit event (such as an issuer’s bankruptcy, restructuring or failure to make timely payments of interest or principal).
Credit default swap indices are indices that reflect the performance of a basket of credit default swaps and are subject to the same risks as credit default swaps. If such a default were to occur, any contractual remedies that the Fund may have may
be subject to bankruptcy and insolvency laws, which could delay or limit the Fund's recovery. Thus, if the counterparty under a credit default swap defaults on its obligation to make payments thereunder, as a result of its bankruptcy or otherwise,
the Fund may lose such payments altogether, or collect only a portion thereof, which collection could involve costs or delays. The Fund’s return from investment in a credit default swap index may not match the return of the referenced index.
Further, investment in a credit default swap index could result in losses if the referenced index does not perform as expected. Unexpected changes in the composition of the index may also affect performance of the credit default swap index. If a
referenced index has a dramatic intraday move that causes a material decline in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of the Fund’s credit default swap index may permit the counterparty to immediately close out the transaction. In that event,
the Fund may be unable to enter into another credit default swap index or otherwise achieve desired exposure, even if the referenced index reverses all or a portion of its intraday move.
An inflation rate
swap is a derivative typically used to transfer inflation risk from one party to another through an exchange of cash flows. In an inflation rate swap, one party pays a fixed rate on a notional principal amount, while the other party pays a
floating rate linked to an inflation index, such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI).
An interest rate
swap is a derivative in which two parties agree to exchange interest rate cash flows, based on a specified notional amount from a fixed rate to a floating rate (or vice versa) or from one floating rate to another. Interest rate swaps can be
based on various measures of interest rates, including LIBOR, swap rates, treasury rates and foreign interest rates.
Portfolio and total return swaps are derivative swap transactions in which one party agrees to pay the other party an amount equal to the total return of a defined underlying reference during a specified period of time. In return, the other party would
make periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate or on the total return of a different underlying reference.
Distressed Securities Risk. The Fund may purchase distressed securities of business enterprises involved in workouts, liquidations, reorganizations, bankruptcies and similar situations. Since there is typically substantial uncertainty concerning
the outcome of transactions involving business enterprises in these situations, there is a high degree of risk of loss, including loss of the entire investment.
In bankruptcy, there can be considerable delay in
reaching accord on a restructuring plan acceptable to a bankrupt company’s lenders, bondholders and other creditors and then obtaining the approval of the bankruptcy court. Such delays could result in substantial losses to the investments in
such company’s securities or obligations. Moreover, there is no assurance that a plan favorable to the class of securities held by the Fund will be adopted or that the subject company might not eventually be liquidated rather than
reorganized.
In liquidations (both in and out
of bankruptcy) and other forms of corporate reorganization, there exists the risk that the reorganization either will be unsuccessful, will be delayed or will result in a distribution of cash or a new security, the value of which will be less than
the purchase price of the security in respect of which such distribution is received. It may be difficult to obtain accurate information concerning a company in financial distress, with the result that the analysis and valuation are especially
difficult. The market for securities of such companies tends to be illiquid and sales may be possible only at substantial discounts.
Dollar Rolls Risk. Dollar rolls are transactions in which the Fund sells securities to a counterparty and simultaneously agrees to purchase those or similar securities in the future at a predetermined price. Dollar rolls involve the risk
that the market value of the securities the Fund is obligated to repurchase may decline below the repurchase price, or that the counterparty may default on its obligations. These transactions may also increase the Fund’s portfolio turnover
rate and may result in higher transactions costs for the Fund. If the Fund reinvests the proceeds of the security sold, the Fund will also be subject to the risk that the investments purchased with such proceeds will decline in value (a form of
leverage risk).
Emerging Market
Securities Risk. Securities issued by foreign governments or companies in emerging market countries, such as China, Russia and certain countries in Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Asia, Latin America or Africa, are
more likely to have greater exposure to the risks of investing in foreign securities that are described in Foreign Securities Risk. In addition, emerging
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market countries are more likely to experience instability
resulting, for example, from rapid changes or developments in social, political, economic or other conditions. Their economies are usually less mature and their securities markets are typically less developed with more limited trading activity (i.e., lower trading volumes and less liquidity) than more developed countries. Emerging market securities tend to be more volatile than securities in more developed markets. Many emerging market countries are
heavily dependent on international trade and have fewer trading partners, which makes them more sensitive to world commodity prices and economic downturns in other countries. Some emerging market countries have a higher risk of currency
devaluations, and some of these countries may experience periods of high inflation or rapid changes in inflation rates and may have hostile relations with other countries.
Operational and Settlement Risks of Securities in
Emerging Markets. In addition to having less developed securities markets, banks in emerging markets that are eligible foreign sub-custodians may be recently organized, lack extensive operating experience or lack
effective government oversight or regulation. In addition, there may be legal restrictions or limitations on the ability of the Fund to recover assets held in custody by a foreign sub-custodian in the event of the bankruptcy of the sub-custodian.
Because settlement systems may be less organized than in developed markets and because delivery versus payment settlement may not be possible or reliable, there may be a greater risk that settlement may be delayed and that cash or securities of the
Fund may be lost because of failures of or defects in the system, including fraud or corruption. Settlement systems in emerging markets also have a higher risk of failed trades.
Risks Related to Currencies and Corporate Actions in
Emerging Markets. Risks related to currencies and corporate actions are also greater in emerging market countries than in developed countries. For example, some emerging market countries may have fixed or managed
currencies that are not free-floating against the U.S. dollar. Further, certain currencies may not be traded internationally, or countries may have varying exchange rates. Some emerging market countries have a higher risk of currency devaluations,
and some of these countries may experience sustained periods of high inflation or rapid changes in inflation rates which can have negative effects on a country’s economy and securities markets. Corporate action procedures in emerging market
countries may be less reliable and have limited or no involvement by the depositories and central banks. Lack of standard practices and payment systems can lead to significant delays in payment.
Risks Related to Corporate and Securities Laws in
Emerging Markets. Securities laws in emerging markets may be relatively new and unsettled and, consequently, there is a risk of rapid and unpredictable change in laws regarding foreign investment, securities
regulation, title to securities and shareholder rights. Accordingly, foreign investors may be adversely affected by new or amended laws and regulations. In addition, the systems of corporate governance to which issuers in certain emerging markets
are subject may be less advanced than the systems to which issuers located in more developed countries are subject, and therefore, shareholders of such issuers may not receive many of the protections available to shareholders of issuers located in
more developed countries. These risks may be heightened in China and Russia.
EuroZone-Related Risk. A number of countries in the European Union (EU) have experienced, and may continue to experience, severe economic and financial difficulties. Additional EU member countries may also fall subject to such difficulties.
These events could negatively affect the value and liquidity of the Fund’s investments in euro-denominated securities and derivatives contracts, securities of issuers located in the EU or with significant exposure to EU issuers or countries.
If the euro is dissolved entirely, the legal and contractual consequences for holders of euro-denominated obligations and derivative contracts would be determined by laws in effect at such time. Such investments may continue to be held, or
purchased, to the extent consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and permitted under applicable law. These potential developments, or market perceptions concerning these and related issues, could adversely affect the value of Fund
shares.
Certain countries in the EU
have had to accept assistance from supra-governmental agencies such as the International Monetary Fund, the European Stability Mechanism (the ESM) or other supra-governmental agencies. The European Central Bank has also been intervening to purchase
Eurozone debt in an attempt to stabilize markets and reduce borrowing costs.
There can be no assurance that these agencies will
continue to intervene or provide further assistance and markets may react adversely to any expected reduction in the financial support provided by these agencies. Responses to the financial problems by European governments, central banks and others
including austerity measures and reforms, may not work, may result in social unrest and may limit future growth and economic recovery or have other unintended consequences. In addition, one or more countries may abandon the euro and/or withdraw from
the EU. The impact of these actions, especially if they occur in a disorderly fashion, could be significant and far-reaching.
Event-Driven Trading Risk. The Fund may seek to profit from the occurrence of specific corporate or other events. A delay in the timing of these events, or the failure of these events to occur at all, may have a significant negative effect on the
Fund’s performance.
Event-Linked
Instruments Risk. The Fund may seek to profit from investment in debt securities whose performance is linked to the occurrence of specific “trigger” events, such as a hurricane, earthquake, or other
physical or weather-related phenomena. If a trigger event causes losses exceeding a specific amount in the geographic region and time period specified in a bond, the
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Fund may lose a portion or all of its principal invested in the
bond or suffer a reduction in credited interest. Some event-linked bonds have features that delay the return of capital upon the occurrence of a specified event; in these cases, whether or not there is loss of capital or interest, the return on the
investment may be significantly lower during the extension period. Bonds commonly referred to as “catastrophe bonds” are a type of event-linked instrument in which the Fund may invest. Catastrophe bonds may be issued by government
agencies, insurance companies, reinsurers, special purpose corporations or other on-shore or off-shore entities (such special purpose entities are created to accomplish a narrow and well-defined objective, such as the issuance of a note in
connection with a reinsurance transaction). The return on these securities is tied primarily to property insurance risk and is analogous to underwriting insurance in certain circumstances. By isolating insurance risk, these securities are largely
uncorrelated to other more traditional investments. Risks associated with investment in catastrophe bonds would include, for example, a major hurricane or similar catastrophe striking a heavily populated area of the East Coast of the United States
or a major earthquake with an epicenter in an urban area on the West Coast of the United States. In addition to specified trigger events, catastrophe bonds may expose the Fund to other risks, such as credit risk, counterparty risk, adverse
regulatory or jurisdictional interpretations, adverse tax consequences, liquidity risk, and foreign exchange risk. Event-linked exposure often provides for an extension of maturity to process and audit loss claims where a trigger event has, or
possibly has, occurred. An extension of maturity may increase volatility. From time to time, the volume of catastrophe bonds available in the market may be insufficient to enable the Fund to invest as great a percentage of its assets in catastrophe
bonds as it would like.
Exchange-Traded Fund
(ETF) Risk. An ETF’s share price may not track its specified market index (if any) and may trade below its net asset value. Certain ETFs use a “passive” investment strategy and do not take
defensive positions in volatile or declining markets. Other ETFs in which the Fund may invest are actively managed ETFs (i.e., they do not track a
particular benchmark), which indirectly subjects the Fund to active management risk. An active secondary market in an ETF’s shares may not develop or be maintained and may be halted or interrupted due to actions by its listing exchange,
unusual market conditions or other reasons. There can be no assurance an ETF’s shares will continue to be listed on an active exchange. In addition, shareholders bear both their proportionate share of the Fund’s expenses and similar
expenses incurred through ownership of the ETF.
The Fund generally expects to purchase shares of
ETFs through broker-dealers in transactions on a securities exchange, and in such cases the Fund will pay customary brokerage commissions for each purchase and sale. Shares of an ETF may also be acquired by depositing a specified portfolio of the
ETF’s underlying securities, as well as a cash payment generally equal to accumulated dividends of the securities (net of expenses) up to the time of deposit, with the ETF’s custodian, in exchange for which the ETF will issue a quantity
of new shares sometimes referred to as a “creation unit.” Similarly, shares of an ETF purchased on an exchange may be accumulated until they represent a creation unit, and the creation unit may be redeemed in kind for a portfolio of the
underlying securities (based on the ETF’s net asset value) together with a cash payment generally equal to accumulated dividends as of the date of redemption. The Funds may redeem creation units for the underlying securities (and any
applicable cash), and may assemble a portfolio of the underlying securities (and any required cash) to purchase creation units. The Funds’ ability to redeem creation units may be limited by the 1940 Act, which provides that ETFs, the shares of
which are purchased in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(F) of the 1940 Act, will not be obligated to redeem such shares in an amount exceeding one percent of their total outstanding securities during any period of less than 30 days.
Exchange-Traded Notes Risk. Because exchange-traded notes (ETNs) are unsecured, unsubordinated debt securities, an investment in an ETN exposes the Fund to the risk that an ETN’s issuer may be unable to pay, which means that the Fund is
subject to issuer credit risk, including that the value of the ETN may drop due to a downgrade in the issuer’s credit rating, despite the underlying benchmark or strategy remaining unchanged. ETNs do not typically offer principal protection,
so the Fund may lose some or all of its investment. The returns of ETNs are usually linked to the performance of a market benchmark or strategy, less investor fees and expenses. The Fund will bear its proportionate share of the fees and expenses of
the ETN, which may cause the Fund’s returns to be lower. The return on ETNs will typically be lower than the total return on a direct investment in the components of the underlying index or strategy because of the ETN’s investor fees and
expenses. The value of an ETN may also be influenced by time to maturity, level of supply and demand for the ETN, volatility and lack of liquidity in the underlying market, changes in the applicable interest rates, and economic, legal, political, or
geographic events that affect the referenced underlying benchmark or strategy.
Foreign Currency Risk. The performance of the Fund may be materially affected positively or negatively by foreign currency strength or weakness relative to the U.S. dollar, particularly if the Fund invests a significant percentage of its
assets in foreign securities or other assets denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Currency rates in foreign countries may fluctuate significantly over short or long periods of time for a number of reasons, including changes in
interest rates, imposition of currency controls and economic or political developments in the U.S. or abroad. The Fund may also incur currency conversion costs when converting foreign currencies into U.S. dollars and vice versa.
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Foreign Currency-related Tax Risk. As a regulated investment company (RIC), the Fund must derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from sources treated as “qualifying income” under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended. The Fund may gain exposure to local currency markets through forward currency contracts. Although foreign currency gains currently constitute “qualifying income,” the Treasury Department has the authority to issue regulations
excluding from the definition of “qualifying income” a RIC’s foreign currency gains not “directly related” to its “principal business” of investing in stock or securities (or options and futures with respect
thereto). Such regulations might treat gains from some of the Fund’s foreign currency-denominated positions as not qualifying income and there is a possibility that such regulations might be applied retroactively, in which case, the Fund might
not qualify as a RIC for one or more years. In the event the Treasury Department issues such regulations, the Fund’s Board may authorize a significant change in investment strategy or the Fund’s liquidation.
Foreign Securities Risk. Investments in or exposure to foreign securities involve certain risks not associated with investments in or exposure to securities of U.S. companies. For example, foreign markets can be extremely volatile. Foreign
securities may also be less liquid than securities of U.S. companies so that the Fund may, at times, be unable to sell foreign securities at desirable times or prices. Brokerage commissions, custodial costs and other fees are also generally higher
for foreign securities. The Fund may have limited or no legal recourse in the event of default with respect to certain foreign securities, including those issued by foreign governments. In addition, foreign governments may impose withholding or
other taxes on the Fund’s income, capital gains or proceeds from the disposition of foreign securities, which could reduce the Fund’s return on such securities. In some cases, such withholding or other taxes could potentially be
confiscatory. Other risks include: possible delays in the settlement of transactions or in the payment of income; generally less publicly available information about foreign companies; the impact of economic, political, social, diplomatic or other
conditions or events; possible seizure, expropriation or nationalization of a company or its assets or the assets of a particular investor or category of investors; accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards that may be less
comprehensive and stringent than those applicable to domestic companies; the imposition of economic and other sanctions against a particular foreign country, its nationals or industries or businesses within the country; and the generally less
stringent standard of care to which local agents may be held in the local markets. In addition, it may be difficult to obtain reliable information about the securities and business operations of certain foreign issuers. Governments or trade groups
may compel local agents to hold securities in designated depositories that are not subject to independent evaluation. The less developed a country’s securities market is, the greater the level of risks. The risks posed by sanctions against a
particular foreign country, its nationals or industries or businesses within the country may be heightened to the extent the Fund invests significantly in the affected country or region or in issuers from the affected country that depend on global
markets. The performance of the Fund may also be negatively impacted by fluctuations in a foreign currency's strength or weakness relative to the U.S. dollar, particularly to the extent the Fund invests a significant percentage of its assets in
foreign securities or other assets denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Currency rates in foreign countries may fluctuate significantly over short or long periods of time for a number of reasons, including changes in interest rates,
imposition of currency exchange controls and economic or political developments in the U.S. or abroad. The Fund may also incur currency conversion costs when converting foreign currencies into U.S. dollars and vice versa.
Operational and Settlement Risks of Foreign
Securities. The Fund’s foreign securities are generally held outside the United States in the primary market for the securities in the custody of certain eligible foreign banks and trust companies
(“foreign sub-custodians”), as permitted under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act). Settlement practices for foreign securities may differ from those in the United States. Some countries have limited governmental oversight
and regulation of industry practices, stock exchanges, depositories, registrars, brokers and listed companies, which increases the risk of corruption and fraud and the possibility of losses to the Fund. In particular, under certain circumstances,
foreign securities may settle on a delayed delivery basis, meaning that the Fund may be required to make payment for securities before the Fund has actually received delivery of the securities or deliver securities prior to the receipt of payment.
Typically, in these cases, the Fund will receive evidence of ownership in accordance with the generally accepted settlement practices in the local market entitling the Fund to delivery or payment at a future date, but there is a risk that the
security will not be delivered to the Fund or that payment will not be received, although the Fund and its foreign sub-custodians take reasonable precautions to mitigate this risk. Losses can also result from lost, stolen or counterfeit securities;
defaults by brokers and banks; failures or defects of the settlement system; or poor and improper record keeping by registrars and issuers.
Share Blocking.
Share blocking refers to a practice in certain foreign markets under which an issuer’s securities are blocked from trading at the custodian or sub-custodian level for a specified number of days before and, in certain instances, after a
shareholder meeting where a vote of shareholders takes place. The blocking period can last up to several weeks. Share blocking may prevent the Fund from buying or selling securities during this period, because during the time shares are blocked,
trades in such securities will not settle. It may be difficult or impossible to lift blocking restrictions, with the particular requirements varying widely by country. As a consequence of these restrictions, the Investment Manager, on behalf of the
Fund, may abstain from voting proxies in markets that require share blocking.
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Forward Commitments on
Mortgage-Backed Securities (including Dollar Rolls) Risk. When purchasing mortgage-backed securities in the “to be announced” (TBA) market (MBS TBAs), the seller agrees to deliver mortgage-backed
securities for an agreed upon price on an agreed upon date, but may make no guarantee as to the specific securities to be delivered. In lieu of taking delivery of mortgage-backed securities, the Fund could enter into dollar rolls, which are
transactions in which the Fund sells securities to a counterparty and simultaneously agrees to purchase those or similar securities in the future at a predetermined price. Dollar rolls involve the risk that the market value of the securities the
Fund is obligated to repurchase may decline below the repurchase price, or that the counterparty may default on its obligations. These transactions may also increase the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate. If the Fund reinvests the proceeds of the
security sold, the Fund will also be subject to the risk that the investments purchased with such proceeds will decline in value (a form of leverage risk). MBS TBAs and dollar rolls are subject to the risk that the counterparty to the instrument may
not perform or be unable to perform in accordance with the terms of the instrument.
Frontier Market
Risk. Frontier market countries generally have smaller economies and even less developed capital markets than typical emerging market countries (which themselves have increased investment risk relative to more
developed market countries) and, as a result, the Fund’s exposure to risks associated with investing in emerging market countries are magnified when the Fund invests in frontier market countries. The increased risks include: the potential for
extreme price volatility and illiquidity in frontier market countries; government ownership or control of parts of the private sector and of certain companies; trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and
other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which frontier market countries trade; and the relatively new and unsettled securities laws in many frontier market countries. Securities issued by foreign governments or
companies in frontier market countries are even more likely than emerging markets securities to have greater exposure to the risks of investing in foreign securities that are described in
Foreign Securities Risk.
Geographic Focus Risk. The Fund may be particularly susceptible to economic, political, regulatory or other events or conditions affecting issuers and countries within the specific geographic regions in which the Fund invests. Currency
devaluations could occur in countries that have not yet experienced currency devaluation to date, or could continue to occur in countries that have already experienced such devaluations. As a result, the Fund’s NAV may be more volatile than
the NAV of a more geographically diversified fund.
Growth Securities Risk. Growth securities typically trade at a higher multiple of earnings than other types of equity securities. Accordingly, the market values of growth securities may never reach their expected market value and may decline
in price. In addition, growth securities, at times, may not perform as well as value securities or the stock market in general, and may be out of favor with investors for varying periods of time.
Hedging Transactions Risk. The Fund may invest in securities and utilize financial instruments for a variety of hedging purposes. Hedging transactions may limit the opportunity for gain if the value of the portfolio position should increase.
There can be no assurance that the Fund will engage in hedging transactions at any given time, even under volatile market conditions, or that any hedging transactions the Fund engages in will be successful. Moreover, it may not be possible for the
Fund to enter into a hedging transaction at a price sufficient to protect its assets. The Fund may not anticipate a particular risk so as to hedge against it.
Hedging against a decline in the value of a
portfolio position does not eliminate fluctuations in the values of portfolio positions or prevent losses if the values of such positions decline, but establishes other positions designed to gain from those same developments, thus moderating the
decline in the portfolio positions’ value. Such hedging transactions also limit the opportunity for gain if the value of the portfolio position should increase. Moreover, it may not be possible for the Fund to hedge against an exchange rate,
interest rate or security price fluctuation that is so generally anticipated that the Fund is not able to enter into a hedging transaction at a price sufficient to protect its assets from the decline in value of the portfolio positions anticipated
as a result of such fluctuations.
The Fund is
not required to attempt to hedge portfolio positions and, for various reasons, may determine not to do so. Furthermore, the Fund may not anticipate a particular risk so as to hedge against it. While the Fund may enter into hedging transactions to
seek to reduce risk, such transactions may result in a poorer overall performance for the Fund than if the Fund had not engaged in any such hedging transaction. In addition, the degree of correlation between price movements of the instruments used
in a hedging strategy and price movements in the portfolio position being hedged may vary. For a variety of reasons, the Fund may not seek to establish a perfect correlation between such hedging instruments and the portfolio holdings being hedged.
Such imperfect correlation may prevent the Fund from achieving the intended hedge or expose the Fund to risk of loss. The successful utilization of hedging and risk management transactions requires skills complementary to those needed in the
selection of the Fund’s portfolio holdings. Moreover, it should be noted that a portfolio will always be exposed to certain risks that cannot be hedged, such as credit risk (relating both to particular securities and counterparties), liquidity
risk and widening risk.
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High-Yield Investments Risk. Securities and other debt instruments held by the Fund that are rated below investment grade (commonly called “high-yield” or “junk” bonds) and unrated debt instruments of comparable quality tend
to be more sensitive to credit risk than higher-rated debt instruments and may experience greater price fluctuations in response to perceived changes in the ability of the issuing entity or obligor to pay interest and principal when due than to
changes in interest rates. These investments are generally more likely to experience a default than higher-rated debt instruments. High-yield debt instruments are considered to be predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity
to pay interest and repay principal. These debt instruments typically pay a premium – a higher interest rate or yield – because of the increased risk of loss, including default. High-yield debt instruments may require a greater degree of
judgment to establish a price, may be difficult to sell at the time and price the Fund desires, may carry high transaction costs, and also are generally less liquid than higher-rated debt instruments. The ratings provided by third party rating
agencies are based on analyses by these ratings agencies of the credit quality of the debt instruments and may not take into account every risk related to whether interest or principal will be timely repaid. In adverse economic and other
circumstances, issuers of lower-rated debt instruments are more likely to have difficulty making principal and interest payments than issuers of higher-rated debt instruments.
Highly Leveraged Transactions Risk. The loans or other debt instruments in which the Fund invests may consist of transactions involving refinancings, recapitalizations, mergers and acquisitions and other financings for general corporate purposes. The
Fund’s investments also may include senior obligations of a borrower issued in connection with a restructuring pursuant to Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code (commonly known as “debtor-in-possession” financings), provided that
such senior obligations are determined by the Fund’s portfolio managers to be a suitable investment for the Fund. In such highly leveraged transactions, the borrower assumes large amounts of debt in order to have the financial resources to
attempt to achieve its business objectives. Such business objectives may include but are not limited to: management’s taking over control of a company (leveraged buy-out); reorganizing the assets and liabilities of a company (leveraged
recapitalization); or acquiring another company. Loans or other debt instruments that are part of highly leveraged transactions involve a greater risk (including default and bankruptcy) than other investments.
Impairment of Collateral Risk. The value of collateral, if any, securing a loan can decline, and may be insufficient to meet the borrower’s obligations or difficult or costly to liquidate. In addition, the Fund’s access to collateral may
be limited by bankruptcy or other insolvency laws. Further, certain floating rate and other loans may not be fully collateralized and may decline in value.
Inflation-Protected Securities Risk. Inflation-protected debt securities tend to react to changes in real interest rates. Real interest rates can be described as nominal interest rates minus the expected impact of inflation. In general, the price of an
inflation-protected debt security falls when real interest rates rise, and rises when real interest rates fall. Interest payments on inflation-protected debt securities will vary as the principal and/or interest is adjusted for inflation and may be
more volatile than interest paid on ordinary bonds. In periods of deflation, the Fund may have no income at all from such investments. Income earned by a shareholder depends on the amount of principal invested, and that principal will not grow with
inflation unless the shareholder reinvests the portion of Fund distributions that comes from inflation adjustments. A Fund’s investment in certain inflation-protected debt securities may generate taxable income in excess of the interest they
pay to the Fund, which may cause the Fund to sell investments to obtain cash to make income distributions to shareholders, including at times when it may not be advantageous to do so.
Interest Rate Risk. Interest rate risk is the risk of losses attributable to changes in interest rates. In general, if prevailing interest rates (which are at historic lows) rise, the values of loans and other fixed-income instruments tend
to fall, and if interest rates fall, the values of loans and other fixed-income instruments tend to rise. Changes in the value of a fixed-income instrument usually will not affect the amount of income the Fund receives from it but will generally
affect the value of the Fund's shares. In general, the longer the maturity or duration of a fixed-income instrument, the greater its sensitivity to changes in interest rates. Interest rate declines also may increase prepayments of debt obligations,
which, in turn, would increase prepayment risk. Similarly, a period of rising interest rates may negatively impact the Fund’s performance. Actions by governments and central banking authorities can result in increases in interest rates. Such
actions may negatively affect the value of fixed-income instruments held by the Fund, resulting in a negative impact on the Fund's performance and NAV. Debt instruments with floating coupon rates are typically less sensitive to interest rate
changes, but these debt instruments may decline in value if their coupon rates do not rise as much as, or keep pace with, yields on such types of debt instruments. Because rates on certain floating rate loans and other debt instruments reset only
periodically, changes in prevailing interest rates (and particularly sudden and significant changes) can be expected to cause fluctuations in the Fund’s NAV. Any interest rate increases could cause the value of the Fund’s investments in
fixed-income instruments to decrease. Rising interest rates may prompt redemptions from the Fund, which may force the Fund to sell investments at a time when it is not advantageous to do so, which could result in losses.
Investing in Other Funds Risk. The Fund’s investment in other funds (affiliated and/or unaffiliated funds, including exchange-traded funds (ETFs)) subjects the Fund to the investment performance (positive or negative) and risks of the
underlying funds in direct proportion to the Fund’s investment therein. In addition, investments in ETFs have unique characteristics, including, but not limited to, the expense structure and additional expenses associated with investing in
ETFs. The performance of the
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underlying funds could be
adversely affected if other investors in the same underlying funds make relatively large investments or redemptions in such underlying funds. The Fund, and its shareholders, indirectly bear a portion of the expenses of any funds in which the Fund
invests. Because the expenses and costs of an underlying fund are shared by its investors, redemptions by other investors in the underlying funds could result in decreased economies of scale and increased operating expenses for such underlying fund.
These transactions might also result in higher brokerage, tax or other costs for the underlying funds. This risk may be particularly important when one investor owns a substantial portion of the underlying funds. The Investment Manager may have
potential conflicts of interest in selecting affiliated underlying funds for investment by the Fund because the fees paid to it by some underlying funds are higher than the fees paid by other underlying funds, as well as a potential conflict in
selecting affiliated funds over unaffiliated funds. Also, to the extent that the Fund is constrained/restricted from investing (or investing further) in a particular underlying fund for one or more reasons (e.g., underlying fund capacity constraints
or regulatory restrictions) or if the Fund chooses to sell its investment in an underlying fund because of poor investment performance or for other reasons, the Fund may have to invest in other underlying funds, including less desirable funds
– from a strategy or investment performance standpoint – which could have a negative impact on Fund performance. In addition, Fund performance could be negatively impacted if an appropriate alternate underlying fund does not present
itself in a timely manner or at all.
IPO Risk. IPOs are
subject to many of the same risks as investing in companies with smaller market capitalizations. To the extent the Fund determines to invest in IPOs, it may not be able to invest to the extent desired, because, for example, only a small portion (if
any) of the securities being offered in an IPO are available to the Fund. The investment performance of the Fund during periods when it is unable to invest significantly or at all in IPOs may be lower than during periods when the Fund is able to do
so. In addition, as the Fund increases in size, the impact of IPOs on the Fund’s performance will generally decrease. IPOs sold within 12 months of purchase may result in increased short-term capital gains, which will be taxable to the
Fund’s shareholders as ordinary income.
Issuer Risk. An
issuer in which the Fund invests or to which it has exposure may perform poorly, and the value of its loans or securities may therefore decline, which would negatively affect the Fund’s performance. Poor performance may be caused by poor
management decisions, competitive pressures, breakthroughs in technology, reliance on suppliers, labor problems or shortages, corporate restructurings, fraudulent disclosures, natural disasters or other events, conditions or factors.
Large Fund Investor Risk. The Fund may from time to time sell a substantial amount of its shares to relatively few investors or a single investor, including other funds advised by the Investment Manager, or third parties. Sales to and
redemptions from large investors may be very substantial relative to the size of the Fund and carry potentially adverse effects. While it is not possible to predict the overall effect of such sales and redemptions, such transactions may adversely
affect the Fund’s performance to the extent that the Fund is required to invest cash received in connection with a sale or to sell a substantial amount of its portfolio securities to facilitate a redemption, in either case, a time when the
Fund would otherwise prefer not to invest or sell, such as in an up market or down market, respectively. Such transactions may also increase the Fund’s transaction costs, which would also detract from Fund performance, while also having
potentially negative tax consequences to investors. The Fund, because of a large redemption, may be forced to sell its liquid or more liquid positions, resulting in the Fund holding a higher percentage of less liquid or illiquid securities
(securities that may be unable to sell at a favorite time or price). Because the expenses and costs of the Fund are shared by its investors, large redemptions in the Fund could result in decreased economies of scale and increased operating expenses
for non-redeeming Fund shareholders. In addition, in the event of a Fund proxy proposal, a large investor(s) could dictate with its/their vote the results of the proposal, which may have a less favorable impact on minority-stake
shareholders.
Leverage Risk. Leverage occurs when the Fund increases its assets available for investment using borrowings, short sales, derivatives, or similar instruments or techniques. If the Fund uses leverage, through the purchase of particular
instruments such as derivatives, the Fund may experience capital losses that exceed the net assets of the Fund. Because short sales involve borrowing securities and then selling them, the Fund’s short sales effectively leverage the
Fund’s assets. The Fund’s assets that are used as collateral to secure the Fund’s obligations to return the securities sold short may decrease in value while the short positions are outstanding, which may force the Fund to use its
other assets to increase the collateral. Leverage can create an interest expense that may lower the Fund's overall returns. Leverage presents the opportunity for increased net income and capital gains, but may also exaggerate the Fund’s
volatility and risk of loss. There can be no guarantee that a leveraging strategy will be successful.
Liquidity Risk.
Liquidity risk is the risk associated with any event, circumstance, or characteristic of an investment or market that negatively impacts the Fund’s ability to sell, or realize the proceeds from the sale of, an investment at a desirable time or
price. Liquidity risk may arise because of, for example, a lack of marketability of the investment. Decreases in the number of financial institutions, including banks and broker-dealers willing to make markets (match up sellers and buyers) in the
Fund’s investments or decreases in their capacity or willingness to trade such investments may increase the Fund’s exposure to this risk. The debt market has experienced considerable growth, and financial institutions making markets in
instruments purchased and sold by the Fund (e.g., bond dealers) have been subject to increased regulation. The impact of that growth and regulation on the
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ability and willingness of financial institutions to engage in
trading or “making a market” in such instruments remains unsettled. As a result, the Fund, when seeking to sell its portfolio investments, could find that selling is more difficult than anticipated, especially during times of high market
volatility. Market participants attempting to sell the same or a similar instrument at the same time as the Fund could exacerbate the Fund’s exposure to liquidity risk. The Fund may have to accept a lower selling price for the holding, sell
other investments that it might otherwise prefer to hold, or forego another more appealing investment opportunity. Certain investments that were liquid when purchased by the Fund may later become illiquid, particularly in times of overall economic
distress. Changing regulatory, market or other conditions or environments (for example, the interest rate or credit environments) may also adversely affect the liquidity and the price of the Fund's investments. Certain types of investments, such as
structured notes and non-investment grade fixed-income securities, as an example, may be especially subject to liquidity risk. Floating rate loans also generally are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale and may trade infrequently
on the secondary market. The value of the loan to the Fund may be impaired in the event that the Fund needs to liquidate such loans. The inability to purchase or sell floating rate loans and other debt instruments at a fair price may have a negative
impact on the Fund’s performance. Securities or other assets in which the Fund invests may be traded in the over-the-counter market rather than on an exchange and therefore may be more difficult to purchase or sell at a fair price. Judgment
plays a larger role in valuing illiquid or less liquid investments as compared to valuing liquid or more liquid investments. Price volatility may be higher for illiquid or less liquid investments as a result of, for example, the relatively less
frequent pricing of such securities (as compared to liquid or more liquid investments). Generally, the less liquid the market at the time the Fund sells a portfolio investment, the greater the risk of loss or decline of value to the Fund. Overall
market liquidity and other factors can lead to an increase in Fund redemptions, which may negatively impact Fund performance and NAV, including, for example, if the Fund is forced to sell investments in a down market.
Governments and their regulatory agencies and
self-regulatory organizations may take actions that affect the regulation of the instruments in which the Fund invests, or the issuers of such instruments, in ways that are unforeseeable. Legislation or regulation may also change the way in which
the Fund or the Investment Manager or any Fund subadviser, as the case may be, are regulated or supervised. Such legislation or regulation could affect or preclude a Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.
Governments and their regulatory agencies and
self-regulatory organizations may also acquire distressed assets from financial institutions and acquire ownership interests in those institutions. The implications of government ownership and disposition of these assets are unclear, and such a
program may have positive or negative effects on the liquidity, valuation and performance of a Fund’s portfolio holdings. Furthermore, volatile financial markets can expose the Funds to greater market and liquidity risk and potential
difficulty in valuing portfolio instruments held by the Funds.
While the Investment Manager and any subadvisers can
endeavor to take various preventative measures to address liquidity risk, including conducting periodic portfolio risk analysis/management and stress-testing, such measures may not be successful and may not have fully accounted for the specific
circumstances that ultimately impact a Fund and its holdings.
Listed Private Equity Fund Investment Risk. Private equity funds include financial institutions or vehicles whose principal business is to invest in and lend capital to privately held companies. The Fund is subject to the underlying risks that affect private
equity funds in which it invests, which may include increased liquidity risk, valuation risk, sector risk and credit risk. Limited or incomplete information about the companies in which private equity funds invest, and relatively concentrated
investment portfolios of private equity funds, may expose the Fund to greater volatility and risk of loss. Fund investment in private equity funds subjects Fund shareholders indirectly to the fees and expenses incurred by private equity
funds.
Loan Assignment/Loan Participation
Risk. If a bank loan is acquired through an assignment, the Fund may not be able to unilaterally enforce all rights and remedies under the loan and with regard to any associated collateral. If a bank loan is
acquired through a participation, the Fund generally will have no right to enforce against the borrower compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement, and the Fund may not benefit from the collateral supporting the debt obligation
in which it has purchased the participation. As a result, the Fund will be exposed to the credit risk of both the borrower and the institution selling the participation.
Loan Interests Risk. Loan interests may not be considered “securities,” and purchasers, such as the Fund, therefore may not be entitled to rely on the anti-fraud protections of the federal securities laws. Loan interests
generally are subject to restrictions on transfer, and the Fund may be unable to sell loan interests at a time when it may otherwise be desirable to do so or may be able to sell them only at prices that are less than what the Fund regards as their
fair market value. Accordingly, loan interests may at times be illiquid. Loan interests may be difficult to value and typically have extended settlement periods (generally greater than 7 days), which expose the Fund to the risk that the receipt of
principal and interest payments may be delayed until the loan interest settles. Extended settlement periods during significant Fund redemption activity could potentially cause short-term liquidity demands within the Fund. In seeking to meet
liquidity demands, the Fund could be forced to sell investments at unfavorable prices, or borrow money or effect short settlements when possible (at a cost to the Fund), in an effort to generate
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sufficient cash to pay redeeming shareholders. The Fund’s
actions in this regard may not be successful. Interests in loans made to finance highly leveraged companies or transactions, such as corporate acquisitions, may be especially vulnerable to adverse changes in economic or market conditions.
Interests in secured loans have the benefit of
collateral and, typically, of restrictive covenants limiting the ability of the borrower to further encumber its assets, although many covenants may be waived or modified with the consent of a certain percentage of the holders of the loans even if
the Fund does not consent. There is a risk that the value of any collateral securing a loan in which the Fund has an interest may decline and that the collateral may not be sufficient to cover the amount owed on the loan. In most loan agreements
there is no formal requirement to pledge additional collateral. In the event the borrower defaults, the Fund’s access to the collateral may be limited or delayed by bankruptcy or other insolvency laws. Further, there is a risk that a court
could take action with respect to a loan that is adverse to the holders of the loan, including the Fund. Such actions may include invalidating the loan, the lien on the collateral, the priority status of the loan, or ordering the refund of interest
previously paid by the borrower. Any such actions by a court could adversely affect the Fund’s performance. A default or expected default of a loan could also make it difficult for the Fund to sell the loan at a price approximating the value
previously placed on it. In order to enforce its rights in the event of a default, bankruptcy or similar situation, the Fund may be required to retain legal or similar counsel. This may increase the Fund’s operating expenses and adversely
affect its NAV. Loans that have a lower priority for repayment in an issuer’s capital structure may involve a higher degree of overall risk than more senior loans of the same borrower. In the event of a default, second lien secured loans will
generally be paid only if the value of the collateral exceeds the amount of the borrower’s obligations to the first lien secured lenders. The remaining collateral may not be sufficient to cover the full amount owed on the loan in which the
Fund has an interest. In addition, if a secured loan is foreclosed, the Fund would likely bear the costs and liabilities associated with owning and disposing of the collateral. The collateral may be difficult to sell and the Fund would bear the risk
that the collateral may decline in value while the Fund is holding it. From time to time, disagreements may arise amongst the holders of loans and debt in the capital structure of an issuer, which may give rise to litigation risks, including the
risk that a court could take action adverse to the holders of the loan, which could negatively impact the Fund’s performance.
The Fund may acquire a loan interest by obtaining an
assignment of all or a portion of the interests in a particular loan that are held by an original lender or a prior assignee. As an assignee, the Fund normally will succeed to all rights and obligations of its assignor with respect to the portion of
the loan that is being assigned. However, the rights and obligations acquired by the purchaser of a loan assignment may differ from, and be more limited than, those held by the original lenders or the assignor. Alternatively, the Fund may acquire a
participation interest in a loan that is held by another party. When the Fund’s loan interest is a participation, the Fund may have less control over the exercise of remedies than the party selling the participation interest, and the Fund
normally would not have any direct rights against the borrower. As a participant, the Fund also would be subject to the risk that the party selling the participation interest would not remit the Fund’s pro rata share of loan payments to the
Fund. It may also be difficult for the Fund to obtain an accurate picture of a lending bank’s financial condition.
Macro Strategy Risk.
The profitability of any macro program depends primarily on the ability of its manager to predict derivative contract price movements to implement investment ideas regarding macroeconomic trends. Price movements for commodity interests are
influenced by, among other things: changes in interest rates; governmental, agricultural, trade, fiscal, monetary and exchange control programs and policies; weather and climate conditions; natural disasters, such as hurricanes; changing supply and
demand relationships; changes in balances of payments and trade; U.S. and international rates of inflation and deflation; currency devaluations and revaluations; U.S. and international political and economic events; and changes in philosophies and
emotions of market participants. The manager’s trading methods may not take all of these factors into account.
The global macro programs to which the Fund’s
investments are exposed typically use derivative financial instruments that are actively traded using a variety of strategies and investment techniques that involve significant risks. The derivative financial instruments traded include commodities,
currencies, futures, options and forward contracts and other derivative instruments that have inherent leverage and price volatility that result in greater risk than instruments used by typical mutual funds, and the systematic programs used to trade
them may rely on proprietary investment strategies that are not fully disclosed, which may in turn result in risks that are not anticipated.
Market Risk. Market
risk refers to the possibility that the market values of securities or other investments that the Fund holds will fall, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, or fail to rise. The value of Fund investments may fall or fail to rise because of a variety
of actual or perceived factors affecting an issuer (e.g., an unfavorable earnings report), the industry or sector in which it operates, or the market as a whole, which may reduce the value of an investment in the Fund. Accordingly, an investment in
the Fund could lose money over short or long periods. The market values of the investments the Fund holds can be affected by changes or perceived changes in U.S. or foreign economies and financial markets, and the liquidity of these investments,
among other factors.
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Master Limited Partnership Risk. Investments in securities (units) of master limited partnerships involve risks that differ from an investment in common stock. Holders of these units have more limited rights to vote on matters affecting the
partnership. These units may be subject to cash flow and dilution risks. There are also certain tax risks associated with such an investment. In particular, the Fund’s investment in master limited partnerships can be limited by the
Fund’s intention to qualify as a regulated investment company for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and can limit the Fund’s ability to so qualify. In addition, conflicts of interest may exist between common unit holders, subordinated
unit holders and the general partner of a master limited partnership, including a conflict arising as a result of incentive distribution payments. In addition, there are risks related to the general partner’s right to require unit holders to
sell their common units at an undesirable time or price.
Mid-Cap Company Securities Risk. Securities of mid-capitalization companies (mid-cap companies) can, in certain circumstances, have more risk than securities of larger capitalization companies (larger companies). For example, mid-cap companies may be
more vulnerable to market downturns and adverse business or economic events than larger companies because they may have more limited financial resources and business operations. Mid-cap companies are also more likely than larger companies to have
more limited product lines and operating histories and to depend on smaller management teams. Securities of mid-cap companies may trade less frequently and in smaller volumes and may fluctuate more sharply in value than securities of larger
companies. When the Fund takes significant positions in mid-cap companies with limited trading volumes, the liquidation of those positions, particularly in a distressed market, could be difficult and result in Fund investment losses. In addition,
some mid-cap companies may not be widely followed by the investment community, which can lower the demand for their stocks.
Model and Technology Risk. Investment strategies or programs that are fundamentally dependent on proprietary or licensed technology, such as, among other things, hardware, software, model-based strategies, data gathering systems, order execution,
and trade allocation systems, and/or risk management systems may not be successful on an ongoing basis or could contain errors, omissions, imperfections, or malfunctions. Any such errors, imperfections or limitations in a model could affect the
ability of the manager to implement strategies. Despite testing, monitoring and independent safeguards, these errors may result in, among other things, execution and allocation failures and failures to properly gather, organize and analyze amounts
of data from third parties and other external sources. More specifically, as it is not possible or practicable for a manager to factor all relevant, available data into quantitative model forecasts and/or trading decisions, managers (and/or
affiliated licensors of such data) will use their discretion to determine what data to gather with respect to an investment strategy and what subset of that data the models will take into account to produce forecasts that may have an impact on
ultimate trading decisions, all of which may have a negative effect on the Fund.
Errors are often extremely difficult to detect and
some may go undetected for long periods of time and some may never be detected. The adverse impact caused by these errors can compound over time. A manager (and/or the licensor of the models or technology) may detect certain errors that it chooses,
in its sole discretion, not to address or fix. By necessity, models make simplifying assumptions that limit their efficacy. Models that appear to explain prior market data can fail to predict future market events. Moreover, an increasing number of
market participants may rely on models that are similar to those used by a manager (or an affiliate of a manager), which may result in a substantial number of market participants taking the same action with respect to an investment. Should one or
more of these other market participants begin to divest themselves of one or more portfolio investments, the Fund could suffer losses. Additionally, shareholders should be aware that there is no guarantee that a manager that uses quantitative
techniques will use any specific data or type of data in generating forecasts or making trading decisions on behalf of the Fund, nor is there any guarantee that the data actually utilized in generating forecasts or making trading decisions on behalf
of the Fund will be (i) the most accurate data available or (ii) free from errors.
Money Market Fund Investment Risk. An investment in a money market fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by any bank, the FDIC or any other government agency. Although certain types of money market funds seek to preserve the value
of investments at $1.00 per share, it is not guaranteed and it is possible for the Fund to lose money by investing in these and other types of money market funds. In addition to the fees and expenses that the Fund directly bears, the Fund indirectly
bears the fees and expenses of any money market funds in which it invests, including affiliated money market funds. To the extent these fees and expenses, along with the fees and expenses of any other funds in which the Fund may invest, are expected
to equal or exceed 0.01% of the Fund’s average daily net assets, they will be reflected in the Annual Fund Operating Expenses set forth in the table under “Fees and Expenses of the Fund.” By investing in a money market fund, the
Fund will be exposed to the investment risks of the money market fund in direct proportion to such investment. The money market fund may not achieve its investment objective, and the Fund, through its investment in the money market fund, may not
achieve its investment objective. To the extent the Fund invests in instruments such as derivatives, the Fund may hold investments, which may be significant, in money market fund shares to cover its obligations resulting from its investments in
derivatives. Money market funds and the securities they invest in are subject to comprehensive regulations. The enactment of new legislation or regulations, as well as changes in interpretation and enforcement of current laws, may affect the manner
of operation, performance and/or yield of money market funds. In the event that a money market fund’s portfolio liquidity declines below a
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certain level, the money market fund’s board may impose a
liquidity fee on redemptions of up to 2% or suspend redemptions for a period of time (i.e., impose a redemption gate). These measures may result in an investment loss or prohibit the Fund from redeeming shares when the Investment Manager would
otherwise redeem shares.
Mortgage- and Other
Asset-Backed Securities Risk. The value of any mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities held by the Fund may be affected by, among other things, changes or perceived changes in: interest rates; factors
concerning the interests in and structure of the issuer or the originator of the mortgages or other assets; the creditworthiness of the entities that provide any supporting letters of credit, surety bonds or other credit enhancements; or the
market's assessment of the quality of underlying assets. Mortgage-backed securities represent interests in, or are backed by, pools of mortgages from which payments of interest and principal (net of fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of the
securities) are distributed to the holders of the mortgage-backed securities. Other types of asset-backed securities typically represent interests in, or are backed by, pools of receivables such as credit, automobile, student and home equity loans.
Mortgage- and other asset-backed securities can have a fixed or an adjustable rate. Mortgage- and other asset-backed securities are subject to prepayment risk, which is the possibility that the underlying mortgage or other asset may be refinanced or
prepaid prior to maturity during periods of declining or low interest rates, causing the Fund to have to reinvest the money received in securities that have lower yields. In addition, the impact of prepayments on the value of mortgage- and other
asset-backed securities may be difficult to predict and may result in greater volatility. Rising or high interest rates tend to extend the duration of mortgage- and other asset-backed securities, making them more volatile and more sensitive to
changes in interest rates. Payment of principal and interest on some mortgage-backed securities (but not the market value of the securities themselves) may be guaranteed (i) by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government (in the case of
securities guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association) or (ii) by its agencies, authorities, enterprises or instrumentalities (in the case of securities guaranteed by the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA) or the Federal
Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC)), which are not insured or guaranteed by the U.S. Government (although FNMA and FHLMC may be able to access capital from the U.S. Treasury to meet their obligations under such securities). Mortgage-backed
securities issued by non-governmental issuers (such as commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers) may be supported by various credit enhancements, such
as pool insurance, guarantees issued by governmental entities, letters of credit from a bank or senior/subordinated structures, and may entail greater risk than obligations guaranteed by the U.S. Government, whether or not such obligations are
guaranteed by the private issuer.
Multi-Strategy Risk.
The multi-strategy approach employed by the Fund involves special risks, which include the risk that investment decisions, at the Fund or the underlying fund level, may conflict with each other; for example, at any particular time, one manager may
be purchasing shares of an issuer whose shares are being sold by another manager. Consequently, the Fund could indirectly incur transaction costs without accomplishing any net investment result. Also, managers may use proprietary or licensed
investment strategies that are based on considerations and factors that are not fully disclosed to the Fund or other investors.
Moreover, consistent with the Fund’s
investment objectives, these proprietary or licensed investment strategies, which may include quantitative mathematical models or systems, may be changed or refined over time. A manager (or the licensor of the strategies used by the manager) may
make certain changes to the strategies the manager has previously used, may not use such strategies at all (or the manager’s license may be revoked), or may use additional strategies, where such changes or discretionary decisions, and the
reasons for such changes or decisions, are also not disclosed to the Fund or other investors. These strategies may involve risks under some market conditions that are not anticipated by the Investment Manager or the Fund.
Municipal Securities Risk. Municipal securities are debt obligations generally issued to obtain funds for various public purposes, including general financing for state and local governments, or financing for a specific project or public
facility, and include obligations of the governments of the U.S. territories, commonwealths and possessions such as Guam, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands to the extent such obligations are exempt from state and federal income taxes.
Municipal securities can be significantly affected by political and legislative changes at the state or federal level. Municipal securities may be fully or partially backed by the taxing authority of the local government, by the credit of a private
issuer, by the current or anticipated revenues from a specific project or specific assets or by domestic or foreign entities providing credit support, such as letters of credit, guarantees or insurance, and are generally classified into general
obligation bonds and special revenue obligations. General obligation bonds are backed by an issuer's taxing authority and may be vulnerable to limits on a government's power or ability to raise revenue or increase taxes. They may also depend for
payment on legislative appropriation and/or funding or other support from other governmental bodies. Revenue obligations are payable from revenues generated by a particular project or other revenue source, and are typically subject to greater risk
of default than general obligation bonds because investors can look only to the revenue generated by the project or other revenue source backing the project, rather than to the general taxing authority of the state or local government issuer of the
obligations. Because many municipal securities are issued to finance projects in sectors such as education, health care, transportation and utilities, conditions in those sectors can affect the overall municipal market. The amount of publicly
available information for municipal issuers is generally less than for corporate issuers.
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Certain of the municipalities or territories in
which the Fund may invest have recently experienced significant financial difficulties. A credit rating downgrade relating to default by, or insolvency or bankruptcy of, one or several municipal security issuers of a state, territory, commonwealth
or possession in which the Fund invests could affect the market values and marketability of many or all municipal obligations of such state, territory, commonwealth or possession. The value of the Fund’s shares will be negatively impacted to
the extent it invests in such securities. The Fund’s annual and semiannual reports show the Fund’s investment exposures at a point in time. The risk of investing in the Fund is directly correlated to the Fund’s investment
exposures.
Opportunistic Investing Risk. Undervalued securities involve the risk that they may never reach their expected full market value, either because the market fails to recognize the security's intrinsic worth or the expected value was misgauged.
Undervalued securities also may decline in price even though the Investment Manager believes they are already undervalued. Turnaround companies may never improve their fundamentals, may take much longer than expected to improve, or may improve much
less than expected. Development stage companies could fail to develop and deplete their assets, resulting in large percentage losses.
Preferred Stock
Risk. Preferred stock is a type of stock that generally pays dividends at a specified rate and that has preference over common stock in the payment of dividends and the liquidation of assets. Preferred stock does
not ordinarily carry voting rights. The price of a preferred stock is generally determined by earnings, type of products or services, projected growth rates, experience of management, liquidity, and general market conditions of the markets on which
the stock trades. The most significant risks associated with investments in preferred stock include issuer risk, market risk and interest rate risk (i.e., the risk of losses attributable to changes in interest rates).
Prepayment and Extension Risk. Prepayment and extension risk is the risk that a loan, bond or other security or investment might, in the case of prepayment risk, be called or otherwise converted, prepaid or redeemed before maturity and, in the case
of extension risk, the investment might not be called as expected. In the case of prepayment risk, if the investment is converted, prepaid or redeemed before maturity, the portfolio managers may not be able to invest the proceeds in other
investments providing as high a level of income, resulting in a reduced yield to the Fund. In the case of mortgage- or other asset-backed securities, as interest rates decrease or spreads narrow, the likelihood of prepayment increases. Conversely,
extension risk is the risk that an unexpected rise in interest rates will extend the life of a mortgage- or asset-backed security beyond the prepayment time. If the Fund's investments are locked in at a lower interest rate for a longer period of
time, the portfolio managers may be unable to capitalize on securities with higher interest rates or wider spreads.
Quantitative Model Risk. The Fund may use quantitative methods to select investments. Securities or other investments selected using quantitative methods may perform differently from the market as a whole or from their expected performance for
many reasons, including factors used in building the quantitative analytical framework, the weights placed on each factor, and changing sources of market returns, among others. Any errors or imperfections in the Fund portfolio manager’s
quantitative analyses or models, or in the data on which they are based, could adversely affect the portfolio manager’s effective use of such analyses or models, which in turn could adversely affect the Fund’s performance. It is not
possible or practicable for a manager to factor all relevant, available data into quantitative model forecasts and/or trading decisions. Quantitative managers will use their discretion to determine what data to gather with respect to an investment
strategy and what data the models will take into account to produce forecasts that may have an impact on ultimate trading decisions. Shareholders should be aware that there is no guarantee that a quantitative manager will use any specific data or
type of data in making trading decisions on behalf of the Fund, nor is there any guarantee that the data actually utilized in generating forecasts or making trading decisions on behalf of the Fund will be the most accurate data available or free
from errors. There can be no assurance that these methodologies will enable the Fund to achieve its objective.
Real Estate-Related Investment Risk. Investments in real estate investment trusts (REITs) and in securities of other companies (wherever organized) principally engaged in the real estate industry subject the Fund to, among other things, risks similar to
those of direct investments in real estate and the real estate industry in general. These include risks related to general and local economic conditions, possible lack of availability of financing and changes in interest rates or property values.
REITs are entities that either own properties or make construction or mortgage loans, and also may include operating or finance companies. The value of interests in a REIT may be affected by, among other factors, changes in the value of the
underlying properties owned by the REIT, changes in the prospect for earnings and/or cash flow growth of the REIT itself, defaults by borrowers or tenants, market saturation, decreases in market rates for rents, and other economic, political, or
regulatory matters affecting the real estate industry, including REITs. REITs and similar non-U.S. entities depend upon specialized management skills, may have limited financial resources, may have less trading volume in their securities, and may be
subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than the overall securities markets. REITs are also subject to the risk of failing to qualify for favorable tax treatment under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. Some REITs (especially
mortgage REITs) are affected by risks similar to those associated with investments in debt securities including changes in interest rates and the quality of credit extended.
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Redemption Risk. The
Fund may need to sell portfolio securities to meet redemption requests. The Fund could experience a loss when selling portfolio securities to meet redemption requests if there is (i) significant redemption activity by shareholders, including, for
example, when a single investor or few large investors make a significant redemption of Fund shares, (ii) a disruption in the normal operation of the markets in which the Fund buys and sells portfolio securities or (iii) the inability of the Fund to
sell portfolio securities because such securities are illiquid. In such events, the Fund could be forced to sell portfolio securities at unfavorable prices in an effort to generate sufficient cash to pay redeeming shareholders. The Fund may suspend
redemptions or the payment of redemption proceeds when permitted by applicable regulations.
Regulatory Risk — Alternative Investments. Legal, tax, and regulatory developments may adversely affect the Fund and its investments. The regulatory environment for the Fund and certain of its investments is evolving, and changes in the regulation of investment
funds, their managers, and their trading activities and capital markets, or a regulator’s disagreement with the Fund’s or others’ interpretation of the application of certain regulations, may adversely affect the ability of the
Fund to pursue its investment strategy, its ability to obtain leverage and financing, and the value of investments held by the Fund. There has been an increase in governmental, as well as self-regulatory, scrutiny of the investment industry in
general and the alternative investment industry in particular. It is impossible to predict what, if any, changes in regulations may occur, but any regulation that restricts the ability of the Fund or any underlying funds or other investments to
trade in securities or other instruments or the ability of the Fund or underlying funds to employ, or brokers and other counterparties to extend, credit in their trading (as well as other regulatory changes that result) could have a material adverse
impact on the Fund’s performance.
Shareholders should understand that the Fund’s
business is dynamic and is expected to change over time. Therefore, the Fund and its underlying investments may be subject to new or additional regulatory constraints in the future. Such regulations may have a significant impact on shareholders or
the operations of the Fund, including, without limitation, restricting the types of investments the Fund may make, preventing the Fund from exercising its voting rights with regard to certain financial instruments, requiring the Fund to disclose the
identity of its investors or otherwise. To the extent the Fund or its underlying investments are subject to such regulation, such regulations may have a detrimental effect on one or more shareholders. Prospective investors are encouraged to consult
their own advisors regarding an investment in the Fund.
Reinvestment Risk.
Reinvestment risk is the risk that the Fund will not be able to reinvest income or principal at the same return it is currently earning.
Repurchase Agreements Risk. Repurchase agreements are agreements in which the seller of a security to the Fund agrees to repurchase that security from the Fund at a mutually agreed upon price and time. Repurchase agreements carry the risk that the
counterparty may not fulfill its obligations under the agreement. This could cause the Fund's income and the value of your investment in the Fund to decline.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements Risk. Reverse repurchase agreements are agreements in which a Fund sells a security to a counterparty, such as a bank or broker-dealer, in return for cash and agrees to repurchase that security at a mutually agreed upon price
and time. Reverse repurchase agreements carry the risk that the market value of the security sold by the Fund may decline below the price at which the Fund must repurchase the security. Reverse repurchase agreements also may be viewed as a form of
borrowing, and borrowed assets used for investment creates leverage risk. Leverage can create an interest expense that may lower the Fund's overall returns. Leverage presents the opportunity for increased net income and capital gains, but may also
exaggerate the Fund’s volatility and risk of loss. There can be no guarantee that this strategy will be successful.
Rule 144A and Other Exempted Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in privately placed and other securities or instruments exempt from SEC registration (collectively “private placements”), subject to liquidity and other regulatory restrictions. In the
U.S. market, private placements are typically sold only to qualified institutional buyers, or qualified purchasers, as applicable. An insufficient number of buyers interested in purchasing private placements at a particular time could affect
adversely the marketability of such investments and the Fund might be unable to dispose of them promptly or at reasonable prices, subjecting the Fund to liquidity risk. The Fund may invest in private placements determined to be liquid as well as
those determined to be illiquid. Even if determined to be liquid, the Fund’s holdings of private placements may increase the level of Fund illiquidity if eligible buyers are unable or unwilling to purchase them at a particular time. The Fund
may also have to bear the expense of registering the securities for resale and the risk of substantial delays in effecting the registration. Additionally, the purchase price and subsequent valuation of private placements typically reflect a
discount, which may be significant, from the market price of comparable securities for which a more liquid market exists. Issuers of Rule 144A eligible securities are required to furnish information to potential investors upon request. However, the
required disclosure is much less extensive than that required of public companies and is not publicly available since the offering is not filed with the SEC. Further, issuers of Rule 144A eligible securities can require recipients of the information
(such as the Fund) to agree contractually to keep the information confidential, which could also adversely affect the Fund’s ability to dispose of the security.
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Sector Risk. At
times, the Fund may have a significant portion of its assets invested in securities of companies conducting business in a related group of industries within an economic sector. Companies in the same economic sector may be similarly affected by
economic, regulatory, political or market events or conditions, which may make the Fund more vulnerable to unfavorable developments in that economic sector than funds that invest more broadly. Generally, the more broadly the Fund invests, the more
it spreads risk and potentially reduces the risks of loss and volatility.
Sector Risk — Consumer Discretionary Sector
Investments. To the extent a Fund concentrates its investments in companies in the consumer discretionary sector, it may be more susceptible to the particular risks that may affect companies in that sector than if
it were invested in a wider variety of companies in unrelated sectors. Companies in the consumer discretionary sector are subject to certain risks, including fluctuations in the performance of the overall domestic and international economy, interest
rate changes, increased competition and consumer confidence. Performance of such companies may be affected by factors including reduced disposable household income, reduced consumer spending, changing demographics and consumer tastes.
Sector Risk — Energy Sector Investments. To the extent a Fund concentrates its investments in companies in the energy sector, it may be more susceptible to the particular risks that may affect companies in that sector than if it were invested in a wider
variety of companies in unrelated sectors. Companies in the energy sector are subject to certain risks, including legislative or regulatory changes, adverse market conditions and increased competition. Performance of such companies may be affected
by factors including, among others, fluctuations in energy prices and supply and demand of energy fuels, energy conservation, the success of exploration projects, local and international politics, and events occurring in nature. For instance,
natural events (such as earthquakes, hurricanes or fires in prime natural resources areas) and political events (such as government instability or military confrontations) can affect the value of companies involved in business activities in the
energy sector. Other risks may include liabilities for environmental damage and general civil liabilities, depletion of resources, and mandated expenditures for safety and pollution control. The energy sector may also be affected by economic cycles,
rising interest rates, high inflation, technical progress, labor relations, legislative or regulatory changes, local and international politics, and adverse market conditions.
Sector Risk — Financial Services Sector
Investments. To the extent a Fund concentrates its investments in companies in the financial services sector, it may be more susceptible to the particular risks that may affect companies in that sector than if it
were invested in a wider variety of companies in unrelated sectors. Companies in the financial services sector are subject to certain risks, including the risk of regulatory change, decreased liquidity in credit markets and unstable interest rates.
Such companies may have concentrated portfolios, such as a high level of loans to real estate developers, which makes them vulnerable to economic conditions that affect that industry. Performance of such companies may be affected by competitive
pressures and exposure to investments or agreements that, under certain circumstances, may lead to losses (e.g., subprime loans). Companies in the
financial services sector are subject to extensive governmental regulation that may limit the amount and types of loans and other financial commitments they can make, and interest rates and fees that they may charge. In addition, profitability of
such companies is largely dependent upon the availability and the cost of capital.
Sector Risk — Health Care Sector Investments. To the extent a Fund concentrates its investments in companies in the health care sector, it may be more susceptible to the particular risks that may affect companies in that sector than if it were invested in a wider
variety of companies in unrelated sectors. Companies in the health care sector are subject to certain risks, including restrictions on government reimbursement for medical expenses, government approval of medical products and services, competitive
pricing pressures, and the rising cost of medical products and services (especially for companies dependent upon a relatively limited number of products or services). Performance of such companies may be affected by factors including, government
regulation, obtaining and protecting patents (or the failure to do so), product liability and other similar litigation as well as product obsolescence.
Sector Risk — Industrials Sector Investments. To the extent a Fund concentrates its investments in companies in the industrials sector, it may be more susceptible to the particular risks that may affect companies in that sector than if it were invested in a wider
variety of companies in unrelated sectors. Companies in the industrials sector are subject to certain risks, including changes in supply and demand for their specific product or service and for industrial sector products in general, including
decline in demand for such products due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction. Performance of such companies may be affected by factors including government regulation, world events and economic conditions and
risks for environmental damage and product liability claims.
Sector Risk — Materials Investments. To the extent a Fund concentrates its investments in companies in the materials sector, it may be more susceptible to the particular risks that may affect companies in the materials sector than if it were invested in a
wider variety of companies in unrelated sectors. Companies in the materials sector are subject to certain risks, including that many materials companies are significantly affected by the level and volatility of commodity prices, exchange rates,
import controls, increased competition, environmental policies, consumer demand, and events occurring in nature. For instance, natural events (such as earthquakes, hurricanes or fires in prime natural resource areas) and political events (such as
government instability or military confrontations) can affect the value of companies involved in business activities in the materials sector.
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Performance of such companies may be affected by factors including,
among others, that at times worldwide production of industrial materials has exceeded demand as a result of over-building or economic downturns, leading to poor investment returns or losses. Other risks may include liabilities for environmental
damage and general civil liabilities, depletion of resources, and mandated expenditures for safety and pollution control. The materials sector may also be affected by economic cycles, rising interest rates, high inflation, technical progress, labor
relations, legislative or regulatory changes, local and international politics, and adverse market conditions. In addition, prices of, and thus the Fund’s investments in, precious metals are considered speculative and are affected by a variety
of worldwide and economic, financial and political factors. Prices of precious metals may fluctuate sharply.
Sector Risk — Technology and Technology-Related
Sector Investment Risk. To the extent a Fund concentrates its investments in companies in technology and technology related sectors, it may be more susceptible to the particular risks that may affect companies in
those sectors, as well as other technology-related sectors (collectively, the technology sectors) than if it were invested in a wider variety of companies in unrelated sectors. Companies in the technology sectors are subject to certain risks,
including the risk that new services, equipment or technologies will not be accepted by consumers and businesses or will become rapidly obsolete. Performance of such companies may be affected by factors including obtaining and protecting patents (or
the failure to do so) and significant competitive pressures, including aggressive pricing of their products or services, new market entrants, competition for market share and short product cycles due to an accelerated rate of technological
developments. Such competitive pressures may lead to limited earnings and/or falling profit margins. As a result, the value of their securities may fall or fail to rise. In addition, many technology sector companies have limited operating histories
and prices of these companies’ securities historically have been more volatile than other securities, especially over the short term.
Short Positions
Risk. A Fund that establishes short positions introduces more risk to the Fund than a fund that only takes long positions (where the Fund owns the instrument or other asset) because the maximum sustainable loss on
an instrument or other asset purchased (held long) is limited to the amount paid for the instrument or other asset plus the transaction costs, whereas there is no maximum price of the shorted instrument or other asset when purchased in the open
market. Therefore, in theory, short positions have unlimited risk. The Fund’s use of short positions in effect “leverages” the Fund. Leverage potentially exposes the Fund to greater risks of loss due to unanticipated market
movements, which may magnify losses and increase the volatility of returns. To the extent the Fund takes a short position in a derivative instrument or other asset, this involves the risk of a potentially unlimited increase in the value of the
underlying instrument or other asset.
Small- and Mid-Cap Company Securities Risk. Securities of small- and mid-capitalization companies (small- and mid-cap companies) can, in certain circumstances, have a higher potential for gains than securities of larger, more established companies (larger
companies) but may also have more risk. For example, small- and mid-cap companies may be more vulnerable to market downturns and adverse business or economic events than larger companies because they may have more limited financial resources and
business operations. Small- and mid-cap companies are also more likely than larger companies to have more limited product lines and operating histories and to depend on smaller management teams. Securities of small- and mid-cap companies may trade
less frequently and in smaller volumes and may be less liquid and fluctuate more sharply in value than securities of larger companies. When the Fund takes significant positions in small- and mid-cap companies with limited trading volumes, the
liquidation of those positions, particularly in a distressed market, could be prolonged and result in losses to the Fund. In addition, some small- and mid-cap companies may not be widely followed by the investment community, which can lower the
demand for their stocks.
Sovereign Debt
Risk. A sovereign debtor’s willingness or ability to repay principal and pay interest in a timely manner may be affected by a variety of factors, including its cash flow situation, the extent of its reserves,
the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt service burden to the economy as a whole, the sovereign debtor’s policy toward international lenders, and the political constraints to
which a sovereign debtor may be subject.
With respect to sovereign debt of emerging market
issuers, investors should be aware that certain emerging market countries are among the largest debtors to commercial banks and foreign governments. At times, certain emerging market countries have declared moratoria on the payment of principal and
interest on external debt. Certain emerging market countries have experienced difficulty in servicing their sovereign debt on a timely basis and that has led to defaults and the restructuring of certain indebtedness to the detriment of debtholders.
Sovereign debt risk is increased for emerging market issuers.
Special Situations Risk. Securities of companies that are involved in an initial public offering or a major corporate event, such as a business consolidation or restructuring, may be exposed to heightened risk because of the high degree of
uncertainty that can be associated with such events. Securities issued in initial public offerings often are issued by companies that are in the early stages of development, have a history of little or no revenues and may operate at a loss following
the offering. It is possible that there will be no active trading market for the securities after the offering, and that the market price of the securities may be subject to significant and unpredictable fluctuations. Initial public offerings are
subject to many of the same risks as investing in companies with smaller market capitalizations. To the extent the Fund determines to invest in initial public offerings, it may not be able to invest to the extent desired, because, for example, only
a small portion (if any) of the securities being offered in an
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initial public offering are available to the Fund. The investment
performance of the Fund during periods when it is unable to invest significantly or at all in initial public offerings may be lower than during periods when the Fund is able to do so. Securities purchased in initial public offerings which are sold
within 12 months after purchase may result in increased short-term capital gains, which will be taxable to the Fund’s shareholders as ordinary income. Certain “special situation” investments are investments in securities or other
instruments that are determined to be illiquid or lacking a readily ascertainable fair value. Certain special situation investments prevent ownership interests therein from being withdrawn until the special situation investment, or a portion
thereof, is realized or deemed realized, which may negatively impact Fund performance. Investing in special situations may have a magnified effect on the performance of funds with small amounts of assets.
Stripped Securities Risk. Stripped securities are the separate income or principal components of debt securities. These securities are particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates, and therefore subject to greater fluctuations in price
than typical interest bearing debt securities. For example, stripped mortgage-backed securities have greater interest rate risk than mortgage-backed securities with like maturities, and stripped treasury securities have greater interest rate risk
than traditional government securities with identical credit ratings.
U.S. Government Obligations Risk. While U.S. Treasury obligations are backed by the “full faith and credit” of the U.S. Government, such securities are nonetheless subject to credit risk (i.e., the risk that the U.S. Government may be, or may be perceived to be, unable or unwilling to honor its financial obligations, such as making payments).
Securities issued or guaranteed by federal agencies or authorities and U.S. Government-sponsored instrumentalities or enterprises may or may not be backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. For example, securities issued by the
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, the Federal National Mortgage Association and the Federal Home Loan Banks are neither insured nor guaranteed by the U.S. Government. These securities may be supported by the ability to borrow from the U.S.
Treasury or only by the credit of the issuing agency, authority, instrumentality or enterprise and, as a result, are subject to greater credit risk than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury.
Valuation Risk. The
sales price the Fund (or an underlying fund or other investment vehicle) could receive for any particular investment may differ from the Fund’s (or an underlying fund’s or other investment vehicle’s) valuation of the investment,
particularly for securities that trade in thin or volatile markets or that are valued using a fair value methodology that produces an estimate of the fair value of the security/instrument, which may prove to be inaccurate. Investors who purchase or
redeem Fund shares on days when the Fund is holding securities or other instruments (or holding shares of underlying funds or other investment vehicles that have fair-valued securities or other instruments in their portfolios) may receive fewer or
more shares or lower or higher redemption proceeds than they would have received if the Fund (or underlying fund or other investment vehicle) had not fair-valued the security or instrument or had used a different valuation methodology. The value of
foreign securities, certain fixed-income securities and currencies, as applicable, may be materially affected by events after the close of the market on which they are valued, but before the Fund determines its net asset value.
Warrants and Rights Risk. Warrants are securities giving the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy the stock of an issuer at a given price (generally higher than the value of the stock at the time of issuance) during a specified
period or perpetually. Warrants may be acquired separately or in connection with the acquisition of securities. Warrants do not carry with them the right to dividends or voting rights and they do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuer.
Warrants are subject to the risks associated with the security underlying the warrant, including market risk. Warrants may expire unexercised and subject the Fund to liquidity risk (the risk that it may not be possible for the Fund to liquidate the
instrument at an advantageous time or price), which may result in Fund losses. Rights are available to existing shareholders of an issuer to enable them to maintain proportionate ownership in the issuer by being able to buy newly issued shares
before the issuer offers them to the public. Rights allow shareholders to buy the shares below the current market price. Rights are typically short-term instruments that are valued separately and trade in the secondary market during a subscription
(or offering) period. Holders can exercise the rights and purchase the stock, sell the rights or let them expire. Their value, and their risk of investment loss, is a function of that of the underlying security.
Zero-Coupon Bonds Risk. Zero-coupon bonds are bonds that do not pay interest in cash on a current basis, but instead accrue interest over the life of the bond. As a result, these securities are issued at a discount and their values may
fluctuate more than the values of similar securities that pay interest periodically. Although these securities pay no interest to holders prior to maturity, interest accrued on these securities is reported as income to the Fund and affects the
amounts distributed to its shareholders, which may cause the Fund to sell investments to obtain cash to make income distributions to shareholders, including at times when it may not be advantageous to do so.
Lending
of Portfolio Securities
To generate
additional income, the Fund may lend up to 33%, or such lower percentage specified by the Fund or Investment Manager, of the value of its total assets (including securities out on loan) to broker-dealers, banks or other institutional borrowers of
securities subject to any applicable requirements of a national securities exchange or of a governmental regulatory body. JP
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Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. serves as lending agent (the Lending Agent)
to the Fund pursuant to a securities lending agreement (the Securities Lending Agreement) approved by the Board. Under the Securities Lending Agreement, the Lending Agent loans Fund securities to approved borrowers pursuant to borrower agreements in
exchange for collateral at least equal in value to the loaned securities, marked to market daily. Collateral may consist of cash, securities issued by the U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities (collectively, “U.S. Government
securities”) or such other collateral as may be approved by the Board. For loans secured by cash, the Fund retains the interest earned on cash collateral, but the Fund is required to pay the borrower a rebate for the use of the cash
collateral. For loans secured by U.S. Government securities, the borrower pays a borrower fee to the Lending Agent on behalf of the Fund.
If the market value of the loaned securities goes
up, the Fund will require additional collateral from the borrower. If the market value of the loaned securities goes down, the borrower may request that some collateral be returned. During the existence of the loan, the Fund will receive from the
borrower amounts equivalent to any dividends, interest or other distributions on the loaned securities, as well as interest on such amounts.
Loans are subject to termination by the Fund or a
borrower at any time. The Fund may choose to terminate a loan in order to vote in a proxy solicitation, if the Fund has knowledge of a material event to be voted on that would affect the Fund’s investment in the loaned security.
Securities lending involves counterparty risk,
including the risk that a borrower may not provide sufficient or any collateral when required or may not return the loaned securities, timely or at all. Counterparty risk also includes a potential loss of rights in the collateral if the borrower or
the Lending Agent defaults or fails financially. This risk is increased if the Fund’s loans are concentrated with a single borrower or limited number of borrowers. There are no limits on the number of borrowers the Fund may use and the Fund
may lend securities to only one or a small group of borrowers. Funds participating in securities lending also bear the risk of loss in connection with investments of cash collateral received from the borrowers. Cash collateral is invested in
accordance with investment guidelines contained in the Securities Lending Agreement and approved by the Board. To the extent that the value or return of a Fund’s investments of the cash collateral declines below the amount owed to a borrower,
the Fund may incur losses that exceed the amount it earned on lending the security. The Lending Agent will indemnify the fund from losses resulting from a borrower’s failure to return a loaned security when due, but such indemnification does
not extend to losses associated with declines in the value of cash collateral investments. The Investment Manager is not responsible for any loss incurred by the Fund in connection with the securities lending program.
The Fund currently does not participate in the
securities lending program, but the Board may determine to renew participation in the future.
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INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AND OTHER SERVICES
The Investment Manager
Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC,
located at 225 Franklin Street, Boston, MA 02110, is the investment manager of the Fund as well as for other funds in the Columbia Fund Family. The Investment Manager is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ameriprise Financial, which is located at 1099
Ameriprise Financial Center, Minneapolis, MN 55474. Ameriprise Financial is a holding company, which primarily conducts business through its subsidiaries to provide financial planning, products and services that are designed to be utilized as
solutions for clients’ cash and liquidity, asset accumulation, income, protection and estate and wealth transfer needs.
The Investment Manager and its investment advisory
affiliates (Participating Affiliates) around the world may coordinate in providing services to their clients. Such coordination may include functional leadership of the business (the “Global” business). From time to time the Investment
Manager (or any affiliated investment subadviser to the Fund, as the case may be) may engage its Participating Affiliates to provide a variety of services such as investment research, investment monitoring, trading,
and discretionary investment management (including portfolio management) to certain accounts managed by the Investment Manager, including the Fund. These Participating Affiliates will provide services to the Investment Manager (or any
affiliated investment subadviser to the Fund as the case may be) either pursuant to subadvisory agreements, personnel-sharing agreements or similar inter-company arrangements and the Fund will pay no additional fees and expenses as a result of any
such arrangements. These Participating Affiliates, like the Investment Manager, are direct or indirect subsidiaries of Ameriprise Financial and are registered with the appropriate respective regulators in their home jurisdictions and, where
required, the SEC and the CFTC in the United States.
Pursuant to some of these arrangements, certain
employees of these Participating Affiliates may serve as “associated persons” of the Investment Manager and, in this capacity, subject to the oversight and supervision of the Investment Manager and consistent with the investment
objectives, policies and limitations set forth in the Fund's prospectus and this SAI may provide such services to the Fund on behalf of the Investment Manager.
Services Provided
The Fund has entered into a Management Agreement with the
Investment Manager, effective May 1, 2016. Under the Management Agreement, the Investment Manager has contracted to furnish the Fund with investment research and advice and all of the services necessary for, or appropriate to, the business and
effective operation of the Fund that are not (a) provided by employees or other agents engaged by the Fund or (b) required to be provided by any person pursuant to any other agreement or arrangement with the Fund. Under the Management Agreement, any
liability of the Investment Manager to the Fund and/or its stockholders is limited to situations involving the Investment Manager’s own willful misfeasance, bad faith, negligence in the performance of its duties or reckless disregard of its
obligations and duties.
The Management
Agreement may be terminated at any time on 60 days’ written notice by the Investment Manager or by the Board or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. The Management Agreement will automatically terminate
upon any assignment thereof, will continue in effect for two years from its initial effective date and thereafter will continue from year to year only so long as such continuance is approved at least annually (i) by the Board or by a vote of a
majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund and (ii) by vote of a majority of the Directors who are not interested persons (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) of the Investment Manager or the Fund, cast in person at a meeting
called for the purpose of voting on such approval.
The Investment Manager pays all compensation of the
Directors and officers of the Fund who are employees of the Investment Manager or its affiliates. Except to the extent expressly assumed by the Investment Manager and except to the extent required by law to be paid or reimbursed by the Investment
Manager, the Investment Manager does not have a duty to pay any Fund operating expenses incurred in the organization and operation of a Fund, including, but not limited to, auditing, legal, custodial, investor servicing and shareholder reporting
expenses. The Fund pays the cost of printing and mailing Fund prospectuses to stockholders.
The Investment Manager, at its own expense, provides
office space, facilities and supplies, equipment and personnel for the performance of its functions under the Fund’s Management Agreement.
Management Agreement Fee Rate
The Fund pays the Investment Manager an annual fee
for its management services, as set forth in the Management Agreement and the table below, as of May 1, 2016. The fee is calculated as a percentage of the average daily net assets of each Fund and is paid monthly.
Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
67
|
Management Agreement Fee Schedule
|
Asset
Levels (in Millions) |
Applicable
Fee Rate |
Tri-Continental
Corporation |
$0-$500
|
0.415%
|
>$500-$1,000
|
0.410%
|
>$1,000-$3,000
|
0.405%
|
>$3,000-$12,000
|
0.395%
|
>$12,000
|
0.385%
|
Under the Management
Agreement, the Fund also pays taxes, brokerage commissions and nonadvisory expenses, which include custodian fees and charges; fidelity bond premiums; certain legal fees; registration fees for shares; consultants’ fees; compensation of Board
members, officers and employees not employed by the Investment Manager or its affiliates; corporate filing fees; organizational expenses; expenses incurred in connection with lending securities; interest and fee expense related to a Fund’s
participation in inverse floater structures; and expenses properly payable by a Fund, approved by the Board.
Investment Management Service Agreement and Investment
Advisory Services Fees Paid
Prior to May 1,
2016, the Fund was party to the Investment Management Services Agreement and the Administrative Services Agreement with the Investment Manager for its investment advisory and administrative services, respectively, and paid the Investment Manager a
separate annual fee for its investment advisory and administrative services as set forth in each respective agreement. See Investment Management and Other Services – The Administrator
for more information with respect to the Administrative Services Agreement. As of May 1, 2016, these services have been combined under the Management Agreement as described above. The table below shows the total investment advisory services
fees paid by the Fund for the last three fiscal periods.
|
Investment
Advisory Services Fees |
|
2015
|
2014
|
2013
|
For
Funds with fiscal period ending December 31 |
Tri-Continental
Corporation |
$5,392,930
|
$5,368,533
|
$4,812,713
|
Portfolio Managers. The following table provides information about the portfolio managers of the Fund as of December 31, 2015, unless otherwise noted. For the purposes of the table below, each series or portfolio of a
registered investment company is treated as a separate registered investment company.
|
|
Other
Accounts Managed (excluding the Fund) |
|
Fund
|
Portfolio
Manager |
Number
and type of account* |
Approximate
Total Net Assets (excluding the fund) |
Performance
Based Accounts** |
Ownership
of Fund Shares |
Tri-Continental
Corporation |
Brian
Condon |
21
RICs 2 PIVs 22 other accounts |
$11.53
billion $134.13 million $5.00 billion |
None
|
$100,001-$500,000
|
David
L. King |
4
RICs 6 other accounts |
$1.56
billion $19.87 million |
None
|
Over
$1,000,000 |
Yan
Jin |
4
RICs 4 other accounts |
$1.56
billion $1.56 million |
None
|
$50,001-$100,000
|
Peter
Albanese |
7
RICs 2 PIVs 17 other accounts |
$10.58
billion $134.13 million $4.87 billion |
None
|
None
|
*
|
RIC refers to a Registered
Investment Company; PIV refers to a Pooled Investment Vehicle. |
**
|
Number and type of accounts
for which the advisory fee paid is based in part or wholly on performance and the aggregate net assets in those accounts. |
Potential Conflicts of Interest
|
Columbia Management: Like other investment professionals with multiple clients, a Fund’s portfolio manager(s) may face certain potential conflicts of interest in connection with managing both the Fund and other accounts at the same
time. The Investment Manager and the Funds have adopted compliance policies and procedures that attempt to address certain of the potential conflicts that portfolio managers face in this regard. Certain of these conflicts of interest are summarized
below. |
Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
68
|
|
The management of
accounts with different advisory fee rates and/or fee structures, including accounts that pay advisory fees based on account performance (performance fee accounts), may raise potential conflicts of interest for a portfolio manager by creating an
incentive to favor higher fee accounts. |
|
Potential
conflicts of interest also may arise when a portfolio manager has personal investments in other accounts that may create an incentive to favor those accounts. As a general matter and subject to the Investment Manager’s Code of Ethics and
certain limited exceptions, the Investment Manager’s investment professionals do not have the opportunity to invest in client accounts, other than the funds. |
|
A portfolio
manager who is responsible for managing multiple funds and/or accounts may devote unequal time and attention to the management of those Funds and/or accounts. The effects of this potential conflict may be more pronounced where Funds and/or accounts
managed by a particular portfolio manager have different investment strategies. |
|
A portfolio
manager may be able to select or influence the selection of the broker/dealers that are used to execute securities transactions for the Funds. A portfolio manager’s decision as to the selection of broker/dealers could produce disproportionate
costs and benefits among the Funds and the other accounts the portfolio manager manages. |
|
A potential
conflict of interest may arise when a portfolio manager buys or sells the same securities for a Fund and other accounts. On occasions when a portfolio manager considers the purchase or sale of a security to be in the best interests of a Fund as well
as other accounts, the Investment Manager’s trading desk may, to the extent consistent with applicable laws and regulations, aggregate the securities to be sold or bought in order to obtain the best execution and lower brokerage commissions,
if any. Aggregation of trades may create the potential for unfairness to a Fund or another account if a portfolio manager favors one account over another in allocating the securities bought or sold. The Investment Manager and its Participating
Affiliates (including Threadneedle) may coordinate their trading operations for certain types of securities and transactions pursuant to personnel-sharing agreements or similar intercompany arrangements. However, typically the Investment Manager
does not coordinate trading activities with a Participating Affiliate with respect to accounts of that Participating Affiliate unless such Participating Affiliate is also providing trading services for accounts managed by the Investment Manager.
Similarly, a Participating Affiliate typically does not coordinate trading activities with the Investment Manager with respect to accounts of the Investment Manager unless the Investment Manager is also providing trading services for accounts
managed by such Participating Affiliate. As a result, it is possible that the Investment Manager and its Participating Affiliates may trade in the same instruments at the same time, in the same or opposite direction or in different sequence, which
could negatively impact the prices paid by the Fund on such instruments. Additionally, in circumstances where trading services are being provided on a coordinated basis for the Investment Manager’s accounts (including the Funds) and the
accounts of one or more Participating Affiliates in accordance with applicable law, it is possible that the allocation opportunities available to the Funds may be decreased, especially for less actively traded securities, or orders may take longer
to execute, which may negatively impact Fund performance. |
|
“Cross
trades,” in which a portfolio manager sells a particular security held by a Fund to another account (potentially saving transaction costs for both accounts), could involve a potential conflict of interest if, for example, a portfolio manager
is permitted to sell a security from one account to another account at a higher price than an independent third party would pay. The Investment Manager and the Funds have adopted compliance procedures that provide that any transactions between a
Fund and another account managed by the Investment Manager are to be made at a current market price, consistent with applicable laws and regulations. |
|
Another potential
conflict of interest may arise based on the different investment objectives and strategies of a Fund and other accounts managed by its portfolio manager(s). Depending on another account’s objectives and other factors, a portfolio manager may
give advice to and make decisions for a Fund that may differ from advice given, or the timing or nature of decisions made, with respect to another account. A portfolio manager’s investment decisions are the product of many factors in addition
to basic suitability for the particular account involved. Thus, a portfolio manager may buy or sell a particular security for certain accounts, and not for a Fund, even though it could have been bought or sold for the Fund at the same time. A
portfolio manager also may buy a particular security for one or more accounts when one or more other accounts are selling the security (including short sales). There may be circumstances when a portfolio manager’s purchases or sales of
portfolio securities for one or more accounts may have an adverse effect on other accounts, including the Funds. |
|
To
the extent a Fund invests in underlying funds, a portfolio manager will be subject to additional potential conflicts of interest. Because of the structure of funds-of-funds, the potential conflicts of interest for the portfolio managers may be
different than the potential conflicts of interest for portfolio managers who manage other Funds. The Investment Manager and its affiliates may receive higher compensation as a result of allocations to underlying funds with higher fees.
|
Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
69
|
|
A Fund’s
portfolio manager(s) also may have other potential conflicts of interest in managing the Fund, and the description above is not a complete description of every conflict that could exist in managing the Fund and other accounts. Many of the potential
conflicts of interest to which the Investment Manager’s portfolio managers are subject are essentially the same or similar to the potential conflicts of interest related to the investment management activities of the Investment Manager and its
affiliates. |
Structure of
Compensation
|
Columbia Management: Portfolio manager direct compensation is typically comprised of a base salary, and an annual incentive award that is paid either in the form of a cash bonus if the size of the award is under a specified threshold, or,
if the size of the award is over a specified threshold, the award is paid in a combination of a cash bonus, an equity incentive award, and deferred compensation. Equity incentive awards are made in the form of Ameriprise Financial restricted stock,
or for more senior employees both Ameriprise Financial restricted stock and stock options. The investment return credited on deferred compensation is based on the performance of specified Columbia Funds, in most cases including the Columbia Funds
the portfolio manager manages. |
|
Base salary is
typically determined based on market data relevant to the employee’s position, as well as other factors including internal equity. Base salaries are reviewed annually, and increases are typically given as promotional increases, internal equity
adjustments, or market adjustments. |
|
Annual incentive
awards are variable and are based on (1) an evaluation of the employee’s investment performance and (2) the results of a peer and/or management review of the employee, which takes into account skills and attributes such as team participation,
investment process, communication, and professionalism. Scorecards are used to measure performance of Columbia Funds and other accounts managed by the employee versus benchmarks and peer groups. Performance versus benchmark and peer group is
generally weighted for the rolling one, three, and five year periods. One year performance is weighted 10%, three year performance is weighted 60%, and five year performance is weighted 30%. Relative asset size is a key determinant for fund
weighting on a scorecard. Typically, weighting would be proportional to actual assets. Consideration may also be given to performance in managing client assets in sectors and industries assigned to the employee as part of his/her investment team
responsibilities, where applicable. For leaders who also have group management responsibilities, another factor in their evaluation is an assessment of the group’s overall investment performance. |
|
Equity incentive
awards are designed to align participants’ interests with those of the shareholders of Ameriprise Financial. Equity incentive awards vest over multiple years, so they help retain employees. |
|
Deferred
compensation awards are designed to align participants’ interests with the investors in the Columbia Funds and other accounts they manage. The value of the deferral account is based on the performance of Columbia Funds. Employees have the
option of selecting from various Columbia Funds for their deferral account, however portfolio managers must allocate a minimum of 25% of their incentive awarded through the deferral program to the Columbia Fund(s) they manage. Deferrals vest over
multiple years, so they help retain employees. |
|
Exceptions to this
general approach to bonuses exist for certain teams and individuals. Funding for the bonus pool is determined by management and depends on, among other factors, the levels of compensation generally in the investment management industry taking into
account investment performance (based on market compensation data) and both Ameriprise Financial and Columbia Management profitability for the year, which is largely determined by assets under management. |
|
For
all employees the benefit programs generally are the same, and are competitive within the financial services industry. Employees participate in a wide variety of plans, including options in Medical, Dental, Vision, Health Care and Dependent
Spending Accounts, Life Insurance, Long Term Disability Insurance, 401(k), and a cash balance pension plan. |
The Administrator
Administrative Service Agreement and Administrative
Services Fees Paid
Prior to May 1, 2016, the
Fund was party to the Investment Management Services Agreement and the Administrative Services Agreement with the Investment Manager for its investment advisory and administrative services, respectively, and paid the Investment Manager a separate
annual fee for its investment advisory and administrative services as set forth in each respective agreement. See Investment Management and Other Services – The Investment Manager for
more information with respect to the Investment Manager Services Agreement. The table below shows the total administrative services fees paid by the Fund for the last three fiscal periods.
Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
70
|
Administrative Services Fees
|
Administrative
Services Fees |
|
2015
|
2014
|
2013
|
For
Funds with fiscal period ending December 31 |
Tri-Continental
Corporation |
$834,568
|
$831,131
|
$752,847
|
Other Services
Provided
Transfer, Stockholder Service and
Dividend Paying Agent. Columbia Management Investment Services Corp. serves as the Fund’s transfer, stockholder service and dividend paying agent.
CMISC, located at 225 Franklin Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, performs certain recordkeeping functions for the Fund, maintains the records of stockholder accounts and furnishes dividend paying and related services.
Custodian. JPMorgan Chase, N.A., serves as custodian for the Fund’s portfolio securities and is located at 1 Chase Manhattan Plaza, New York, NY 10005. It also maintains, under the general supervision of
the Investment Manager, the accounting records and determines the net asset value for the Fund.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
PricewaterhouseCoopers
LLP, which is located at 225 South Sixth Street, Minneapolis, MN 55402, is the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm. The financial statements contained in the Fund’s Annual Report were audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. The
financial statements for the fiscal periods ended on or before December 31, 2011 were audited by the Fund’s former independent registered public accounting firm. The Board has selected PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as the independent registered
public accounting firm to audit the Fund's books and review its tax returns for its fiscal year.
The Report of
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and the audited financial statements are included in the annual report to shareholders of the Fund, and are incorporated herein by reference. No other parts of the annual or semi-annual reports to
shareholders are incorporated by reference herein. The audited financial statements incorporated by reference into the Fund's prospectus and this SAI have been so incorporated in reliance upon the report of the independent registered public
accounting firm, given on its authority as an expert in auditing and accounting.
Counsel
Kramer Levin Naftalis & Frankel LLP serves as counsel to the
Independent Directors of the Fund. Its address is 1177 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10036.
Board Services Corporation
The Fund has an agreement with Board Services located at 901 S.
Marquette Avenue, Suite 2810, Minneapolis, MN 55402. This agreement sets forth the terms of Board Services’ responsibility to serve as an agent of the Fund for purposes of administering the payment of compensation to each Independent Director,
to provide office space for use by the Fund and its Board, and to provide any other services to the Board or the Independent Directors, as may be reasonably requested.
Other Roles and Relationships of Ameriprise Financial and Its
Affiliates —
Certain Conflicts of Interest
As described above in the Investment Management and Other Services section of this SAI, and in the Management of the Corporation section of the Fund's prospectus, the Investment
Manager and Service Agent, each an affiliate of Ameriprise Financial, receives compensation from the Fund for the various services it provides to the Fund. Additional information as to the specific terms regarding such compensation is set forth in
these affiliated service providers’ contracts with the Fund, each of which typically is included as an exhibit to Part C of the Fund's registration statement.
In many instances, the compensation paid to the
Investment Manager and other Ameriprise Financial affiliates for the services they provide to the Fund is based, in some manner, on the size of the Fund's assets under management. As the size of the Fund's assets under management grows, so does the
amount of compensation paid to the Investment Manager and, as the case may be, other Ameriprise Financial affiliates for providing services to the Fund. This relationship between Fund assets and any affiliated service provider compensation may
create economic and other conflicts of interests of which Fund investors should be aware. These potential conflicts of interest, as well as additional ones, are discussed in detail below and also are addressed in other disclosure materials,
including the Fund's prospectus. These conflicts of interest also are highlighted in account documentation and other disclosure materials of Ameriprise Financial affiliates that make available or offer the Columbia Funds as investments in connection
with their respective products and services. In addition, Part 1A of the Investment Manager’s Form ADV, which it
Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
71
|
must file with the SEC as an investment adviser registered under
the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, provides information about the Investment Manager’s business, assets under management, affiliates and potential conflicts of interest. Parts 1A and 2 of the Investment Manager’s Form ADV are available
online through the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Additional actual or potential conflicts of interest
and certain investment activity limitations that could affect the Fund may arise from the financial services activities of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates, including, for example, the investment advisory/management services provided for
clients and customers other than the Fund. Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates are engaged in a wide range of financial activities beyond the fund-related activities of the Investment Manager, including, among others, broker-dealer (sales and
trading), asset management, insurance and other financial activities. The broad range of financial services activities of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates may involve multiple advisory, transactional, lending, financial and other interests in
securities and other instruments, and in companies, that may be bought, sold or held by the Fund. The following describes certain actual and potential conflicts of interest that may be presented.
Actual and Potential Conflicts of Interest Related to
the Investment Advisory/Management Activities of Ameriprise Financial and its Affiliates in Connection With Other Advised/Managed Funds and Accounts
The Investment Manager, Ameriprise Financial and other affiliates
of Ameriprise Financial may advise or manage funds and accounts other than the Fund. In this regard, Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates may provide investment advisory/management and other services to other advised/managed funds and accounts
that are similar to those provided to the Fund. The Investment Manager and Ameriprise Financial’s other investment adviser affiliates (including, for example, Columbia Wanger Asset Management, LLC) will give investment advice to and make
investment decisions for advised/managed funds and accounts, including the Funds, as they believe to be in that fund’s and/or account’s best interests, consistent with their fiduciary duties. The Fund and the other advised/managed funds
and accounts of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates are separately and potentially divergently managed, and there is no assurance that any investment advice Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates give to other advised/managed funds and accounts
will also be given simultaneously or otherwise to the Fund.
A variety of other actual and potential conflicts of
interest may arise from the advisory relationships of the Investment Manager, Ameriprise Financial and other Ameriprise Financial affiliates with other clients and customers. Advice given to the Fund and/or investment decisions made for the Fund by
the Investment Manager or other Ameriprise Financial affiliates may differ from, or may conflict with, advice given to and/or investment decisions made by the Investment Manager, Ameriprise Financial and other Ameriprise Financial affiliates for
other advised/managed funds and accounts. As a result, the performance of the Fund may differ from the performance of other funds or accounts advised/managed by the Investment Manager, Ameriprise Financial or other Ameriprise Financial affiliates.
Similarly, a position taken by Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates, including the Investment Manager, on behalf of other funds or accounts may be contrary to a position taken on behalf of the Fund. Moreover, Ameriprise Financial and its
affiliates, including the Investment Manager, may take a position on behalf of other advised/managed funds and accounts, or for their own proprietary accounts, that is adverse to companies or other issuers in which the Fund are invested. For
example, the Fund may hold equity securities of a company while another advised/managed fund or account may hold debt securities of the same company. If the portfolio company were to experience financial difficulties, it might be in the best
interest of the Fund for the company to reorganize while the interests of the other advised/managed fund or account might be better served by the liquidation of the company. This type of conflict of interest could arise as the result of
circumstances that cannot be generally foreseen within the broad range of investment advisory/management activities in which Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates engage.
Investment transactions made on behalf of other
funds or accounts advised/managed by the Investment Manager, Ameriprise Financial or other Ameriprise Financial affiliates also may have a negative effect on the value, price or investment strategies of the Fund. For example, this could occur if
another advised/managed fund or account implements an investment decision ahead of, or at the same time as, the Fund and causes the Fund to experience less favorable trading results than they otherwise would have experienced based on market
liquidity factors. In addition, the other funds and accounts advised/managed by the Investment Manager, Ameriprise Financial and other Ameriprise Financial affiliates, including the other Columbia Funds and accounts of Ameriprise Financial and its
affiliates, may have the same or very similar investment objective and strategies as the Fund. In this situation, the allocation of, and competition for, investment opportunities among the Fund and other funds and/or accounts advised/managed by the
Investment Manager, Ameriprise Financial or other Ameriprise Financial affiliates may create conflicts of interest especially where, for example, limited investment availability is involved. The Investment Manager has adopted policies and procedures
designed to address the allocation of investment opportunities among the Funds and other funds and accounts advised by the Investment Manager, Ameriprise Financial and other affiliates of Ameriprise Financial. For more information, see Portfolio Managers – Potential Conflicts of Interest.
Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
72
|
Sharing of Information among Advised/Managed
Accounts
Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates, including
the Investment Manager, also may possess information that could be material to the management of a Fund and may not be able to, or may determine not to, share that information with the Fund, even though the information might be beneficial to the
Fund. This information may include actual knowledge regarding the particular investments and transactions of other advised/managed funds and accounts, as well as proprietary investment, trading and other market research, analytical and technical
models, and new investment techniques, strategies and opportunities. Depending on the context, Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates generally will have no obligation to share any such information with the Fund. In general, employees of Ameriprise
Financial and its affiliates, including the portfolio managers of the Investment Manager, will make investment decisions without regard to information otherwise known by other employees of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates, and generally will
have no obligation to access any such information and may, in some instances, not be able to access such information because of legal and regulatory constraints or the internal policies and procedures of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates. For
example, if the Investment Manager or another Ameriprise Financial affiliate, or their respective employees, come into possession of non-public information regarding another advised/managed fund or account, they may be prohibited by legal and
regulatory constraints, or internal policies and procedures, from using that information in connection with transactions made on behalf of the Fund. For more information, see Portfolio Managers
– Potential Conflicts of Interest.
Soft Dollar Benefits
Certain products and services, commonly referred to as “soft
dollar services” (including, to the extent permitted by law, research reports, economic and financial data, financial publications, proxy analysis, computer databases and other research-oriented materials), that the Investment Manager may
receive in connection with brokerage services provided to a Fund may have the inadvertent effect of disproportionately benefiting other advised/managed funds or accounts. This could happen because of the relative amount of brokerage services
provided to a Fund as compared to other advised/managed funds or accounts, as well as the relative compensation paid by a Fund.
Services Provided to Other Advised/Managed
Accounts
Ameriprise
Financial and its affiliates, including the Investment Manager and Service Agent, also may act as an investment adviser, investment manager, administrator, transfer agent/service agent, custodian, trustee, broker-dealer, agent, or in another
capacity, for advised/managed funds and accounts other than the Fund, and may receive compensation for acting in such capacity. This compensation that the Investment Manager and Service Agent and other Ameriprise Financial affiliates receive could
be greater than the compensation Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates receive for acting in the same or similar capacity for the Fund. In addition, the Investment Manager and Service Agent and other Ameriprise Financial affiliates may receive
other benefits, including enhancement of new or existing business relationships. This compensation and/or the benefits that Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates may receive from other advised/managed funds and accounts and other relationships
could potentially create incentives to favor other advised/managed funds and accounts over the Fund. Trades made by Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates for the Fund may be, but are not required to be, aggregated with trades made for other funds
and accounts advised/managed by the Investment Manager and other Ameriprise Financial affiliates. If trades are aggregated among the Fund and those other funds and accounts, the various prices of the securities being traded may be averaged, which
could have the potential effect of disadvantaging the Fund as compared to the other funds and accounts with which trades were aggregated.
Proxy Voting
The Investment Manager has adopted proxy voting policies and
procedures that are designed to provide that all proxy voting is done in the best interests of its clients, including the Fund, without any resulting benefit or detriment to the Investment Manager and/or its affiliates, including Ameriprise
Financial and its affiliates. Although the Investment Manager endeavors to make all proxy voting decisions with respect to the interests of the Fund for which it is responsible in accordance with its proxy voting policies and procedures, the
Investment Manager’s proxy voting decisions with respect to a Fund’s portfolio securities may or may not benefit other advised/managed funds and accounts, and/or clients, of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates. For more information
about the Fund's proxy voting policies and procedures, see Investment Management and Other Services – Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures.
Certain Trading Activities
The directors/trustees, officers
and employees of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates may buy and sell securities or other investments for their own accounts, and in doing so may take a position that is adverse to the Fund. In order to reduce the possibility that such personal
investment activities of the directors/trustees, officers and employees of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates will materially adversely affect the Fund, Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates have adopted policies and procedures, and the Fund,
the Board and the Investment Manager have each adopted a Code of Ethics that addresses such personal investment activities. For more information, see Investment Management and Other Services –
Codes of Ethics.
Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
73
|
Affiliate Transactions
Subject to applicable legal and regulatory requirements, a Fund may
enter into transactions in which Ameriprise Financial and/or its affiliates, or companies that are deemed to be affiliates of a Fund because of, among other factors, their or their affiliates’ ownership or control of shares of the Fund, may
have an interest that potentially conflicts with the interests of the Fund. For example, an affiliate of Ameriprise Financial may sell securities to a Fund from an offering in which it is an underwriter or that it owns as a dealer, subject to
applicable legal and regulatory requirements. Applicable legal and regulatory requirements also may prevent a Fund from engaging in transactions with an affiliate of the Fund, which may include Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates, or from
participating in an investment opportunity in which an affiliate of a Fund participates.
Certain Investment Limitations
Regulatory and other restrictions may limit a Fund’s
investment activities in various ways. For example, certain securities may be subject to ownership limitations due to regulatory limits on investments in certain industries (such as, for example, banking and insurance) and markets (such as emerging
or international markets), or certain transactions (such as those involving certain derivatives or other instruments) or mechanisms imposed by certain issuers (such as, among others, poison pills). Certain of these restrictions may impose limits on
the aggregate amount of investments that may be made by affiliated investors in the aggregate or in individual issuers. In these circumstances, the Investment Manager may be prevented from acquiring securities for a Fund (that it might otherwise
prefer to acquire) if the acquisition would cause the Fund and its affiliated investors to exceed an applicable limit. These types of regulatory and other applicable limits are complex and vary significantly in different contexts including, among
others, from country to country, industry to industry and issuer to issuer. The Investment Manager has policies and procedures designed to monitor and interpret these limits. Nonetheless, given the complexity of these limits, the Investment Manager
and/or its affiliates may inadvertently breach these limits, and a Fund may therefore be required to sell securities that it might otherwise prefer to hold in order to comply with such limits. In addition, aggregate ownership limitations could cause
performance dispersion among funds and accounts managed by the Investment Manager with similar investment objectives and strategies and portfolio management teams. For example, if further purchases in an issuer are restricted due to regulatory or
other reasons, a portfolio manager would not be able to acquire securities or other assets of an issuer for a new Fund that may already be held by other funds and accounts with the same/similar investment objectives and strategies that are managed
by the same portfolio management team. The Investment Manager may also choose to limit purchases in an issuer to a certain threshold for risk management purposes. If the holdings of the Investment Manager’s affiliates are included in that
limitation, a Fund may be more limited in its ability to purchase a particular security or other asset than if the holdings of the Investment Manager’s affiliates had been excluded from the limitation. At certain times, a Fund may be
restricted in its investment activities because of relationships that an affiliate of the Fund, which may include Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates, may have with the issuers of securities. This could happen, for example, if a Fund desired to
buy a security issued by a company for which Ameriprise Financial or an affiliate serves as underwriter. In any of these scenarios, a Fund’s inability to participate (or participate further) in a particular investment, despite a portfolio
manager’s desire to so participate, may negatively impact Fund performance. The internal policies and procedures of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates covering these types of restrictions and addressing similar issues also may at times
restrict a Fund’s investment activities.
Actual and Potential Conflicts of Interest Related to
Ameriprise Financial and its Affiliates’ Non-Advisory Relationships with Clients and Customers other than the Funds
The financial relationships that Ameriprise Financial and its
affiliates may have with companies and other entities in which a Fund may invest can give rise to actual and potential conflicts of interest. Subject to applicable legal and regulatory requirements, a Fund may invest (a) in the securities of
Ameriprise Financial and/or its affiliates and/or in companies in which Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates have an equity, debt or other interest, and/or (b) in the securities of companies held by other Columbia Funds. The purchase, holding and
sale of such securities by a Fund may enhance the profitability and the business interests of Ameriprise Financial and/or its affiliates and/or other Columbia Funds. There also may be limitations as to the sharing with the Investment Manager of
information derived from the non-investment advisory/management activities of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates because of legal and regulatory constraints and internal policies and procedures (such as information barriers and ethical walls).
Because of these limitations, Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates generally will not share information derived from its non-investment advisory/management activities with the Investment Manager.
Codes of Ethics
The funds in the Columbia
Family of Funds (which includes the Fund), Columbia Management, and Columbia Management Investment Distributors (the distributor of the open-end funds (other than the Columbia ETFs) in the Columbia Fund Family) have adopted Codes of Ethics pursuant
to the requirements of the 1940 Act, including Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act. These Codes of Ethics permit personnel subject to the Codes of Ethics to invest in securities, including securities that may be bought or held by the Fund. These Codes of
Ethics are included as exhibits to Part C of the Fund's registration statement. These Codes of
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Ethics can be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s Public
Reference Room and may be obtained by calling the SEC at 202.551.8090; they also are available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov, and may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request to publicinfo@sec.gov or by writing
to the SEC’s Public Reference Section, Washington, D.C. 20549-1520.
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
General. The Funds have delegated to the Investment Manager the responsibility to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities held by the Funds, including Funds managed by subadvisers.
The Investment Manager votes proxies relating to
portfolio securities in accordance with a proxy voting policy and pre-determined proxy voting guidelines adopted by the Board. The Funds endeavor to vote all proxies of which they become aware prior to the vote deadline; provided, however, that in
certain circumstances the Funds may refrain from voting securities. For instance, the Funds may refrain from voting foreign securities if the costs of voting outweigh the expected benefits of voting and typically will not vote securities if voting
would impose trading restrictions.
Board
Oversight and Retention of Proxy Voting Authority. The Board may, in its discretion, vote proxies for the Funds. For instance, the Board may determine to vote on matters that may present a material
conflict of interest to the Investment Manager.
The Board reviews on an annual basis, or more
frequently as determined appropriate, the Investment Manager’s administration of the proxy voting process and its adherence to the approved guidelines.
Voting Guidelines. The Investment Manager and Board will generally vote in accordance with pre-determined voting guidelines adopted by the Board. The voting guidelines indicate whether to vote for, against or abstain
from particular proposals, or whether the matter should be considered on a case-by-case basis. A committee within the Investment Manager (the Proxy Voting Committee), which is composed of representatives of the Investment Manager’s equity
investments, equity research, compliance, legal and operations functions, may determine to vote differently from the guidelines on particular proposals in the event it determines that doing so is in the clients’ best economic interests. The
Board may also determine to vote differently from the guidelines on particular proposals in the event it determines that doing so is appropriate and in the Funds’ interests. The Investment Manager and the Board may also consider the voting
recommendations of analysts, portfolio managers, subadvisers and information obtained from outside resources, including one or more third party research providers. When proposals are not covered by the voting guidelines or a voting determination
must be made on a case-by-case basis, a portfolio manager, subadviser or analyst will make the voting determination based on his or her determination of the clients’ best economic interests. In addition, the Proxy Voting Committee or Board may
determine proxy votes when proposals require special consideration.
On an annual basis, or more frequently as determined
necessary, the Board reviews recommendations to revise the existing guidelines or add new guidelines. Recommendations are based on, among other things, industry trends and the frequency that similar proposals appear on company ballots.
Addressing Conflicts of Interest. If the Investment Manager is subject to a potential material conflict of interest with respect to a proxy vote, the Board will vote the proxy by administering the guidelines or determining the vote on
a case-by-case basis. If the Board determines that its members may be subject to a potential material conflict of interest with respect to a proxy vote, the member is asked to recuse himself or herself from the determination.
Voting Proxies of Affiliated Underlying Funds. Certain Funds may invest in shares of other Columbia Funds (referred to in this context as “underlying funds”) and may own substantial portions of these underlying funds. If such Funds are
in a master-feeder structure, the feeder fund will either seek instructions from its shareholders with regard to the voting of proxies with respect to the master fund’s shares and vote such proxies in accordance with such instructions or vote
the shares held by it in the same proportion as the vote of all other master fund shareholders. With respect to Funds that hold shares of underlying funds other than in a master-feeder structure, the proxy policy of the Funds is, in general, to
ensure that direct public shareholders of underlying funds control the outcome of any shareholder vote. To help manage this potential conflict of interest, the policy of the Funds is to vote proxies of the underlying funds in the same proportion as
the vote of the direct public shareholders; provided, however, that if there are no direct public shareholders of an underlying fund or if direct public shareholders represent only a minority interest in an underlying fund, the Fund may cast votes
in accordance with instructions from the independent members of the Board.
Proxy Voting Agents. The Investment Manager has retained Institutional Shareholder Services Inc., a third party vendor, as its proxy voting administrator to implement the Funds’ proxy voting process and to provide
recordkeeping and vote disclosure services. The Investment Manager has retained both Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. and Glass-Lewis & Co. to provide proxy research services.
Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
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Additional Information. Information regarding how the Columbia Funds (except certain Columbia Funds that do not invest in voting securities) voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent twelve month
period ended June 30 will be available by August 31 of this year free of charge: (i) through the Columbia Funds’ website at www.columbiathreadneedle.com/us and/or (ii) on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. For a copy of the voting
guidelines in effect on the date of this SAI, see Appendix B to this SAI.
Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
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FUND GOVERNANCE
Board of Directors and Officers
Stockholders elect the Board that oversees the
Fund's operations. The Board appoints officers who are responsible for day-to-day business decisions based on policies set by the Board. The following table provides basic biographical information about the Fund's Directors as of the date of this
SAI, including their principal occupations during the past five years, although specific titles for individuals may have varied over the period. Under current Board policy, members may serve a term of three years, whereupon they may be re-elected to
serve another term (the Fund’s Board has three classes, with one class expiring each year at the Fund’s regular stockholder’s meeting), or generally through the end of the calendar year in which they reach either the mandatory
retirement age established by the Board or the fifteenth anniversary of the first Board meeting they attended as a member of the Board.
Directors
Independent Directors
Name,
Address, Year of Birth |
Position
Held with the Fund and Length of Service |
Principal
Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years and Other Relevant Professional Experience |
Number
of Funds in the Columbia Funds Complex Overseen |
Other
Directorships Held by Director During the Past Five Years |
Committee
Assignments |
Kathleen
Blatz 901 S. Marquette Ave. Minneapolis, MN 55402 1954 |
Director
since November 2008 |
Attorney,
specializing in arbitration and mediation; Chief Justice, Minnesota Supreme Court, 1998-2006; Associate Justice, Minnesota Supreme Court, 1996-1998; Fourth Judicial District Court Judge, Hennepin County, 1994-1996; Attorney in private practice and
public service, 1984-1993; State Representative, Minnesota House of Representatives, 1979-1993, which included service on the Tax and Financial Institutions and Insurance Committees |
120
|
Trustee,
BlueCross BlueShield of Minnesota (Chair of the Business Development Committee) since 2009; Chair of the Robina Foundation since August 2013 |
Board
Governance, Contracts, Executive, Investment Review |
Pamela
G. Carlton 901 S. Marquette Ave. Minneapolis, MN 55402 1954 |
Director
since November 2008 |
President,
Springboard- Partners in Cross Cultural Leadership (consulting company) since 2003; Managing Director of US Equity Research, JP Morgan Chase, 1999-2003; Director of US Equity Research, Chase Asset Management, 1996- 1999; Co-Director Latin America
Research, 1993-1996, COO Global Research, 1992-1996, Co-Director of US Research, 1991-1992, Investment Banker, Morgan Stanley, 1982-1991 |
120
|
Trustee,
New York Presbyterian Hospital Board (Executive Committee and Chair of Human Resources Committee) since 1996 |
Audit,
Board Governance, Executive, Investment Review |
Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
77
|
Name,
Address, Year of Birth |
Position
Held with the Fund and Length of Service |
Principal
Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years and Other Relevant Professional Experience |
Number
of Funds in the Columbia Funds Complex Overseen |
Other
Directorships Held by Director During the Past Five Years |
Committee
Assignments |
William
P. Carmichael 901 S. Marquette Ave. Minneapolis, MN 55402 1943 |
Director
since January 2014; Chair of the Board from January 2014 through November 2015 |
Retired;
Co-founder, The Succession Fund (provides exit strategies to owners of privately held companies), 1998-2007; Adjunct Professor of Finance, Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, 1993-2007; Senior Vice President, Sara Lee Corporation,
1991-1993; Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Beatrice Foods Company, 1984-1990; Vice President, Esmark, Inc., 1973-1984; Associate, Price Waterhouse, 1968-1972 |
120
|
Director,
The Finish Line (athletic shoes and apparel) since July 2003; Director, International Textile Corp. since 2012; Director, hhgregg since May, 2015; former Director, Cobra Electronics Corporation (electronic equipment manufacturer), 1994-August 2014;
former Director, Spectrum Brands, Inc. (consumer products), 2002-2009; former Director, Simmons Company (bedding), 2004-2010; former Trustee, BofA Funds Series Trust (11 funds) 2009-2011; former Director, McMoRan Exploration Company (oil and gas
exploration and development) 2010-2013 |
Audit,
Compliance, Investment Review |
Patricia
M. Flynn 901 S. Marquette Ave. Minneapolis, MN 55402 1950 |
Director
since November 2008 |
Trustee
Professor of Economics and Management, Bentley University since 1976 (also teaches and conducts research on corporate governance); Dean, McCallum Graduate School of Business, Bentley University, 1992-2002 |
120
|
Trustee,
MA Taxpayers Foundation since 1997; Board of Governors, Innovation Institute, MA Technology Collaborative since 2010 |
Audit,
Compliance, Investment Review |
William
A. Hawkins 901 S. Marquette Ave. Minneapolis, MN 55402 1942 |
Chair
of the Board since November 2015; Director since March 2015 |
Managing
Director, Overton Partners (financial consulting), since August 2010; President and Chief Executive Officer, California General Bank, N.A., January 2008-August 2010; Operation Hope, COO, 2004-2007; IndyMac Bancorp, President, CBG, 1999-2003;
American General Bank, President, 1997-1999; Griffin Financial Services, CEO, 1981-1997; The Griffin Funds, CEO, 1992-1998 |
120
|
Former
Trustee, BofA Funds Series Trust (11 funds) 2009-2015 |
Board
Governance, Compliance, Contracts, Executive, Investment Review |
Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
78
|
Name,
Address, Year of Birth |
Position
Held with the Fund and Length of Service |
Principal
Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years and Other Relevant Professional Experience |
Number
of Funds in the Columbia Funds Complex Overseen |
Other
Directorships Held by Director During the Past Five Years |
Committee
Assignments |
Catherine
James Paglia 901 S. Marquette Ave. Minneapolis, MN 55402 1952 |
Director
since November 2008 |
Director,
Enterprise Asset Management, Inc. (private real estate and asset management company) since September 1998; Managing Director and Partner, Interlaken Capital, Inc., 1989-1997; Managing Director, Morgan Stanley, 1982-1989; Vice President, Investment
Banking, 1980-1982, Associate, Investment Banking, 1976-1980, Dean Witter Reynolds, Inc. |
120
|
Director,
Valmont Industries, Inc. (irrigation systems manufacturer) since 2012; Trustee, Carleton College (on the Investment Committee); Trustee, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (on the Investment Committee) |
Board
Governance, Contracts, Executive, Investment Review |
Minor
M. Shaw 901 S. Marquette Ave. Minneapolis, MN 55402 1947 |
Director
since April 2016 |
President,
Micco LLC (private investments) since 2011; President, Micco Corp. (family investment business), 1998-2011 |
120
|
Director,
Piedmont Natural Gas; Director, BlueCross BlueShield of South Carolina since April 2008; Chair of the Duke Endowment; Director, National Association of Corporate Directors, Carolinas Chapter, since 2013; Chair of Greenville – Spartanburg
Airport Commission; former Trustee, BofA Funds Series Trust (11 funds), 2003-2011 |
Compliance,
Contracts, Investment Review |
Alison
Taunton-Rigby 901 S. Marquette Ave. Minneapolis, MN 55402 1944 |
Director
since November 2008 |
Managing
Director, Forester Biotech (consulting), 2001 - 2003; Chief Executive Officer and Director, RiboNovix, Inc., (biotechnology), 2003-2010; President and Chief Executive Officer of CMT Inc., 2001-2003; Aquila Biopharmaceuticals Inc., 1996-2000;
Cambridge Biotech Corporation, 1995-1996; Mitotix Inc., 1993-1994 |
120
|
Director,
Abt Associates (government contractor) since 2001; Director, Boston Children’s Hospital since 2002; Director, Healthways, Inc. (health and well-being solutions) since 2005; Director, ICI Mutual Insurance Company, since 2011 |
Board
Governance, Audit, Investment Review |
Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
79
|
Interested Director Affiliated with Investment
Manager*
Name,
Address, Year of Birth |
Position
Held with the Fund and Length of Service |
Principal
Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years and Other Relevant Professional Experience |
Number
of Funds in the Columbia Funds Complex Overseen |
Other
Directorships Held by Director During the Past Five Years |
Committee
Assignments |
William
F. Truscott c/o Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, 225 Franklin St. Boston, MA 02110 1960 |
Director
and Senior Vice President since November 2008 |
Chairman
of the Board and President, Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC since May 2010 and February 2012, respectively (previously President and Chief Investment Officer, 2001 - April 2010); Chief Executive Officer, Global Asset Management,
Ameriprise Financial, Inc. since September 2012 (previously Chief Executive Officer, U.S. Asset Management & President, Annuities, May 2010 - September 2012 and President – U.S. Asset Management and Chief Investment Officer, 2005 - April
2010); Director and Chief Executive Officer, Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc. since May 2010 and February 2012, respectively (previously Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, 2006 - April 2010); Chairman of the Board
and Chief Executive Officer, RiverSource Distributors, Inc. since 2006; Director, Threadneedle Asset Management Holdings, SARL since 2014; President and Chief Executive Officer, Ameriprise Certificate Company, 2006 - August 2012. |
178
|
Chairman
of the Board, Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC since May 2010; Director, Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc. since May 2010; Former Director, Ameriprise Certificate Company, 2006 - January 2013 |
None
|
*
|
Interested person (as defined
under the 1940 Act) by reason of being an officer, director, security holder and/or employee of the Investment Manager or Ameriprise Financial. |
The Officers
The Board has appointed officers who are responsible
for day-to-day business decisions based on policies it has established. The officers serve at the pleasure of the Board. The following table provides basic information about the Officers of the Fund as of the date of this SAI, including principal
occupations during the past five years, although their specific titles may have varied over the period. In addition to Mr. Truscott, who is Senior Vice President, the Fund's other officers are:
Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
80
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Fund Officers
Name,
Address and Year of Birth |
Position
and Year First Appointed to Position for any Fund in the Columbia Funds Complex or a Predecessor Thereof |
Principal
Occupation(s) During Past Five Years |
Christopher
O. Petersen 5228 Ameriprise Financial Center Minneapolis, MN 55474 Born 1970 |
President
and Principal Executive Officer (2015) |
Vice
President and Lead Chief Counsel, Ameriprise Financial, Inc. since January 2015 (previously, Vice President and Chief Counsel January 2010 – December 2014; and Vice President and Group Counsel or Counsel 2004 - January 2010); officer of
Columbia Funds and affiliated funds since 2007. |
Michael
G. Clarke 225 Franklin Street Boston, MA 02110 Born 1969 |
Treasurer
(2011), Chief Financial Officer (2009) and Chief Accounting Officer (2015) |
Vice
President – Mutual Fund Administration, Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, since May 2010; Managing Director of Fund Administration, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC, September 2004 - April 2010; senior officer of Columbia Funds
and affiliated funds since 2002. |
Paul
B. Goucher 100 Park Avenue New York, NY 10017 Born 1968 |
Senior
Vice President (2011), Chief Legal Officer (2015) and Assistant Secretary (2008) |
Vice
President and Lead Chief Counsel, Ameriprise Financial, Inc. since November 2008 and January 2013, respectively (previously Chief Counsel, January 2010 - January 2013 and Group Counsel, November 2008 - January 2010). |
Thomas
P. McGuire 225 Franklin Street Boston, MA 02110 Born 1972 |
Senior
Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer (2012) |
Vice
President – Asset Management Compliance, Ameriprise Financial, Inc., since May 2010; Chief Compliance Officer, Ameriprise Certificate Company since September 2010; Compliance Executive, Bank of America, 2005 - April 2010. |
Colin
Moore 225 Franklin Street Boston, MA 02110 Born 1958 |
Senior
Vice President (2010) |
Executive
Vice President and Global Chief Investment Officer, Ameriprise Financial, Inc., since July 2013; Director and Global Chief Investment Officer, Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC since May 2010; Manager, Managing Director and Chief
Investment Officer, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC, 2007 - April 2010. |
Michael
E. DeFao 225 Franklin Street Boston, MA 02110 Born 1968 |
Vice
President (2011) and Assistant Secretary (2010) |
Vice
President and Chief Counsel, Ameriprise Financial, Inc. since May 2010; Associate General Counsel, Bank of America, 2005 - April 2010. |
Amy
Johnson 5228 Ameriprise Financial Center Minneapolis, MN 55474 Born 1965 |
Vice
President (2006) |
Managing
Director and Chief Operating Officer, Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC since May 2010 (previously Chief Administrative Officer, 2009 - April 2010, and Vice President – Asset Management and Trust Company Services, 2006 - 2009).
|
Lyn
Kephart-Strong 5228 Ameriprise Financial Center Minneapolis, MN 55474 Born 1960 |
Vice
President (2015) |
President,
Columbia Management Investment Services Corp. since October 2014; Vice President & Resolution Officer, Ameriprise Trust Company since August 2009; President, RiverSource Service Corporation 2004-2010. |
Ryan
C. Larrenaga 225 Franklin Street Boston, MA 02110 Born 1970 |
Vice
President and Secretary (2015) |
Vice
President and Group Counsel, Ameriprise Financial, Inc. since August 2011 (previously, Counsel from May 2010 to August 2011); Assistant General Counsel, Bank of America, 2005 - April 2010; officer of Columbia Funds and affiliated funds since 2005.
|
Responsibilities of Board
with respect to Fund management
The Board is chaired by an
Independent Director who has significant additional responsibilities compared to the other Board members, including, among other things: setting the agenda for Board meetings, communicating and meeting regularly with Board members between Board and
committee meetings on Fund-related matters with the Fund's Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”), counsel to the Independent Directors, and representatives of the Fund's service providers and overseeing Board Services.
The Board initially approves an investment
management services agreement and other contracts with the Investment Manager and its affiliates, and other service providers. Once the contracts are approved, the Board monitors the level and quality of services including commitments of service
providers to achieve expected levels of investment performance and stockholder services. Annually, the Board evaluates the services received under the contracts by reviewing, among other things, reports
Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
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covering investment performance, stockholder services, marketing,
and the Investment Manager’s profitability in order to determine whether to continue existing contracts or negotiate new contracts. The Investment Manager is responsible for day-to-day management and administration of the Fund and management
of the risks that arise from the Fund's investments and operations. The Board’s oversight of the Investment Manager and other service providers in the operation of the Fund includes oversight with respect to various risk management functions.
The Fund is subject to a number of risks, including investment, compliance, operational, and valuation risks, among others. Day-to-day risk management functions are subsumed within the responsibilities of the Investment Manager and other service
providers (depending on the nature of the risk) who carry out the Fund's investment management and business affairs. Each of the Investment Manager and other service providers has its own, independent interest in risk management, and its policies
and methods of carrying out risk management functions will depend, in part, on its analysis of the risks, functions and business models.
Risk oversight forms part of the
Board’s general oversight of the Fund and is addressed as part of various Board and Committee activities. As part of its regular oversight of the trusts, the Board, directly or through a committee, interacts with and reviews reports from,
among others, the Investment Manager, subadvisers, if applicable, the independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund, and internal auditors for the Investment Manager or its affiliates, as appropriate, regarding risks faced by the Fund
and relevant risk functions. The Board also meets periodically with the Fund's CCO, to receive reports regarding the compliance of the Funds and their principal service providers with the federal securities laws and their internal compliance
policies and procedures. The Board, with the assistance of the Investment Review Committee, reviews investment policies in connection with its review of the Fund's performance, and meets periodically with the portfolio managers of the Fund to
receive reports regarding the management of the Fund, including various investment risks. As part of the Board’s periodic review of the Fund's advisory, subadvisory, if applicable, and other service provider agreements, as applicable, the
Board may consider risk management aspects of their operations and the functions for which they are responsible. In addition, the Board oversees processes that are in place to assure compliance with applicable rules, regulations and investment
policies and addresses possible conflicts of interest. The Board of Directors met 6 times during the year ended December 31, 2015.
The Board recognizes that not all risks that may
affect the Fund can be identified in advance; that it may not be practical or cost-effective to eliminate or mitigate certain risks; that it may be necessary to bear certain risks (such as various investment-related risks) in seeking to achieve the
Fund's investment objectives; and that the processes and controls employed to address certain risks may be limited in their effectiveness. As a result of the foregoing and other factors, the Board’s risk management oversight is subject to
substantial limitations.
Trustee Biographical
Information and Qualifications
The following
provides an overview of the considerations that led the Board to conclude that each individual serving as a Director should so serve. Generally, no one factor was decisive in the selection of an individual to join the Board. Among the factors the
Board considered when concluding that an individual should serve on the Board were the following: (i) the individual’s business and professional experience and accomplishments; (ii) the individual’s ability to work effectively with the
other Directors; (iii) the individual’s prior experience, if any, serving on the boards of public companies (including, where relevant, other investment companies) and other enterprises and organizations; and (iv) how the individual’s
skills, experience and attributes would contribute to an appropriate mix of relevant skills and experience on the Board.
In respect of each current Director, the
individual’s substantial professional accomplishments and experience were a significant factor in the determination that, in light of the business and structure of the Fund, the individual should serve as a Director. Following is a summary of
each Director’s particular professional experience and additional considerations that contributed to or support the Board’s conclusion that an individual should serve as a Director:
Kathleen Blatz
– Ms. Blatz has had a successful legal and judicial career, including serving for eight years as Chief Justice of the Minnesota Supreme Court. Prior to being a judge, she practiced law and also served in the Minnesota House of Representatives
having been elected to eight terms. While in the legislature she served on various committees, including the Financial Institutions and Insurance Committee and the Tax Committee. Since retiring from the Bench, she has been appointed as an arbitrator
on many cases involving business to business disputes, including some pertaining to shareholder rights issues. She also has been appointed to two Special Litigation Committees by boards of Fortune 500 Companies to investigate issues relating to
cyber-security and stock options. She serves on the boards of directors of BlueCross BlueShield of Minnesota as well as several non-profit organizations.
Pamela G. Carlton
– Ms. Carlton has over 20 years’ experience in the investment banking industry, as a former Managing Director of JP Morgan Chase and a 14-year veteran of Morgan Stanley Investment Banking and Equity Research. She is currently the
President of Springboard Partners in Cross Cultural Leadership, a consulting firm that she founded. She also has experience on other boards of directors of non-profit organizations, including the Board of Trustees of New York Presbyterian Hospital
where she is on the Executive Committee and Chair of the Human Resources Committee.
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of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
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William P. Carmichael – Prior to forming The Succession Fund more than 15 years ago, Mr. Carmichael, a Certified Public Accountant and attorney, had 4 years of experience with Price Waterhouse (now PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP) and 21
years of experience in various financial positions with global consumer product companies, including: Senior Vice President of Sara Lee Corporation and Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Beatrice Foods Company. He has been
Treasurer and Chairman of the Investment Committee for the Indiana University Foundation, and has been an adjunct professor of finance for the I.U. Kelley School of Business. Mr. Carmichael has also been a member of the board and the Investment
Committee of the Virginia Law School Foundation, and has served on numerous public company boards. His experience covers strategic planning, corporate governance and multiple financial functions, including investments.
Patricia M. Flynn
– Dr. Flynn is a Trustee Professor of Economics and Management at Bentley University, where she previously served as Dean of the McCallum Graduate School of Business. Her research and teaching focus on technology-based economic development,
corporate governance and women in business, which she has also written on extensively. She has served on numerous corporate and non-profit boards, including Boston Fed Bancorp Inc., U.S. Trust and The Federal Savings Bank.
William A. Hawkins
– Mr. Hawkins has been a Managing Director of Overton Partners, a financial consulting firm for over 15 years. He has over thirty years of executive level experience in the banking and financial services industry, including serving as
President and Chief Executive Officer of California General Bank, N.A., President of IndyMac Bancorp and President and Chief Operating Officer of American General Bank, FSB. He also served as Chief Executive Officer and President of Griffin
Financial Services of America Inc., an asset management firm. He also has experience on other boards of directors, including boards of other investment companies. He is a Certified Financial Planner and a Chartered Property and Casualty
Underwriter.
Catherine James Paglia – Ms. Paglia has been a Director of Enterprise Asset Management, Inc., a real estate and asset management company, for over 15 years. She previously spent eight years as a Managing Director at Morgan Stanley, 10
years as a Managing Director of Interlaken Capital and served as Chief Financial Officer of two public companies. She also has experience on other boards of directors of public and non-profit organizations.
Minor M. Shaw – Ms. Shaw is President of Micco, LLC, a private investment company, and past president of
Micco Corporation and Mickel Investment Group. She is chairman of the Daniel-Mickel Foundation and The Duke Endowment. She currently serves as chairman of the Greenville-Spartanburg Airport Commission. She holds numerous civic and business board
memberships and is a past chair of Wofford College Board of Trustees. Ms. Shaw serves on the boards of Piedmont Natural Gas and Blue Cross Blue Shield of South Carolina. She has also served on the boards of Citizens & Southern Bank of SC and Interstate Johnson Lane.
Alison
Taunton-Rigby – Dr. Taunton-Rigby has been a senior executive in the healthcare industry for over 30 years. She was Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer of RiboNovix, Inc. and President and Chief
Executive Officer of Aquila Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge Biotech Corporation and Mitotix Inc. Prior to this, she served in senior management positions at Genzyme Corporation, Arthur D. Little Inc., Vivotech Inc., Biogen, Inc. and
Collaborative Research, Inc. She has been awarded the OBE (Officer of the Order of the British Empire) by Queen Elizabeth II for her work as a leader in the research, development and promotion of biotechnology. She currently serves as a director of
ICI Mutual Insurance Company, Healthways, Inc., Abt Associates and Boston Children’s Hospital, and serves on a number of Advisory Boards.
William F. Truscott – Mr. Truscott has served on the Board of Trustees of various Columbia funds since 2001. He has served as Chairman of the Board of the Investment Manager since May 2010 and since February 2012 has served as its
President. From 2001 to April 2010, Mr. Truscott served as the President, Chairman of the Board and Chief Investment Officer of the Investment Manager. He has served as Director of Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc. (the distributor of the open-end funds (other than the Columbia ETFs) in the Columbia Fund Family) since May 2010 and since February 2012 has served as its Chief Executive Officer. The Board has concluded that having a
senior member of the Investment Manager serve on the Board can facilitate increased access to information regarding the Funds’ Investment Manager for the Independent Trustees, which is the Funds’ most significant service
provider.
Committees of the
Board
The Board has organized the following standing
committees to facilitate its work: Board Governance Committee, Compliance Committee, Contracts Committee, Executive Committee, Investment Review Committee and Audit Committee. These Committees are comprised solely of Independent Directors. The table
above describing each Director also includes their respective committee assignments. The duties of these committees are described below.
Mr. Hawkins, as Chair of the Board, acts as a point
of contact between the Independent Directors and the Investment Manager between Board meetings in respect of general matters.
Board Governance Committee. Recommends to the Board the size, structure and composition of the Board and its committees; the compensation to be paid to members of the Board; and a process
for evaluating the Board’s performance. The committee also reviews candidates for Board membership, including candidates recommended by stockholders. The committee also makes
Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
83
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recommendations to the Board regarding responsibilities and duties
of the Board, oversees proxy voting and supports the work of the Board Chair in relation to furthering the interests of the Fund and other funds in the Columbia Family of Funds overseen by the Board and their shareholders on external matters.
To be considered as a candidate for Director,
recommendations must include a curriculum vitae and be mailed to the Chair of the Board, Columbia Family of Funds, 901 Marquette Avenue South, Suite 2810, Minneapolis, MN 55402-3268. To be timely for consideration by the committee, the submission,
including all required information, must be submitted in writing not less than 120 days before the date of the proxy statement for the previous year’s annual meeting of stockholders. The committee will consider only one candidate submitted by
such a stockholder or group for nomination for election at a meeting of stockholders. The committee will not consider self-nominated candidates or candidates nominated by members of a candidate’s family, including such candidate’s
spouse, children, parents, uncles, aunts, grandparents, nieces and nephews. Stockholders who wish to submit a candidate for nomination directly to the Fund's stockholders must follow the procedures described in the Fund's Bylaws, as posted to the
website www.columbiathreadneedle.com/us.
The
committee will consider and evaluate candidates submitted by the nominating shareholder or group on the basis of the same criteria as those used to consider and evaluate candidates submitted from other sources. The committee may take into account a
wide variety of factors in considering director candidates, including (but not limited to): (i) the candidate’s knowledge in matters relating to the investment company industry; (ii) any experience possessed by the candidate as a director or
senior officer of other public or private companies; (iii) the candidate’s educational background; (iv) the candidate’s reputation for high ethical standards and personal and professional integrity; (v) any specific financial, technical
or other expertise possessed by the candidate, and the extent to which such expertise would complement the Board’s existing mix of skills and qualifications; (vi) the candidate’s perceived ability to contribute to the ongoing functions
of the Board, including the candidate’s ability and commitment to attend meetings regularly, work collaboratively with other members of the Board and carry out his or her duties in the best interests of the Fund; (vii) the candidate’s
ability to qualify as an independent director; and (viii) such other criteria as the committee determines to be relevant in light of the existing composition of the Board and any anticipated vacancies or other factors.
Members of the committee (and/or
the Board) also meet personally with each nominee to evaluate the candidate’s ability to work effectively with other members of the Board, while also exercising independent judgment. Although the Board does not have a formal diversity policy,
the Board endeavors to comprise itself of members with a broad mix of professional and personal backgrounds. Thus, the committee and the Board accorded particular weight to the individual professional background of each Independent Director. The
committee held 6 meetings during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.
Compliance Committee. Supports the Fund's maintenance of a strong compliance program by providing a forum for Independent Directors to consider compliance matters impacting the Fund or their key service providers;
developing and implementing, in coordination with the CCO, a process for the review and consideration of compliance reports that are provided to the Board; and providing a designated forum for the Fund's CCO to meet with Independent Directors on a
regular basis to discuss compliance matters. The committee held 5 meetings during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.
Contracts Committee. Reviews and oversees the contractual relationships with service providers. Receives and analyzes reports covering the level and quality of services provided under contracts with the Fund and advises
the Board regarding actions taken on these contracts during the annual review process. Reviews and considers, on behalf of all Directors, the Fund's investment advisory, subadvisory (if any), administrative services and principal underwriting
contracts to assists the Directors in fulfilling their responsibilities relating to the Board’s evaluation and consideration of these arrangements. The committee held 6 meetings during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.
Executive Committee. Acts, as needed, for the Board between meetings of the Board. The committee did not
meet during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.
Investment Review Committee. Reviews and oversees the management of the Fund's assets. Considers investment management policies and strategies; investment performance; risk management techniques; and securities trading practices
and reports areas of concern to the Board. The committee held 6 meetings during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.
Audit Committee. Oversees the accounting and financial reporting processes of the Fund and internal controls over financial reporting. Oversees the quality and integrity of the Fund's financial statements and
independent audits as well as the Fund's compliance with legal and regulatory requirements relating to the Fund's accounting and financial reporting, internal controls over financial reporting and independent audits. The committee also makes
recommendations regarding the selection of the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm (i.e., independent auditors) and reviews and
evaluates the qualifications, independence and performance of the auditor. The committee oversees the Fund's risks by, among other things, meeting with the Fund's internal auditors, establishing procedures for the confidential, anonymous submission
by employees of concerns about accounting or audit matters, and overseeing the Fund's Disclosure Controls and Procedures. This committee acts as a liaison between the independent auditors and the full Board and must prepare an audit committee
report. This committee operates
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pursuant to a written charter, a
copy of which is available at www.columbiathreadneedle.com/us. The members of this committee are “independent” as required by applicable listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange. The committee held 7 meetings during the fiscal
year ended December 31, 2015.
Beneficial Equity Ownership
The tables below show, for each Director, the amount of Fund equity
securities beneficially owned by the Director and the aggregate value of all investments in equity securities of all Funds in the Columbia Funds Complex overseen by the Director, including notional amounts through the Deferred Compensation Plan,
where noted. The information is provided as of December 31, 2015.
The tables only include ownership of Columbia Funds
overseen by the Directors; the Directors and Officers may own shares of other Columbia Funds they do not oversee. The tables do not include ownership of Columbia Funds overseen by other boards of trustees/directors.
Independent Director Ownership
Board
Member |
Dollar
Range of Equity Securities Owned by Director of the Fund |
Aggregate
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in all Funds in the Columbia Funds Complex Overseen by the Director |
Kathleen
Blatz |
$1-$10,000
|
Over
$100,000 |
Pamela
G. Carlton |
$1-$10,000
|
Over
$100,000(a) |
William
P. Carmichael |
$1-$10,000
|
Over
$100,000(a) |
Patricia
M. Flynn |
Over
$100,000(a) |
Over
$100,000(a) |
William
A. Hawkins |
$1-$10,000
|
Over
$100,000(a) |
Catherine
James Paglia |
$1-$10,000
|
Over
$100,000(a) |
Minor
M. Shaw(b) |
$1-$10,000
|
Over
$100,000(a) |
Alison
Taunton-Rigby |
$1-$10,000
|
Over
$100,000(a) |
(a)
|
Includes the value of
compensation payable under a Deferred Compensation Plan that is determined as if the amounts deferred had been invested, as of the date of deferral, in shares of one or more funds in the Columbia Funds Complex overseen by the Director as specified
by the Director. |
(b)
|
Ms. Shaw became a Director
effective April 18, 2016; her beneficial equity ownership values are calculated as of February 16, 2016. Additionally, Ms. Shaw invested in a Section 529 Plan managed by the Investment Manager that allocates assets to various mutual funds, including
Columbia Funds. The amount shown in the aggregate dollar range of equity securities in all Funds in the Columbia Funds Complex overseen by the Director column in the table above includes the value of her interest in this plan determined as if her
investment in the plan were invested directly in the Columbia Fund pursuant to the plan’s target allocations. |
Interested Director Ownership
Board
Member |
Dollar
Range of Equity Securities Owned by Director of the Fund |
Aggregate
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in all Funds in the Columbia Funds Complex Overseen by the Director |
William
F. Truscott |
$10,001-$50,000
|
Over
$100,000(a) |
(a)
|
Includes notional investments
through a deferred compensation account. Mr. Truscott’s deferred compensation plan is separate from that of the Independent Directors. |
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Compensation
Total compensation. The following table shows the total compensation paid to Independent Directors for their services from all the Funds in the Columbia Funds Complex overseen by the Director, as well as from the Fund,
for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.
Mr. Truscott is not compensated for his services on
the Board.
Director
Name(a) |
Total
Cash Compensation from the Columbia Funds Complex Paid to Director(b)(e) |
Amount
Deferred from Total Compensation(c) |
Kathleen
Blatz |
$317,500
|
$0
|
Pamela
G. Carlton |
$292,500
|
$43,125
|
William
P. Carmichael |
$391,833
|
$0
|
Patricia
M. Flynn |
$292,500
|
$292,500
|
William
A. Hawkins(d) |
$313,667
|
$92,850
|
Catherine
James Paglia |
$312,500
|
$156,250
|
Leroy
C. Richie(d) |
$295,000
|
$0
|
Minor
M. Shaw(d) |
$287,500
|
$143,750
|
Allison
Taunton-Rigby |
$295,000
|
$295,000
|
(a)
|
Director compensation is paid
by the Funds and is comprised of a combination of a base fee and meeting fees, with the exception of the Chair of the Board, who receives a base annual compensation. Payment of compensation is administered by a company providing limited
administrative services to the Funds and to the Board. |
(b)
|
Includes any portion of cash
compensation Directors elected to defer during the fiscal period. |
(c)
|
The Directors may elect to
defer a portion of the total cash compensation payable. Additional information regarding the Deferred Compensation Plan is described below. |
(d)
|
Mr. Richie served as a Director
until April 18, 2016. Mr. Hawkins became a Director effective March 2, 2015 and Ms. Shaw became a Director effective April 18, 2016; prior thereto (and during 2015), Mr. Hawkins and Ms. Shaw served as trustees to other funds in the Columbia Family
of Funds. |
(e)
|
For the year ended December 31,
2015, there were 127 funds in the Columbia Funds Complex overseen by the Directors, including the Fund, except for Mr. Truscott, who served 186 portfolios. |
In addition to the above compensation, all Directors
receive reimbursements for reasonable expenses related to their attendance at meetings of the Board or standing committees, which are not included in the amounts shown.
Directors did not accrue any pension or retirement
benefits as part of Fund expenses, nor will they receive any annual benefits upon retirement.
Deferred Compensation
Plan. The Independent Directors may elect to defer payment of up to 100% of the compensation they receive in accordance with a Deferred Compensation
Plan (the Deferred Plan). Under the Deferred Plan, a Director may elect to have his or her deferred compensation treated as if it had been invested in shares of one or more funds in the Columbia Funds Complex, and the amount paid to the Director
under the Deferred Plan will be determined based on the performance of such investments. Distributions may be taken in a lump sum or over a period of years. The Deferred Plan will remain unfunded for federal income tax purposes under the Code, and
all amounts payable under the Deferred Plan constitute a general unsecured obligation of the Funds. It is anticipated that deferral of Director compensation in accordance with the Deferred Plan will have, at most, a negligible impact on Fund assets
and liabilities.
The Independent
Directors have a policy that each Director invests in shares of one or more of the Funds (including the Columbia closed-end funds) overseen by the Director (including shares held in the Deferred Compensation Plan) in an aggregate amount that is at
least equal to the annual total compensation received by the Director from the Columbia Fund Complex. All Independent Directors meet this standard.
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Compensation from the Fund. The following table shows the compensation paid to Independent Trustees from the Fund during its last fiscal period, as well as the amount deferred from the
Fund, which is included in the total.
Director
Name |
Total
Cash Compensation from the Fund Paid to Director |
Amount
Deferred from Compensation |
Kathleen
Blatz |
$6,719
|
$0
|
Pamela
G. Carlton |
$6,719
|
$1,008
|
William
P. Carmichael |
$6,168
|
$0
|
Patricia
M. Flynn |
$6,719
|
$6,719
|
William
A. Hawkins(a) |
$5,710
|
$2,016
|
Catherine
James Paglia |
$6,719
|
$3,359
|
Leroy
C. Richie(b) |
$6,719
|
$0
|
Minor
M. Shaw(b) |
N/A
|
N/A
|
Allison
Taunton-Rigby |
$6,719
|
$6,719
|
(a)Mr. Hawkins became a Director
effective March 2, 2015; therefore, reporting information is for the period from March 2, 2015 through December 31, 2015.
(b) |
Mr. Richie served as a Director
until April 18, 2016. Ms. Shaw became a Director effective April 18, 2016; prior thereto (and during 2015), Ms. Shaw served as trustee to other funds in the Columbia Family of Funds. |
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BROKERAGE ALLOCATION AND RELATED PRACTICES
General Brokerage Policy, Brokerage Transactions and Broker
Selection
Subject to policies established by
the Board, as well as the terms of the Management Agreement, the Investment Manager (and/or the investment subadviser(s) who makes the day-to-day investment decisions for all or a portion of a Fund’s net assets) is responsible for decisions to
buy and sell securities and other instruments and assets for a Fund, for the selection of broker-dealers, for the execution of a Fund’s transactions and for the allocation of brokerage commissions in connection with such transactions. The
Investment Manager effects transactions for the Fund consistent with its duty to seek best execution of client (including the Funds) orders under the circumstances of the particular transaction. Purchases and sales of securities on a securities
exchange are effected through broker-dealers who charge negotiated commissions for their services. Orders may be directed to any broker-dealer to the extent and in the manner permitted by applicable law and by the policies and procedures of the
Investment Manager and/or any investment subadvisers.
In the over-the-counter market, securities generally
are traded on a “net” basis with dealers acting as principals for their own accounts without stated commissions, although the price of a security usually includes a profit to the dealer. In underwritten offerings, securities are bought
at a fixed price that includes an amount of compensation to the underwriter, generally referred to as the underwriter’s “concession” or “discount.” On occasion, certain money market instruments may be bought directly
from an issuer, in which case no commissions or discounts are paid.
The Investment Manager effects security transactions
for the Funds consistent with its duty to seek best execution of client (including the Funds) orders under the circumstances of the particular transaction. In seeking such execution, the Investment Manager will use its best judgment in evaluating
the terms of a transaction, and will give consideration to various relevant factors, including, without limitation, the size and type of the transaction, the nature and character of the market for the security or other instrument or asset, the
confidentiality, speed and certainty of effective execution required for the transaction, the general execution and operational capabilities of the broker-dealer, the reputation, reliability, experience and financial condition of the broker-dealer,
the value and quality of the services rendered by the broker-dealer in this instance and other transactions and the reasonableness of the spread or commission, if any. Research services received from broker-dealers supplement the Investment
Manager’s own research and may include the following types of information: statistical and background information on industry groups and individual companies; forecasts and interpretations with respect to U.S. and foreign economies,
securities, markets, specific industry groups and individual companies; information on political developments; Fund management strategies; performance information on securities and other instruments and assets and information concerning prices of
same; and information supplied by specialized services to the Investment Manager and to the Board with respect to the performance, investment activities and fees and expenses of other funds. Such information may be communicated electronically,
orally or in written form.
Broker-dealers may,
from time to time, arrange meetings with management of companies and provide access to consultants who supply research information. The outside research is useful to the Investment Manager since, in certain instances, the broker-dealers utilized by
the Investment Manager may follow a different universe of issuers and other matters than those that the Investment Manager’s staff follow. In addition, this research provides the Investment Manager with a different perspective on investment
matters, even if the securities research obtained relates to issuers followed by the Investment Manager.
Research services that are provided to the
Investment Manager by broker-dealers are available for the benefit of all accounts managed or advised by the Investment Manager. In some cases, the research services are available only from the broker-dealer providing such services. In other cases,
the research services may be obtainable from alternative sources. Broker-dealer research typically supplements rather than replaces the Investment Manager’s own research, tending to improve the quality of its investment advice. However, to the
extent that the Investment Manager would have bought any such research services had such services not been provided by broker-dealers, the expenses of such services to the Investment Manager could be considered to have been reduced accordingly.
Certain research services furnished by broker-dealers may be useful to the clients of the Investment Manager other than the Funds. Conversely, any research services received by the Investment Manager through the placement of transactions of other
clients may be of value to the Investment Manager in fulfilling its obligations to the Funds. The Investment Manager is of the opinion that this material is beneficial in supplementing its research and analysis; and, therefore, it may benefit the
Funds by improving the quality of the Investment Manager’s investment advice. The advisory fees paid by the Funds are not reduced because the Investment Manager receives such services.
Under Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act, the Investment
Manager shall not be “deemed to have acted unlawfully or to have breached its fiduciary duty” solely because under certain circumstances it has caused the account to pay a higher commission than the lowest available. To obtain the
benefit of Section 28(e), the Investment Manager must make a good faith determination that the commissions paid are “reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such member, broker, or dealer, viewed
in terms of either that particular transaction or his overall responsibilities with respect to the accounts as to which he exercises investment discretion.” Accordingly, the price to a Fund in any transaction may be less favorable than
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that available from another broker-dealer if the difference is
reasonably justified by other aspects of the portfolio execution services offered. Some broker-dealers may indicate that the provision of research services is dependent upon the generation of certain specified levels of commissions and underwriting
concessions by the Investment Manager’s clients, including the Funds.
The Investment Manager does not consider sales of
shares of the Funds as a factor in the selection of broker-dealers through which to execute securities transactions on behalf of the Funds. On a periodic basis, the Investment Manager makes a comprehensive review of the broker-dealers and the
overall reasonableness of their commissions, including review by an independent third-party evaluator. The review evaluates execution, operational efficiency, and research services.
Commission rates are established pursuant to
negotiations with broker-dealers based on the quality and quantity of execution services provided by broker-dealers in light of generally prevailing rates. On exchanges on which commissions are negotiated, the cost of transactions may vary among
different broker-dealers. Transactions on foreign stock exchanges involve payment of brokerage commissions that generally are fixed. Transactions in both foreign and domestic over-the-counter markets generally are principal transactions with
dealers, and the costs of such transactions involve dealer spreads rather than brokerage commissions. With respect to over-the-counter transactions, the Investment Manager, where possible, will deal directly with dealers who make a market in the
securities involved, except in those circumstances in which better prices and execution are available elsewhere.
The Investment Manager or a subadviser, if
applicable, may use step-out transactions. A “step-out” is an arrangement in which the Investment Manager or subadviser executes a trade through one broker-dealer but instructs that broker-dealer to step-out all or a part of the trade to
another broker-dealer. The second broker-dealer will clear and settle, and receive commissions for, the stepped-out portion. The Investment Manager or subadviser may receive research products and services in connection with step-out
transactions.
Use of Fund commissions may
create potential conflicts of interest between the Investment Manager or subadviser and a Fund. However, the Investment Manager and each subadviser has policies and procedures in place intended to mitigate these conflicts and ensure that the use of
fund commissions falls within the “safe harbor” of Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act. Some products and services may be used for both investment decision-making and non-investment decision-making purposes (“mixed use” items). The
Investment Manager and each subadviser, to the extent it has mixed use items, has procedures in place to assure that Fund commissions pay only for the investment decision-making portion of a mixed-use item.
Some broker-dealers with whom the Investment
Manager’s Fixed Income Department executes trades provide the Fixed Income Department with proprietary research products and services, though the Fixed Income Department does not put in place any client commission arrangements with such
broker-dealers. However, such research may be considered by the Fixed Income Department when determining which broker-dealers to include on its approved broker-dealer list. It is the Investment Manager’s policy not to execute a fixed income
trade with a broker-dealer at a lower bid/higher offer than that provided by another broker-dealer in consideration of the value of research products and services received by the Fixed Income Department.
In certain instances, there may be securities that
are suitable for a Fund as well as for one or more of the other clients of the Investment Manager. Investment decisions for the Funds and for the Investment Manager’s other clients are made with the goal of achieving their respective
investment objectives. A particular security may be bought or sold for only one client even though it may be held by, or bought or sold for, other clients. Likewise, a particular security may be bought for one or more clients when one or more other
clients are selling that same security. Some simultaneous transactions are inevitable when a number of accounts receive investment advice from the same investment adviser, particularly when the same security is suitable for the investment objectives
of more than one client. When two or more clients are engaged simultaneously in the purchase or sale of the same security, the securities are allocated among clients in a manner believed to be equitable to each. In some cases, this policy could have
a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security in a particular transaction that may affect the Funds.
The Investment Manager operates several separate
trading desks in different geographic locations in the United States. The trading desks support different portfolio management teams managing a variety of accounts and products. Nevertheless, the equity desks are functionally and operationally
integrated so as to operate as one virtual desk. The fixed income desks, however, function and operate separately but can provide support to each other to assure the continuation of services if necessary. By operating the fixed income trading desks
in this manner, the Funds may forego certain opportunities including the aggregation of trades across accounts that trade on different trading desks, which could result in one trading desk competing with another in the market for similar trades. In
addition, it is possible that the separate fixed income trading desks may be on opposite sides of a trade at the same time. While the trading desks operate in several locations, the desks do have linkages in oversight and reporting lines and are
generally conducted under similar policies and procedures. In addition, certain fixed income portfolio managers currently have the authority to execute trades themselves.
As the Investment Manager seeks to enhance its
investment capabilities and services to its clients, including the Funds, the Investment Manager may engage certain of its investment advisory affiliates (Participating Affiliates) around the world to provide a variety of services. For example, the
Investment Manager may engage Participating Affiliates and their personnel to
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provide (jointly or in coordination with the Investment Manager)
services relating to client relations, investment monitoring, account administration, trading and discretionary investment management (including portfolio management and risk management) to certain accounts the Investment Manager manages, including
the Funds, other pooled vehicles and separately managed accounts. In some circumstances, a Participating Affiliate may delegate responsibility for providing those services to another Participating Affiliate. In addition, the Investment Manager may
provide certain similar services to its Participating Affiliates for accounts they manage.
The Investment Manager believes that harnessing the
collective expertise of the firm and its Participating Affiliates will benefit its clients. In this regard, the Investment Manager has certain portfolio management and client servicing teams at both the firm and at Participating Affiliates (through
subadvisory or other intercompany arrangements) operating jointly to provide a better client experience. These joint teams use expanded and shared capabilities that the Investment Manager and its Participating Affiliates provide, including the
sharing of research and other information by investment personnel (e.g., portfolio managers and analysts) across the firm and at its Participating Affiliates relating to economic perspectives, market analysis
and equity and fixed income securities analysis.
Participating Affiliates may provide certain
advisory and trading-related services to certain of the Investment Manager’s accounts, including the Funds. The Investment Manager may also provide similar services to certain accounts of Participating Affiliates. The Investment Manager
believes that local trading in certain local markets will benefit its clients, including the Funds. However, such services may result in potential conflicts of interest to such accounts.
The Investment Manager has portfolio management
teams in its multiple geographic locations that may share research information regarding leveraged loans. The Investment Manager operates separate and independent trading desks in these locations for the purpose of purchasing and selling leveraged
loans. As a result, the Investment Manager does not aggregate orders in leveraged loans across portfolio management teams. For example, funds and other client accounts being managed by these portfolio management teams may purchase and sell the same
leveraged loan in the secondary market on the same day at different times and at different prices. There is also the potential for a particular account or group of accounts, including a Fund, to forego an opportunity or to receive a different
allocation (either larger or smaller) than might otherwise be obtained if the Investment Manager were to aggregate trades in leveraged loans across the portfolio management teams. Although the Investment Manager does not aggregate orders in
leveraged loans across its portfolio management teams in the multiple geographic locations, it operates in this structure subject to its duty to seek best execution.
The Funds may participate, if and when practicable,
in bidding for the purchase of portfolio securities directly from an issuer in order to take advantage of the lower purchase price available to members of a bidding group. A Fund will engage in this practice, however, only when the Investment
Manager, in its sole discretion, believes such practice to be otherwise in such Fund’s interests.
The Funds will not execute portfolio transactions
through, or buy or sell portfolio securities from or to the Investment Manager and its affiliates acting as principal (including repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements), except to the extent permitted by applicable law, regulation or order.
However, the Investment Manager is authorized to allocate buy and sell orders for portfolio securities to certain broker-dealers and financial institutions, including, in the case of agency transactions, broker-dealers and financial institutions
that are affiliated with Ameriprise Financial. To the extent that a Fund executes any securities trades with an affiliate of Ameriprise Financial, such Fund does so in conformity with Rule 17e-1 under the 1940 Act and the procedures that such Fund
has adopted pursuant to the rule. In this regard, for each transaction, the Board will determine that the transaction is effected in accordance with the Funds’ Rule 17e-1 procedures, which require: (i) the transaction resulted in prices for
and execution of securities transactions at least as favorable to the particular Fund as those likely to be derived from a non-affiliated qualified broker-dealer; (ii) the affiliated broker-dealer charged the Fund commission rates consistent with
those charged by the affiliated broker-dealer in similar transactions to clients comparable to the Fund and that are not affiliated with the broker-dealer in question; and (iii) the fees, commissions or other remuneration paid by the Fund did not
exceed 2% of the sales price of the securities if the sale was effected in connection with a secondary distribution, or 1% of the purchase or sale price of such securities if effected in other than a secondary distribution.
Certain affiliates of Ameriprise Financial may have
deposit, loan or commercial banking relationships with the corporate users of facilities financed by industrial development revenue bonds or private activity bonds bought by certain of the Funds. Ameriprise Financial or certain of its affiliates may
serve as trustee, custodian, tender agent, guarantor, placement agent, underwriter, or in some other capacity, with respect to certain issues of securities. Under certain circumstances, a Fund may buy securities from a member of an underwriting
syndicate in which an affiliate of Ameriprise Financial is a member. The Funds have adopted procedures pursuant to Rule 10f-3 under the 1940 Act, and intend to comply with the requirements of Rule 10f-3, in connection with any purchases of
securities that may be subject to Rule 10f-3.
Given the breadth of the Investment Manager’s
investment management activities, investment decisions for the Funds are not always made independently from those other investment companies and accounts advised or managed by the Investment Manager. To the extent permitted by law, when a purchase
or sale of the same security is made at substantially the same time on
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behalf of one or more of the Funds and another investment
portfolio, investment company or account, the Investment Manager may aggregate the securities to be sold or bought for the Funds with those to be sold or bought for other investment portfolios, investment companies or accounts in executing
transactions, and such transactions will be averaged as to price and available investments allocated as to amount in a manner which the Investment Manager believes to be equitable to the Funds and such other investment portfolio, investment company
or account. In some instances, this investment procedure may adversely affect the price paid or received by a Fund or the size of the position obtained or sold by the Fund.
See Investment
Management and Other Services – Other Roles and Relationships of Ameriprise Financial and its Affiliates – Certain Conflicts of Interest for more information about these and other conflicts of interest.
Brokerage Commissions
The following charts reflect the amounts of
brokerage commissions paid by the Fund for the three most recently completed fiscal years. In certain instances, the Fund may pay brokerage commissions to broker-dealers that are affiliates of Ameriprise Financial. As indicated above, all such
transactions involving the payment of brokerage commissions to affiliates are done in compliance with Rule 17e-1 under the 1940 Act.
Aggregate Brokerage Commissions Paid by the
Funds
The following chart reflects the aggregate amount of
brokerage commissions paid by the Fund for the three most recently completed fiscal years. Differences, year to year, in the amount of brokerage commissions paid by a Fund were primarily the result of increased market volatility as well as
shareholder purchase and redemption activity in the Fund.
Total Brokerage Commissions
|
Total
Brokerage Commissions |
Fund
|
2015
|
2014
|
2013
|
For
Funds with fiscal period ending December 31 |
Tri-Continental
Corporation |
$561,134
|
$636,526
|
$588,788
|
Brokerage
Commissions Paid to Brokers Affiliated with the Investment Manager
Affiliates of the Investment Manager may engage in brokerage and
other securities transactions on behalf of a Fund according to procedures adopted by the Board and to the extent consistent with applicable provisions of the federal securities laws. Subject to approval by the Board, the same conditions apply to
transactions with broker-dealer affiliates of any Fund subadviser. The Investment Manager will use an affiliate only if (i) the Investment Manager determines that the Fund will receive prices and executions at least as favorable as those offered by
qualified independent brokers performing similar brokerage and other services for the Fund and (ii) the affiliate charges the Fund commission rates consistent with those the affiliate charges comparable unaffiliated customers in similar transactions
and if such use is consistent with terms of the Management Agreement.
No brokerage commissions were paid by the Fund in
the last three fiscal periods to brokers affiliated with the Fund's Investment Manager or any subadvisers, unless otherwise shown in the following table.
|
Broker
|
Nature
of Affiliation |
Aggregate
dollar amount of commissions paid to broker |
Percent
of aggregate brokerage commissions |
Percent
of aggregate dollar amount of transactions involving payment of commissions |
Aggregate
dollar amount of commissions paid to broker |
Aggregate
dollar amount of commissions paid to broker |
Fund
|
2015
|
2014
|
2013
|
For
Funds with fiscal period ending December 31 |
Tri-Continental
Corporation |
Merrill
Lynch Pierce Fenner Smith (MLPFS) |
(1)
|
$0
|
0.00%
|
2.43%
|
$3,556
|
$480
|
(1)
|
Prior to May 1, 2010, MLPFS
(as of January 1, 2009) and other broker-dealers affiliated with BANA were affiliated broker-dealers of the Fund by virtue of being under common control with the Previous Adviser. The affiliation created by this relationship ended on May 1, 2010,
when the investment advisory agreement with the Previous Adviser was terminated and the Fund entered into a new investment management services agreement with the Investment Manager. However, BANA, on behalf of its fiduciary accounts, continues to
have investments in certain of the Columbia Funds. The amounts shown include any brokerage commissions paid to MLPFS after May 1, 2010. |
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of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
91
|
Directed Brokerage
The Fund or the Investment Manager, through an
agreement or understanding with a broker-dealer, or otherwise through an internal allocation procedure, may direct, subject to applicable legal requirements, the Fund's brokerage transactions to a broker-dealer because of the research services it
provides the Fund or the Investment Manager.
Reported numbers include third party soft dollar
commissions and portfolio manager directed commissions directed for research. The Investment Manager also receives proprietary research from brokers, but these amounts have not been included in the table.
During the Fund’s
most recent applicable fiscal year, the Fund directed certain brokerage transactions and paid related commissions in the amounts as follows:
Brokerage Directed for Research
|
Brokerage
directed for research |
Fund
|
Amount
of Transactions |
Amount
of Commissions Imputed or Paid |
For
Funds with fiscal period ending December 31 |
Tri-Continental
Corporation |
$310,776,977
|
$139,257
|
Securities of Regular
Broker-Dealers
In certain cases, the Fund, as
part of its principal investment strategies, or otherwise as a permissible investment, will invest in the common stock or debt obligations of the regular broker-dealers that the Investment Manager uses to transact brokerage for the Fund.
As of the Fund’s most recent
applicable fiscal year end, the Fund owned securities of its “regular brokers or dealers” or its parents, as defined in Rule 10b-1 under the 1940 Act, as shown in the table below:
Investments in Securities of Regular Brokers or Dealers
Fund
|
Issuer
|
Value
of securities owned at end of fiscal period |
For
Funds with fiscal period ending December 31, 2015 |
Tri-Continental
Corporation |
Citigroup,
Inc. |
$16,472,025
|
Citigroup
Capital XIII |
$8,056,900
|
JPMorgan
Chase & Co. |
$22,166,271
|
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of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
92
|
TAXATION
The following information supplements and should be
read in conjunction with the section in the Fund’s prospectus entitled Dividend Policy and Taxes. The prospectus generally describes the U.S. federal income tax treatment of the Fund and its
stockholders. This section of the SAI provides additional information concerning U.S. federal income taxes. It is based on the Code, applicable U.S. Treasury Regulations, judicial authority, and administrative rulings and practice, all as in effect
as of the date of this SAI and all of which are subject to change, including changes with retroactive effect. The following discussion does not address any state, local or foreign tax matters. Except as otherwise noted, it may not apply to certain
types of shareholders who may be subject to special rules, such as insurance companies, tax-exempt organizations, shareholders holding Fund shares through tax-advantaged accounts (such as 401(k) Plan Accounts or Individual Retirement Accounts,
variable annuity contracts or variable life insurance contracts), financial institutions, broker-dealers, entities that are not organized under the laws of the United States or a political subdivision thereof, persons who are neither citizens nor
residents of the United States, shareholders holding Fund shares as part of a hedge, straddle, or conversion transaction, and shareholders who are subject to the U.S. federal alternative minimum tax.
The Fund has not requested and will not request an
advance ruling from the IRS as to the U.S. federal income tax matters described below. The IRS could adopt positions contrary to those discussed below and such positions could be sustained. In addition, the following discussion and the discussions
in the prospectus address only some of the U.S. federal income tax considerations generally affecting investments in the Fund. Prospective shareholders are urged to consult with their own tax advisors and financial planners regarding the U.S.
federal tax consequences of an investment in the Fund, the application of state, local, or foreign laws, and the effect of any possible changes in applicable tax laws on their investment in the Fund.
Qualification as a Regulated Investment Company
It is intended that the Fund qualify as a “regulated
investment company” under Subchapter M of Subtitle A, Chapter 1 of the Code.
In order to qualify for the special tax treatment
accorded regulated investment companies and their stockholders under the Code, the Fund must, among other things, derive at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year generally from (i) dividends, interest, certain payments with respect to
securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income attributable to its business of investing in such stock, securities or foreign currencies (including, but not limited to, gains
from options, futures or forward contracts) and (ii) net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership, as defined below. In general, for purposes of this 90% gross income requirement, income derived from a partnership
(other than a qualified publicly traded partnership) will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership which would be qualifying income if realized directly by the regulated
investment company. However, 100% of the net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership (generally, defined as a partnership (x) the interests in which are traded on an established securities market or readily
tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof, and (y) that derives less than 90% of its gross income from the qualifying income described in clause (i) above) will be treated as qualifying income. In general, such entities
will be treated as partnerships for federal income tax purposes if they meet the passive income requirement under Code Section 7704(c)(2). Certain of the Fund’s investments in master limited partnerships (MLPs) and ETFs, if any, may qualify as
interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships. In addition, although in general the passive loss rules do not apply to a regulated investment company, such rules do apply to a regulated investment company with respect to items attributable to
an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership.
The Fund must also diversify its holdings so that,
at the end of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year: (i) at least 50% of the fair market value of its total assets consists of (A) cash and cash items (including receivables), U.S. Government securities and securities of other regulated
investment companies, and (B) other securities, of any one issuer (other than those described in clause (A)) to the extent such securities do not exceed 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and are not more than 10% of the outstanding
voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is invested in, including through corporations in which the Fund owns a 20% or more voting stock interest, the securities of any one issuer
(other than those described in clause (i)(A)), the securities (other than securities of other regulated investment companies) of two or more issuers the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same, similar, or related trades or businesses, or
the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships.
In addition, for purposes of meeting this
diversification requirement, the term “outstanding voting securities of such issuer” includes the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership and in the case of the Fund’s investments in loan participations, the
Fund shall treat both the financial intermediary and the issuer of the underlying loan as an issuer. The qualifying income and diversification requirements described above may limit the extent to which the Fund can engage in certain derivative
transactions, as well as the extent to which it can invest in MLPs and certain commodity-linked ETFs.
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of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
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|
In addition, the Fund generally must distribute to
its shareholders at least 90% of its investment company taxable income for the taxable year, which generally includes its ordinary income and the excess of any net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss, and at least 90% of its net
tax-exempt interest income (if any) for the taxable year.
If the Fund qualifies as a regulated investment
company that is accorded special tax treatment, it generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any of the investment company taxable income and net capital gain (i.e., the excess of net
long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) it distributes to its shareholders. The Fund generally intends to distribute at least annually substantially all of its investment company taxable income (computed without regard to the
dividends-paid deduction) and its net capital gain. However, no assurance can be given that the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation. Any investment company taxable income or net capital gain retained by the Fund will be subject
to tax at regular corporate rates.
If the Fund
retains any net capital gain, it will be subject to a tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained, but may designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gains in a notice mailed within 60 days of the close of the Fund’s
taxable year to its shareholders, who (i) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their shares of such undistributed amount, and (ii) will be entitled to credit their proportionate
shares of the tax paid by the Fund on such undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds to the extent the credit exceeds such liabilities. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of
shares owned by a shareholder of the Fund will be increased by an amount equal under current law to the difference between the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder’s gross income under clause (i) of the preceding
sentence and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder under clause (ii) of the preceding sentence.
In determining its net capital gain, including in
connection with determining the amount available to support a Capital Gain Dividend (as defined below), its taxable income, and its earnings and profits, a regulated investment company generally may elect to treat part or all of any post-October
capital loss (defined as any net capital loss attributable to the portion of the taxable year after October 31 or, if there is no such loss, the net long-term capital loss or net short-term capital loss attributable to such portion of the taxable
year) or late-year ordinary loss (generally, the sum of its (i) net ordinary loss from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property, attributable to the portion of the taxable year after October 31, if any, and its (ii) other net
ordinary loss attributable to the portion of the taxable year after December 31) as if incurred in the succeeding taxable year.
In order to comply with the distribution
requirements described above applicable to regulated investment companies, the Fund generally must make the distributions in the same taxable year that it realizes the income and gain, although in certain circumstances, the Fund may make the
distributions in the following taxable year in respect of income and gains from the prior taxable year. Shareholders generally are taxed on any distributions from the Fund in the year they are actually distributed. If the Fund declares a
distribution to shareholders of record in October, November or December of one calendar year and pays the distribution in January of the following calendar year, however, the Fund and its shareholders will be treated as if the Fund paid the
distribution on December 31 of the earlier year.
If the Fund were to fail to meet the income,
diversification or distribution tests described above, the Fund could in some cases cure such failure including by paying a fund-level tax or interest, making additional distributions, or disposing of certain assets. If the Fund were ineligible to
or otherwise did not cure such failure for any year, or were otherwise to fail to qualify and be eligible for treatment as a regulated investment company accorded special tax treatment under the Code, it would be taxed in the same manner as an
ordinary corporation without any deduction for its distributions to shareholders. In this case, all distributions from the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits (including any distributions of its net tax-exempt income and net
long-term capital gains) to its shareholders would be taxable to shareholders as dividend income. In addition, the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make substantial distributions before
requalifying as a regulated investment company.
Excise Tax
If the Fund fails to distribute by December 31 of each calendar
year at least the sum of 98% of its ordinary income for that year (excluding capital gains and losses) and 98.2% of its capital gain net income (adjusted for net ordinary losses) for the 1-year period ending on October 31 of that year (or November
30 or December 31 of that year if the Fund is permitted to elect and so elects), and any of its ordinary income and capital gain net income from previous years that were not distributed during such years, the Fund will be subject to a nondeductible
4% excise tax on the undistributed amounts. For these purposes, ordinary gains and losses from the sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of property that would be properly taken into account after October 31 of a calendar year (or November 30
or December 31 if the Fund is permitted to elect and so elects) are generally treated as arising on January 1 of the following calendar year. For purposes of the excise tax, the Fund will be treated as having distributed any amount on which it has
been subject to corporate income tax in the taxable year ending within the calendar year. The Fund generally intends to actually distribute or be deemed to have distributed substantially all of its ordinary income and capital gain net income, if
any, by the end of each calendar year and, thus, expects not to be subject to the excise tax. However,
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of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
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|
no assurance can be given that the Fund will not be subject to the
excise tax. Moreover, the Fund reserves the right to pay an excise tax rather than make an additional distribution when circumstances warrant (for example, if the amount of excise tax to be paid is deemed de minimis by the Fund).
Capital Loss Carryovers
Capital losses in excess of capital gains (“net capital
losses”) are not permitted to be deducted against the Fund’s net investment income. Instead, potentially subject to certain limitations, the Fund is able to carry forward a net capital loss from any taxable year to offset its capital
gains, if any, realized during a subsequent taxable year.
If the Fund incurs or has incurred net capital
losses in taxable years beginning after December 22, 2010 (“post-2010 losses”), those losses will be carried forward to one or more subsequent taxable years without expiration; any such carryover losses will retain their character as
short-term or long-term. If the Fund incurred net capital losses in a taxable year beginning on or before December 22, 2010 (“pre-2011 losses”), the Fund is permitted to carry such losses forward for eight taxable years; in the year to
which they are carried over, such losses are treated as short-term capital losses that first offset short-term capital gains, and then offset any long-term capital gains. The Fund must use any post-2010 losses, which will not expire, before it uses
any pre-2011 losses. This increases the likelihood that pre-2011 losses will expire unused at the conclusion of the eight-year carryover period.
Capital gains that are offset by carried forward
capital losses are not subject to fund-level U.S. federal income taxation, regardless of whether they are distributed to shareholders. Accordingly, the Fund does not expect to distribute any capital gains so offset. The Fund cannot carry back or
carry forward any net operating losses (defined as deductions and ordinary losses in excess of ordinary income).
Fund
|
Total
Capital Loss Carryovers |
Amount
Expiring in |
|
Amount
not Expiring |
2016
|
2017
|
2018
|
2019
|
|
Short-term
|
Long-term
|
For
Funds with fiscal period ending December 31 |
Tri-Continental
Corporation |
$190,492,701
|
$0
|
$190,492,701
|
$0
|
N/A
|
|
$0
|
$0
|
Taxation of Fund
Investments
In general, realized gains or losses on the sale
of securities held by the Fund will be treated as capital gains or losses, and long-term capital gains or losses if the Fund has held or is deemed to have held the securities for more than one year at the time of disposition.
If the Fund purchases a debt obligation with
original issue discount (OID) (generally a debt obligation with an issue price less than its stated principal amount, such as a zero-coupon bond), the Fund may be required to annually include in its income a portion of the OID as ordinary income,
even though the Fund will not receive cash payments for such discount until maturity or disposition of the obligation, and depending on market conditions and the credit quality of the bond, might not ever receive cash for such discount. OID on
tax-exempt bonds is generally not subject to U.S. federal income tax (but may be subject to the U.S. federal alternative minimum tax or "AMT").
Inflation-protected bonds generally can be expected
to produce OID income as their principal amounts are adjusted upward for inflation. In general, gains recognized on the disposition of (or the receipt of any partial payment of principal on) a debt obligation (including a municipal obligation)
purchased by the Fund at a market discount, generally at a price less than its principal amount, will be treated as ordinary income to the extent of the portion of market discount which accrued, but was not previously recognized pursuant to an
available election, during the term that the Fund held the debt obligation.
The Fund generally will be required to make
distributions to shareholders representing the OID or market discount (if an election is made by the Fund to include market discount over the holding period of the applicable debt obligation) on debt securities that is currently includible in
income, even though the cash representing such income may not have been received by the Fund, and depending on market conditions and the credit quality of the bond, might not ever be received. Cash to pay such distributions may be obtained from
borrowing or from sales proceeds of securities held by the Fund which the Fund otherwise might have continued to hold; obtaining such cash might be disadvantageous for the Fund. In addition, payment-in-kind securities similarly will give rise to
income which is required to be distributed and is taxable even though the Fund receives no cash interest payment on the security during the year. A portion of the interest paid or accrued on certain high-yield discount obligations (such as
high-yield corporate debt securities) may not (and interest paid on debt obligations owned by the Fund that are considered for tax purposes to be payable in the equity of the issuer or a related party will not) be deductible to the issuer, possibly
affecting the cash flow of the issuer.
If the
Fund invests in debt obligations that are in the lowest rating categories or are unrated, including debt obligations of issuers not currently paying interest or who are in default, special tax issues may exist for the Fund. Tax rules are not
entirely clear about issues such as: (1) whether the Fund should recognize market discount on a debt obligation and, if so, (2) the amount of market discount the Fund should recognize, (3) when the Fund may cease to accrue interest, OID or market
discount, (4) when and to
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of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
95
|
what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless
securities and (5) how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income. These and other related issues will be addressed by a Fund when, as and if it invests in such securities, in order to seek to ensure
that it distributes sufficient income to preserve its eligibility for treatment as a regulated investment company and does not become subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax.
Very generally, when the Fund purchases a bond at a
price that exceeds the redemption price at maturity – that is, at a premium – the premium is amortizable over the remaining term of the bond.
If an option granted by the Fund is sold, lapses or
is otherwise terminated through a closing transaction, such as a repurchase by the Fund of the option from its holder, the Fund generally will realize a short-term capital gain or loss, depending on whether the premium income is greater or less than
the amount paid by the Fund in the closing transaction, unless the option is subject to Section 1256 of the Code, described below. Some capital losses realized by the Fund in the sale, exchange, exercise or other disposition of an option may be
deferred if they result from a position that is part of a “straddle,” discussed below. If securities are sold by the Fund pursuant to the exercise of a covered call option granted by it, the Fund generally will add the premium received
to the sale price of the securities delivered in determining the amount of gain or loss on the sale. If securities are purchased by the Fund pursuant to the exercise of a put option granted by it, the Fund generally will subtract the premium
received from its cost basis in the securities purchased.
Some regulated futures contracts, foreign currency
contracts, and non-equity, listed options that may be used by the Fund will be deemed “Section 1256 contracts.” The Fund will be required to “mark to market” any such contracts held at the end of the taxable year by treating
them as if they had been sold on the last day of that year at market value. Sixty percent of any net gain or loss realized on all dispositions of Section 1256 contracts, including deemed dispositions under the “mark-to-market” rule,
generally will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and the remaining 40% will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss, although certain foreign currency gains and losses from such contracts may be treated as entirely ordinary income
or loss as described below. These provisions may require the Fund to recognize income or gains without a concurrent receipt of cash. Transactions that qualify as designated hedges are exempt from the mark-to-market rule and the “60%/40%”
rule and may require the Fund to defer the recognition of losses on certain futures contracts, foreign currency contracts, and non-equity options.
Foreign exchange gains and losses realized by the
Fund in connection with certain transactions involving foreign currency-denominated debt securities, certain options, futures contracts, forward contracts and similar instruments relating to foreign currencies, or payables or receivables denominated
in a foreign currency are subject to Section 988 of the Code, which generally causes such gains and losses to be treated as ordinary income or loss and may affect the amount and timing of recognition of the Fund’s income. Under future U.S.
Treasury Regulations, any such transactions that are not directly related to the Fund’s investments in stock or securities (or its options contracts or futures contracts with respect to stock or securities) may have to be limited in order to
enable the Fund to satisfy the 90% qualifying income test described above. If the net foreign exchange loss exceeds the Fund’s net investment company taxable income (computed without regard to such loss) for a taxable year, the resulting
ordinary loss for such year will not be available as a carryover and thus cannot be deducted by the Fund or its shareholders in future years.
Offsetting positions held by the Fund involving
certain derivative instruments, such as forward, futures and options contracts, may be considered, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, to constitute “straddles.” “Straddles” are defined to include “offsetting
positions” in actively traded personal property. The tax treatment of “straddles” is governed by Section 1092 of the Code which, in certain circumstances, overrides or modifies the provisions of Section 1256. If the Fund is treated
as entering into a “straddle” and at least one (but not all) of the Fund’s positions in derivative contracts comprising a part of such straddle is governed by Section 1256 of the Code, described above, then such straddle could be
characterized as a “mixed straddle.” The Fund may make one or more elections with respect to “mixed straddles.” Depending upon which election is made, if any, the results with respect to the Fund may differ. Generally, to the
extent the straddle rules apply to positions established by the Fund, losses realized by the Fund may be deferred to the extent of unrealized gain in any offsetting positions. Moreover, as a result of the straddle rules, short-term capital loss on
straddle positions may be recharacterized as long-term capital loss, and long-term capital gain may be characterized as short-term capital gain. In addition, the existence of a straddle may affect the holding period of the offsetting positions. As a
result, the straddle rules could cause distributions that would otherwise constitute “qualified dividend income” or qualify for the dividends-received deduction to fail to satisfy the applicable holding period requirements. Furthermore,
the Fund may be required to capitalize, rather than deduct currently, any interest expense and carrying charges applicable to a position that is part of a straddle, including any interest on indebtedness incurred or continued to purchase or carry
any positions that are part of a straddle. The application of the straddle rules to certain offsetting Fund positions can therefore affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to shareholders, and may result in significant differences
from the amount, timing and character of distributions that would have been made by the Fund if it had not entered into offsetting positions in respect of certain of its portfolio securities.
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of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
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|
If the Fund enters into a “constructive
sale” of any appreciated financial position in stock, a partnership interest, or certain debt instruments, the Fund will be treated as if it had sold and immediately repurchased the property and must recognize gain (but not loss) with respect
to that position. A constructive sale of an appreciated financial position occurs when the Fund enters into certain offsetting transactions with respect to the same or substantially identical property, including, but not limited to: (i) a short
sale; (ii) an offsetting notional principal contract; (iii) a futures or forward contract; or (iv) other transactions identified in future U.S. Treasury Regulations. The character of the gain from constructive sales will depend upon the Fund’s
holding period in the appreciated financial position. Losses realized from a sale of a position that was previously the subject of a constructive sale will be recognized when the position is subsequently disposed of. The character of such losses
will depend upon the Fund’s holding period in the position beginning with the date the constructive sale was deemed to have occurred and the application of various loss deferral provisions in the Code. Constructive sale treatment does not
apply to certain closed transactions, including if such a transaction is closed on or before the 30th day after the close of the Fund’s taxable year and the Fund holds the appreciated financial position unhedged throughout the 60-day period
beginning with the day such transaction was closed.
The amount of long-term capital gain the Fund may
recognize from certain derivative transactions with respect to interests in certain pass-through entities is limited under the Code’s constructive ownership rules. The amount of long-term capital gain is limited to the amount of such gain the
Fund would have had if the Fund directly invested in the pass-through entity during the term of the derivative contract. Any gain in excess of this amount is treated as ordinary income. An interest charge is imposed on the amount of gain that is
treated as ordinary income.
If the Fund makes
a distribution of income received by the Fund in lieu of dividends (a “substitute payment”) with respect to securities on loan pursuant to a securities lending transaction, such income will not constitute qualified dividend income to
individual shareholders and will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders. Similar consequences may apply to repurchase and other derivative transactions. Similarly, to the extent that a Fund makes
distributions of income received by such Fund in lieu of tax-exempt interest with respect to securities on loan, such distributions will not constitute exempt-interest dividends (defined below) to shareholders.
Certain of the Fund’s investments in
derivative instruments and foreign currency-denominated instruments, as well as any of its foreign currency transactions and hedging activities, are likely to produce a difference between its book income and its taxable income. If the Fund’s
book income exceeds the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any), the distribution (if any) of such excess generally will be treated as (i) a dividend to the extent of the Fund’s remaining earnings and profits (including
earnings and profits arising from tax-exempt income), (ii) thereafter, as a return of capital to the extent of the recipient’s basis in its shares, and (iii) thereafter, as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset.
Rules governing the U.S. federal income tax aspects
of derivatives, including swap agreements, are in a developing stage and are not entirely clear in certain respects. Accordingly, while the Fund intends to account for such transactions in a manner it deems to be appropriate, an adverse
determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to these rules (which determination or guidance could be retroactive) may affect whether the Fund has made sufficient distributions, and otherwise satisfied the relevant requirements to
maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company and avoid fund-level tax. Certain requirements that must be met under the Code in order for the Fund to qualify as a regulated investment company may limit the extent to which the Fund
will be able to engage in certain derivatives.
Any investment by the Fund in equity securities of a
REIT may result in the Fund’s receipt of cash in excess of the REIT’s earnings; if the Fund distributes these amounts, these distributions could constitute a return of capital to Fund shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Dividends received by the Fund from a REIT generally will not constitute qualified dividend income and will not qualify for the dividends-received deduction.
In general, excess inclusion income allocated to
shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions), (ii) will constitute unrelated business taxable income (UBTI) to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an individual
retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan or certain other tax-exempt entities) subject to tax on UBTI, thereby potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion income, and otherwise might not be required to file a tax
return, to file a tax return and pay tax on such income, and (iii) in the case of a foreign shareholder, will not qualify for any reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax.
“Passive foreign investment companies”
(PFICs) are generally defined as foreign corporations where at least 75% of their gross income for their taxable year is income from passive sources (such as certain interest, dividends, rents and royalties, or capital gains) or at least 50% of
their assets on average produce or are held for the production of such passive income. If the Fund acquires any equity interest in a PFIC, the Fund could be subject to U.S. federal income tax and interest charges on “excess
distributions” received from the PFIC or on gain from the sale of such equity interest in the PFIC, even if all income or gain actually received by the Fund is timely distributed to its shareholders. Excess distributions and gain from the sale
of interests in PFICs may be characterized as ordinary income even though, absent the application of PFIC rules, these amounts may otherwise have been classified as capital gain.
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of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
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The Fund will not be permitted to pass through to
its shareholders any credit or deduction for these special taxes and interest charges incurred with respect to a PFIC. Elections may be available that would ameliorate these adverse tax consequences, but such elections would require the Fund to
include its share of the PFIC’s income and net capital gains annually, regardless of whether it receives any distribution from the PFIC (in the case of a “QEF election”), or to mark the gains (and to a limited extent losses) in its
interests in the PFIC “to the market” as though the Fund had sold and repurchased such interests on the last day of the Fund’s taxable year, treating such gains and losses as ordinary income and loss (in the case of a
“mark-to-market election”). The QEF and mark-to-market elections may require the Fund to recognize taxable income or gain without the concurrent receipt of cash and increase the amount required to be distributed by the Fund to avoid
taxation. Making either of these elections therefore may require the Fund to liquidate other investments prematurely to meet the minimum distribution requirements described above, which also may accelerate the recognition of gain and adversely
affect the Fund’s total return. The Fund may attempt to limit and/or manage its holdings in PFICs to minimize tax liability and/or maximize returns from these investments but there can be no assurance that it will be able to do so. Moreover,
because it is not always possible to identify a foreign corporation as a PFIC, the Fund may incur the tax and interest charges described above in some instances. Dividends paid by PFICs will not be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend
income, as defined below.
A U.S. person,
including the Fund, who owns (directly or indirectly) 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of a foreign corporation is a “U.S. Shareholder” for purposes of the controlled foreign corporation
(“CFC”) provisions of the Code. Generally, a CFC is a foreign corporation that is owned (directly, indirectly, or constructively) more than 50% (measured by voting power or value) by U.S. Shareholders. As a U.S. Shareholder, such a Fund
is required to include in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes all of a CFC’s “subpart F income,” whether or not such income is actually distributed by the CFC. Subpart F income generally includes net gains from the
disposition of stocks or securities, receipts with respect to securities loans, net gains from transactions (including futures, forward, and similar transactions) in commodities, and net payments received with respect to equity swaps and similar
derivatives. Subpart F income is treated as ordinary income, regardless of the character of the CFC’s underlying income. Net losses incurred by a CFC during a tax year do not flow through to the Fund and thus will not be available to offset
income or capital gain generated from the Fund’s other investments. In addition, net losses incurred by a CFC during a tax year generally cannot be carried forward by the CFC to offset gains realized by it in subsequent taxable years. To the
extent the Fund recognizes subpart F income in excess of actual cash distributions from a CFC, the Fund may be required to sell assets (including when it is not advantageous to do so) to generate the cash necessary to distribute as dividends to its
shareholders all of its income and gains and therefore to eliminate any tax liability at the Fund level.
In addition to the investments described above,
prospective shareholders should be aware that other investments made by the Fund may involve complex tax rules that may result in income or gain recognition by the Fund without corresponding current cash receipts. Although the Fund seeks to avoid
significant noncash income, such noncash income could be recognized by the Fund, in which case the Fund may distribute cash derived from other sources in order to meet the minimum distribution requirements described above. In this regard, the Fund
could be required at times to liquidate investments prematurely in order to satisfy its minimum distribution requirements, which may accelerate the recognition of gain and adversely affect the Fund’s total return.
Taxation of Distributions
Except for exempt-interest dividends (defined below) paid by the
Fund, distributions paid out of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, whether paid in cash or reinvested in the Fund, generally are deemed to be taxable distributions and must be reported by each shareholder who is required
to file a U.S. federal income tax return. Dividends and distributions on the Fund’s shares are generally subject to U.S. federal income tax as described herein to the extent they do not exceed the Fund’s realized income and gains, even
though such dividends and distributions may economically represent a return of a particular shareholder’s investment. Such distributions are likely to occur in respect of shares purchased at a time when the Fund’s net asset value
reflects either unrealized gains, or realized but undistributed income or gains. Such realized income and gains may be required to be distributed even when the Fund’s net asset value also reflects unrealized losses. For U.S. federal income tax
purposes, the Fund’s earnings and profits, described above, are determined at the end of the Fund’s taxable year. Distributions in excess of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will first be treated as a return
of capital up to the amount of a shareholder’s tax basis in his or her Fund shares and then as capital gain. A return of capital is not taxable, but it reduces a shareholder’s tax basis in his or her Fund shares, thus reducing any loss
or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition by the shareholder of his or her shares. The Fund may make distributions in excess of its earnings and profits to a limited extent, from time to time.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions
of investment income (except for exempt-interest dividends and qualified dividend income, each defined below) are generally taxable as ordinary income, and distributions of gains from the sale of investments that the Fund owned (or is deemed to have
owned) for one year or less will be taxable as ordinary income. Distributions properly reported by the Fund as capital gain dividends (Capital Gain Dividends) will be taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gain (to the extent such
distributions do not exceed the Fund’s actual net long-term capital gain for the taxable
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year), regardless of how long a shareholder has held Fund shares,
and do not qualify as dividends for purposes of the dividends-received deduction or as qualified dividend income (defined below). The Fund will report Capital Gain Dividends, if any, in written statements furnished to its shareholders.
Some states will not tax distributions made to
individual shareholders that are attributable to interest the Fund earns on direct obligations of the U.S. Government if the Fund meets the state’s minimum investment or reporting requirements, if any. Investments in GNMA or FNMA securities,
bankers’ acceptances, commercial paper, and repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities generally do not qualify for tax-free treatment. This exemption may not apply to corporate shareholders.
Sales and Dispositions of Fund Shares
If a shareholder sells his or her Fund shares, he or she generally
will realize a taxable capital gain or loss on the difference between the amount received for the shares and his or her tax basis in the shares. This gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if he or she has held (or is deemed to have
held) such Fund shares for more than one year at the time of the sale, and short-term capital gain or loss otherwise.
Also, if a shareholder realizes a loss on a
disposition of Fund shares, the loss will be disallowed under “wash sale” rules to the extent that he or she purchases (including through the reinvestment of dividends) substantially identical shares within the 61-day period beginning 30
days before and ending 30 days after the disposition. Any disallowed loss generally will be reflected in an adjustment to the tax basis of the purchased shares. If a shareholder receives a Capital Gain Dividend or is deemed to receive a distribution
of long-term capital gain with respect to any Fund share and such Fund share is held or treated as held for six months or less, then (unless otherwise disallowed) any loss on the sale of that Fund share will be treated as a long-term capital loss to
the extent of the Capital Gain Dividend or deemed long-term capital gain distribution.
Cost Basis Reporting
The Fund generally is required to report to shareholders and the
IRS gross proceeds on the sale or redemption of Fund shares. In addition, for shares purchased, including shares purchased through dividend reinvestment, on or after January 1, 2012 the Funds generally are required to provide the shareholders and
the IRS, upon the sale or redemption of Fund shares, with cost basis information about those shares as well as information about whether any gain or loss is short- or long-term and whether any loss is disallowed under the “wash sale”
rules. This reporting is not required for Fund shares held in a retirement or other tax-advantaged account. With respect to Fund shares in accounts held directly with the Fund, the Fund will calculate and report cost basis using the Fund’s
default method of average cost, unless the shareholder instructs the Fund to use a different calculation method. A Fund will not report cost basis for shares whose cost basis is uncertain or unknown to the Fund. Please visit the Columbia
Funds’ website at www.columbiathreadneedle.com/us or contact the Funds at 800.345.6611, option 3 for more information regarding average cost basis reporting and other available methods for cost basis reporting and how to select or change a
particular method or to choose specific shares to sell or redeem. The Funds do not recommend any particular method of determining cost basis. The shareholder should consult a tax advisor to determine which available cost basis method is best. When
completing U.S. federal and state income tax returns, shareholders should carefully review the cost basis and other information provided and make any additional basis, holding period or other adjustments that may be required.
U.S. Federal Income Tax Rates
The maximum stated U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to
individuals generally is 39.6% for ordinary income and 20% for net long-term capital gain (in each case, not including the 3.8% net investment income tax described below).
In general, “qualified dividend income”
is income attributable to dividends received by the Fund from certain domestic and foreign corporations, as long as certain holding period and other requirements are met by the Fund with respect to the dividend-paying corporation’s stock and
by the shareholders with respect to the Fund’s shares. If 95% or more of the Fund’s gross income (excluding net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) constitutes qualified dividend income, all of its distributions
(other than Capital Gain Dividends) will be generally treated as qualified dividend income in the hands of individual shareholders, as long as they have owned their Fund shares for at least 61 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before
the Fund’s ex-dividend date (or, in the case of certain preferred stock, 91 days during the 181-day period beginning 90 days before such date) and meet certain other requirements specified in the Code. In general, if less than 95% of the
Fund’s gross income is attributable to qualified dividend income, then only the portion of the Fund’s distributions that is attributable to qualified dividend income and reported as such in a timely manner will be so treated in the hands
of individual shareholders who meet the aforementioned holding period requirements. Qualified dividend income is taxable to individual shareholders at tax rates applicable to long-term capital gain. The rules regarding the qualification of Fund
distributions as qualified dividend income are complex, including the holding period requirements. Individual Fund shareholders therefore are urged to consult their own tax advisors and financial planners. Fixed income funds typically do not
distribute significant amounts of qualified dividend income.
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The maximum stated corporate U.S. federal income tax
rate applicable to ordinary income and net capital gain currently is 35%. Actual marginal tax rates may be higher for some shareholders, for example, through reductions in deductions. Naturally, the amount of tax payable by any taxpayer will be
affected by a combination of tax laws covering, for example, deductions, credits, deferrals, exemptions, sources of income and other matters. U.S. federal income tax rates are set to increase in future years under various “sunset”
provisions of U.S. federal income tax laws.
The Code generally imposes a 3.8% net investment
income tax on certain high-income individuals, trusts and estates. For individuals, the 3.8% tax applies to the lesser of (1) the amount (if any) by which the taxpayer’s modified adjusted gross income exceeds certain threshold amounts or (2)
the taxpayer’s “net investment income.” For this purpose, “net investment income” generally includes, among other things, (i) distributions paid by the Fund of net investment income and capital gains (other than
exempt-interest dividends)as described above, and (ii) any net gain recognized on the sale, redemption or other taxable disposition of Fund shares. Certain details of the implementation of the tax remain subject to future guidance. Shareholders are
advised to consult their tax advisors regarding the possible implications of this additional tax on their investment in the Fund.
Backup Withholding
The Fund generally is required to withhold, and remit to the U.S.
Treasury, subject to certain exemptions, an amount equal to 28% of all distributions and redemption proceeds (including proceeds from redemptions in-kind) paid or credited to the Fund shareholder if (1) the shareholder fails to furnish the Fund with
a correct “taxpayer identification number” (TIN) or has not certified to the Fund that withholding does not apply or (2) the IRS notifies the Fund that the shareholder’s TIN is incorrect or the shareholder is otherwise subject to
backup withholding. These backup withholding rules may also apply to distributions that are properly reported as exempt-interest dividends (defined above). This backup withholding is not an additional tax imposed on the shareholder. The shareholder
may apply amounts required to be withheld as a credit against his or her future U.S. federal income tax liability, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS. If a shareholder fails to furnish a valid TIN upon request, the
shareholder can also be subject to IRS penalties.
Tax-Deferred Plans
The shares of the Fund may be available for a variety of
tax-deferred retirement and other tax-advantaged plans and accounts. Prospective investors should contact their tax advisors and financial planners regarding the tax consequences to them of holding Fund shares through such plans and/or
accounts.
Corporate Shareholders
Subject to limitations and other rules, a corporate shareholder of
the Fund may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction on Fund distributions attributable to dividends received by the Fund from domestic corporations, which, if received directly by the corporate shareholder, would qualify for such a
deduction. For eligible corporate shareholders, the dividends-received deduction may be subject to certain reductions, and a distribution by the Fund attributable to dividends of a domestic corporation will be eligible for the deduction only if
certain holding period and other requirements are met. These requirements are complex; therefore, corporate shareholders of the Funds are urged to consult their own tax advisors and financial planners.
As discussed above, a portion of the interest paid
or accrued on certain high-yield discount obligations that the Fund may own may not be deductible to the issuer. If a portion of the interest paid or accrued on these obligations is not deductible, that portion will be treated as a dividend. In such
cases, if the issuer of the obligation is a domestic corporation, dividend payments by the Fund may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction to the extent of the dividend portion of such interest.
Foreign Shareholders
For purposes of this discussion, “foreign shareholders”
generally include: (i) nonresident alien individuals, (ii) foreign trusts (i.e., a trust other than a trust with respect to which a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over administration of
that trust and one or more U.S. persons have authority to control substantial decisions of that trust), (iii) foreign estates (i.e., the income of which is not subject to U.S. tax regardless of source), and
(iv) foreign corporations.
Distributions by a
Fund made to foreign shareholders that are not “U.S. persons” within the meaning of the Code properly reported by a Fund as (1) Capital Gain Dividends, (2) short-term capital gain dividends, and (3) interest-related dividends, each as
defined below, generally are not subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax. In general, the Code defines (1) “short-term capital gain dividends” as distributions of net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term capital
losses and (2) “interest-related dividends” as distributions from U.S. source interest income of types similar to those not subject to U.S. federal income tax if earned directly by an individual foreign shareholder, in each case to the
extent such distributions are properly reported as such by the Fund in a written notice to shareholders. The exceptions to withholding for Capital Gain Dividends and short-term capital gain dividends do not apply to (A) distributions to an
individual foreign shareholder who is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the distribution and (B) distributions attributable to gain that is (or is treated as) effectively connected
with the conduct by the foreign shareholder of a trade or business within the United States, including distributions subject to special rules regarding the disposition of U.S. real
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property interests as described below. The exception to withholding
for interest-related dividends does not apply to distributions to a foreign shareholder (i) that has not provided a satisfactory statement that the beneficial owner is not a U.S. person, (ii) to the extent that the dividend is attributable to
certain interest on an obligation if the foreign shareholder is the issuer or is a 10% shareholder of the issuer, (iii) that is within certain foreign countries that have inadequate information exchange with the United States, or (iv) to the extent
the dividend is attributable to interest paid by a person that is a related person of the foreign shareholder and the foreign shareholder is a controlled foreign corporation.
A Fund is permitted to report such part of its
dividends as interest-related and/or short-term capital gain dividends as are eligible, but is not required to do so. In the case of shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary may withhold even if a Fund reports all or a portion of a
payment as a short-term capital gain or interest-related dividend. Foreign shareholders should contact their intermediaries regarding the application of these rules to their accounts.
Distributions by a Fund to foreign shareholders
other than Capital Gain Dividends, short-term capital gain dividends, and interest-related dividends (e.g., dividends attributable to foreign-source dividend and interest income or to short-term capital gains or U.S. source interest income to which
the exception from withholding description above does not apply) are generally subject to U.S. federal income tax withheld at a rate of 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate).
In general, a foreign shareholder is not subject to
U.S. federal income tax and withholding on gains (and is not allowed a deduction for losses) realized on the disposition of shares of a Fund unless: (i) such gain is effectively connected with the conduct by the foreign shareholder of a trade or
business within the United States, (ii) in the case of a foreign shareholder that is an individual, the shareholder is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of disposition and certain other
conditions are met, or (iii) the special rules relating to gain attributable to the sale or exchange of “U.S. real property interests” (“USRPIs”) apply to the foreign shareholder’s sale of shares of the Fund (as
described below).
Special rules apply if a
Fund were a qualified investment entity ("QIE") because it is either a “U.S. real property holding corporation” (USRPHC) or would be a USRPHC but for the operation of certain exceptions to the definition of USRPIs described below.
Generally, a USRPHC is a domestic corporation that
holds USRPIs the fair market value of which equals or exceeds 50% of the sum of the fair market values of the corporation’s USRPIs, interests in real property located outside the United States and other trade or business assets.
USRPIs are generally defined as any interest in U.S.
real property and any interest (other than solely as a creditor) in a USRPHC or, very generally, an entity that has been a USRPHC in the last five years. A Fund that holds, directly or indirectly, significant interests in real estate investment
trusts (“REITs”), may be a USRPHC. Interests in: (i) domestically controlled QIEs, including REITs and RICs that are QIEs, (ii) not-greater-than 10% interests in publicly traded classes of stock in REITs, and (iii) not-greater-than-5%
interests in publicly traded classes of stock in RICs, generally are not USRPIs, but these exceptions do not apply for purposes of determining whether a Fund is a QIE.
If an interest in a Fund were a USRPI, the Fund
would be required to withhold U.S. tax on the proceeds of a share redemption by a greater-than-5% foreign shareholder, in which case such foreign shareholder generally would also be required to file U.S. tax returns and pay any additional taxes due
in connection with the redemption.
Moreover,
if a Fund were a USRPHC or, very generally, had been one in the last five years, it would be required to withhold on amounts distributed to a greater-than-5% foreign shareholder to the extent such amounts would not be treated as a dividend, i.e.,
are in excess of the Fund’s current and accumulated “earnings and profits” for the applicable tax year. Such withholding generally is not required if the Fund is a domestically controlled QIE.
If a Fund is a QIE, under a special
“look-through” rule, any distributions by the Fund to a greater-than-5% foreign shareholder (including, in certain cases, distributions made by the Fund in redemption of its shares) that are attributable directly or indirectly to (i)
distributions received by the Fund from a lower-tier RIC or REIT that the Fund is required to treat as USRPI gain in its hands and (ii) gains realized on the disposition of USRPIs by the Fund will retain their character as gains realized from USRPIs
in the hands of the Fund’s foreign shareholders and will be subject to U.S. tax withholding. In addition, such distributions could result in the foreign shareholder being required to file a U.S. income tax return and pay tax on the
distributions at regular U.S. federal income tax rates. The consequences to a foreign shareholder, including the rate of such withholding and character of such distributions (e.g., as ordinary income or USRPI gain), would vary depending upon the
extent of the foreign shareholder’s current and past ownership of a Fund.
Foreign shareholders of a Fund may also be subject
to “wash sale” rules to prevent the avoidance of the foregoing tax-filing and payment obligations discussed above through the sale and repurchase of Fund shares.
Foreign shareholders should consult their tax
advisers and, if holding shares through intermediaries, their intermediaries, concerning the application of these rules to their investment in a Fund.
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Foreign shareholders with respect to whom income
from a Fund is effectively connected with a trade or business conducted by the foreign shareholder within the United States will in general be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the income derived from the Fund at the graduated rates applicable
to U.S. citizens, residents or domestic corporations, whether such income is received in cash or reinvested in shares of a Fund and, in the case of a foreign corporation, may also be subject to a branch profits tax. If a foreign shareholder is
eligible for the benefits of a tax treaty, any effectively connected income or gain will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net basis only if it is also attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the shareholder in the
United States. More generally, foreign shareholders who are residents in a country with an income tax treaty with the United States may obtain different tax results than those described herein, and are urged to consult their tax advisors.
In order to qualify for any exemptions from
withholding described above or for lower withholding tax rates under income tax treaties, or to establish an exemption from backup withholding, a foreign shareholder must comply with applicable certification requirements relating to its foreign
status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN, W-8BEN-E or substitute form). Foreign shareholders should consult their tax advisors in this regard.
Special rules (including withholding and reporting
requirements) apply to foreign partnerships and those holding Fund shares through foreign partnerships. In addition, additional considerations may apply to foreign trusts and foreign estates. Investors holding Fund shares through foreign entities
should consult their tax advisors about their particular situation.
A beneficial holder of shares who is a foreign
person may be subject to state and local tax and to the U.S. federal estate tax in addition to the U.S. federal income tax referred to above.
Tax-Exempt Shareholders
The Fund serves to “block” (that is, prevent the
attribution to shareholders of) UBTI from being realized by tax-exempt shareholders. Notwithstanding this “blocking” effect, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize UBTI by virtue of its investment in the Fund if shares in the Fund
constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of Code Section 514(b).
It is possible that a tax-exempt shareholder will
also recognize UBTI if the Fund recognizes excess inclusion income (as described above) derived from direct or indirect investments in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs. Furthermore, any investment in residual interests of a
CMO that has elected to be treated as a REMIC can create complex tax consequences, especially if the Fund has state or local governments or other tax-exempt organizations as shareholders.
In addition, special tax consequences apply to
charitable remainder trusts (CRTs) that invest in regulated investment companies that invest directly or indirectly in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs. Under legislation enacted in December 2006, a CRT, as defined in Section
664 of the Code, that realizes UBTI for a taxable year must pay an excise tax annually of an amount equal to such UBTI. Under IRS guidance issued in October 2006, a CRT will not recognize UBTI solely as a result of investing in the Fund to the
extent that it recognizes excess inclusion income. Rather, if at any time during any taxable year a CRT (or one of certain other tax-exempt shareholders, such as the United States, a state or political subdivision, or an agency or instrumentality
thereof, and certain energy cooperatives) is a record holder of a share in the Fund and the Fund recognizes excess inclusion income, then the Fund will be subject to a tax on that portion of its excess inclusion income for the taxable year that is
allocable to such shareholders at the highest U.S. federal corporate income tax rate. The extent to which the IRS guidance remains applicable in light of the December 2006 legislation is unclear. To the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the Fund
may elect to specially allocate any such tax to the applicable CRT, or other shareholder, and thus reduce such shareholder’s distributions for the year by the amount of the tax that relates to such shareholder’s interest in the Fund. The
Fund has not yet determined whether such an election will be made. CRTs are urged to consult their tax advisors concerning the consequences of investing in the Fund.
Shareholder Reporting Obligations With Respect to
Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts
Shareholders that are
U.S. persons and own, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the Fund could be required to report annually their “financial interest” in the Fund’s “foreign financial accounts,” if any, on FinCEN Form 114, Report of
Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts (FBAR). Shareholders should consult a tax advisor, and persons investing in the Fund through an intermediary should contact their intermediary, regarding the applicability to them of this reporting
requirement.
Other Reporting and Withholding
Requirements
Sections 1471-1474 of the Code, and the U.S.
Treasury Regulations and IRS guidance issued thereunder (collectively, “FATCA”), generally require the Fund to obtain information sufficient to identify the status of each of its shareholders under FATCA or under an applicable
intergovernmental agreement (an “IGA”) between the United States and a foreign government, as described more fully below. If a shareholder of a Fund fails to provide the requested information or otherwise fails to comply with FATCA or an
IGA, the Fund is generally required to withhold under FATCA at a rate of 30% with respect to that shareholder on ordinary dividends it pays, and after January 1, 2017 (which date, under recent Treasury guidance, is expected to be delayed until on or
after January 1, 2019), 30% of certain Capital Gain Dividends and gross proceeds of the sale or
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redemption of Fund shares it pays. If a payment by the Fund is
subject to FATCA withholding, the Fund is required to withhold even if such payment would otherwise be exempt from withholding under the rules applicable to foreign shareholders described above (e.g., Capital Gain Dividends, short-term capital gain
dividends and interest-related dividends).
Payments to a shareholder will generally not be
subject to FATCA withholding, provided the shareholder provides the Fund with such certifications, waivers or other documentation or information as the Fund requires, including, to the extent required, with regard to such shareholder’s direct
and indirect owners, to establish the shareholder’s FATCA status and otherwise to comply with these rules. In order to avoid withholding, a shareholder that is a “foreign financial institution” (“FFI”) must either (i)
become a “participating FFI” by entering into a valid U.S. tax compliance agreement with the IRS, (ii) qualify for an exception from the requirement to enter into such an agreement, for example by becoming a “deemed-compliant
FFI,” or (iii) be covered by an applicable IGA between the United States and a non-U.S. government to implement FATCA and improve international tax compliance. In any of these cases, the investing FFI generally will be required to provide its
Fund with appropriate identifiers, certifications or documentation concerning its status.
The Fund may disclose the information that it
receives from (or concerning) its shareholders to the IRS, non-U.S. taxing authorities or other parties as necessary to comply with applicable IGAs or other applicable law or regulation.
Each prospective investor is urged to consult its
tax adviser regarding the applicability of FATCA and any other reporting requirements with respect to the prospective investor’s own situation, including investments through an intermediary.
Tax Shelter Reporting Regulations
Under U.S. Treasury Regulations,
if a shareholder recognizes a loss of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on IRS Form 8886. Direct holders of portfolio
securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a regulated investment company are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to
shareholders of most or all regulated investment companies. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should
consult with their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
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CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
As of March 31, 2016, holders of record of the
Fund’s Preferred Stock totaled 155; holders of record of Common Stock totaled 13,816; and holders of record of Warrants totaled 73.
Management Ownership
As of March 31, 2016, the
Directors and officers of the Fund, as a group, owned less than 1% of the Fund’s Common Stock and did not own any of the Fund’s Preferred Stock or Warrants.
Control Persons and Principal Holders
The table below identifies the
names, address and ownership percentage of each person who owns of record or is known by the Fund to own beneficially 5% or more of any class of the Fund’s outstanding equity securities (Principal Holders) or 25% or more of the Fund’s
outstanding shares (Control Persons). A stockholder who beneficially owns more than 25% of a registered investment company is presumed to “control” the company, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act, and may have a significant impact
on matters submitted to a shareholder vote. A stockholder who beneficially owns more than 50% the Fund’s outstanding shares may be able to approve proposals, or prevent approval of proposals, without regard to votes by other stockholders. To
the knowledge of the Fund, no person beneficially owned 25% or more of the Fund’s outstanding equity securities as of March 31, 2016.
Funds with Fiscal Period Ending December 31:
Except as otherwise
indicated, the information below is as of March 31, 2016:
Fund
|
Shareholder
Name and Address |
Share
Class |
Percentage
of Class |
Percentage
of Fund (if greater than 25%) |
Tri-Continental
Corporation |
CEDE
& CO DEPOSITORY TRUST/CENTRAL DELIVERY 55 WATER STREET NEW YORK NY 10041-0099 |
Common |
62.44%
|
N/A
|
Preferred
|
92.55%
|
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INFORMATION REGARDING PENDING AND SETTLED LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
In December 2005, without admitting or
denying the allegations, American Express Financial Corporation (AEFC, which is now known as Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (Ameriprise Financial)) entered into settlement agreements with the SEC and Minnesota Department of Commerce (MDOC) related to
market timing activities. As a result, AEFC was censured and ordered to cease and desist from committing or causing any violations of certain provisions of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, the 1940 Act, and various Minnesota laws. AEFC agreed to
pay disgorgement of $10 million and civil money penalties of $7 million. AEFC also agreed to retain an independent distribution consultant to assist in developing a plan for distribution of all disgorgement and civil penalties ordered by the SEC in
accordance with various undertakings detailed at http://www.sec.gov/litigation/admin/ia-2451.pdf. Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates have cooperated with the SEC and the MDOC in these legal proceedings, and have made regular reports to the
Funds’ Board.
Ameriprise Financial and
certain of its affiliates have historically been involved in a number of legal, arbitration and regulatory proceedings, including routine litigation, class actions, and governmental actions, concerning matters arising in connection with the conduct
of their business activities. Ameriprise Financial believes that the Funds are not currently the subject of, and that neither Ameriprise Financial nor any of its affiliates are the subject of, any pending legal, arbitration or regulatory proceedings
that are likely to have a material adverse effect on the Funds or the ability of Ameriprise Financial or its affiliates to perform under their contracts with the Funds. Ameriprise Financial is required to make quarterly (10-Q), annual (10-K) and, as
necessary, 8-K filings with the SEC-on legal and regulatory matters that relate to Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates. Copies of these filings may be obtained by accessing the SEC website at www.sec.gov.
There can be no assurance that these matters, or the
adverse publicity associated with them, will not result in increased Fund redemptions, reduced sale of Fund shares or other adverse consequences to the Funds. Further, although we believe proceedings are not likely to have a material adverse effect
on the Funds or the ability of Ameriprise Financial or its affiliates to perform under their contracts with the Funds, these proceedings are subject to uncertainties and, as such, we are unable to estimate the possible loss or range of loss that may
result. An adverse outcome in one or more of these proceedings could result in adverse judgments, settlements, fines, penalties or other relief that could have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial condition or results of
operations of Ameriprise Financial.
NO PERSON
HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO GIVE ANY INFORMATION OR TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS NOT CONTAINED IN THE PROSPECTUS OR IN THIS STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION, WHICH THE PROSPECTUS INCORPORATES BY REFERENCE, IN CONNECTION WITH THE OFFERING MADE BY THE
PROSPECTUS AND, IF GIVEN OR MADE, SUCH INFORMATION OR PRESENTATIONS MUST NOT BE RELIED UPON AS HAVING BEEN AUTHORIZED BY THE TRUST(S). THIS STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFERING BY THE TRUST(S) IN ANY JURISDICTION IN
WHICH SUCH AN OFFERING MAY NOT LAWFULLY BE MADE.
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Other Information
Conduct of the Fund’s Business
Forum Selection. The Fund’s Bylaws provide
that the sole and exclusive forums for any stockholder (including a beneficial owner of shares) to bring (i) any action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Fund, (ii) any action asserting a claim for breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any
Director, officer or employee, if any, of the Fund to the Fund or the Fund’s stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim against the Fund or any of its Directors, officers or employees arising pursuant to any provision of the statutory or
common law of the State of Maryland or any federal securities law, in each case as amended from time to time, or the Fund’s Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws, or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine
shall be within the federal or state courts in the State of Maryland.
This forum selection provision may limit a
stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with the Fund and/or any of its Directors, officers, employees or service providers. If a court were to find the forum selection provision
contained in the Bylaws to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, the Fund may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions.
Derivative and Direct Claims of Stockholders. The
Fund’s Bylaws contain provisions regarding derivative and direct claims of stockholders. As used in the Bylaws, a “direct” stockholder claim refers to (i) a claim based upon alleged violations of a stockholder’s individual
rights independent of any harm to the Fund, including a stockholder’s voting rights under the Bylaws; rights to receive a dividend payment as may be declared from time to time; rights to inspect books and records; or other similar rights
personal to the stockholder and independent of any harm to the Fund; and (ii) a claim for which a direct stockholder action is expressly provided under the U.S. federal securities laws. Any other claim asserted by a stockholder, including without
limitation any claims purporting to be brought on behalf of the Fund or involving any alleged harm to the Fund, is considered a “derivative” claim as used in the Bylaws.
A stockholder may not bring or maintain any court
action or other proceeding asserting a derivative claim or any claim asserted on behalf of the Fund or involving any alleged harm to the Fund without first making demand on the Directors requesting the Directors to bring or maintain such action,
proceeding or claim. Such demand shall not be excused under any circumstances, including claims of alleged interest on the part of the Directors, unless the stockholder makes a specific showing that irreparable nonmonetary injury to the Fund would
otherwise result.
The Directors shall consider
any demand or request within 90 days of its receipt by the Fund or inform claimants within such time that further review and consideration is required, in which case the Directors shall have an additional 120 days to respond. In their sole
discretion, the Directors may submit the matter to a vote of stockholders of the Fund or of any series or class of shares, as appropriate. Any decision by the Directors to settle or to authorize (or not to settle or to authorize) such court action,
proceeding or claim, or to submit the matter to a vote of stockholders, shall be binding upon the stockholder seeking authorization.
Any person purchasing or otherwise holding any
interest in shares of common stock of the Fund will be deemed to have notice of and consented to the foregoing provisions. These provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim against the Directors, officers or other employees
of the Fund and/or its service providers.
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of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Financial
Statement Schedule
To the Board of Directors
and Stockholders of
Tri-Continental Corporation
Our audit of the financial statements as of December
31, 2015 referred to in our report dated February 22, 2016 appearing in the accompanying registration statement on Form N-2 of Tri- Continental Corporation also included an audit of the schedule listed under the caption “Senior Securities -
$2.50 Cumulative Preferred Stock” for each of the four years ended December 31, 2015 appearing on page 8. The Senior Securities - $2.50 Cumulative Preferred Stock schedule for each of the years presented through December 31, 2008 was audited
by other auditors whose report dated February 27, 2009, expressed unqualified opinions on the schedule. The Senior Securities - $2.50 Cumulative Preferred Stock schedule for each of the three years ended December 31, 2011 was audited by other
auditors whose report dated February 22, 2012, expressed unqualified opinions on the schedule.
In our opinion, the Senior Securities - $2.50
Cumulative Preferred Stock schedule for each of the four years ended December 31, 2015 presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Minneapolis,
MN
April 26, 2016
Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
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APPENDIX A — DESCRIPTION OF RATINGS
The ratings of S&P, Moody’s and Fitch
represent their opinions as to quality. These ratings are not absolute standards of quality and are not recommendations to purchase, sell or hold a security. Issuers and issues are subject to risks that are not evaluated by the rating agencies. When
a security is not rated by one of these agencies, it is designated as Not Rated. Securities designated as Not Rated do not necessarily indicate low credit quality, and for such securities the Investment Manager evaluates the credit quality.
S&P’s Debt Ratings
Long-Term Issue Credit Ratings
An obligation rated ‘AAA’ has the highest rating
assigned by S&P. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.
An obligation rated ‘AA’ differs from
the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.
An obligation rated ‘A’ is somewhat more
susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
An obligation rated ‘BBB’ exhibits
adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
Obligations rated ‘BB’, ‘B’,
‘CCC’, ‘CC’, and ‘C’ are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. ‘BB’ indicates the least degree of speculation and ‘C’ the highest. While such obligations will likely
have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
An obligation rated ‘BB’ is less
vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its
financial commitment on the obligation.
An
obligation rated ‘B’ is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated ‘BB’, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic
conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
An obligation rated ‘CCC’ is currently
vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the
obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
An obligation rated ‘CC’ is currently
highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The ‘CC’ rating is used when a default has not yet occurred, but S&P expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.
An obligation rated 'C' is currently highly
vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared to obligations that are rated higher.
An obligation rated ‘D’ is in default or
in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within five
business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and
where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation’s rating is lowered to ‘D’ if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
‘NR’ indicates that no
rating has been requested, or that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that S&P does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.
Short-Term Issue Credit Ratings
Short-term ratings are generally assigned to those obligations
considered short-term in the relevant market. In the U.S., for example, that means obligations with an original maturity of no more than 365 days – including commercial paper.
A short-term obligation rated ‘A-1’ is
rated in the highest category by S&P. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the
obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
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of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
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A short-term obligation rated ‘A-2’ is
somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is
satisfactory.
A short-term obligation rated
‘A-3’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
A short-term obligation rated ‘B’ is
regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate
capacity to meet its financial commitments.
A
short-term obligation rated ‘C’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
A short-term obligation rated ‘D’ is in
default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within
any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action
and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation's rating is lowered to 'D' if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
Municipal Short-Term Note Ratings
SP-1 Strong capacity to pay
principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation.
SP-2 Satisfactory
capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.
SP-3 Speculative
capacity to pay principal and interest.
Moody’s Long-Term Debt Ratings
Global Long-Term Rating Scale
Aaa – Obligations rated Aaa
are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.
Aa –
Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A –
Obligations rated A are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa –
Obligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Ba –
Obligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B –
Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa –
Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
Ca –
Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C –
Obligations rated C are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Global Short-Term Rating Scale
Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 (P-1) have a
superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2
(P-2) have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3
(P-3) have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.
Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime
(NP) do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
US Municipal Short-Term Debt and Demand Obligation
Ratings
While the global short-term ‘prime’
rating scale is applied to U.S. municipal tax-exempt commercial paper, these programs are typically backed by external letters of credit or liquidity facilities and their short-term prime ratings usually map to the long-term rating of the enhancing
bank or financial institution and not to the municipality’s rating. Other short-term municipal obligations, which generally have different funding sources for repayment, are rated using two additional short-term rating scales (i.e., the MIG and VMIG scales discussed below).
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of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
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The Municipal Investment Grade (MIG) scale is used
to rate US municipal bond anticipation notes of up to three years maturity. Municipal notes rated on the MIG scale may be secured by either pledged revenues or proceeds of a take-out financing received prior to note maturity. MIG ratings expire at
the maturity of the obligation, and the issuer’s long-term rating is only one consideration in assigning the MIG rating. MIG ratings are divided into three levels — MIG 1 through MIG 3 — while speculative grade short-term
obligations are designated SG.
The MIG 1
designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
The MIG 2 designation denotes strong credit quality.
Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.
The MIG 3 designation denotes acceptable credit
quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.
The SG designation denotes speculative-grade credit
quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.
In the case of variable rate demand obligations
(VRDOs), a two-component rating is assigned: a long or short-term debt rating and a demand obligation rating. The first element represents Moody’s evaluation of risk associated with scheduled principal and interest payments. The second element
represents Moody’s evaluation of risk associated with the ability to receive purchase price upon demand (“demand feature”). The second element uses a rating from a variation of the MIG scale called the Variable Municipal Investment
Grade (VMIG) scale. The rating transitions on the VMIG scale, as shown in the diagram below, differ from those on the Prime scale to reflect the risk that external liquidity support generally will terminate if the issuer’s long-term rating
drops below investment grade.
The VMIG 1
designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon
demand.
The VMIG 2 designation denotes strong
credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
The VMIG 3 designation denotes acceptable credit
quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
The SG designation denotes speculative-grade credit
quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have an investment grade short-term rating or may lack the structural and/or legal protections necessary to ensure the timely payment of purchase
price upon demand.
Fitch’s Ratings
Corporate Finance Obligations – Long-Term Rating
Scales
AAA: Highest credit
quality.
‘AAA’ ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by
foreseeable events.
AA: Very high credit quality.
‘AA’ ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable
to foreseeable events.
A: High credit quality.
‘A’ ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to
adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBB: Good credit
quality.
‘BBB’ ratings indicate that expectations of credit risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this
capacity.
BB: Speculative.
‘BB’ ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to credit risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial
alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met.
B: Highly
speculative.
‘B’ ratings indicate that material credit risk is present.
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of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
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CCC: Substantial
credit risk.
‘CCC’ ratings indicate that substantial credit risk is present.
CC: Very high levels
of credit risk.
‘CC’ ratings indicate very high levels of credit risk.
C: Exceptionally
high levels of credit risk.
‘C’ indicates exceptionally high levels of credit risk.
Defaulted obligations typically are not assigned
‘RD’ or ‘D’ ratings, but are instead rated in the ‘B’ to ‘C’ rating categories, depending upon their recovery prospects and other relevant characteristics. This approach better aligns obligations that
have comparable overall expected loss but varying vulnerability to default and loss.
Short-Term Ratings Assigned to Issuers or Obligations
in Corporate, Public and Structured Finance
F1: Highest short-term credit quality.
Indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit
feature.
F2: Good short-term credit quality.
Good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.
F3: Fair short-term
credit quality.
The intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
B: Speculative
short-term credit quality.
Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
C: High short-term
default risk.
Default is a real possibility.
RD: Restricted
default.
Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Typically applicable to entity ratings only.
D: Default.
Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.
Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
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APPENDIX B — PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES
Effective February 1, 2015
Set forth on the following pages are guidelines (the
Guidelines) adopted and used by the Board or the Investment Manager in voting proxies for the Columbia Funds overseen by the Board. The Guidelines are organized by issue and present certain factors that may be considered in making proxy voting
determinations. In accordance with the Fund's Proxy Voting Policy, the Board has delegated proxy voting authority to the Investment Manager in most circumstances. The Investment Manager has engaged third party firms to provide proxy research
services (collectively, the third party research provider) to assist it in this function. The Board or the Investment Manager may, in exercising its fiduciary discretion, determine to vote any proxy in a manner contrary to these Guidelines.
Directors, Boards, Committees
Elect Directors
In a routine election of directors, the Fund generally will vote
FOR the slate nominated by the nominating committee of independent directors, who are in the best position to know what qualifications are needed for each director to contribute to an effective board. The Fund generally will WITHHOLD support from a
nominee who fails to meet one or more of the following criteria:
■
|
Independence — A nominee who is deemed an affiliate of the company by virtue of a material business, familial or other relationship with the company but is otherwise not an employee. |
■
|
Attendance — A nominee who failed to attend at least 75% of the board’s meetings. |
■
|
Over Boarding — A nominee who serves on more than four other public company boards or an employee director nominee who serves on more than two other public company boards. |
■
|
Committee Membership — A nominee who has been assigned to the audit, compensation, nominating, or governance committee if that nominee is not independent of management, or if the nominee does not meet the specific
independence and experience requirements for audit committees or the independence requirements for compensation committees. |
■
|
Audit Committee
Chair — A nominee who serves as audit committee chair where the committee failed to put forth shareholder proposals for ratification of auditors. |
■
|
Board Independence — A nominee of a company whose board as proposed to be constituted would have more than one-third of its members from management. |
■
|
Interlocking
Directorship — A nominee who is an executive officer of another company on whose board one of the company’s executive officers sits. |
■
|
Poor
Governance — A nominee involved with options backdating, financial restatements or material weakness in controls, approving egregious compensation, or who has consistently disregarded the
interests of shareholders. |
The Fund will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on any
director nominee who meets the aforementioned criteria but whose candidacy has otherwise been identified by the third party research provider as needing further consideration for any reason not identified above.
In the case of contested elections, the Fund will
vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, taking into consideration the above criteria and other factors such as the background of the proxy contest, the performance of the company, current board and management, and qualifications of nominees on both
slates.
Shareholder Nominations for
Director
The Fund will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for
shareholder-nominated candidates for director, taking into account various factors including, but not limited to: company performance, the circumstances compelling the nomination by the shareholder, composition of the incumbent board, and the
criteria listed above used to evaluate nominees.
Shareholder Nominations for Director — Special
Criteria
The Fund generally will vote in accordance with
recommendations made by the third party research provider, which are typically based on the view that board nominating committees are responsible for establishing and implementing policies regarding the composition of the board and are therefore in
the best position to make determinations with respect to special nominating criteria.
Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
B-1
|
Director Independence and Committees
The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals that require all members
of a board’s key committees (audit, compensation, nominating or governance) be independent from management.
Independent Board Chair/Lead Director
The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals supporting an
independent board chair or lead director and FOR the separation of the board chair and CEO roles, as independent board leaders foster the effectiveness of the independent directors and ensure appropriate oversight of management.
Removal of Directors
The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals that amend governing
documents to grant or restore shareholder ability to remove directors with cause, and AGAINST proposals that provide directors may be removed only by supermajority vote. The Fund will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on proposals calling for removal of
specific directors.
Board Vacancies
The Fund generally will vote in accordance with recommendations
made by the third party research provider in the case of vacancies filled by continuing directors, taking into account factors including whether the proposal is in connection with a proxy contest or takeover situation.
Cumulative Voting
In the absence of proxy access rights or majority voting, the Fund
generally will vote FOR the restoration or provision for cumulative voting and AGAINST its elimination.
Majority Voting
The Fund generally will vote FOR amendments to governing documents
that provide that nominees standing for election to the board must receive a majority of votes cast in order to be elected to the board.
Number of Directors
The Fund generally will vote FOR amendments to governing documents
that provide directors the authority to adjust the size of the board to adapt to needs that may arise.
Term Limits
The Fund generally will vote AGAINST proposals seeking to establish
a limit on director terms or mandatory retirement.
General
Corporate Governance
Right to Call a Special
Meeting
The Fund generally will vote in accordance with
recommendations made by the third party research provider, which typically recommends votes FOR adoption, considering factors such as proposed ownership threshold, company size, and shareholder ownership, but will not support proposals allowing for
investors with less than 10% ownership to call a special meeting.
Eliminate or Restrict Right to Call Special
Meeting
The Fund generally will vote AGAINST proposals to
eliminate the right of shareholders to call special meetings.
Lead Independent Director Right to Call Special
Meeting
The Fund generally will vote FOR governance document
amendments or other proposals which give the lead independent director the authority to call special meetings of the independent directors at any time.
Adjourn Meeting
The Fund will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on adjournment proposals
and generally in the same direction as the primary proposal (i.e., if supporting the primary proposal, favor adjournment; if not supporting the primary proposal, oppose adjournment).
Other Business
The Fund generally will vote AGAINST proposals seeking to give
management the authority to conduct or vote on other business at shareholder meetings on the grounds that shareholders not present at the meeting would be unfairly excluded from such deliberations.
Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
B-2
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Eliminate or Restrict Action by Written Consent
The Fund generally will vote AGAINST proposals to eliminate the
right of shareholders to act by written consent since it may be appropriate to take such action in some instances.
Vote Unmarked Proxies
The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals prohibiting voting of
unmarked proxies in favor of management.
Proxy
Contest Advance Notice
The Fund generally will vote AGAINST
proposals to amend governing documents that require advance notice for shareholder proposals or director nominees beyond notice that allows for sufficient time for company response, SEC review, and analysis by other shareholders.
Minimum Stock Ownership
The Fund will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on proposals regarding
minimum stock ownership levels.
Director and
Officer Indemnification
The Fund generally will vote FOR the
provision of a maximum dollar amount that can be obtained through the course of legal action from a director or officer who acts in good faith and does not benefit from a transaction.
Confidential Voting
The Fund generally will vote FOR actions that ensure all proxies,
ballots, and voting tabulations which identify shareholders be kept confidential, except where disclosure is mandated by law. The Fund supports the proposal to minimize pressure on shareholders, particularly employee shareholders.
Miscellaneous Governing Document Amendments
The Fund generally will vote FOR bylaw or charter changes that are
of a housekeeping nature (e.g., updates or corrections).
Change Company Name
The Fund generally will vote FOR routine business matters such as
changing the company’s name.
Approve
Minutes
The Fund generally will vote FOR routine procedural
matters such as approving the minutes of a prior meeting.
Change Date/Time/Location of Annual Meeting
The Fund will vote in accordance with the recommendation of the
third party research provider on proposals to change the date, time or location of the company’s annual meeting of shareholders.
Approve Annual, Financial and Statutory Reports
The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals to approve the annual
reports and accounts, financial and statutory reports, provided companies required to comply with U.S. securities laws have included the certifications required by the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002.
Compensation
Approve or Amend Omnibus Equity Compensation
Plan
The Fund generally will vote in accordance with
recommendations made by the third party research provider, which typically recommends votes FOR adoption or amendments to omnibus (general) equity compensation plans for employees or non-employee directors if they are reasonable and consistent with
industry and country standards, and AGAINST compensation plans that substantially dilute ownership interest in a company, provide participants with excessive awards, or have objectionable structural features.
Approve or Amend Stock Option Plan
The Fund generally will vote in accordance with recommendations
made by the third party research provider, which are typically based on factors including cost, size, and pattern of grants in comparison to peer groups, history of repricing, and grants to senior executives and non-employee directors.
Approve or Amend Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The Fund generally will vote in accordance with recommendations
made by the third party research provider, which are typically based on factors including the plan’s cost to shareholders, whether those costs are in line with the company’s peer’s plans, and whether the plan requires shareholder
approval within five years.
Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
B-3
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Approve or Amend Performance-Based 162(m) Compensation
Plan
The Fund generally will vote in accordance with
recommendations made by the third party research provider, which are typically based on factors that consider the goal of the plan and in particular the linkage between potential payments to senior executives and the attainment of preset
performance-based metrics.
Approve or Amend
Restricted Stock Plan
The Fund generally will vote in
accordance with recommendations made by the third party research provider, which considers such factors as the balance of all equity grants and awards, the term and other restrictions in place for restricted stock.
Stock Option Repricing or Exchanges
The Fund generally will vote in accordance with recommendations
made by the third party research provider on matters relating to the repricing of stock options, which are typically based on factors such as whether the amending terms lead to a reduction in shareholder rights, allow the plan to be amended without
shareholder approval, or change the terms to the detriment of employee incentives such as excluding a certain class or group of employees. The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals to put stock option repricings to a shareholder vote.
Performance-Based Stock Options
The Fund will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis regarding proposals
urging that stock options be performance-based rather than tied to the vagaries of the stock market.
Ban Future Stock Option Grants
The Fund generally will vote AGAINST proposals seeking to ban or
eliminate stock options in equity compensation plans as such an action would preclude the company from offering a balanced compensation program.
Require Stock Retention Period
The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals requiring senior
executives to hold stock obtained by way of a stock option plan for a minimum of three years.
Require Approval of Extraordinary Benefits
The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals specifying that
companies disclose any extraordinary benefits paid or payable to current or retired senior executives and generally will vote AGAINST proposals requiring shareholder approval of any such extraordinary benefits.
Pay for Performance
The Fund will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis regarding proposals
seeking to align executive compensation with shareholders’ interests.
Say on Pay
The Fund generally will vote in accordance with recommendations
made by the third party research provider, taking into consideration the company’s pay for performance results and certain elements of the Compensation Discussion and Analysis disclosure.
Executive Severance Agreements
The Fund generally will vote in accordance with recommendations
made by the third party research provider on these proposals regarding approval of specific executive severance arrangements in the event of change in control of a company or due to other circumstances.
Approve or Amend Deferred Compensation Plans for
Directors
The Fund generally will vote FOR approval or
amendments to deferred compensation plans for non-employee directors, so that they may defer compensation earned until retirement.
Set Director Compensation
The Fund generally will vote AGAINST proposals that seek to limit
director compensation or mandate that compensation be paid solely in shares of stock.
Director Retirement Plans
The Fund generally will vote AGAINST the adoption or amendment of
director retirement plans on the basis that directors should be appropriately compensated while serving and should not view service on a board as a long-term continuing relationship with a company.
Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
B-4
|
Business Entity and Capitalization
Common or Preferred Stock — Increase in
Authorized Shares or Classes
The Fund will vote on a
CASE-BY-CASE basis regarding proposals to increase authorized shares of common stock or to add a class of common stock, taking into consideration the company’s capital goals that may include stock splits, stock dividends, or financing for
acquisitions or general operations. With respect to proposals seeking to increase authorized shares of preferred stock, to add a class of preferred stock, to authorize the directors to set the terms of the preferred stock or to amend the number of
votes per share of preferred stock, the Fund will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on the grounds that such actions may be connected to a shareholder rights’ plan that the Fund also will consider on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Common or Preferred Stock – Decrease in
Authorized Shares or Classes
The Fund generally will vote FOR
proposals seeking to decrease authorized shares of common or preferred stock or the elimination of a class of common or preferred stock.
Common Stock — Change in Par Value
The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals to change the par value
of the common stock, provided that the changes do not cause a diminution in shareholder rights.
Authorize Share Repurchase Program
The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals to institute or renew
open market share repurchase plans in which all shareholders may participate on equal terms.
Stock Splits
The Fund generally will vote FOR stock split proposals on the
grounds that they intended to encourage stock ownership of a company.
Private Placements, Conversion of Securities, Issuance
of Warrants or Convertible Debentures
The Fund generally will
vote FOR the issuance of shares for private placements, the conversion of securities from one class to another, and the issuance of warrants or convertible debentures on the grounds that such issuances may be necessary and beneficial for the
financial health of the company and may be a low cost source of equity capital. The Fund generally will vote AGAINST any such issuance or related action if the proposal would in any way result in new equity holders having superior voting rights,
would result in warrants or debentures, when exercised, holding in excess of 20 percent of the currently outstanding voting rights, or if the proposal would in any way diminish the rights of existing shareholders.
Issuance of Equity or Equity-Linked Securities without
Subscription Rights (Preemptive Rights)
The Fund generally
will vote FOR proposals that seek shareholder approval of the issuance of equity, convertible bonds or other equity-linked debt instruments, or to issue shares to satisfy the exercise of such securities that are free of subscription (preemptive)
rights on the grounds that companies must retain the ability to issue such securities for purposes of raising capital. The Fund generally will vote AGAINST any proposal where dilution exceeds 20 percent of the company’s outstanding
capital.
Recapitalization
The Fund generally will vote FOR recapitalization plans that
combine two or more classes of stock into one class, or that authorize the company to issue new common or preferred stock for such plans. The Fund generally will vote AGAINST recapitalization plans that would result in the diminution of rights for
existing shareholders.
Merger Agreement
The Fund will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on proposals seeking
approval of a merger or merger agreement and all proposals related to such primary proposals, taking into consideration the particular facts and circumstances of the proposed merger and its potential benefits to existing shareholders.
Going Private
The Fund will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on proposals that allow
listed companies to de-list and terminate registration of their common stock, taking into consideration the cash-out value to shareholders, and weighing the value in continuing as a publicly traded entity.
Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
B-5
|
Reincorporation
The Fund will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on reincorporation
proposals, taking into consideration whether financial benefits (e.g., reduced fees or taxes) likely to accrue to the company as a result of a reincorporation or other change of domicile outweigh any
accompanying material diminution of shareholder rights. The Fund generally will vote AGAINST the proposal unless the long-term business reasons for doing so are valid. The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals to consider reincorporating in the
United States if a company left the country for the purpose of avoiding taxes.
Bundled Proposals
The Fund generally will vote in accordance with recommendations
made by the third party research provider on “bundled” or otherwise conditioned proposals, which are determined depending on the overall economic effects to shareholders.
Defense Mechanisms
Shareholder Rights’ Plan (Poison Pill)
The Fund will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis regarding management
proposals seeking ratification of a shareholder rights’ plan, including a net operating loss (NOL) shareholder rights’ plan, or stockholder proposals seeking modification or elimination of any existing shareholder rights’
plan.
Supermajority Voting
The Fund generally will vote FOR the elimination or material
diminution of provisions in company governing documents that require the affirmative vote of a supermajority of shareholders for approval of certain actions, and generally will vote AGAINST the adoption of any supermajority voting clause.
Control Share Acquisition Provisions
The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals to opt out of control
share acquisition statutes and generally will vote AGAINST proposals seeking approval of control share acquisition provisions in company governing documents on the grounds that such provisions may harm long-term share value by effectively
entrenching management. The ability to buy shares should not be constrained by requirements to secure approval of the purchase from other shareholders.
Anti-Greenmail
The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals to adopt anti-greenmail
governing document amendments or to otherwise restrict a company’s ability to make greenmail payments.
Classification of Board of Directors
The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals to declassify a board
and AGAINST proposals to classify a board, absent special circumstances that would indicate that shareholder interests are better served by voting to the contrary.
Auditors
Ratify or Appoint Auditors
The Fund generally will vote in accordance with recommendations
made by the third party research provider, which typically recommends votes FOR ratification or appointment except in situations where there are questions about the relative qualification of the auditors, conflicts of interest, auditor involvement
in significant financial restatements, option backdating, material weaknesses in controls, or situations where independence has been compromised.
Prohibit or Limit Auditor’s Non-Audit
Services
The Fund generally will vote in accordance with
recommendations made by the third party research provider, which typically recommends votes AGAINST these proposals since it may be necessary or appropriate for auditors to provide a service related to the business of a company and that service will
not compromise the auditors’ independence. In addition, Sarbanes-Oxley legislation spells out the types of services that need pre-approval or would compromise independence.
Indemnification of External Auditor
The Fund generally will vote AGAINST proposals to indemnify
external auditors on the grounds that indemnification agreements may limit pursuit of legitimate legal recourse against the audit firm.
Indemnification of Internal Auditor
The Fund generally will vote FOR the indemnification of internal
auditors, unless the costs associated with the approval are not disclosed.
Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
B-6
|
Social and Environmental
Disclose Environmental or Social Agenda
Proposals that seek disclosure, often in the form of a report, on
items such as military contracts or sales, environmental or conservation initiatives, business relationships with foreign countries, or animal welfare or other environmental and social issues, will be reviewed and, if after considering the proposal
the Investment Manager believes the matter may bear on the long-term value creation or sustainability of the company, a vote FOR or AGAINST may be cast, otherwise the Fund generally will ABSTAIN from voting.
Socially Responsible Investing
Proposals that seek to have a company take a position on social or
environmental issues will be reviewed and, if after considering the proposal the Investment Manager believes the matter may bear on the long-term value creation or sustainability of the company, a vote FOR or AGAINST may be cast, otherwise the Fund
generally will ABSTAIN from voting.
Prohibit or
Disclose Contributions and Lobbying Expenses
The Fund generally will vote in accordance with
recommendations made by the third party research provider, which typically considers the proposal in the context of the company’s current disclosures, Federal and state laws, and whether the proposal is in shareholders’ best
interests.
Disclose Prior Government
Service
Proposals seeking a company to furnish a list of
high-ranking employees who served in any governmental capacity over the last five years will be reviewed and, if after considering the proposal the Investment Manager believes the matter may bear on the long-term value creation or sustainability of
the company, a vote FOR or AGAINST may be cast, otherwise the Fund generally will ABSTAIN from voting.
Change in Operations or Products Manufactured or
Sold
Proposals seeking to change the way a company operates
(e.g., protect human rights, sexual orientation, stop selling tobacco products, move manufacturing operations to another country, etc.) will be reviewed and, if after considering the proposal the Investment Manager believes the matter may bear on
the long-term value creation or sustainability of the company, a vote FOR or AGAINST may be cast, otherwise the Fund generally will ABSTAIN from voting.
Foreign Issues
Foreign Issues — Directors, Boards,
Committees
Approve Discharge of Management
(Supervisory) Board
The Fund generally will vote in
accordance with recommendations made by the third party research provider, which typically recommends votes FOR approval of the board, based on factors including whether there is an unresolved investigation or whether the board has participated in
wrongdoing. This is a standard request in Germany and discharge is generally granted unless a shareholder states a specific reason for withholding discharge and intends to take legal action.
Announce Vacancies on Management (Supervisory)
Board
The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals requesting
shareholder approval to announce vacancies on the board, as is required under Dutch law.
Approve Director Fees
The Fund generally will vote in accordance with recommendations
made by the third party research provider on proposals seeking approval of director fees.
Foreign Issues — General Corporate
Governance
Digitalization of Certificates
The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals seeking shareholder
approval to amend a company’s articles of incorporation to eliminate references to share certificates and beneficial owners, and to make other related changes to bring the articles in line with recent regulatory changes for Japanese
companies.
Authorize Filing of Required
Documents and Other Formalities
The Fund generally will vote
FOR proposals requesting shareholders authorize the holder of a copy of the minutes of the general assembly to accomplish any formalities required by law, as is required in France.
Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
B-7
|
Propose Publications Media
The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals requesting shareholders
approve the designation of a newspaper as the medium to publish the company’s meeting notice, as is common in Chile and other countries.
Clarify Articles of Association or Incorporation
The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals seeking shareholder
approval of routine housekeeping of the company’s articles, including clarifying items and deleting obsolete items.
Update Articles of Association or Incorporation with
Proxy Results
The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals
requesting shareholders approve changes to the company’s articles of association or incorporation to reflect the results of a proxy vote by shareholders, which is a routine proposal in certain country’s proxies.
Conform Articles of Association or Incorporation to
Law or Stock Exchange
The Fund generally will vote FOR
proposals requesting shareholder approval to amend the articles of association or incorporation to conform to new requirements in local or national law or rules established by a stock exchange on which its stock is listed.
Authorize Board to Ratify and Execute Approved
Resolutions
The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals
requesting shareholder approval to authorize the board to ratify and execute any resolutions approved at the meeting.
Prepare and Approve List of Shareholders
The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals requesting shareholder
approval for the preparation and approval of the list of shareholders entitled to vote at the meeting, which is a routine formality in European countries.
Authorize Company to Engage in Transactions with
Related Parties
The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals
requesting shareholder approval for the company, its subsidiaries, and target associated companies to enter into certain transactions with persons who are considered “interested parties” as defined in Chapter 9A of the Listing Manual of
the Stock Exchange of Singapore (SES), as the SES related-party transaction rules are fairly comprehensive and provide shareholders with substantial protection against insider trading abuses.
Amend Articles to Lower Quorum Requirement for Special
Business
The Fund generally will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis
on proposals seeking to amend the articles to lower the quorum requirement to one-third for special business resolutions at a shareholder meeting, which is common when certain material transactions such as mergers or acquisitions are to be
considered by shareholders.
Change Date/Location
of Annual Meeting
The Fund will vote in accordance with the
recommendation of the third party research provider on proposals to change the date, time or location of the company’s annual meeting of shareholders.
Elect Chairman of the Meeting
The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals requesting shareholder
approval to elect the chairman of the meeting, which is a routine meeting formality in certain European countries.
Authorize New Product Lines
The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals requesting shareholder
approval to amend the company’s articles to allow the company to expand into new lines of business.
Approve Financial Statements, Directors’ Reports
and Auditors’ Reports
The Fund generally will vote FOR
proposals that request shareholder approval of the financial statements, directors’ reports, and auditors’ reports.
Foreign Issues — Compensation
Approve Retirement Bonuses for Directors/Statutory
Auditors
The Fund generally will ABSTAIN from voting on
proposals requesting shareholder approval for the payment of retirement bonuses to retiring directors and/or statutory auditors, which is a standard request in Japan, because information to justify the proposal is typically insufficient.
Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
B-8
|
Approve Payment to Deceased Director’s/Statutory
Auditor’s Family
The Fund generally will ABSTAIN from
voting on proposals requesting shareholder approval for the payment of a retirement bonus to the family of a deceased director or statutory auditor, which is a standard request in Japan, because information to justify the proposal is typically
insufficient.
Foreign Issues — Business
Entity, Capitalization
Set or Approve the
Dividend
The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals
requesting shareholders approve the dividend rate set by management.
Approve Allocation of Income and Dividends
The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals requesting shareholders
approve a board’s allocation of income for the current fiscal year, as well as the dividend rate.
Approve Scrip (Stock) Dividend Alternative
The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals requesting shareholders
authorize dividend payments in the form of either cash or shares at the discretion of each shareholder, provided the options are financially equal. The Fund generally will vote AGAINST proposals that do not allow for a cash option unless management
demonstrates that the cash option is harmful to shareholder value.
Authorize Issuance of Equity or Equity-Linked
Securities
The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals
requesting shareholder approval to permit the board to authorize the company to issue convertible bonds or other equity-linked debt instruments or to issue shares to satisfy the exercise of such securities.
Authorize Issuance of Bonds
The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals requesting shareholder
approval granting the authority to the board to issue bonds or subordinated bonds.
Authorize Capitalization of Reserves for Bonus Issue
or Increase in Par Value
The Fund generally will vote FOR
proposals requesting shareholder approval to increase authorized stock by capitalizing various reserves or retained earnings, which allows shareholders to receive either new shares or a boost in the par value of their shares at no cost.
Increase Issued Capital for Rights Issue
The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals requesting shareholder
approval to increase issued capital in order to offer a rights issue to current registered shareholders, which provides shareholders the option of purchasing additional shares of the company’s stock, often at a discount to market value, and
the company will use the proceeds from the issue to provide additional financing.
Board Authority to Repurchase Shares
The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals requesting that a board
be given the authority to repurchase shares of the company on the open market, with such authority continuing until the next annual meeting.
Authorize Reissuance of Repurchased Shares
The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals requesting shareholder
approval to reissue shares of the company’s stock that had been repurchased by the company at an earlier date.
Approve Payment of Corporate Income Tax
The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals seeking approval for the
use by a company of its reserves in order to pay corporate taxes, which is common practice in Europe.
Cancel Pre-Approved Capital Issuance Authority
The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals requesting shareholders
cancel a previously approved authority to issue capital, which may be necessary in Denmark as companies there do not have authorized but unissued capital that they may issue as needed like their counterparts in other countries.
Allotment of Unissued Shares
The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals requesting that
shareholders give the board the authority to allot or issue unissued shares.
Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
B-9
|
Authority to Allot Shares for Cash
The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals requesting that
shareholders give the board the ability to allot a set number of authorized but unissued shares for the purpose of employee share schemes and to allot equity securities for cash to persons other than existing shareholders up to a limited aggregate
nominal amount (a percentage of the issued share capital of the company).
Foreign Issues – Defense Mechanisms
Authorize Board to Use All Outstanding Capital
The Fund will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on proposals requesting
shareholders authorize the board, for one year, to use all outstanding capital authorizations in the event that a hostile public tender or exchange offer is made for the company, which is a common anti-takeover measure in France similar to the way
U.S. companies use preferred stock.
Foreign
Issues — Auditors
Approve Special
Auditors’ Report
The Fund generally will vote FOR
proposals that present shareholders of French companies, as required by French law, with a special auditor’s report that confirms the presence or absence of any outstanding related party transactions. At a minimum, such transactions (with
directors or similar parties) must be previously authorized by the board. This part of the French commercial code provides shareholders with a mechanism to ensure an annual review of any outstanding related party transactions.
Appoint Statutory Auditor
The Fund generally will vote FOR proposals requesting shareholder
approval to appoint the internal statutory auditor, designated as independent internal auditor as required by the revised Japanese Commercial Code.
Foreign Issues — Social and Environmental
Authorize Company to Make EU Political Organization
Donations
The Fund generally will ABSTAIN from voting on
proposals that seek authorization for the company to make EU political organization donations and to incur EU political expenditures.
Statement
of Additional Information – May 1, 2016 |
B-10
|
PART C. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 25. |
Financial Statements and Exhibits. |
1. Financial Statements.
Part A. Financial Highlights for the ten years ended December 31, 2015; Table for the ten years ended December 31, 2015 under
the caption Senior Securities - $2.50 Cumulative Preferred Stock.
Part B. The required financial statements are
included in the Corporations 2015 Annual Report, which is incorporated by reference into the Statement of Additional Information. These statements include: Portfolio of Investments at December 31, 2015; Statement of Assets and Liabilities
at December 31, 2015; Statement of Capital Stock and Surplus at December 31, 2015; Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2015; Statements of Changes in Net Investment Assets for the years ended December 31, 2015
and 2014; Notes to Financial Statements; Financial Highlights for the five years ended December 31, 2015; Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
2. Exhibits. All Exhibits listed below are incorporated herein by reference, except those Exhibits marked with an asterisk (*), which
are filed herewith.
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(a) |
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Amended and Restated Charter of the Registrant. (Incorporated by reference to Registrants Amendment No. 27 to the Registration Statement on Form N-2 filed on April 16, 1998.) |
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(b) |
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Amended and Restated By-laws of the Registrant. (Incorporated by reference to Registrants Post-Effective Amendment No. 19 on Form N-2 filed on March 14, 2016.) |
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(c) |
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Not Applicable. |
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(d)(1) |
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Specimen certificates of Common Stock. (Incorporated by reference to Registrants Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form N-2 filed on March 6, 1981.) |
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(d)(2) |
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Specimen certificates of $2.50 Cumulative Preferred Stock. (Incorporated by reference to Registrants Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form N-2 filed on March 6, 1981.) |
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(d)(3) |
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Specimen of Warrant of the Registrant. (Incorporated by reference to Registrants Post-Effective Amendment No. 12 on Form N-2 Filed on April 9, 2013.) |
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(d)(4) |
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Form of Subscription CertificateSubscription Right for shares of Common Stock. (Incorporated by reference to Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 filed on September 17, 1992.) |
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(d)(5) |
|
The Registrants Charter is the constituent instrument defining the rights of the $2.50 Cumulative Preferred Stock, par value $50, and the Common Stock of the Registrant. (Incorporated by reference to Registrants
Amendment No. 27 to the Registration Statement on Form N-2 filed on April 16, 1998.) |
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(e) |
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Registrants Automatic Dividend Investment and Cash Purchase Plan is set forth in Registrants Prospectus which is filed as Part A of this Registration Statement. |
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(f) |
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Not Applicable. |
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(g) |
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*Management Agreement between the Registrant and Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC. |
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(h) |
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Not Applicable. |
PART C. OTHER INFORMATION (continued)
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(i) |
|
Deferred Compensation Plan, adopted as of December 31, 2011, filed electronically on or about February 24, 2012 as Exhibit (f) to Registrants Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to Registration Statement No. 333-131683
is incorporated by reference. |
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(j) |
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Second Amended and Restated Master Global Custody Agreement the Registrant and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 93 to Registration Statement No. 333-89661 of Columbia Funds
Series Trust on Form N-1A (Exhibit (g)(3)), filed on May 27, 2011. |
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(k) |
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Stockholder Service Agent Agreement, dated March 1, 2016, between the Registrant and Columbia Management Investment Services, Corp. (Incorporated by reference to Registrants Post-Effective Amendment No. 19 on Form N-2 filed on
March 14, 2016.) |
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(l) |
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Opinion and Consent of Counsel. (Incorporated by reference to Registrants Amendment No. 33 to the Registration Statement on Form N-2 filed on April 22, 2003.) |
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(m) |
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Not Applicable. |
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(n) |
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*Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP). |
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(o) |
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Not Applicable. |
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(p) |
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Not Applicable. |
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(q)(1) |
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The Seligman Roth/Traditional IRA Information Kit. (Incorporated by reference to Registrants Amendment No. 27 to the Registration Statement on Form N-2 filed on April 16, 1998.) |
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(q)(2) |
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Qualified Plan and Trust Basic Plan Document. (Incorporated by reference to Registrants Amendment No. 27 to the Registration Statement on Form N-2 filed on April 16, 1998.) |
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(q)(3) |
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Flexible Standardized 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan Adoption Agreement. (Incorporated by reference to Registrants Amendment No. 27 to the Registration Statement on Form N-2 filed on April 16, 1998.) |
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(q)(4) |
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Seligman Qualified Retirement Plan and Trust Defined Contribution Basis Plan. (Incorporated by reference to Registrants Post-Effective Amendment No. 3 on Form N-2 filed on April 13, 2006). |
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(q)(5) |
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Seligman Profit Sharing Plan Forms: Super Simplified Standardized Profit Sharing Plan; and Simplified Profit Sharing Plan. (Incorporated by reference to Registrants Post-Effective Amendment No. 3 on Form N-2 filed on April 13,
2006). |
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(q)(6) |
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Flexible Nonstandardized Safe Harbor 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan Adoption Agreement. (Incorporated by reference to Registrants Amendment No. 27 to the Registration Statement on Form N-2 filed on April 16, 1998.) |
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(r)(1) |
|
Columbia Funds Family Code of Ethics, effective April 14, 2014, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 39 to Registration Statement No. 333-146374 of Columbia Funds Variable Series Trust II on Form N-1A
(Exhibit (p)(1)), filed on May 15, 2014. |
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(r)(2) |
|
Ameriprise Global Asset Management Personal Account Dealing and Code of Ethics Policy, effective December 1, 2015, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 49 to Registration Statement No. 333-146374 of
Columbia Funds Variable Series Trust II on Form N-1A (Exhibit (p)(2)), filed on February 19, 2016. |
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(Other Exhibits) |
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(a) *Directors Power of Attorney to sign Amendments to this Registration Statement, dated April 19, 2016. |
Item 26. |
Marketing Arrangements. Not Applicable. |
Item 27. |
Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution. |
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Registration fees |
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$ |
-0- |
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NYSE listing fees |
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-0- |
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Registrar fees |
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-0- |
|
Legal fees |
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-0- |
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Accounting fees |
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-0- |
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Miscellaneous (mailing, etc.) |
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-0- |
|
Item 28. |
Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with Registrant. Seligman Data Corp., a New York Corporation, is owned by the Registrant and certain associated investment companies. The Registrants investment
in Seligman Data Corp. is recorded at a cost of $43,681. |
Item 29. |
Number of Holders of Securities. |
As of March 31, 2016:
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Title of Class |
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Number of Recordholders |
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$2.50 Cumulative Preferred |
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155 |
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Common Stock |
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13,816 |
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Warrants |
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73 |
|
Item 30. |
Indemnification. Reference is made to the provisions of Article Eleventh of Registrants Amended and Restated Charter filed as an exhibit to Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 filed on
April 16, 1998 and Article X of Registrants Amended and Restated By-laws filed herewith. |
Insofar as
indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been
advised by the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment
by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with
the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against
public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
PART C. OTHER INFORMATION (continued)
Item 31. |
Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser. |
To the knowledge of the
Registrant, none of the directors or officers of Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC (Columbia Management), the Registrants investment adviser, except as set forth below, are or have been, at any time during the Registrants past
two fiscal years, engaged in any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature.
Columbia Management, a wholly
owned subsidiary of Ameriprise Financial, Inc., performs investment advisory services for the Registrant and certain other clients. Information regarding the business of Columbia Management and the directors and principal officers of Columbia
Management is also included in the Form ADV filed by Columbia Management with the SEC pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (File No. 801-25943), which is incorporated herein by reference. In addition to their position with Columbia
Management, certain directors and officers of Columbia Management also hold various positions with, and engage in business for, Ameriprise Financial, Inc. or its other subsidiaries.
Item 32. |
Location of Accounts and Records. The accounts, books and documents to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the Rules promulgated thereunder are kept in the possession of
Registrants investment adviser and administrator, Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, at its offices at 100 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10017 and 225 Franklin Street, Boston, MA 02110 or at the following locations: (1) the offices
of the Corporations Board of Directors at Board Services Corporation, 901 Marquette Avenue South, Suite 2810, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55402, (2) JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A., located at 1 Chase Manhattan Plaza, 19th Floor, New York,
New York 10005, custodian of the Registrants cash and securities; (3) Columbia Management Investment Services Corp., located at 225 Franklin Street, 25th floor, Boston, MA 02110 and 10 Memorial Boulevard, 10th floor, Providence, RI 02903,
as the sub-transfer, dividend-paying, and stockholder services agent, maintains stockholder records for the Registrant, and (4) Ameriprise Financial, Inc., 707 Second Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55402, and Iron Mountain Records Management,
920 and 950 Apollo Road, Eagan, MN 55121, 175 Bearfoot Road, Northborough, MA 01532 and 26 Parkway Drive, Scarbourough, ME 04074. Iron Mountain Records Management is an off-site storage facility housing historical records that are no longer required
to be maintained on-site. Records stored at this facility include various trading and accounting records, as well as other miscellaneous records. |
Item 33. |
Management Services. Not Applicable. |
I. Registrant undertakes: to suspend the offering of shares until the
prospectus is amended if (1) subsequent to the effective date of its registration statement, the net asset value declines more than 10% from its net asset value as of the effective date of the registration statement.
II. Registrant undertakes:
(a)
to file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to the registration statement: (1) to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the
1933 Act; (2) to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events after the effective date of the Registration Statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change
in the information set forth in the Registration Statement; and (3) to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information
in the registration statement;
PART C. OTHER INFORMATION (continued)
(b) and that, for the purpose of determining any liability under the 1933 Act, each such
post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new Registration Statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of those securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
III. Registrant undertakes: to send by first class mail or other means designed to ensure equally prompt delivery within two business days of
receipt of a written or oral request, the Registrants Statement of Additional Information.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, Tri-Continental Corporation has duly caused this Amendment
to its Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Boston, and The Commonwealth of Massachusetts on the 28th day of April, 2016.
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TRI-CONTINENTAL CORPORATION |
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By: |
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/s/ Christopher O. Petersen |
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Christopher O. Petersen |
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President |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Amendment to the Registration Statement has been signed
below by the following persons in the capacities indicated on the 28th day of April, 2016.
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Signature |
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Capacity |
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Signature |
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Capacity |
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/s/ Christopher O. Petersen |
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President |
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/s/ William P. Carmichael* |
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Director |
Christopher O. Petersen |
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(Principal Executive Officer) |
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William P. Carmichael |
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/s/ Michael G. Clarke |
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Chief Financial Officer |
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/s/ Patricia M. Flynn* |
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Director |
Michael G. Clarke |
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(Principal Financial Officer) |
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Patricia M. Flynn |
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Chief Accounting Officer |
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/s/ Catherine James Paglia* |
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Director |
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(Principal Accounting Officer) |
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Catherine James Paglia |
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/s/ William A. Hawkins* |
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Chair of the Board |
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/s/ Minor M. Shaw* |
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Director |
William P. Hawkins |
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Minor M. Shaw |
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/s/ Kathleen A. Blatz* |
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Director |
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/s/ Alison Taunton-Rigby* |
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Director |
Kathleen A. Blatz |
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Alison Taunton-Rigby |
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/s/ Pamela G. Carlton* |
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Director |
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/s/ William F. Truscott* |
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Director |
Pamela G. Carlton |
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William F. Truscott |
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* |
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By: |
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/s/ Joseph L. DAlessandro |
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Name: |
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Joseph L. DAlessandro** |
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Attorney-in-fact |
** |
Executed by Joseph L. D Alessandro on behalf of each of the Directors pursuant to a Power of Attorney, dated April 19, 2016, filed herewith. |
TRI-CONTINENTAL CORPORATION
FORM N-2
Post-Effective
Amendment No. 20
EXHIBIT INDEX
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Form N-2 Item No. |
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Description |
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Item 25(g) |
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Management Agreement between the Registrant and Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC. |
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Item 25(n) |
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Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP) |
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(Other Exhibits) |
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(a) Directors Power of Attorney to sign Amendments to this Registration Statement, dated April 19, 2016. |